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I have no special credentials to pursue this, except that I'm not on any religion's payroll. I have no formal religious training. I have no visions or dreams to speak of. I have a kind of compulsion to study the Bible. I blame it on my father. Over and over he quoted Proverbs 4:7 to me as I grew up: Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom; Yea, with all thy getting get understanding. I didn't always listen to my father when I was young. But now that I am old I am apparently incapable of not running his programing.

Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 3:10-18

Posted on August 25, 2012 by admin

Paul

Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint)

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

There is no one righteous, not even one

Romans 3:10 (NET)

οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός

Psalm 14:1 Table

ουκ εστιν δικαιος ουδε εις

Romans 3:10

there is no one who understands, there is no one who seeks God.

Romans 3:11 (NET)

ἰδεῖν εἰ ἔστιν συνίων ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν

Psalm 14:2 Table

ουκ εστιν συνιων ουκ εστιν εκζητων τον θεον

Romans 3:11

All have turned away, together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.

Romans 3:12 (NET)

πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός

Psalm 14:3 Table

παντες εξεκλιναν αμα ηχρεωθησαν ουκ εστιν ποιων χρηστοτητα ουκ εστιν εως ενος

Romans 3:12

In Item #1 Paul replaced ποιῶν χρηστότητα (does goodness) with δικαιος (righteous) [See Addendum below]. The longer phrase οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός (there is not so much as one) is also found at the end of verse 12, but was replaced in verse 10 with ουδε εις (not even one).

In Item #2 David wrote that The Lord looked down from heaven upon the sons of men ἰδεῖν εἰ ἔστιν συνίων (to see if there were any that understood) ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν (or sought after God) [See Addendum below]. Paul, taking his cue from the conclusion in Psalm 14:3, wrote ουκ εστιν συνιων (there is no one who understands) ουκ εστιν εκζητων τον θεον (there is no one who seeks God).

Item #3 is word for word identical (except for accent marks). It also demonstrates a kind of equivalence in Paul’s mind between ποιῶν χρηστότητα (does goodness, shows kindness [NET] in Psalm 14:1 and 3) with δικαιος (righteous, in Romans 3:10) [See Addendum below].

Paul

Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint)

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

Their throats are open graves, they deceive with their tongues, the poison of asps is under their lips.

Romans 3:13 (NET)

τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν

Psalm 5:9

ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν

Psalm 140:3

ταφος ανεωγμενος ο λαρυγξ αυτων ταις γλωσσαις αυτων εδολιουσανιος ασπιδων υπο τα χειλη αυτων

Romans 3:13

Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.

Romans 3:14 (NET)

οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας

Psalm 10:7

ων το στομα αρας και πικριας γεμει

Romans 3:14

Item #4 combines two verses from different Psalms but the quotation is identical in Romans (except for accent marks). [Or he continued to quote from Psalm 14:3 (13:3) in the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated: see Addendum below.]

In Item #5 the Septuagint began with οὗ (whose, singular). The parallel Greek text began with ων (whose, plural). Paul dropped αὐτοῦ (his) since he had switched to the plural form. Except for word order the quotation is the same after that. [Or he continued to quote from Psalm 14:3 (13:3) in the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated: see Addendum below.]

Paul

Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint)

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

Their feet are swift to shed blood,

Romans 3:15 (NET)

οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσιν ταχινοὶ [swift] ἐκχέαι αἷμα

Isaiah 59:7

οξεις οι ποδες αυτων εκχεαι αιμα

Romans 3:15

ruin and misery are in their paths,

Romans 3:16 (NET)

σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν

Isaiah 59:7

συντριμμα και ταλαιπωρια εν ταις οδοις αυτων

Romans 3:16

and the way of peace they have not known.

Romans 3:17 (NET)

καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασιν

Isaiah 59:8

και οδον ειρηνης ουκ εγνωσαν

Romans 3:17

In Item #6 the Septuagint read, And their feet run to wickedness, swift to shed blood.¹ Paul abbreviated it and began with οξεις (swift) rather than ταχινοὶ. He dropped the conjunction δὲ (and), and the phrase ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσιν (run to wickedness). [Or he continued to quote from Psalm 14:3 (13:3) in the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated: see Addendum below.]

Item #7 is identical (except for accent marks). [Or he continued to quote from Psalm 14:3 (13:3) in the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated: see Addendum below.]

Item #8 is identical except that Paul used εγνωσαν, a form of γινώσκω, for known rather than οἴδασιν, a form of εἴδω. They did not understand (εγνωσαν) that [Jesus] was telling them about his Father,² John informed his readers in his Gospel account. You are like unmarked graves, and people walk over them without realizing (οιδασιν) it!³ Jesus told the Pharisees in Luke’s Gospel account. I’m not sure how much, or if any, emphasis should be made of that change. [Or Paul may have continued to quote from Psalm 14:3 (13:3) in the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated: see Addendum below.]

[For Romans 3:18 see Addendum below.

Addendum: March 31, 2021
The Greek of Paul’s quotation (NET note 14) from Psalm 14:1 is contrasted to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:10b (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:1b (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:1b (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς	οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός [Table]	οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός
Romans 3:10b (NET)	Psalm 13:1b (NETS)	Psalm 13:1b (English Elpenor)
There is no one righteous, not even one;	there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one.	there is none that does goodness, there is not even so much as one.

There is more here than I was willing or able to see before. Paul was certainly looking at the Septuagint or the Hebrew from which the Septuagint was translated.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 14:1b (Tanakh) Table	Genesis 14:1b (NET)	Genesis 13:1b (NETS) Table	Genesis 13:1b (English Elpenor)
there is none that doeth good (טֽוֹב).	none of them does what is right (ṭôḇ, טוב).	there is no one practicing kindness (χρηστότητα); there is not even one.	there is none that does goodness (χρηστότητα), there is not even so much as one.

The phrase there is not even one (NETS), there is not even so much as one (English Elpenor), acknowledged by Paul as not even one (NET) is missing from the Masoretic text. The translation of טֽוֹב (ṭôḇ) good in the Tanakh is completely acceptable. The first two occurrences of טֽוֹב follow:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 1:4a (Tanakh) Table	Genesis 1:4a (NET)	Genesis 1:4a (NETS) Table	Genesis 1:4a (English Elpenor)
And G-d saw the light, that it was good (ט֑וֹב);	God saw that the light was good (ṭôḇ, טוב),	And God saw the light, that it was good (καλόν).	And God saw the light that it was good (καλόν),

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 1:10c (Tanakh) Table	Genesis 1:10c (NET)	Genesis 1:10c (NETS) Table	Genesis 1:10c (English Elpenor)
and G-d saw that it was good (טֽוֹב).	God saw that it was good (ṭôḇ, טוב).	And God saw that it was good (καλόν).	and God saw that it was good (καλόν).

I’ll call this the mechanical translation, not to demean it. On the contrary, when I began this study I was pedantic enough to favor the mechanical translation over all others. This study has broadened my thinking some. Notice the translators of the NET didn’t choose the mechanical translation good. Their translation right reveals an awareness of Paul’s righteous, even as it answers the question: what is good? The answer right alludes to the law: God’s law is good; obey his law.

The translators of the Septuagint chose καλόν (a form of καλός) for טֽוֹב (ṭôḇ) in Genesis. This is the “beautiful good” I’ve considered before in the New Testament. But they didn’t choose the mechanical translation in Psalm 14:1b either.

The rabbis who translated the Septuagint seem to have answered the same question: What is the beautiful good? Their answer χρηστότης also reflects their attitude toward the law: “gentleness, goodness, kindness, generosity, uprightness.”

Paul, I think, took this opportunity to answer a different question: Why is there none that doeth good? There is no one righteous, not even one (οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς). That answer makes this more of an allusion to, than a quotation of, Psalm 14:1b.

The Greek of Paul’s quotation (NET note 14) from Psalm 14:2 is contrasted to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:11 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἔστιν \|ὁ\| συνίων, οὐκ ἔστιν \|ὁ\| ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν	τοῦ ἰδεῗν εἰ ἔστιν συνίων ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν [Table]	τοῦ ἰδεῖν εἰ ἔστι συνιὼν ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν
Romans 3:11 (NET)	Psalm 13:2 (NETS)	Psalm 13:2 (English Elpenor)
there is no one who understands;, there is no one who seeks God.	to see if there was any who had understanding or who sought after God.	to see if there were any that understood, or sought after god.

The Greek of Paul’s quotation (NET note 14) from Psalm 14:3a is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:12 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3a (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3a (Septuagint Elpenor)
πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν· οὐκ ἔστιν \|ὁ\| ποιῶν χρηστότητα, [οὐκ ἔστιν] ἕως ἑνός.	πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός [Table]	πάντες ἐξέκλιναν, ἅμα ἠχρειώθησαν, οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός
Romans 3:12 (NET)	Psalm 13:3 (NETS)	Psalm 13:3a (English Elpenor)
All have turned away;, together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”	All turned away, as well they became useless; there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one.	They are all gone out of the way, they are together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one.

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3b (13:3b) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:13 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3b (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν, ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν	τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῗς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν [Table]	τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὑτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν· ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν
Romans 3:13 (NET)	Psalm 13:3b (NETS)	Psalm 13:3b (English Elpenor)
“Their throats are open graves;, they deceive with their tongues;, the poison of asps is under their lips.”		Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips:

NET note 16 claimed that this was a quotation from Psalms 5:9 and 140:3.

Romans 3:13 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 5:9b (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 5:10b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν, ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν	τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῗς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν	τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν
	Psalm 140:3b (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 139:4b (Septuagint Elpenor)
	ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν	ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν
Romans 3:13 (NET)	Psalm 5:10b (NETS)	Psalm 5:10b (English Elpenor)
“Their throats are open graves;, they deceive with their tongues;, the poison of asps is under their lips.”	their throat is an opened grave; with their tongues they would practice deceit.	their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit.
	Psalm 139:4b (NETS)	Psalm 139:4b (English Elpenor)
	venom of vipers is under their lips.	the poison of asps is under their lips.

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3c (13:3c) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:14 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3c (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3c (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει	ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει [Table]	ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει
Romans 3:14 (NET)	Psalm 13:3c (NETS)	Psalm 13:3c (English Elpenor)
“Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”		whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness;

NET note 18 claimed that this was a quotation from Psalm 10:7.

Romans 3:14 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 10:7a (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 9:28a (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει	οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας	οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας
Romans 3:14 (NET)	Psalm 9:28a (NETS)	Psalm 9:28a (English Elpenor)
“Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”	him whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness	Whose mouth is full of cursing, and bitterness,

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3d (13:3d) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:15 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3d (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3d (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα	ὀξεῗς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα [Table]	ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα
Romans 3:15 (NET)	Psalm 13:3d (NETS)	Psalm 13:3d (English Elpenor)
“Their feet are swift to shed blood;,		their feet are swift to shed blood:

NET note 19 claimed that this was a quotation from Isaiah 59:7.

Romans 3:15 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Isaiah 59:7a (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:7a (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα	οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσιν ταχινοὶ ἐκχέαι αἷμα	οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσι, ταχινοὶ ἐκχέαι αἷμα
Romans 3:15 (NET)	Isaiah 59:7a (NETS)	Isaiah 59:7a (English Elpenor)
“Their feet are swift to shed blood;,	And their feet run to evil, swift to shed blood,	And their feet run to wickedness, swift to shed blood;

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3e (13:3e) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:16 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3e (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3e (Septuagint Elpenor)
σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν	σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν [Table]	σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
Romans 3:16 (NET)	Psalm 13:3e (NETS)	Psalm 13:3e (English Elpenor)
ruin and misery are in their paths,		destruction and misery are in their ways;

NET note 19 claimed that this was a quotation from Isaiah 59:7.

Romans 3:16 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Isaiah 59:7c (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:7c (Septuagint Elpenor)
σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν	σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν	σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
Romans 3:16 (NET)	Isaiah 59:7c (NETS)	Isaiah 59:7c (English Elpenor)
ruin and misery are in their paths,	destruction and wretchedness are in their ways.	destruction and misery are in their ways;

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3f (13:3f) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:17 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3f (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3f (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν	καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν [Table]	καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν
Romans 3:17 (NET)	Psalm 13:3f (NETS)	Psalm 13:3f (English Elpenor)
and the way of peace they have not known.”		and the way of peace they have not known:

NET note 19 claimed that this was a quotation from Isaiah 59:8.

Romans 3:17 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Isaiah 59:8a (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:8a (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν	καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασιν	καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασι
Romans 3:17 (NET)	Isaiah 59:8a (NETS)	Isaiah 59:8a (English Elpenor)
and the way of peace they have not known.”	And a way of peace they do not know,	and the way of peace they know not,

The Greek of Paul’s quotation from Psalm 14:3g (13:3g) is compared to the BLB and Elpenor Septuagint below:

Romans 3:18 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 14:3g (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 13:3g (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν	οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν [Table]	οὐκ ἔστι φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν
Romans 3:18 (NET)	Psalm 13:3g (NETS)	Psalm 13:3g (English Elpenor)
“There is no fear of God before their eyes.”		there is no fear of God before their eyes.

NET note 20 claimed that this was a quotation from Psalm 36:1.

Romans 3:18 (NET Parallel Greek Text)	Psalm 36:1b (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 35:2b (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν	οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ	οὐκ ἔστι φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ
Romans 3:18 (NET)	Psalm 35:2b (NETS)	Psalm 35:2b (English Elpenor)
“There is no fear of God before their eyes.”	there is no fear of the divine before his eyes,	there is no fear of God before their eyes.

Tables comparing Psalm 5:9; 140:3; 10:7; Isaiah 59:7; 59:8 and Psalm 36:1 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Psalm 5:9 (5:10); 140:3 (139:4); 10:7 (9:28); Isaiah 59:7; 59:8 and Psalm 36:1 (35:1, 2) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing Luke 11:44 in the KJV and NET follow.

Psalm 5:9 (Tanakh)	Psalm 5:9 (KJV)	Psalm 5:9 (NET)
For there is no faithfulness in their mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with their tongue.	For there is no faithfulness in their mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with their tongue.	For they do not speak the truth; their stomachs are like the place of destruction, their throats like an open grave, their tongues like a steep slope leading into it.

Psalm 5:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 5:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν ἀλήθεια ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν ματαία τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῗς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν	ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν ἀλήθεια, ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν ματαία· τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν
Psalm 5:10 (NETS)	Psalm 5:10 (English Elpenor)
Because there is no truth in their mouth, their heart is vain; their throat is an opened grave; with their tongues they would practice deceit.	For there is no truth in their mouth; their heart is vain; their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit.

Psalm 140:3 (Tanakh)	Psalm 140:3 (KJV)	Psalm 140:3 (NET)
They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders’ poison is under their lips. Selah.	They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders’ poison is under their lips. Selah.	Their tongues wound like a serpent; a viper’s venom is behind their lips. (Selah)

Psalm 140:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 139:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἠκόνησαν γλῶσσαν αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ ὄφεως ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν διάψαλμα	ἠκόνησαν γλῶσσαν αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ ὄφεως, ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν (διάψαλμα)
Psalm 139:4 (NETS)	Psalm 139:4 (English Elpenor)
They made their tongue sharp as a snake’s; venom of vipers is under their lips. Interlude on strings	They have sharpened their tongue as [the tongue] of a serpent; the poison of asps is under their lips. Pause.

Psalm 10:7 (Tanakh)	Psalm 10:7 (KJV)	Psalm 10:7 (NET)
His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity.	His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity.	His mouth is full of curses and deceptive, harmful words; his tongue injures and destroys.

Psalm 10:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 9:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας καὶ δόλου ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ κόπος καὶ πόνος	οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας καὶ δόλου, ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ κόπος καὶ πόνος
Psalm 9:28 (NETS)	Psalm 9:28 (English Elpenor)
him whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness and deceit; under his tongue are grief and hardship.	Whose mouth is full of cursing, and bitterness, and fraud: under his tongue are trouble and pain.

Isaiah 59:7 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 59:7 (KJV)	Isaiah 59:7 (NET)
Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths.	Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths.	They are eager to do evil, quick to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful; they crush and destroy.

Isaiah 59:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσιν ταχινοὶ ἐκχέαι αἷμα καὶ οἱ διαλογισμοὶ αὐτῶν διαλογισμοὶ ἀφρόνων σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν	οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσι, ταχινοὶ ἐκχέαι αἷμα· καὶ οἱ διαλογισμοὶ αὐτῶν διαλογισμοὶ ἀφρόνων, σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
Isaiah 59:7 (NETS)	Isaiah 59:7 (English Elpenor)
And their feet run to evil, swift to shed blood, and their reasonings are reasonings of fools; destruction and wretchedness are in their ways.	And their feet run to wickedness, swift to shed blood; their thoughts also are thoughts of murder; destruction and misery are in their ways;

Isaiah 59:8 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 59:8 (KJV)	Isaiah 59:8 (NET)
The way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace.	The way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace.	They are unfamiliar with peace; their deeds are unjust. They use deceitful methods, and whoever deals with them is unfamiliar with peace.

Isaiah 59:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν κρίσις ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν αἱ γὰρ τρίβοι αὐτῶν διεστραμμέναι ἃς διοδεύουσιν καὶ οὐκ οἴδασιν εἰρήνην	καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασι, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι κρίσις ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν· αἱ γὰρ τρίβοι αὐτῶν διεστραμμέναι, ἃς διοδεύουσι, καὶ οὐκ οἴδασιν εἰρήνην
Isaiah 59:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 59:8 (English Elpenor)
And a way of peace they do not know, and there is no judgment in their ways, for their paths, through which they travel, are crooked, and they do not no peace.	and the way of peace they know not, neither is there judgment in their ways; for their paths by which they go are crooked, and they know not peace.

Psalm 36:1 (Tanakh)	Psalm 36:1 (KJV)	Psalm 36:1 (NET)
The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes.	The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes.	For the music director, an oracle, written by the Lord’s servant David. An evil man is rebellious to the core. He does not fear God,

Psalm 36:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 35:1, 2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἰς τὸ τέλος τῷ δούλῳ κυρίου τῷ Δαυιδ φησὶν ὁ παράνομος τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ	Εἰς τὸ τέλος· τῷ δούλῳ Κυρίου τῷ Δαυΐδ – 2 ΦΗΣΙΝ ὁ παράνομος τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὐκ ἔστι φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ
Psalm 35:1, 2 (NETS)	Psalm 35:1, 2 (English Elpenor)
Regarding completion. Pertaining to the slave of the Lord, to Dauid. (2) Says the transgressor of the law in himself, in order to sin: there is no fear of the divine before his eyes,	[For the end, by David the servant of the Lord.] 2 The transgressor, that he may sin, says within himself, [that] there is no fear of God before his eyes.

Luke 11:44 (NET)	Luke 11:44 (KJV)
Woe to you! You are like unmarked graves, and people walk over them without realizing it!”	Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are as graves which appear not, and the men that walk over them are not aware of them.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἐστὲ ὡς τὰ μνημεῖα τὰ ἄδηλα, καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι [οἱ] περιπατοῦντες ἐπάνω οὐκ οἴδασιν	ουαι υμιν γραμματεις και φαρισαιοι υποκριται οτι εστε ως τα μνημεια τα αδηλα και οι ανθρωποι οι περιπατουντες επανω ουκ οιδασιν	ουαι υμιν γραμματεις και φαρισαιοι υποκριται οτι εστε ως τα μνημεια τα αδηλα και οι ανθρωποι περιπατουντες επανω ουκ οιδασιν

Romans, Part 15

Back to Romans, Part 14

Back to Hannah’s Prayer, Part 1

Back to Who Am I? Part 10

Back to Cult Prostitutes

Back to Psalm 22, Part 8

Back to Westworld, Part 4

¹ Isaiah 59:7 Septuagint

² John 8:27 (NET)

³ Luke 11:44 (NET)

Romans, Part 14

Posted on August 24, 2012 by admin

But if our (ἡμῶν) unrighteousness demonstrates (συνίστησιν, a form of συνιστάω) the righteousness of God, Paul continued, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.)¹ This is similar, though not identical, to a concern Paul addressed later in his letter to the Romans (Romans 9:22-24 NET):

But what if God, willing to demonstrate (ἐνδείξασθαι, a form of ἐνδείκνυμι) his wrath and to make known (γνωρίσαι, a form of γνωρίζω) his power, has endured with much patience the objects of wrath prepared for destruction? And what if he is willing to make known (γνωρίσῃ, another form of γνωρίζω) the wealth of his glory on the objects of mercy that he has prepared beforehand for glory – even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?

In the latter example there is no question about God’s righteousness when inflicting wrath, but these two are joined in my opinion as some of the implications of faith comes by hearing (ἀκοῆς, a form of ἀκοή), and hearing comes by God (or Christ) uttering, “hear,” that Paul worked through in this letter. Paul’s differentiation of the objects of wrath from the objects of mercy, whom [God] has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles, and the caveat in Romans 3:5—I am speaking in human terms—leads me to the conclusion that our unrighteousness is an example of Paul identifying with every human being from Romans 3:4 (NET),² in particular those who have not yet been told to “hear.”

And I seriously question the translation of συνίστησιν (a form of συνιστάω) as demonstrates here. It seems to me the translators are trying to make the question as obtuse as possible. To demonstrate is to “clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence,” or to “give a practical exhibition and explanation of” something. Clearly the unrighteousness of those who have no faith because they do not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear” to them will never show the existence or truth of the righteousness of God by giving proof or evidence. Neither will their unrighteousness give a practical exhibition and explanation of God’s righteousness.

In the King James translation the word commend was used for συνίστησιν. One of the definitions of commend is to “present as suitable for approval or acceptance.” Now, the unrighteousness of those who have no faith because they do not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear” to them might very well commend the righteousness of God if the two are presented side by side for comparison and contrast. So then I have a real question: If the unrighteousness of those who have no faith because they do not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear” to them commends the righteousness of God, is God unrighteous when he inflicts wrath on them?

Absolutely not! Paul said unequivocally. For otherwise how could God judge (κρινεῖ, a form of κρίνω) the world?³ Paul already stated that there is no partiality⁴ with God. For all who have sinned apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.⁵ None of that changes because the hearing that is so crucial to faith in Christ comes from God rather than from some special insight or intelligence or virtue in those who hear and believe the message.

For if by my lie, Paul continued, the truth of God enhances (ἐπερίσσευσεν, a form of περισσεύω) his glory (δόξαν, a form of δόξα), why am I still actually being judged (κρίνομαι, another form of κρίνω ) as a sinner?⁶ I think it is safe to assume that Paul was still speaking in human terms.⁷ But I want to entertain the question. After all, one of the reasons Paul gave for the wrath of God in the first chapter of Romans was they did not glorify (ἐδόξασαν, a form of δοξάζω) him as God.⁸ And here is God’s glory (δόξαν, a form of δόξα) being enhanced by the truth of God in juxtaposition to the lie of one who has no faith because he does not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear.”

I criticize the NET translators often without any standing to do so. So I want to make a point of saying I think they have it exactly right here. It is the truth of God which enhances his glory, not the lie. The answer is in the question. The one who has no faith because he does not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear,” is judged as a sinner precisely because of the truth of God, for sinner he is.

Paul was laying the groundwork for a statement that occurs later in his letter to the Romans: But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply (ἐπερίσσευσεν, a form of περισσεύω) to the many!⁹ The fact that God is gracious does not alter the fact that the one who has no faith because he does not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear,” is a sinner. And it certainly doesn’t mean that sinning is a good way to enhance (ἐπερίσσευσεν) or multiply (ἐπερίσσευσεν) the grace of God.

And why not say, Paul continued, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”? – as some who slander us allege that we say.¹⁰ Paul switched roles abruptly here, from identifying with those who have no faith because they do not hear the message of Christ because He has not yet uttered “hear,” to those who have faith because they hear the message of Christ because He has uttered “hear.”

Apparently there were Jews, slanderers or blasphemers of the believers in Christ, who alleged that the Gospel message was, Let us do evil so that good may come of it. The Jewish leaders assumed that Jesus was not of God because He healed on the Sabbath and called God his Father.¹¹ A disciple is not greater than his teacher, Jesus said, nor a slave greater than his master. It is enough for the disciple to become like his teacher, and the slave like his master. If they have called the head of the house ‘Beelzebul,’ how much more will they defame the members of his household!¹² Paul answered those slanderers or blasphemers curtly but factually, Their condemnation is deserved!¹³

What then? Are we better than they?¹⁴ I quoted from the New King James translation for a reason. I believe Paul was saying, “What then? Are we, who have faith because we hear the message of Christ because He has uttered ‘hear,’ better than they whose condemnation is deserved?” The NET renders it, What then? Are we better off?¹⁵ It may seem nitpicky but I would say, “Yes, those who have faith because they hear the message of Christ because He has uttered ‘hear’ are much better off than those whose condemnation is deserved, because they won’t receive the condemnation they also deserve.” But are they better, holding themselves before those whose condemnation is deserved? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin…¹⁶

Now, some translations¹⁷ that use better off, also assume that Paul was identifying with Jews here and add that to the text: Does it mean that we Jews are better off than the Gentiles?¹⁸ In that case, better and better off are essentially equivalent. But then the slanderers or blasphemers would have been Gentiles who accused Jews of preaching “Let us do evil so that good may come of it.” Granted Paul did write Jews and Greeks, but I assume that to be a literary way of saying all (or, no one) like the Old Testament quotations that follow (Romans 3:10-18 NET):

…just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one, there is no one who understands, there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one [Table].” “Their throats are open graves, they deceive with their tongues, the poison of asps is under their lips.” “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” “Their feet are swift to shed blood, ruin and misery are in their paths, and the way of peace they have not known.” “There is no fear of God before their eyes.”

Addendum: March 24, 2021
A table comparing Romans 2:11 in the NET and KJV follows.

Romans 2:11 (NET)	Romans 2:11 (KJV)
For there is no partiality with God.	For there is no respect of persons with God.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
οὐ γάρ ἐστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ	ου γαρ εστιν προσωποληψια παρα τω θεω	ου γαρ εστιν προσωποληψια παρα τω θεω

Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 3:10-18

Romans, Part 15

Back to Romans, Part 9

Back to A Shadow of the Good Things, Part 2

Back to The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 2

¹ Romans 3:5 (NET)

² …every human being shown up as a liar… Table

³ Romans 3:6 (NET)

⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had προσωπολημψία here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προσωποληψια (KJV: respect of persons).

⁵ Romans 2:11, 12 (NET)

⁶ Romans 3:7 (NET)

⁷ Romans 3:5 (NET)

⁸ Romans 1:21 (NET) Table

⁹ Romans 5:15 (NET)

¹⁰ Romans 3:8 (NET)

¹¹ John 5:18 (NET)

¹² Matthew 10:24, 25 (NET)

¹³ Romans 3:8 (NET)

¹⁴ Romans 3:9a (NKJV)

¹⁵ Romans 3:9a (NET)

¹⁶ Romans 3:9b (NET)

¹⁷ The New American Bible is interesting in that the translators recognized the problem of better off and addressed it in the verse by changing the answer: Well, then, are we better off? Not entirely, for we have already brought the charge against Jews and Greeks alike that they are all under the domination of sin… Romans 3:9 (NAB)

¹⁸ Romans 3:9 (CEV)

David’s Forgiveness, Part 8

Posted on August 22, 2012 by admin

When I studied the Bible looking for rules to obey I was the project, and I was in charge of my reform efforts. I determined which rules to obey and which didn’t apply to me. I didn’t necessarily see it that way at the time. I thought I was doing it all for God’s sake. But when I began to study the Bible to know Him, and Jesus Christ whom He sent,¹ I was distracted. I couldn’t stay so focused on myself. Oh, I’m still the project. But now I’m God’s project and He is in charge of the reform effort. Here is a case in point.

In the last essay I began to consider whether I could believe that David exercised some form of Do not judge so that you will not be judged² with his son when he suspected something amiss in Absalom’s request regarding Amnon. I wondered if the Lord regarded that as something after his own heart.³ But the more I thought about it, the more I disliked the idea. In my resistance to it I was unmasked. The main reason I don’t want to believe that David exercised some form of Do not judge so that you will not be judged with Absalom was that it didn’t work. Absalom killed Amnon anyway. And I know the rest of the story. It didn’t even work in the long run on Absalom. It didn’t deliver the goods.

I don’t want to be like [my] Father in heaven, [who] causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous,⁴ not really, not if it doesn’t work out. And I want to see it work out. I don’t want to walk by faith on something like this. And, frankly, I didn’t know that about myself when I began the previous essay. I don’t know how to change that about myself now.

I know that I used to object to not judging others because those “others” would think they were putting something over on me, that I didn’t know what they were really thinking. They would think I was stupid, and I’d, you know, come off like a dolt. I probably still feel that way somewhere inside, considering the way I analyzed David’s actions or inactions. I just can’t muster whatever it would take to use that as an objection anymore.

Whether Absalom thought he was right to kill Amnon or not, once the deed was done he fled and went to King Talmai son of Ammihud of Geshur,⁵ his mother Maacah’s father. David grieved for another firstborn son, his actual firstborn, Amnon born to Ahinoam the Jezreelite. Absalom was banished to Geshur for three years. David longed to go to Absalom, for he had since been consoled over the death of Amnon.⁶

This longing was certainly something dear to God’s heart. [Addendum 3/12/2021: In the Septuagint this is described as the easing of a longing against Absalom.] Ephraim is my firstborn son,⁷ God spoke through Jeremiah. This is the name used by the prophets to personify the northern kingdom of Israel that rebelled against Solomon’s son Rehoboam. Ephraim has attached himself to idols; Do not go near him!⁸ The Lord had a lot to say about Ephraim.

I know Ephraim all too well; the evil of Israel is not hidden from me. For you have engaged in prostitution (Septuagint: ἐξεπόρνευσεν, a form of ἐκπορνεύω), O Ephraim; Israel has defiled itself. Their wicked deeds do not allow them to return to their God; because a spirit of idolatry (Septuagint: πορνείας) controls their heart, and they do not acknowledge the Lord.⁹ Within sixty-five years Ephraim will no longer exist as a nation.¹⁰ Ephraim will be ruined in the day of judgment!¹¹ Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed under judgment, because he was determined to pursue worthless idols.¹²

Whenever I want to heal Israel, the Lord continued, the sin of Ephraim is revealed, and the evil deeds of Samaria [the capital of the northern kingdom] are exposed. For they do what is wrong; thieves break into houses, and gangs rob people out in the streets. They do not realize that I remember all of their wicked deeds. Their evil deeds have now surrounded them; their sinful deeds are always before me.¹³ Although Ephraim has built many altars for sin offerings, these have become altars for sinning! I spelled out my law for him in great detail, but they regard it as something totally unknown to them!¹⁴

I can’t imagine a parent who can’t hear God’s hurt and yearning, it was I who led Ephraim, I took them by the arm; but they did not acknowledge that I had healed them.¹⁵ How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel?…I have had a change of heart! All my tender compassions are aroused!¹⁶

Just as Jonadab couldn’t bear to see Amnon’s longing without offering him advice to ensnare Tamar,¹⁷ Joab was so moved by David’s longing for Absalom he hired an actress. Pretend to be in mourning, Joab instructed her, and put on garments for mourning. Don’t anoint yourself with oil. Instead, act like a woman who has been mourning for the dead for some time. Go to the king and speak to him in the following fashion.¹⁸

The actress claimed to be a widow who had two sons. They got into a fight out in the field where no one could separate them. One killed the other. Now the entire family has risen up against your servant, saying, “Turn over the one who struck down his brother, so that we can execute him and avenge the death of his brother whom he killed.”¹⁹ There would be no one then to carry on the name of her husband. Go to your home, David said. I will give instructions concerning your situation.²⁰

The actress wasn’t satisfied with his answer. She pressed him further, and David said, Bring to me whoever speaks to you, and he won’t bother you again!²¹ Still, the actress wasn’t satisfied, In that case, let the king invoke the name of the Lord your God so that the avenger of blood may not kill! She wanted David to swear an oath. So David said, As surely as the Lord lives, not a single hair of your son’s head will fall to the ground.²² Then she blamed David for Absalom’s exile (2 Samuel 14:13-17 NET).

Why have you devised something like this against God’s people? When the king speaks in this fashion, he makes himself guilty, for the king has not brought back the one he has banished. Certainly we must die, and are like water spilled on the ground that cannot be gathered up again. But God does not take away life; instead he devises ways for the banished to be restored. I have now come to speak with my lord the king about this matter, because the people have made me fearful. But your servant said, “I will speak to the king! Perhaps the king will do what his female servant asks. Yes! The king may listen and deliver his female servant from the hand of the man who seeks to remove both me and my son from the inheritance God has given us!” So your servant said, “May the word of my lord the king be my security, for my lord the king is like the angel of God when it comes to deciding between right and wrong! May the Lord your God be with you!”

Joab schemed with the actress to trap and trick David as Nathan had done. Nathan was sent by God so that David would acknowledge and repent of his sin. The actress was sent by Joab so that David would follow his longing for Absalom to its logical conclusion. Did Joab put you up to all of this?²³ David asked the actress. When he learned the truth he wasn’t angry with Joab or the actress. He said to Joab, All right! I will do this thing! Go and bring back the young man Absalom!²⁴

Again, though David may appear foolish, he was a man after God’s own heart. He had an uncanny ability to see through all the commandments, laws, crimes and punishments to God’s loyal love and great compassion. A thousand years or so before Jesus spoke the parable, David demonstrated that he was not like the evil slave who was forgiven a great debt by his Lord but would not forgive his fellow slave a lesser debt. I forgave you all that debt because you begged me! Should you not have shown mercy to your fellow slave, just as I showed it to you?²⁵

Addendum: March 13, 2021
Tables comparing 2 Samuel 13:37; 13:39; Jeremiah 31:9; Hosea 4:17; 5:3; 5:4; Isaiah 7:8; Hosea 5:9; 5:11; 7:1; 7:2; 8:11; 8:12; 11:3; 11:8; 2 Samuel 14:2; 14:3; 14:7; 14:8; 14:10; 14:11; 14:13; 14:14; 14:15; 14:16; 14:17; 14:19 and 14:21 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:37; 13:39; Jeremiah 31:9 (38:9); Hosea 4:17; 5:3; 5:4; Isaiah 7:8; Hosea 5:9; 5:11; 7:1; 7:2; 8:11; 8:12; 11:3; 11:8; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 14:2; 14:3; 14:7; 14:8; 14:10; 14:11; 14:13; 14:14; 14:15; 14:16; 14:17; 14:19 and 14:21 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

2 Samuel 13:37 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:37 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:37 (NET)
But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai the son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.	But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai, the son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.	But Absalom fled and went to King Talmai son of Ammihud of Geshur. And David grieved over his son every day.

2 Samuel 13:37 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:37 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ Αβεσσαλωμ ἔφυγεν καὶ ἐπορεύθη πρὸς Θολμαι υἱὸν Εμιουδ βασιλέα Γεδσουρ εἰς γῆν Μαχαδ καὶ ἐπένθησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυιδ ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας	καὶ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἔφυγε καὶ ἐπορεύθη πρὸς Θολμὶ υἱὸν ᾿Εμιοὺδ βασιλέα Γεδσοὺρ εἰς γῆν Μαχάδ. καὶ ἐπένθησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυὶδ ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας
2 Reigns 13:37 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:37 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom fled and went to Tholmai son of Emioud, king of Gedsour, to the land of Machad. And King Dauid mourned for his son all the days.	But Abessalom fled, and went to Tholmi son of Emiud the king of Gedsur to the land of Chamaachad: and king David mourned for his son continually.

2 Samuel 13:39 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:39 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:39 (NET)
And the soul of king David failed with longing for Absalom; for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead.	And the soul of king David longed to go forth unto Absalom: for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead.	The king longed to go to Absalom, for he had since been consoled over the death of Amnon.

2 Samuel 13:39 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:39 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκόπασεν τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἐξελθεῗν ὀπίσω Αβεσσαλωμ ὅτι παρεκλήθη ἐπὶ Αμνων ὅτι ἀπέθανεν	καὶ ἐκόπασε τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἐξελθεῖν ὀπίσω ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ, ὅτι παρεκλήθη ἐπὶ ᾿Αμνὼν ὅτι ἀπέθανε
2 Reigns 13:39 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:39 (English Elpenor)
And the spirit of the king ceased to go after Abessalom, for he was consoled over Amnon, that he had died.	And king David ceased to go out after Abessalom, for he was comforted concerning Amnon, touching his death.

Jeremiah 31:9 (Tanakh)	Jeremiah 31:9 (KJV)	Jeremiah 31:9 (NET)
They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.	They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.	They will come back shedding tears of contrition. I will bring them back praying prayers of repentance. I will lead them besides streams of water, along smooth paths where they will never stumble. I will do this because I am Israel’s father; Ephraim is my firstborn son.’

Jeremiah 31:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Jeremiah 38:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν κλαυθμῷ ἐξῆλθον καὶ ἐν παρακλήσει ἀνάξω αὐτοὺς αὐλίζων ἐπὶ διώρυγας ὑδάτων ἐν ὁδῷ ὀρθῇ καὶ οὐ μὴ πλανηθῶσιν ἐν αὐτῇ ὅτι ἐγενόμην τῷ Ισραηλ εἰς πατέρα καὶ Εφραιμ πρωτότοκός μού ἐστιν	ἐν κλαυθμῷ ἐξῆλθον, καὶ ἐν παρακλήσει ἀνάξω αὐτοὺς αὐλίζων ἐπὶ διώρυγας ὑδάτων ἐν ὁδῷ ὀρθῇ, καὶ οὐ μὴ πλανηθῶσιν ἐν αὐτῇ· ὅτι ἐγενόμην τῷ ᾿Ισραὴλ εἰς πατέρα, καὶ ᾿Εφραὶμ πρωτότοκός μού ἐστιν
Jeremiah 38:9 (NETS)	Jeremiah 38:9 (English Elpenor)
With weeping they went out, and with consolation I will bring them up, making them lodge by canals of waters in a straight road, and they shall not wander in it, because I became a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.	They went forth with weeping, and I will bring them back with consolation, causing them to lodge by the channels of waters in a straight way, and they shall not err in it: for I am become a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.

Hosea 4:17 (Tanakh)	Hosea 4:17 (KJV)	Hosea 4:17 (NET)
Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.	Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.	Ephraim has attached himself to idols; Do not go near him!

Hosea 4:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 4:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μέτοχος εἰδώλων Εφραιμ ἔθηκεν ἑαυτῷ σκάνδαλα	μέτοχος εἰδώλων ᾿Εφραὶμ ἔθηκεν ἑαυτῷ σκάνδαλα,
Hosea 4:17 (NETS)	Hosea 4:17 (English Elpenor)
Ephraim, an associate of idols, placed stumbling blocks against himself.	Ephraim, joined with idols, has laid stumbling-blocks in his own way.

Hosea 5:3 (Tanakh)	Hosea 5:3 (KJV)	Hosea 5:3 (NET)
I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled.	I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled.	I know Ephraim all too well; the evil of Israel is not hidden from me. For you have engaged in prostitution, O Ephraim; Israel has defiled itself.

Hosea 5:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 5:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐγὼ ἔγνων τὸν Εφραιμ καὶ Ισραηλ οὐκ ἄπεστιν ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ διότι νῦν ἐξεπόρνευσεν Εφραιμ ἐμιάνθη Ισραηλ	ἐγὼ ἔγνων τὸν ᾿Εφραίμ, καὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ οὐκ ἀπέστη ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ· διότι νῦν ἐξεπόρνευσεν ᾿Εφραίμ, ἐμιάνθη ᾿Ισραήλ
Hosea 5:3 (NETS)	Hosea 5:3 (English Elpenor)
I knew Ephraim, and Israel is not far from me; for now Ephraim has gone after whores; Israel has been defiled.	I know Ephraim, and Israel is not far from me: for now Ephraim has gone grievously a-whoring, Israel is defiled.

Hosea 5:4 (Tanakh)	Hosea 5:4 (KJV)	Hosea 5:4 (NET)
They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not known the LORD.	They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not known the LORD.	Their wicked deeds do not allow them to return to their God; for a spirit of idolatry is in them, and they do not acknowledge the Lord.

Hosea 5:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 5:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἔδωκαν τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν ὅτι πνεῦμα πορνείας ἐν αὐτοῗς ἐστιν τὸν δὲ κύριον οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν	οὐκ ἔδωκαν τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν αὐτῶν, ὅτι πνεῦμα πορνείας ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐστι, τὸν δὲ Κύριον οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν
Hosea 5:4 (NETS)	Hosea 5:4 (English Elpenor)
Their deliberations did not grant them to turn to their God, because a spirit of whoredom is within them, and they did not know the Lord.	They have not framed their counsels to return to their God, for the spirit of fornication is in them, and they have not known the Lord.

Isaiah 7:8 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 7:8 (KJV)	Isaiah 7:8 (NET)
For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people.	For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people.	For Syria’s leader is Damascus, and the leader of Damascus is Rezin. Within 65 years Ephraim will no longer exist as a nation.

Isaiah 7:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 7:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀλλ᾽ ἡ κεφαλὴ Αραμ Δαμασκός ἀλλ᾽ ἔτι ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν ἐκλείψει ἡ βασιλεία Εφραιμ ἀπὸ λαοῦ	ἀλλ᾿ ἡ κεφαλὴ ᾿Αρὰμ Δαμασκὸς καὶ ἡ κεφαλὴ Δαμασκοῦ Ῥασεὶμ – ἀλλ᾿ ἔτι ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν ἐκλείψει ἡ βασιλεία ᾿Εφραὶμ ἀπὸ λαοῦ
Isaiah 7:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 7:8 (English Elpenor)
But the head of Aram is Damascus, but yet within sixty-five years the kingdom of Ephraim will cease from being people.	But the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus, Rasim; and yet within sixty and five years the kingdom of Ephraim shall cease from [being] a people.

Hosea 5:9 (Tanakh)	Hosea 5:9 (KJV)	Hosea 5:9 (NET)
Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be.	Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be.	Ephraim will be ruined in the day of judgment. What I am declaring to the tribes of Israel will certainly take place!

Hosea 5:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 5:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
Εφραιμ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἐγένετο ἐν ἡμέραις ἐλέγχου ἐν ταῗς φυλαῗς τοῦ Ισραηλ ἔδειξα πιστά	Εφραὶμ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἐγένετο ἐν ἡμέραις ἐλέγχου· ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς τοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ ἔδειξα πιστά
Hosea 5:9 (NETS)	Hosea 5:9 (English Elpenor)
Ephraim has become an annihilation in the days of reproof; among the tribes of Israel, I have demonstrated things that are sure.	Ephraim has come to nought in the days of reproof: in the tribes of Israel I have shown faithful [dealings].

Hosea 5:11 (Tanakh)	Hosea 5:11 (KJV)	Hosea 5:11 (NET)
Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment.	Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment.	Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed under judgment, because he was determined to pursue worthless idols.

Hosea 5:11 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 5:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατεδυνάστευσεν Εφραιμ τὸν ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ κατεπάτησεν κρίμα ὅτι ἤρξατο πορεύεσθαι ὀπίσω τῶν ματαίων	κατεδυνάστευσεν ᾿Εφραὶμ τὸν ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ, κατεπάτησε κρίμα, ὅτι ἤρξατο πορεύεσθαι ὀπίσω τῶν ματαίων
Hosea 5:11 (NETS)	Hosea 5:11 (English Elpenor)
Ephraim has overpowered his opponent; he has trampled judgment, because he began to go after the vain things.	Ephraim has come to nought in the days of reproof: in the tribes of Israel I have shown faithful [dealings].

Hosea 7:1 (Tanakh)	Hosea 7:1 (KJV)	Hosea 7:1 (NET)
When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for they commit falsehood; and the thief cometh in, and the troop of robbers spoileth without.	When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for they commit falsehood; and the thief cometh in, and the troop of robbers spoileth without.	whenever I want to heal Israel, the sin of Ephraim is revealed, and the evil deeds of Samaria are exposed. For they do what is wrong; thieves break into houses, and gangs rob people out in the streets.

Hosea 7:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 6:11b-7:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν τῷ ἰάσασθαί με τὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ἡ ἀδικία Εφραιμ καὶ ἡ κακία Σαμαρείας ὅτι ἠργάσαντο ψευδῆ καὶ κλέπτης πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσελεύσεται ἐκδιδύσκων λῃστὴς ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ	6:11 ἐν τῷ ἰάσασθαί με τὸν ᾿Ισραήλ. 7:1 ΚΑΙ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ἡ ἀδικία ᾿Εφραὶμ καὶ ἡ κακία Σαμαρείας, ὅτι εἰργάσαντο ψευδῆ· καὶ κλέπτης πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσελεύσεται, ἐκδιδύσκων λῃστὴς ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ
Hosea 7:1 (NETS)	Hosea 6:11b-7:1 (English Elpenor)
when I heal Israel. And the injustice of Ephraim will be revealed, and the wickedness of Samaria, because they have performed lies. And a thief will come in to him, a bandit plundering in his way.	6:11 when I have healed Israel. 7:1 Then shall the iniquity of Ephraim be revealed, and the wickedness of Samaria; for they have wrought falsehood: and a thief shall come in to him, [even] a robber spoiling in his way;

Hosea 7:2 (Tanakh)	Hosea 7:2 (KJV)	Hosea 7:2 (NET)
And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.	And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.	They do not realize that I remember all their wicked deeds. Their evil deeds have now surrounded them; their sinful deeds are always before me.

Hosea 7:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 7:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅπως συνᾴδωσιν ὡς συνᾴδοντες τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν πάσας τὰς κακίας αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθην νῦν ἐκύκλωσεν αὐτοὺς τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν ἀπέναντι τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐγένοντο	ὅπως συνᾴδωσιν ὡς ᾄδοντες τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν. πάσας τὰς κακίας αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθην· νῦν ἐκύκλωσαν αὐτοὺς τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν, ἀπέναντι τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐγένοντο
Hosea 7:2 (NETS)	Hosea 7:2 (English Elpenor)
that they might sing together like those who sing together with their heart. Now their deliberations have surrounded them; they came before my face.	that they may concert together as [men] singing in their heart: I remember all their wickedness: now have their own counsels compassed them about; they came before my face.

Hosea 8:11 (Tanakh)	Hosea 8:11 (KJV)	Hosea 8:11 (NET)
Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin.	Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin.	Although Ephraim has built many altars for sin offerings, these have become altars for sinning.

Hosea 8:11 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 8:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι ἐπλήθυνεν Εφραιμ θυσιαστήρια εἰς ἁμαρτίας ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ θυσιαστήρια ἠγαπημένα	ὅτι ἐπλήθυνεν ᾿Εφραὶμ θυσιαστήρια, εἰς ἁμαρτίας ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ θυσιαστήρια ἠγαπημένα
Hosea 8:11 (NETS)	Hosea 8:11 (English Elpenor)
Because Ephraim multiplied altars, beloved altars became sins to him.	Because Ephraim has multiplied altars, [his] beloved altars are become sins to him.

Hosea 8:12 (Tanakh)	Hosea 8:12 (KJV)	Hosea 8:12 (NET)
I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing.	I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing.	I spelled out my law for him in great detail, but they regard it as something totally unknown to them.

Hosea 8:12 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 8:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καταγράψω αὐτῷ πλῆθος καὶ τὰ νόμιμα αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀλλότρια ἐλογίσθησαν θυσιαστήρια τὰ ἠγαπημένα	καταγράψω αὐτῷ πλῆθος καὶ τὰ νόμιμα αὐτοῦ, εἰς ἀλλότρια ἐλογίσθησαν θυσιαστήρια τὰ ἠγαπημένα
Hosea 8:12 (NETS)	Hosea 8:12 (English Elpenor)
I shall engrave for him a multitude, even his precepts; the beloved altars were reckoned as foreign.	I will write down a multitude [of commands] for him; but his statutes are accounted strange things, [even] the beloved altars.

Hosea 11:3 (Tanakh)	Hosea 11:3 (KJV)	Hosea 11:3 (NET)
I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.	I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.	Yet it was I who led Ephraim; I took them by the arm, but they did not acknowledge that I had healed them.

Hosea 11:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 11:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγὼ συνεπόδισα τὸν Εφραιμ ἀνέλαβον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν βραχίονά μου καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ὅτι ἴαμαι αὐτούς	καὶ ἐγὼ συνεπόδισα τὸν ᾿Εφραίμ, ἀνέλαβον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν βραχίονά μου, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ὅτι ἴαμαι αὐτούς
Hosea 11:3 (NETS)	Hosea 11:3 (English Elpenor)
And it was I who bound the feet of Ephraim, took him upon my arm; and they did not know that I had healed them.	Yet I bound the feet of Ephraim, I took him on my arm; but they knew not that I healed them.

Hosea 11:8 (Tanakh)	Hosea 11:8 (KJV)	Hosea 11:8 (NET)
How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, Israel? how shall I make thee as Admah? how shall I set thee as Zeboim? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindled together.	How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, Israel? how shall I make thee as Admah? how shall I set thee as Zeboim? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindled together.	“How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel? How can I treat you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? I have had a change of heart. All my tender compassions are aroused.

Hosea 11:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 11:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τί σε διαθῶ Εφραιμ ὑπερασπιῶ σου Ισραηλ τί σε διαθῶ ὡς Αδαμα θήσομαί σε καὶ ὡς Σεβωιμ μετεστράφη ἡ καρδία μου ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ συνεταράχθη ἡ μεταμέλειά μου	τί σε διαθῶμαι, ᾿Εφραίμ; ὑπερασπιῶ σου, ᾿Ισραήλ; τί σε διαθῷ; ὡς ᾿Αδαμὰ θήσομαί σε καὶ ὡς Σεβνείμ; μετεστράφη ἡ καρδία μου ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ, συνεταράχθη ἡ μεταμέλειά μου
Hosea 11:8 (NETS)	Hosea 11:8 (English Elpenor)
How am I to deal with you, O Ephraim? Shall I shield you, O Israel? How am I to deal with you? Shall I make you like Adama and like Seboim? My heart has changed together; my sense of regret was disturbed.	How shall I deal with thee, Ephraim? [how] shall I protect thee, Israel? what shall I do with thee? I will make thee as Adama, and as Seboim; my heart is turned at once, my repentance is powerfully excited.

2 Samuel 14:2 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:2 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:2 (NET)
And Joab sent to Tekoa, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her: ‘I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on mourning apparel, I pray thee, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead;	And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead:	So Joab sent to Tekoa and brought from there a wise woman. He told her, “Pretend to be in mourning and put on garments for mourning. Don’t anoint yourself with oil. Instead, act like a woman who has been mourning for the dead for some time.

2 Samuel 14:2 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ιωαβ εἰς Θεκωε καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐκεῗθεν γυναῗκα σοφὴν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτήν πένθησον δὴ καὶ ἔνδυσαι ἱμάτια πενθικὰ καὶ μὴ ἀλείψῃ ἔλαιον καὶ ἔσῃ ὡς γυνὴ πενθοῦσα ἐπὶ τεθνηκότι τοῦτο ἡμέρας πολλὰς	καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ᾿Ιωὰβ εἰς Θεκωέ, καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐκεῖθεν γυναῖκα σοφὴν καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτήν· πένθησον δὴ καὶ ἔνδυσαι ἱμάτια πενθικὰ καὶ μὴ ἀλείψῃ ἔλαιον καὶ ἔσῃ ὡς γυνὴ πενθοῦσα ἐπὶ τεθνηκότι τοῦτο ἡμέρας πολλὰς
2 Reigns 14:2 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:2 (English Elpenor)
And Joab sent to Thekoe and took from there a wise woman and said to her, “Do mourn, and put on mourning garments, and do not anoint yourself with oil, and you shall be as a woman mourning over one who has been dead here many days,	And Joab sent to Thecoe, and took thence a cunning woman, and said to her, Mourn, I pray thee, and put on mourning apparel, and anoint thee not with oil, and thou shalt be as a woman mourning for one that is dead thus for many days.

2 Samuel 14:3 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:3 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:3 (NET)
and go in to the king, and speak on this manner unto him.’ So Joab put the words in her mouth.	And come to the king, and speak on this manner unto him. So Joab put the words in her mouth.	Go to the king and speak to him in the following fashion.” Then Joab told her what to say.

2 Samuel 14:3 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐλεύσῃ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καὶ ἔθηκεν Ιωαβ τοὺς λόγους ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῆς	καὶ ἐλεύσῃ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο· καὶ ἔθηκεν ᾿Ιωὰβ τοὺς λόγους ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῆς
2 Reigns 14:3 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:3 (English Elpenor)
and you shall go to the king and speak to him according to this matter.” And Ioab put the words into her mouth.	And thou shalt go to the king, and speak to him according to this word. And Joab put the words in her mouth.

2 Samuel 14:7 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:7 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:7 (NET)
And, behold, the whole family is risen against thy handmaid, and they said: Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him for the life of his brother whom he slew, and so destroy the heir also. Thus will they quench my coal which is left, and will leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the face of the earth.’	And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth.	Now the entire family has risen up against your servant, saying, ‘Turn over the one who struck down his brother, so that we can execute him and avenge the death of his brother whom he killed. In so doing we will also destroy the heir.’ They want to extinguish my remaining coal, leaving no one on the face of the earth to carry on the name of my husband.”

2 Samuel 14:7 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπανέστη ὅλη ἡ πατριὰ πρὸς τὴν δούλην σου καὶ εἶπαν δὸς τὸν παίσαντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ θανατώσομεν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ οὗ ἀπέκτεινεν καὶ ἐξαροῦμεν καί γε τὸν κληρονόμον ὑμῶν καὶ σβέσουσιν τὸν ἄνθρακά μου τὸν καταλειφθέντα ὥστε μὴ θέσθαι τῷ ἀνδρί μου κατάλειμμα καὶ ὄνομα ἐπὶ προσώπου τῆς γῆς	καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπανέστη ὅλη ἡ πατριὰ πρὸς τὴν δούλην σου καὶ εἶπαν· δὸς τὸν παίσαντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ θανατώσομεν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, οὗ ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ ἐξαροῦμεν καί γε τὸν κληρονόμον ὑμῶν· καὶ σβέσουσι τὸν ἄνθρακά μου τὸν καταλειφθέντα, ὥστε μὴ θέσθαι τῷ ἀνδρί μου κατάλειμμα καὶ ὄνομα ἐπὶ προσώπου τῆς γῆς
2 Reigns 14:7 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:7 (English Elpenor)
And behold, the whole paternal family rose up against your slave, and they said, ‘Give up the one who struck his brother, and we will put him to death for the life of his brother whom he killed, and we will remove indeed your heir.’ And they will quench my ember that is left, so as not to establish for my husband remnant and name on the face of the earth.”	And behold the whole family rose up against thine handmaid, and they said, Give up the one that smote his brother, and we will put him to death for the life of his brother, whom he slew, and we will take away even your heir: so they will quench my coal that is left, so as not to leave my husband remnant or name on the face of the earth.

2 Samuel 14:8 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:8 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:8 (NET)
And the king said unto the woman: ‘Go to thy house, and I will give charge concerning thee.’	And the king said unto the woman, Go to thine house, and I will give charge concerning thee.	Then the king told the woman, “Go to your home. I will give instructions concerning your situation.”

2 Samuel 14:8 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς ὑγιαίνουσα βάδιζε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου κἀγὼ ἐντελοῦμαι περὶ σοῦ	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα· ὑγιαίνουσα βάδιζε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου, κἀγὼ ἐντελοῦμαι περὶ σοῦ
2 Reigns 14:8 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:8 (English Elpenor)
And the king said, “Proceed to your house in good health, and I will give command concerning you.”	And the king said to the woman, Go in peace to thy house, and I will give commandment concerning thee.

2 Samuel 14:10 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:10 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:10 (NET)
And the king said: ‘Whosoever saith aught unto thee, bring him to me, and he shall not touch thee any more.’	And the king said, Whosoever saith ought unto thee, bring him to me, and he shall not touch thee any more.	The king said, “Bring to me whoever speaks to you, and he won’t bother you again!”

2 Samuel 14:10 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς τίς ὁ λαλῶν πρὸς σέ καὶ ἄξεις αὐτὸν πρὸς ἐμέ καὶ οὐ προσθήσει ἔτι ἅψασθαι αὐτοῦ	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς· τίς ὁ λαλῶν πρός σε; καί ἄξεις αὐτὸν πρὸς ἐμέ, καὶ οὐ προσθήσει ἔτι ἅψασθαι αὐτοῦ
2 Reigns 14:10 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:10 (English Elpenor)
And the king said, “Who was speaking to you? You shall also bring him to me, and he shall not any longer touch him.”	And the king said, Who was it that spoke to thee? thou shalt even bring him to me, and [one] shall not touch him any more.

2 Samuel 14:11 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:11 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:11 (NET)
Then said she: ‘I pray thee, let the king remember HaShem thy G-d, that the avenger of blood destroy not any more, lest they destroy my son.’ And he said: ‘As HaShem liveth, there shall not one hair of thy son fall to the earth.’	Then said she, I pray thee, let the king remember the LORD thy God, that thou wouldest not suffer the revengers of blood to destroy any more, lest they destroy my son. And he said, As the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of thy son fall to the earth.	She replied, “In that case, let the king invoke the name of the Lord your God so that the avenger of blood may not add to the killing! Then they will not destroy my son!” He replied, “As surely as the Lord lives, not a single hair of your son’s head will fall to the ground.”

2 Samuel 14:11 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν μνημονευσάτω δὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν κύριον θεὸν αὐτοῦ πληθυνθῆναι ἀγχιστέα τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ διαφθεῗραι καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξάρωσιν τὸν υἱόν μου καὶ εἶπεν ζῇ κύριος εἰ πεσεῗται ἀπὸ τῆς τριχὸς τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	καὶ εἶπε· μνημονευσάτω δὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Κύριον Θεὸν αὐτοῦ πληθυνθῆναι ἀγχιστέα τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ διαφθεῖραι καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξάρωσι τὸν υἱόν μου· καὶ εἶπε· ζῇ Κύριος, εἰ πεσεῖται ἀπὸ τῆς τριχὸς τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν
2 Reigns 14:11 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:11 (English Elpenor)
And she said, “Do let the king keep the Lord, his God, in mind, that a next of kin of blood succeed in destroying him, and they shall not remove my son.” And he said, “The Lord lives, if a hair of your son shall fall on the ground!”	And she said, Let now the king remember concerning his Lord God in that the avenger of blood is multiplied to destroy, and let them not take away my son. And he said, [As] the Lord lives, not a hair of thy son shall fall to the ground.

2 Samuel 14:13 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:13 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:13 (NET)
And the woman said: ‘Wherefore then hast thou devised such a thing against the people of G-d? for in speaking this word the king is as one that is guilty, in that the king doth not fetch home again his banished one.	And the woman said, Wherefore then hast thou thought such a thing against the people of God? for the king doth speak this thing as one which is faulty, in that the king doth not fetch home again his banished.	The woman said, “Why have you devised something like this against God’s people? When the king speaks in this fashion, he makes himself guilty, for the king has not brought back the one he has banished.

2 Samuel 14:13 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή ἵνα τί ἐλογίσω τοιοῦτο ἐπὶ λαὸν θεοῦ ἦ ἐκ στόματος τοῦ βασιλέως ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὡς πλημμέλεια τοῦ μὴ ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα τὸν ἐξωσμένον αὐτοῦ	καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή· ἱνατί ἐλογίσω τοιοῦτο ἐπὶ λαὸν Θεοῦ; ἦ ἐκ στόματος τοῦ βασιλέως ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὡς πλημμέλεια τοῦ μὴ ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα τὸν ἐξωσμένον αὐτοῦ
2 Reigns 14:13 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:13 (English Elpenor)
And the woman said, “Why did you calculate such a thing against God’s people? Is this word out of the king’s mouth an error, inasmuch as the king did not bring back his own banished one?	And the woman said, Why hast thou devised this thing against the people of God? or [is] this word out of the king’s mouth as a transgression, so that the king should not bring back his banished?

2 Samuel 14:14 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:14 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:14 (NET)
For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth G-d respect any person; but let him devise means, that he that is banished be not an outcast from him.	For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person: yet doth he devise means, that his banished be not expelled from him.	Certainly we must die, and are like water spilled on the ground that cannot be gathered up again. But God does not take away life; instead he devises ways for the banished to be restored.

2 Samuel 14:14 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι θανάτῳ ἀποθανούμεθα καὶ ὥσπερ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ καταφερόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὃ οὐ συναχθήσεται καὶ λήμψεται ὁ θεὸς ψυχήν καὶ λογιζόμενος τοῦ ἐξῶσαι ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐξωσμένον	ὅτι θανάτῳ ἀποθανούμεθα, καὶ ὥσπερ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ καταφερόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὃ οὐ συναχθήσεται· καὶ λήψεται ὁ Θεὸς ψυχήν, καὶ λογιζόμενος τοῦ ἐξῶσαι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐξεωσμένον
2 Reigns 14:14 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:14 (English Elpenor)
For by death we shall die and be as water that is spilled on the ground, which shall not be gathered up. And God shall take a life, even as he calculates to banish a banished one from him.	For we shall surely die, and be as water poured upon the earth, which shall not be gathered up, and God shall take the life, even as he devises to thrust forth from him his outcast.

2 Samuel 14:15 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:15 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:15 (NET)
Now therefore seeing that I am come to speak this word unto my lord the king, it is because the people have made me afraid; and thy handmaid said: I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king will perform the request of his servant.	Now therefore that I am come to speak of this thing unto my lord the king, it is because the people have made me afraid: and thy handmaid said, I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king will perform the request of his handmaid.	I have now come to speak with my lord the king about this matter, because the people have made me fearful. But your servant said, ‘I will speak to the king! Perhaps the king will do what his female servant asks.

2 Samuel 14:15 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ νῦν ὃ ἦλθον λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν κύριόν μου τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο ὅτι ὄψεταί με ὁ λαός καὶ ἐρεῗ ἡ δούλη σου λαλησάτω δὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα εἴ πως ποιήσει ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς δούλης αὐτοῦ	καὶ νῦν ὃ ἦλθον λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν κύριόν μου τὸ ρῆμα τοῦτο, ὅτι ὄψεταί με ὁ λαός, καὶ ἐρεῖ ἡ δούλη σου· λαλησάτω δὴ πρὸς τὸν κύριόν μου τὸν βασιλέα, εἴπως ποιήσει ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸ ρῆμα τῆς δούλης αὐτοῦ
2 Reigns 14:15 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:15 (English Elpenor)
And now, what I came to say to the king my lord is this word, because the people will see me, and your slave will say, ‘Do let one speak to the king, if somehow the king will enact the word of his slave;	And now whereas I came to speak this word to my lord the king, [the reason is] that the people will see me, and thy handmaid will say, Let one now speak to my lord the king, if peradventure the king will perform the request of his handmaid;

2 Samuel 14:16 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:16 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:16 (NET)
For the king will hear, to deliver his servant out of the hand of the man that would destroy me and my son together out of the inheritance of G-d.	For the king will hear, to deliver his handmaid out of the hand of the man that would destroy me and my son together out of the inheritance of God.	Yes! The king may listen and deliver his female servant from the hand of the man who seeks to remove both me and my son from the inheritance God has given us!’

2 Samuel 14:16 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι ἀκούσει ὁ βασιλεὺς ῥύσασθαι τὴν δούλην αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοῦ ζητοῦντος ἐξᾶραί με καὶ τὸν υἱόν μου ἀπὸ κληρονομίας θεοῦ	ὅτι ἀκούσει ὁ βασιλεύς· ρυσάσθω τὴν δούλην αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοῦ ζητοῦντος ἐξᾶραί με καὶ τὸν υἱόν μου ἀπὸ κληρονομίας Θεοῦ
2 Reigns 14:16 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:16 (English Elpenor)
for the king will hear, and so to deliver his slave from the hand of the man who seeks to remove me and my son from a divine heritage.’”	for the king will hear. Let him rescue his handmaid out of the hand of the man that seeks to cast out me and my son from the inheritance of God.

2 Samuel 14:17 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:17 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:17 (NET)
Then thy handmaid said: Let, I pray thee, the word of my lord the king be for my comfort; for as an angel of G-d, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad; and HaShem thy G-d be with thee.’	Then thine handmaid said, The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable: for as an angel of God, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad: therefore the LORD thy God will be with thee.	So your servant said, ‘May the word of my lord the king be my security, for my lord the king is like the angel of God when it comes to deciding between right and wrong! May the Lord your God be with you!’”

2 Samuel 14:17 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή εἴη δὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου μου τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς θυσίαν ὅτι καθὼς ἄγγελος θεοῦ οὕτως ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ ἀκούειν τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ πονηρόν καὶ κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἔσται μετὰ σοῦ	καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή· εἴη δὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου μου τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς θυσίαν, ὅτι καθὼς ἄγγελος Θεοῦ, οὕτως ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ ἀκούειν τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ πονηρόν, καὶ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἔσται μετὰ σοῦ
2 Reigns 14:17 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:17 (English Elpenor)
And the woman said, “May the word of my lord the king indeed be as an offering, for as a divine angel, so is my lord the king, to hear the good and the evil, and the Lord your God shall be with you!”	And the woman said, If now the word of my lord the king be gracious,– [well]: for as an angel of God, so [is] my lord the king, to hear good and evil: and the Lord thy God shall be with thee.

2 Samuel 14:19 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:19 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:19 (NET)
And the king said: ‘Is the hand of Joab with thee in all this?’ And the woman answered and said: ‘As thy soul liveth, my lord the king, none can turn to the right hand or to the left from aught that my lord the king hath spoken; for thy servant Joab, he bade me, and he put all these words in the mouth of thy handmaid;	And the king said, Is not the hand of Joab with thee in all this? And the woman answered and said, As thy soul liveth, my lord the king, none can turn to the right hand or to the left from ought that my lord the king hath spoken: for thy servant Joab, he bade me, and he put all these words in the mouth of thine handmaid:	The king said, “Did Joab put you up to all of this?” The woman answered, “As surely as you live, my lord the king, there is no deviation to the right or to the left from all that my lord the king has said. For your servant Joab gave me instructions. He has put all these words in your servant’s mouth.

2 Samuel 14:19 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς μὴ ἡ χεὶρ Ιωαβ ἐν παντὶ τούτῳ μετὰ σοῦ καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ τῷ βασιλεῗ ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου κύριέ μου βασιλεῦ εἰ ἔστιν εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ ἢ εἰς τὰ ἀριστερὰ ἐκ πάντων ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεύς ὅτι ὁ δοῦλός σου Ιωαβ αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατό μοι καὶ αὐτὸς ἔθετο ἐν τῷ στόματι τῆς δούλης σου πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς· μὴ ἡ χεὶρ ᾿Ιωὰβ ἐν παντὶ τούτῳ μετὰ σοῦ; καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ τῷ βασιλεῖ· ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου, κύριέ μου βασιλεῦ, εἰ ἔστιν εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ ἢ εἰς τὰ ἀριστερὰ ἐκ πάντων, ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεύς, ὅτι ὁ δοῦλός σου ᾿Ιωὰβ αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατό μοι, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔθετο ἐν τῷ στόματι τῆς δούλης σου πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους
2 Reigns 14:19 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:19 (English Elpenor)
And the king said, “The hand of Ioab is not in all this with you, is it?” And the woman said to the king, “Your soul lives, my lord O king, if there is to the right or to the left from anything that my lord the king said! For your slave Ioab himself commanded me, and he himself put all these words in the mouth of your slave.	And the king said, [Is] not the hand of Joab in all this matter with thee? and the woman said to the king, [As] thy soul lives, my lord, O king, there is no turning to the right hand or to the left from all that my lord the king has spoken; for thy servant Joab himself charged me, and he put all these words in the mouth of thine handmaid.

2 Samuel 14:21 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 14:21 (KJV)	2 Samuel 14:21 (NET)
And the king said unto Joab: ‘Behold now, I have granted this request; go therefore, bring the young man Absalom back.’	And the king said unto Joab, Behold now, I have done this thing: go therefore, bring the young man Absalom again.	Then the king said to Joab, “All right! I will do this thing. Go and bring back the young man Absalom!”

2 Samuel 14:21 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 14:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Ιωαβ ἰδοὺ δὴ ἐποίησά σοι κατὰ τὸν λόγον σου τοῦτον πορεύου ἐπίστρεψον τὸ παιδάριον τὸν Αβεσσαλωμ	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς ᾿Ιωάβ· ἰδοὺ δὴ ἐποίησά σοι κατὰ τὸν λόγον σου τοῦτον· πορεύου, ἐπίστρεψον τὸ παιδάριον τὸν ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ
2 Reigns 14:21 (NETS)	2 Kings 14:21 (English Elpenor)
And the king said to Ioab, “Behold now, I acted for you according to this your word; go, bring back the lad Abessalom.”	And the king said to Joab, Behold now, I have done to thee according to this thy word: go, bring back the young man Abessalom.

David’s Forgiveness, Part 9

Back to Romans, Part 12

Back to David’s Forgiveness, Part 12

Back to Atonement, Part 1

Back to Adultery in the Prophets, Part 1

Back to Condemnation or Judgment? – Part 7

¹ John 17:3 (NET)

² Matthew 7:1 (NET)

³ Acts 13:22 (NET)

⁴ Matthew 5:45 (NET) Table

⁵ 2 Samuel 13:37 (NET)

⁶ 2 Samuel 13:39 (NET)

⁷ Jeremiah 31:9 (NET)

⁸ Hosea 4:17 (NET)

⁹ Hosea 5:3, 4 (NET)

¹⁰ Isaiah 7:8 (NET)

¹¹ Hosea 5:9 (NET)

¹² Hosea 5:11 (NET)

¹³ Hosea 7:1, 2 (NET)

¹⁴ Hosea 8:11, 12 (NET)

¹⁵ Hosea 11:3 (NET)

¹⁶ Hosea 11:8 (NET)

¹⁷ 2 Samuel 13:3-5 (NET)

¹⁸ 2 Samuel 14:2, 3 (NET)

¹⁹ 2 Samuel 14:7 (NET)

²⁰ 2 Samuel 14:8 (NET)

²¹ 2 Samuel 14:10 (NET)

²² 2 Samuel 14:11 (NET)

²³ 2 Samuel 14:19 (NET)

²⁴ 2 Samuel 14:21 (NET)

²⁵ Matthew 18:32, 33 (NET) Table

Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 10:5-8

Posted on August 21, 2012 by admin

Paul

Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint)

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

The one who does these things will live by them

Romans 10:5 (NET)

ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς

Leviticus 18:5 Table

ο ποιησας ανθρωπος ζησεται εν αυτη

Romans 10:5 Table

Do not say in your heart…

Romans 10:6 (NET)

μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου

Deuteronomy 9:4 Table

μη ειπης εν τη καρδια σου

Romans 10:6

Who will ascend into heaven?

Romans 10:6 (NET)

τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν

Deuteronomy 30:12 Table

τις αναβησεται εις τον ουρανον

Romans 10:6

Who will descend into the abyss?

Romans 10:7 (NET)

τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν [τῆς θαλάσσης]

Deuteronomy 30:13 Table

τις καταβησεται εις την αβυσσον

Romans 10:7

The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart

Romans 10:8 (NET)

ἔστιν σου ἐγγὺς τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ

Deuteronomy 30:14 Table

εγγυς σου το ρημα εστιν εν τω στοματι σου και εν τη καρδια

Romans 10:8

In Item #1 ἃ in the Septuagint is probably which, while ο in the parallel Greek text is the [Addendum 2/20/2021: the one who]. In Romans 10:2 (KJV) μαρτυρω γαρ αυτοις was translated For I bear them (αυτοις) record. The word them was left out of the NET translation (For I can testify), though αυτοις appears in the parallel Greek text as it does in the Septuagint. The word αυτη in Romans 10:5 was also translated them in both the NET and KJV. Both αυτοις (Leviticus 18:5 Septuagint) and αυτη (Romans 10:5 parallel Greek text) are forms of αὐτός. Bill Braun has significantly more to say about this on his site.¹

Item #2 is identical (except for accent marks) and would pass without comment if not for the rest of the verse. It is very interesting to me that Paul also had this passage on his mind (Deuteronomy 9:4-6 NET).

Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them [e.g., the people of Canaan] out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you [Table]. It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he made on oath to your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn people!

Item #3 in the Septuagint was translated, Who will ascend into heaven for us, in the New King James translation. Paul dropped the word ἡμῖν (for us).

Item #4 was translated, Who will go over the sea for us, in the New King James translation. Paul changed πέραν (other side) to αβυσσον (abyss). Paul may have been thinking of Jesus’ description of Hades. Abraham said to the rich man, Besides² all³ this, a great chasm (χάσμα) has been fixed between us, so that those who want to cross over (διαβῆναι, a form of διαβαίνω) from here⁴ to you cannot do so, and no one can cross (διαπερῶσιν, a form of διαπεράω) from there⁵ to us.⁶ For he also changed διαπεράσει (a form of διαπεράω, go over) to καταβησεται (descend). The changes obviously worked better with the symmetry of his message: or “Who will descend into the abyss?” (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).⁷

Item #5 is essentially the same except for word order in the beginning, and Paul dropped the word σφόδρα (very).

Addendum: February 21, 2021
The Free Bible Commentary by Dr. Bob Utley cited Romans 10:7 as an allusion to Psalm 107:26, sailors at sea in a storm.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 107:26 (Tanakh)	Psalm 107:26 (NET)	Psalm 106:26 (NETS)	Psalm 106:26 (English Elpenor)
They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths (תְהוֹמ֑וֹת): their soul is melted because of trouble.	They reached up to the sky, then dropped into the depths (tᵊhôm, תהומות). The sailors’ strength left them because the danger was so great.	They mount up as far as the heavens, and they go down as far as the depths (ἀβύσσων); their soul would melt away in calamity;	They go up to the heavens, and go down to the depths (ἀβύσσων); their soul melts because of troubles.

It does associate ἀβύσσων (a form of ἄβυσσος) with the sea. Dr. Utley considered Romans 10:6-8 “an allusion to Deut. 30:11-14 in the Septuagint (LXX), which Paul modified for his purposes.”

Tables comparing Deuteronomy 9:5; 9:6 and Psalm 107:26 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Deuteronomy 9:5; 9:6 and Psalm 107:26 (106:26) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing Luke 16:26 in the NET and KJV follow.

Deuteronomy 9:5 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 9:5 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 9:5 (NET)
Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thy heart, dost thou go in to possess their land; but for the wickedness of these nations HaShem thy G-d doth drive them out from before thee, and that He may establish the word which HaShem swore unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.	Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thine heart, dost thou go to possess their land: but for the wickedness of these nations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and that he may perform the word which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.	It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he made on oath to your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Deuteronomy 9:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 9:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐχὶ διὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν ὁσιότητα τῆς καρδίας σου σὺ εἰσπορεύῃ κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων κύριος ἐξολεθρεύσει αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου σου καὶ ἵνα στήσῃ τὴν διαθήκην αὐτοῦ ἣν ὤμοσεν τοῗς πατράσιν ὑμῶν τῷ Αβρααμ καὶ τῷ Ισαακ καὶ τῷ Ιακωβ	οὐχὶ διὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου, οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν ὁσιότητα τῆς καρδίας σου σὺ εἰσπορεύῃ κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων Κύριος ἐξολοθρεύσει αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου σου καὶ ἵνα στήσῃ τὴν διαθήκην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ὤμοσε Κύριος τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν, τῷ ῾Αβραὰμ καὶ τῷ ᾿Ισαὰκ καὶ τῷ ᾿Ιακώβ
Deuteronomy 9:5 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 9:5 (English Elpenor)
It is not because of your righteousness or the holiness of your heart that you are going to inherit their land, but because of the impiety of these nations the Lord will destroy them utterly before you, and in order that he may uphold the covenant that the Lord swore to your fathers, to Abraham and Isaak and Iakob.	Not for thy righteousness, nor for the holiness of thy heart, dost thou go in to inherit their land, but because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord will destroy them from before thee, and that he may establish the covenant, which the Lord sware to our fathers, to Abraam, and to Isaac, and to Jacob.

Deuteronomy 9:6 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 9:6 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 9:6 (NET)
Know therefore that it is not for thy righteousness that HaShem thy G-d giveth thee this good land to possess it; for thou art a stiffnecked people.	Understand therefore, that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this good land to possess it for thy righteousness; for thou art a stiffnecked people.	Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn people!

Deuteronomy 9:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 9:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ γνώσῃ σήμερον ὅτι οὐχὶ διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας σου κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην κληρονομῆσαι ὅτι λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος εἶ	καὶ γνώσῃ σήμερον ὅτι οὐχὶ διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας σου Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην κληρονομῆσαι, ὅτι λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος εἶ
Deuteronomy 9:6 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 9:6 (English Elpenor)
And you shall know, today, that it is not because of your righteousness the Lord your God is giving you this good land to inherit, for you are a stiff-necked people.	And thou shalt know to-day, that [it is] not for thy righteousnesses the Lord thy God gives thee this good land to inherit, or thou art a stiff-necked people.

Psalm 107:26 (Tanakh)	Psalm 107:26 (KJV)	Psalm 107:26 (NET)
They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble.	They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble.	They reached up to the sky, then dropped into the depths. The sailors’ strength left them because the danger was so great.

Psalm 107:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 106:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀναβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν ἀβύσσων ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν ἐν κακοῗς ἐτήκετο	ἀναβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν ἀβύσσων, ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν ἐν κακοῖς ἐτήκετο
Psalm 106:26 (NETS)	Psalm 106:26 (English Elpenor)
They mount up as far as the heavens, and they go down as far as the depths; their soul would melt away in calamity;	They go up to the heavens, and go down to the depths; their soul melts because of troubles.

Luke 16:26 (NET)	Luke 16:26 (KJV)
Besides all this, a great chasm has been fixed between us, so that those who want to cross over from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.’	And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις μεταξὺ ἡμῶν καὶ ὑμῶν χάσμα μέγα ἐστήρικται, ὅπως οἱ θέλοντες διαβῆναι ἔνθεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς μὴ δύνωνται, μηδὲ ἐκεῖθεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς διαπερῶσιν	και επι πασιν τουτοις μεταξυ ημων και υμων χασμα μεγα εστηρικται οπως οι θελοντες διαβηναι εντευθεν προς υμας μη δυνωνται μηδε οι εκειθεν προς ημας διαπερωσιν	και επι πασιν τουτοις μεταξυ ημων και υμων χασμα μεγα εστηρικται οπως οι θελοντες διαβηναι ενθεν προς υμας μη δυνωνται μηδε οι εκειθεν προς ημας διαπερωσιν

Romans, Part 14

Back to Romans, Part 13

Back to The Will of God – Jesus, Part 2

Back to Romans, Part 38

Back to Fear – Exodus, Part 9

Back to Torture, Part 5

Back to The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 8

¹ This site is no longer accessible online.

² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επι (KJV: beside).

³ The NET parallel Greek text had πᾶσι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA²⁸ had πασιν.

⁴ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had ἔνθεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had εντευθεν (KJV: from hence).

⁵ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οι preceding from there. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁶ Luke 16:26 (NET)

⁷ Romans 10:7 (NET)

Romans, Part 13

Posted on August 20, 2012 by admin

Therefore what advantage (περισσὸν, a form of περισσός) does the Jew have,¹ Paul asked. The word translated advantage (περισσὸν) is also found in Jesus’ saying, I have come so that they may have life, and may have it abundantly (περισσὸν, a form of περισσός).² Paul continued, or what is the value (ὠφέλεια) of circumcision?³ The Greek word ὠφέλεια was only used here and once more negatively by Jude (ὠφελείας, a form of ὠφέλεια; for their own gain), but it comes from ὠφέλιμος.

For “physical exercise has some value (ὠφέλιμος),” Paul wrote Timothy, “but godliness is valuable (ὠφέλιμος) in every way. It holds promise for the present life and for the life to come.”⁴ Every scripture is inspired by God and useful (ὠφέλιμος) for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness [Table], that the person dedicated to God may be capable and equipped for every good work.⁵ To Titus Paul wrote, This saying is trustworthy, and I want you to insist on such truths, so that those who have placed their faith in God⁶ may be intent on engaging in good works. These things are good⁷ and beneficial (ὠφέλιμα, a form of ὠφέλιμος) for all people.⁸

So again, there is a mini-Gospel lesson embedded in the words περισσός and ὠφέλιμος, waiting for anyone who wants to know what advantage (περισσὸν, a form of περισσός) Jews have or what the value (ὠφέλεια) of circumcision is.

Actually, there are many advantages (literally, “much in every way”). First of all,⁹ the Jews were entrusted (ἐπιστεύθησαν, a form of πιστεύω) with the oracles (λόγια, a form of λόγιον) of God.¹⁰ And in this they were faithful, the right people for the job—mission accomplished. When I consider the wars and conquests, the captivities and apostasies, and how often it would have been easier and seemed more advantageous to lose or alter those words to make them more accommodating to the times, or at least a little more flattering to the people…I can only say, thank you.

Paul moved directly to another question, and let the advantages the Jews have and the value of circumcision drop. He listed them later in a context where they might be missed. To them belong the adoption as sons, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, by human descent, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever! Amen.¹¹

What then? Paul continued. If some did not believe (ἠπίστησαν, a form of ἀπιστέω), does their unbelief (ἀπιστία) nullify (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the faithfulness (πίστιν, a form of πίστις) of God?¹² Both ἀπιστέω and ἀπιστία are derived from ἄπιστος the negation of πιστός. Both πιστός and πίστις are derived from πείθω, to convince by argument. I’m laboring over the relationship of these words for faith and unbelief so that I can grasp what Paul was thinking. Why would Paul even think that someone might think that the unbelief (ἀπιστία) of some people might nullify (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the faithfulness (πίστιν, a form of πίστις) of God?

To review, Paul was convinced that Gentiles did not need to be circumcised. He was content enough with the letter circulated after the Jerusalem Council to spread its teaching himself. Then he went to Corinth. In Corinth, hampered by his allegiance to James’ abbreviated version of the law, Paul called adultery, or a violation of Leviticus 18:8, πορνεία.¹³ It is evident later in Romans (Romans 9-11) that he was perplexed by the fact that God called the sexually immoral (πόρνοι, a form of πόρνος), idolaters, adulterers, passive homosexual partners, practicing homosexuals, thieves, the greedy, drunkards, the verbally abusive, and swindlers [Table]¹⁴ to faith and repentance, while so many of his own people rejected the very same Gospel message.

When Paul wrote faith comes by hearing,¹⁵ that understanding was coming right out of his experience and the meaning and derivation of the Greek word πίστις from πείθω: Faith comes by hearing the argument (e.g., the Gospel presented as a reasoned discourse). The NET translators have rendered it, faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ [Table].¹⁶ There is apparently a manuscript dispute whether God or Christ is the older, more original, word. Frankly, I don’t care about that at all. The NET translators have focused on the content of the message in both clauses. Faith comes from what is heard (i.e., the preached word of Christ) and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ seems a bit redundant to me. The content of the message is certainly extremely important, but I don’t think Paul was talking about content in the second clause.

I think the New King James translation is more to Paul’s point in its austerity. So then faith comes by hearing (ἀκοῆς, a form of ἀκοή), and hearing (ἀκοὴ) by the word (ρήματος, a form of ῥῆμα) of God.¹⁷ This is the conclusion of an argument that began with a contrast of righteousness by law and righteousness by faith. For Moses¹⁸ writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.”¹⁹ Paul quoted from the introduction to the Laws of Sexual Regulations in Leviticus 18:6-33. You must not do as they do in the land of Egypt where you have been living, and you must not do as they do in the land of Canaan into which I am about to bring you; you must not walk in their statutes. You must observe my regulations and you must be sure to walk in my statutes…anyone who does so will live by keeping them.²⁰

Paul saw something different in Deuteronomy 30, the righteousness that is by faith.²¹ Deuteronomy 30 was written (and spoken) prophetically to people who have rebelled against the Lord, who have not kept his commandments and statutes (Deuteronomy 30:1-3a, 9b, 10).

When you have experienced all these things, both the blessings and the curses I have set before you, you will reflect upon them in all the nations where the Lord your God has banished you. Then if you and your descendants turn to the Lord your God and obey him with your whole mind and being just as I am commanding you today, the Lord your God will reverse your captivity and have pity on you…For the Lord your God will once more rejoice over you to make you prosperous just as he rejoiced over your ancestors, if you obey the Lord your God and keep his commandments and statutes that are written in this scroll of the law. But you must turn to him with your whole mind and being.

Paul wrote, But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’” (that is, to bring Christ down) or “Who will descend into the abyss?” (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). But what does it say? “The word (ρῆμα, another form of ῥῆμα) is near you, in your mouth and in your heart” (that is, the word [ρῆμα, another form of ῥῆμα] of faith that we preach)…²²

Paul knew he preached the same content to the Pharisee that he preached to the πόρνοι (a form of πόρνος) in Corinth. In fact, if anyone was short changed it was the πόρνοι in Corinth, for Corinth is where Paul prejudged the people as too immature for wisdom. But it was in Corinth that the πόρνοι believed the content of the message, and it was in Jerusalem and in synagogues throughout the Roman Empire where the Pharisees did not. When Paul penned, faith comes by hearing (ἀκοῆς, a form of ἀκοή), and hearing (ἀκοὴ, another form of ἀκοή) by the word (ρήματος, a form of ῥῆμα) of God,²³ he meant something like hearing comes by God (or Christ) uttering, “hear.” That was the only explanation he had for the difference between the πόρνοι and the Pharisees. And it was certainly his own experience on the Damascus road in a singularly dramatic fashion.

What then? Paul asked. If some did not believe; namely, the Jews (for whom the content of the message was intended) because God or Christ had not yet uttered, “hear,” does their unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God?²⁴ Suddenly the question is much more than a straw man. How can I trust this God who would do this to his own people? or not do this for his own people, as the case may be? But Paul reassured me that it does not nullify the faithfulness of God. Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified (δικαιωθῇς, a form of δικαιόω) in your words (λόγοις, a form of λόγος) and will prevail when you are judged (κρίνεσθαι, a form of κρίνω).”²⁵

Though I may never fully understand the sequencing of who-believes-when, I can accept that it has something to do with God being proven true, being justified in his words, and prevailing when He is judged. And I’ve already seen some connection between this and all things working together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose,²⁶ and its corollary, Though your sins are like scarlet, They shall be as white as snow.²⁷

Addendum: February 11, 2021
A comparison of the Greek of Paul’s quotation of Leviticus 18:5 from the Septuagint follows

Romans 10:5b (NET Parallel Greek)	Leviticus 18:5b (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 18:5b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὁ ποιήσας \|αὐτὰ\| ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν \|αὐτοῖς\|	ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῗς	ἃ ποιήσας αὐτά ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς
Romans 10:5b (NET)	Leviticus 18:5b (NETS)	Leviticus 18:5b (English Elpenor)
The one who does these things will live by them.	as for the things a person does, he shall live by them	which if a man do, he shall live in them

A comparison of the Greek of Paul’s quotation from Deuteronomy 9:4 in the Septuagint follows:

Romans 10:6b (NET Parallel Greek)	Deuteronomy 9:4a (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 9:4a (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου	μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου	μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου
Romans 10:6b (NET)	Deuteronomy 9:4a (NETS)	Deuteronomy 9:4a (English Elpenor)
Do not say in your heart,	do not say in your heart,	Speak not in thine heart,

It was perhaps a poignant historical reminder to those who knew the Scriptures, ‘For my righteousness HaShem hath brought me in to possess this land.’²⁸

A comparison of the Greek of Paul’s quotation from Deuteronomy 30:12 in the Septuagint follows:

Romans 10:6c (NET Parallel Greek)	Deuteronomy 30:12b (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:12b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν	τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῗν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν	τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν
Romans 10:6c (NET)	Deuteronomy 30:12b (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:12b (English Elpenor)
Who will ascend into heaven?	Who will go up to the sky…for us?	Who shall go up for us into heaven,

A comparison (mostly a contrast) of Paul’s “quotation” with Deuteronomy 30:13 in the Septuagint follows:

Romans 10:7a (NET Parallel Greek)	Deuteronomy 30:13b (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:13b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον	τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῗν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης	τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
Romans 10:7a (NET)	Deuteronomy 30:13b (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:13b (English Elpenor)
Who will descend into the abyss?	Who will cross to the other side of the sea for us	Who will go over for us to the other side of the sea…for us

A comparison of the Greek of Paul’s quotation from Deuteronomy 30:14 in the Septuagint follows:

Romans 10:8b (NET Parallel Greek)	Deuteronomy 30:14a (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:14a (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐγγύς σου τὸ ρῆμα ἐστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου	ἔστιν σου ἐγγὺς τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου	ἐγγύς σού ἐστι τὸ ρῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου
Romans 10:8b (NET)	Deuteronomy 30:14a (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:14a (English Elpenor)
The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart	The word is very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart	The word is very near thee, in thy mouth, and in thine heart

If Paul quoted from the Septuagint it may be worth noting that he stopped prior to καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσί σου ποιεῖν αὐτό (and in thine hands to do it).

Tables comparing Leviticus 18:5; 18:3; 18:4; Deuteronomy 30:1; 30:2; 30:3; 30:9; 30:10; 9:4; 30:12; 30:13 and 30:14 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing Leviticus 18:5; 18:3; 18:4; Deuteronomy 30:1; 30:2; 30:3; 30:9; 30:10; 9:4; 30:12; 30:13 and 30:14 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Titus 3:8, Romans 3:2 and 10:5 in the NET and KJV follow.

Leviticus 18:5 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 18:5 (KJV)	Leviticus 18:5 (NET)
Ye shall therefore keep My statutes, and Mine ordinances, which if a man do, he shall live by them: I am HaShem.	Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD.	So you must keep my statutes and my regulations; anyone who does so will live by keeping them. I am the Lord.

Leviticus 18:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 18:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ φυλάξεσθε πάντα τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ πάντα τὰ κρίματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῗς ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν	καὶ φυλάξεσθε πάντα τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ πάντα τὰ κρίματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά, ἃ ποιήσας αὐτά ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς· ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν
Leviticus 18:5 (NETS)	Leviticus 18:5 (English Elpenor)
And you shall keep all my ordinances and all my judgments, and you shall do them; as for the things a person does, he shall live by them; I am the Lord your God.	So ye shall keep all my ordinances, and all my judgments, and do them; which if a man do, he shall live in them: I [am] the Lord your God.

Leviticus 18:3 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 18:3 (KJV)	Leviticus 18:3 (NET)
After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do; and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do; neither shall ye walk in their statutes.	After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances.	You must not do as they do in the land of Egypt where you have been living, and you must not do as they do in the land of Canaan into which I am about to bring you; you must not walk in their statutes.

Leviticus 18:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 18:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐν ᾗ κατῳκήσατε ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ οὐ ποιήσετε καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα γῆς Χανααν εἰς ἣν ἐγὼ εἰσάγω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῗ οὐ ποιήσετε καὶ τοῗς νομίμοις αὐτῶν οὐ πορεύσεσθε	κατά τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα Αἰγύπτου, ἐν ᾗ κατῳκήσατε ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ, οὐ ποιήσετε καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα γῆς Χαναάν, εἰς ἣν ἐγὼ εἰσάγω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ, οὐ ποιήσετε καὶ τοῖς νομίμοις αὐτῶν οὐ πορεύσεσθε
Leviticus 18:3 (NETS)	Leviticus 18:3 (English Elpenor)
You shall not act according to the practices of the land of Egypt, wherein you lived, and you shall not act according to the practices of the land of Chanaan, there where I am bringing you, and you shall not live by their precepts.	Ye shall not do according to the devices of Egypt, in which ye dwelt: and according to the devices of the land of Chanaan, into which I bring you, ye shall not do; and ye shall not walk in their ordinances.

Leviticus 18:4 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 18:4 (KJV)	Leviticus 18:4 (NET)
Mine ordinances shall ye do, and My statutes shall ye keep, to walk therein: I am HaShem your G-d.	Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am the LORD your God.	You must observe my regulations, and you must be sure to walk in my statutes. I am the Lord your God.

Leviticus 18:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 18:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τὰ κρίματά μου ποιήσετε καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου φυλάξεσθε πορεύεσθαι ἐν αὐτοῗς ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν	τὰ κρίματά μου ποιήσετε καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου φυλάξεσθε καὶ πορεύεσθε ἐν αὐτοῖς· ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν
Leviticus 18:4 (NETS)	Leviticus 18:4 (English Elpenor)
My judgments you shall perform, and my ordinances you shall keep, to walk by them; I am the Lord your God.	Ye shall observe my judgments, and shall keep my ordinances, and shall walk in them: I [am] the Lord your God.

Deuteronomy 30:1 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:1 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:1 (NET)
And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt bethink thyself among all the nations, whither HaShem thy G-d hath driven thee,	And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee,	“When you have experienced all these things, both the blessings and the curses I have set before you, you will reflect upon them in all the nations where the Lord your God has banished you.

Deuteronomy 30:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔσται ὡς ἂν ἔλθωσιν ἐπὶ σὲ πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα ἡ εὐλογία καὶ ἡ κατάρα ἣν ἔδωκα πρὸ προσώπου σου καὶ δέξῃ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν σου ἐν πᾶσιν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν οὗ ἐάν σε διασκορπίσῃ κύριος ἐκεῗ	ΚΑΙ ἔσται ὡς ἂν ἔλθωσιν ἐπὶ σὲ πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα, ἡ εὐλογία καὶ ἡ κατάρα, ἣν ἔδωκα πρὸ προσώπου σου, καὶ δέξῃ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν σου ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗ ἐὰν διασκορπίσῃ σε Κύριος ἐκεῖ,
Deuteronomy 30:1 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:1 (English Elpenor)
And it shall be, when all these words come upon you, the blessing and the curse that I gave before you, that you shall receive them into your heart among all the nations wherever the Lord may scatter you there,	And it shall come to pass when all these things shall have come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thy face, and thou shalt call [them] to mind among all the nations, wherein the Lord shall have scattered thee,

Deuteronomy 30:2 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:2 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:2 (NET)
and shalt return unto HaShem thy G-d, and hearken to His voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thy heart, and with all thy soul;	And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul;	Then if you and your descendants turn to the Lord your God and obey him with your whole mind and being just as I am commanding you today,

Deuteronomy 30:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐπιστραφήσῃ ἐπὶ κύριον τὸν θεόν σου καὶ ὑπακούσῃ τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου	καὶ ἐπιστραφήσῃ ἐπὶ Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου καὶ εἰσακούσῃ τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ κατὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον, ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου
Deuteronomy 30:2 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:2 (English Elpenor)
and you shall return to the Lord your God and obey his voice regarding everything I command you today, with the whole of your heart and with the whole of your soul.	and shalt return to the Lord thy God, and shalt hearken to his voice, according to all things which I charge thee this day, with all thy heart, and with all thy soul;

Deuteronomy 30:3 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:3 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:3 (NET)
that then HaShem thy G-d will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the peoples, whither HaShem thy G-d hath scattered thee.	That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee.	the Lord your God will reverse your captivity and have pity on you. He will turn and gather you from all the peoples among whom he has scattered you.

Deuteronomy 30:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἰάσεται κύριος τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου καὶ ἐλεήσει σε καὶ πάλιν συνάξει σε ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰς οὓς διεσκόρπισέν σε κύριος ἐκεῗ	καὶ ἰάσεται Κύριος τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου καὶ ἐλεήσει σε καὶ πάλιν συνάξει σε ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, εἰς οὓς διεσκόρπισέ σε Κύριος ἐκεῖ
Deuteronomy 30:3 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:3 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord will heal your sins and have mercy on you and gather you again from all the nations among whom the Lord has scattered you there.	then the Lord shall heal thine iniquities, and shall pity thee, and shall again gather thee out from all the nations, among which the Lord has scattered thee.

Deuteronomy 30:9 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:9 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:9 (NET)
And HaShem thy G-d will make thee over-abundant in all the work of thy hand, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good; for HaShem will again rejoice over thee for good, as He rejoiced over thy fathers;	And the LORD thy God will make thee plenteous in every work of thine hand, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good: for the LORD will again rejoice over thee for good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers:	The Lord your God will make the labor of your hands abundantly successful and multiply your children, the offspring of your cattle, and the produce of your soil. For the Lord will once more rejoice over you to make you prosperous just as he rejoiced over your ancestors,

Deuteronomy 30:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ πολυωρήσει σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἐν τοῗς ἐκγόνοις τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ ἐν τοῗς γενήμασιν τῆς γῆς σου καὶ ἐν τοῗς ἐκγόνοις τῶν κτηνῶν σου ὅτι ἐπιστρέψει κύριος ὁ θεός σου εὐφρανθῆναι ἐπὶ σὲ εἰς ἀγαθά καθότι ηὐφράνθη ἐπὶ τοῗς πατράσιν σου	καὶ πολυωρήσει σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ τῶν χειρῶν σου, ἐν τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τῶν κτηνῶν σου καὶ ἐν τοῖς γενήμασι τῆς γῆς σου· ὅτι ἐπιστρέψει Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εὐφρανθῆναι ἐπὶ σοὶ εἰς ἀγαθά, καθότι εὐφράνθη ἐπὶ τοῖς πατράσι σου,
Deuteronomy 30:9 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:9 (English Elpenor)
and the Lord your God will treat you with care in every work of your hands, in the progeny of your belly and in the produce of your land and in the progeny of your livestock. For the Lord your God will turn to be joyful toward you for good things, just as he was joyful over your fathers,	And the Lord thy God shall bless thee in every work of thine hands, in the offspring of thy body, and in the offspring of thy cattle, and in the fruits of thy land, because the Lord thy God will again rejoice over thee for good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers:

Deuteronomy 30:10 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:10 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:10 (NET)
if thou shalt hearken to the voice of HaShem thy G-d, to keep His commandments and His statutes which are written in this book of the law; if thou turn unto HaShem thy G-d with all thy heart, and with all thy soul.	If thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which are written in this book of the law, and if thou turn unto the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul.	if you obey the Lord your God and keep his commandments and statutes that are written in this scroll of the law. But you must turn to him with your whole mind and being.

Deuteronomy 30:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν εἰσακούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου φυλάσσεσθαι καὶ ποιεῗν πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς κρίσεις αὐτοῦ τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ νόμου τούτου ἐὰν ἐπιστραφῇς ἐπὶ κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου	ἐὰν εἰσακούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου, φυλάσσεσθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς κρίσεις αὐτοῦ τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ νόμου τούτου, ἐὰν ἐπιστραφῇς ἐπὶ Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου
Deuteronomy 30:10 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:10 (English Elpenor)
if you listen to the voice of the Lord your God, to keep his commandments and his statutes and his judgments that are written in the book of this law, if you turn to the Lord your God with the whole of your heart and with the whole of your soul,	if thou wilt hearken to the voice of the Lord thy God, to keep his commandments, and his ordinances, and his judgments written in the book of this law, if thou turn to the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul.

Deuteronomy 9:4 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 9:4 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 9:4 (NET)
Speak not thou in thy heart, after that HaShem thy G-d hath thrust them out from before thee, saying: ‘For my righteousness HaShem hath brought me in to possess this land’; whereas for the wickedness of these nations HaShem doth drive them out from before thee.	Speak not thou in thine heart, after that the LORD thy God hath cast them out from before thee, saying, For my righteousness the LORD hath brought me in to possess this land: but for the wickedness of these nations the LORD doth drive them out from before thee.	Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you.

Deuteronomy 9:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 9:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ἐν τῷ ἐξαναλῶσαι κύριον τὸν θεόν σου τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα ἀπὸ προσώπου σου λέγων διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας μου εἰσήγαγέν με κύριος κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων κύριος ἐξολεθρεύσει αὐτοὺς πρὸ προσώπου σου	μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ἐν τῷ ἐξαναλῶσαι Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα πρὸ προσώπου σου λέγων· διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας μου εἰσήγαγέ με Κύριος κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην
Deuteronomy 9:4 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 9:4 (English Elpenor)
When the Lord your God eliminates these nations before you, do not say in your heart, saying: “It is because of my righteousness that the Lord has brought me in to inherit this good land,” but because of the impiety of these nations the Lord will destroy them utterly before you.	Speak not in thine heart, when the Lord thy God has destroyed these nations before thy face, saying, For my righteousness the Lord brought me in to inherit this good land.

Deuteronomy 30:12 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:12 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:12 (NET)
It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say: ‘Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, and make us to hear it, that we may do it?’	It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, and make us to hear it, that we may do it?	It is not in heaven, as though one must say, ‘Who will go up to heaven to get it for us and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?’

Deuteronomy 30:12 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω ἐστὶν λέγων τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῗν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ λήμψεται αὐτὴν ἡμῗν καὶ ἀκούσαντες αὐτὴν ποιήσομεν	οὐκ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω ἐστὶ λέγων· τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ λήψεται ἡμῖν αὐτήν, καὶ ἀκούσαντες αὐτὴν ποιήσομεν
Deuteronomy 30:12 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:12 (English Elpenor)
It is not up in the sky, saying, “Who will go up to the sky and get it for us? And when we hear it, we shall do it.”	It is not in heaven above, [as if there were one] saying, Who shall go up for us into heaven, and shall take it for us, and we will hear and do it?

Deuteronomy 30:13 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:13 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:13 (NET)
Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou shouldest say: ‘Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, and make us to hear it, that we may do it?’	Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it?	And it is not across the sea, as though one must say, ‘Who will cross over to the other side of the sea and get it for us and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?’

Deuteronomy 30:13 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐδὲ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης ἐστὶν λέγων τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῗν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ λήμψεται ἡμῗν αὐτήν καὶ ἀκουστὴν ἡμῗν ποιήσει αὐτήν καὶ ποιήσομεν	οὐδὲ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης ἐστὶ λέγων· τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ λήψεται ἡμῖν αὐτήν, καὶ ἀκουστὴν ἡμῖν ποιήσῃ αὐτήν, καὶ ποιήσομεν
Deuteronomy 30:13 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:13 (English Elpenor)
Neither is it beyond the sea, saying, “Who will cross to the other side of the sea for us and get it for us? And when we hear it, we shall do it.”	Neither is it beyond the sea, saying, Who will go over for us to the other side of the sea, and take it for us, and make it audible to us, and we will do it?

Deuteronomy 30:14 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 30:14 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 30:14 (NET)
But the word is very nigh unto thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it.	But the word is very nigh unto thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it.	For the thing is very near you—it is in your mouth and in your mind so that you can do it.

Deuteronomy 30:14 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 30:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔστιν σου ἐγγὺς τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου καὶ ἐν ταῗς χερσίν σου αὐτὸ ποιεῗν	ἐγγύς σού ἐστι τὸ ρῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσί σου ποιεῖν αὐτό
Deuteronomy 30:14 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 30:14 (English Elpenor)
The word is very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart and in your hands, to do it.	The word is very near thee, in thy mouth, and in thine heart, and in thine hands to do it.

Titus 3:8 (NET)	Titus 3:8 (KJV)
This saying is trustworthy, and I want you to insist on such truths, so that those who have placed their faith in God may be intent on engaging in good works. These things are good and beneficial for all people.	This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou affirm constantly, that they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable unto men.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος· καὶ περὶ τούτων βούλομαι σε διαβεβαιοῦσθαι, ἵνα φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι οἱ πεπιστευκότες θεῷ· ταῦτα ἐστιν καλὰ καὶ ὠφέλιμα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	πιστος ο λογος και περι τουτων βουλομαι σε διαβεβαιουσθαι ινα φροντιζωσιν καλων εργων προιστασθαι οι πεπιστευκοτες τω θεω ταυτα εστιν τα καλα και ωφελιμα τοις ανθρωποις	πιστος ο λογος και περι τουτων βουλομαι σε διαβεβαιουσθαι ινα φροντιζωσιν καλων εργων προιστασθαι οι πεπιστευκοτες θεω ταυτα εστιν τα καλα και ωφελιμα τοις ανθρωποις

Romans 3:2 (NET)	Romans 3:2 (KJV)
Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.	Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον. πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ.	πολυ κατα παντα τροπον πρωτον μεν γαρ οτι επιστευθησαν τα λογια του θεου	πολυ κατα παντα τροπον πρωτον μεν γαρ οτι επιστευθησαν τα λογια του θεου

Romans 10:5 (NET)	Romans 10:5 (KJV)
For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.”	For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Μωϋσῆς γὰρ γράφει τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ [τοῦ] νόμου [ὅτι] ὁ ποιήσας \|αὐτὰ\| ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν \|αὐτοῖς\|	μωσης γαρ γραφει την δικαιοσυνην την εκ του νομου οτι ο ποιησας αυτα ανθρωπος ζησεται εν αυτοις	μωυσης γαρ γραφει την δικαιοσυνην την εκ του νομου οτι ο ποιησας αυτα ανθρωπος ζησεται εν αυτοις

Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 10:5-8

Romans, Part 14

Back to Solomon’s Wealth, Part 4

Back to Romans, Part 38

Back to Romans, Part 39

Back to Son of God – John, Part 5

Back to Fear – Numbers, Part 4

Back to Romans, Part 58

Back to Romans, Part 75

Back to Fear – Deuteronomy, Part 4

Back to Fear – Deuteronomy, Part 11

Back to To Make Holy, Part 4

Back to Romans, Part 76

Back to The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 7

Back to Exploration, Part 2

Back to Exploration, Part 17

¹ Romans 3:1a (NET)

² John 10:10b (NET)

³ Romans 3:1b (NET)

⁴ 1 Timothy 4:8 (NET)

⁵ 2 Timothy 3:16, 17 (NET)

⁶ The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article τω preceding God. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τα preceding good. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁸ Titus 3:8 (NET)

⁹ The NA²⁸, Stephanus Textus Receptus (KJV: because) and Byzantine Majority Text had μὲν γὰρ here, where the NET parallel Greek text had simply μὲν.

¹⁰ Romans 3:2 (NET)

¹¹ Romans 9:4, 5 (NET)

¹² Romans 3:3 (NET)

¹³ 1 Corinthians 5:1 (NET)

¹⁴ 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 (NET)

¹⁵ Romans 10:17a (NKJV)

¹⁶ Romans 10:17 (NET)

¹⁷ Romans 10:17 (NKJV)

¹⁸ In the NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text Moses was spelled Μωϋσῆς, and μωσης in the Stephanus Textus Receptus.

¹⁹ Romans 10:5 (NET)

²⁰ Leviticus 18:3-5 (NET)

²¹ Romans 10:6 (NET)

²² Romans 10:6-8 (NET)

²³ Romans 10:17 (NKJV) Table

²⁴ Romans 3:3 (NET)

²⁵ Romans 3:4 (NET) Table

²⁶ Romans 8:28 (NET)

²⁷ Isaiah 1:18 (NKJV) Table

²⁸ Deuteronomy 9:4b (Tanakh)

The Will of God – Jesus, Part 2

Posted on August 17, 2012 by admin

Jesus fed about five thousand men (Not counting women and children)¹ with five barley loaves and two fish.² After they gathered the leftovers and filled twelve baskets,³ they began to say to one another, “This is certainly the Prophet who is to come into the world.”⁴ This was a reference to Moses’ prophesy, The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you – from your fellow Israelites; you must listen to him.⁵

Immediately Jesus⁶ made the⁷ disciples get into the boat and go ahead of him to the other side (πέραν),⁸ while he dispersed the crowds.⁹ Then Jesus, because he knew they were going to come and seize him by force to make him king, withdrew again up the mountainside alone.¹⁰ Once Jesus finished praying he walked across the water, apparently intending to pass his disciples by. But they saw him, thought he was a ghost, and were afraid. So Jesus got into the boat with them (Mark 6:45-51).

The next day the crowds followed him across the lake. “Rabbi, when did you get here?” they asked. “I tell you the solemn truth,” Jesus said, “you are looking for me not because you saw miraculous signs, but because you ate all the loaves of bread you wanted. Do not work (ἐργάζεσθε, a form of ἐργάζομαι) for the food that disappears, but for the food that remains to eternal life – the food which the Son of Man will give to you. For God the Father has put his seal of approval on him.”¹¹

They asked, “What must we do (ποιῶμεν, a form of ποιέω) to accomplish (ἐργαζώμεθα, another form of ἐργάζομαι) the deeds (ἔργα, a form of ἔργον) God requires?” Jesus replied, “This is the deed (ἔργον) God requires – to believe (πιστεύητε, a form of πιστεύω) in the one whom he sent.”¹² After a free lunch these same people called Jesus the prophesied prophet like Moses. They were ready to make him king. But when asked to believe in him, what He said about Himself? what He said about us? that we should think and do these things?—then the duplicity Jesus saw in them was revealed for all to see.

“Then what miraculous sign will you perform (ποιεῖς, another form of ποιέω), so that we may see (ἴδωμεν, a form of εἴδω) it and believe (πιστεύσωμεν, another form of πιστεύω) you?” they said. “What will you do (ἐργάζῃ, another form of ἐργάζομαι)?”¹³ Obviously, feeding five thousand plus people with fives loaves and two fish wasn’t enough. They required better proof than one free lunch if faith was on the table here. “Our ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, just as it is written, ‘He gave them bread (ἄρτον, a form of ἄρτος) from heaven to eat.’”¹⁴ In other words, give us unlimited free lunches and we might have something to talk about.

According to a note in the NET the people quoted Psalm 78:24 to Jesus. It’s not a great quotation, more like a paraphrase, but here is the relevant portion of the Psalm, a Psalm of Asaph, one of David’s musicians (Psalm 78:18-32 NET).

They willfully challenged God by asking for food to satisfy their appetite. They insulted God, saying, “Is God really able to give us food in the wilderness? Yes, he struck a rock and water flowed out, streams gushed forth. But can he also give us food? Will he provide meat for his people?” When the Lord heard this, he was furious. A fire broke out against Jacob, and his anger flared up against Israel, because they did not have faith in God, and did not trust his ability to deliver them. He gave a command to the clouds above, and opened the doors in the sky. He rained down manna for them to eat; he gave them the grain (Septuagint: ἄρτον, a form of ἄρτος) of heaven. Man ate the food of the mighty ones. He sent them more than enough to eat. He brought the east wind through the sky, and by his strength led forth the south wind. He rained down meat on them like dust, birds as numerous as the sand on the seashores. He caused them to fall right in the middle of their camp, all around their homes. They ate until they were stuffed; he gave them what they desired. They were not yet filled up, their food was still in their mouths, when the anger of God flared up against them. He killed some of the strongest of them; he brought the young men of Israel to their knees. Despite all this, they continued to sin, and did not trust him to do amazing things.

“I tell you the solemn truth,” Jesus answered, “it is not Moses who has given you the bread (ἄρτον, a form of ἄρτος) from heaven, but my Father is giving you the true bread (ἄρτον, a form of ἄρτος) from heaven [Table]. For the bread (ἄρτος) of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” “Sir, give us this bread (ἄρτον, a form of ἄρτος) all the time!”¹⁵ they said.

“I am the bread (ἄρτος) of life,”¹⁶ Jesus said. This wasn’t a difficult figure of speech. It came from Moses, Remember the whole way by which he has brought you these forty years through the desert so that he might, by humbling you, test you to see if you have it within you to keep his commandments or not. So he humbled you by making you hungry and then feeding you with unfamiliar manna. He did this to teach you that humankind cannot live by bread (Septuagint: ἄρτῳ, another form of ἄρτος) alone, but also by everything that comes from the Lord’s mouth.¹⁷

“The one who comes to me will never go hungry, Jesus continued, and the one who believes (πιστεύων, another form of πιστεύω) in me will never be thirsty [Table]. But I told you that you have seen me and still do not believe (πιστεύετε, a form of πιστεύω). Everyone whom the Father gives (δίδωσιν, a form of δίδωμι) me will come to me, and the one who comes to me I will never send away. For I have come down from heaven not to do my own will (θέλημα) but the will (θέλημα) of the one who sent me. Now this is the will (θέλημα) of the one who sent me – that I should not lose one person of every one he has given (δέδωκεν, another form of δίδωμι) me, but raise them all up at the last day. For this is the will (θέλημα) of my Father – for everyone who looks (θεωρῶν, a form of θεωρέω) on the Son and believes (πιστεύων, another form of πιστεύω) in him to have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day”¹⁸ [Table].

In my imagination I can see one person in that crowd nudge the fellow next to him and ask, “So, uh, does that mean he’s serving lunch, or not?” The actual text reads, Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus began complaining about him because he said, “I am the bread (ἄρτος) that came down from heaven.”¹⁹

When Jesus’ disciples asked Him, “Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” He²⁰ called a child, had him stand among them, and said, “I tell you the truth, unless you turn around and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven! Whoever then humbles²¹ himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.”²² Then Jesus warned those who would become stumbling blocks (σκανδάλων, a form of σκάνδαλον) to one of these little ones who believe (πιστευόντων, another form of πιστεύω) in me [Table].²³ But after that He affirmed his own faithfulness to the will of God with a story about a shepherd (Matthew 18:12-14 NET).

If someone owns a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the mountains and go look for the one that went astray? And if he finds it, I tell you the truth, he will rejoice more over it than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray. In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing (θέλημα) that one of these little ones be lost [Table].

John began his Gospel account with this: [Jesus, the Word who was in the beginning with God, who was God]²⁴ was in the world, and the world was created by him, but the world did not recognize him. He came to what was his own, but his own people did not receive him. But to all who have received him – those who believe (πιστεύουσιν, another form of πιστεύω) in his name – he has given the right to become God’s children – children not born by human parents or by human desire (θελήματος, a form of θέλημα) or a husband’s decision (θελήματος, a form of θέλημα), but by God.²⁵

Addendum: January 31, 2021
As I made the tables for Psalm 78:18-32 it really struck home that neither miraculous signs nor punishment opened unregenerate eyes to see the kingdom of God: “I tell you the solemn truth,” Jesus told Nicodemus, “unless a person is born from above, he cannot see the kingdom of God”²⁶ [Table]. Was Jesus the only one who sang this psalm and understood that? Did all the others, with religious minds, blame their ancestors for being unregenerate human beings and resolve to do better in their own unregenerate strength (e.g., the weakness of their flesh)?

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 78:34 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:34 (NET)	Psalm 77:34 (NETS)	Psalm 77:34 (English Elpenor)
When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.	When he struck them down, they sought his favor; they turned back and longed for God.	When he was killing them, they would seek him out, and they would turn to God and be early.	When he slew them, they sought him: and they returned and called betimes upon God.

I just assumed that they who sought him and them who were slain were two different but related groups. Now suddenly, I’m questioning whether that assumption was contradicted by Jesus and this Psalm, which says of those who were yet living in their flesh:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 78:32 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:32 (NET)	Psalm 77:32 (NETS)	Psalm 77:32 (English Elpenor)
For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.	Despite all this, they continued to sin, and did not trust him to do amazing things.	Amidst all these things they still sinned, and they did not believe in his marvels.	In the midst of all this they sinned yet more, and believed not his miracles.

I’ll take a moment to at least consider the implications if they who sought him and them who were slain are one and the same (Luke 20:37, 38).

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 78:35-37 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:35-37 (NET)	Psalm 77:35-37 (NETS)	Psalm 77:35-37 (English Elpenor)
And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.	They remembered that God was their protector and that God Most High was their deliverer.	And they remembered that God was there helper and God the Most High was their redeemer.	And they remembered that God was their helper, and the most high God was their redeemer.
Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.	But they deceived him with their words and lied to him.	And they deceived him with their mouth, and with their tongue they lied to him.	And they deceived him with their mouth, and with their tongue they lied to him.
For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.	They were not really committed to him, and they were unfaithful to his covenant.	And their heart was not upright with him, nor were they true to his covenant.	For their heart [was] not right with him, neither were they steadfast in his covenant.

The first implication would be that God did his diagnostic work (διαγνωσθῇ, a form of διαγινώσκω; Table below) on both sides of the grave. Second, being freed from sin and being raised (ἐγείρονται, a form of ἐγείρω) had no significant impact on the intrinsic weakness of human flesh. Jesus told a teacher of Israel: What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’²⁷

Tables comparing Deuteronomy 18:15; Psalm 78:18; 78:19; 78:20; 78:21; 78:22; 78:23; 78:24; 78:25; 78:26; 78:27; 78:28; 78:29; 78:30; 78:31; 78:32; Deuteronomy 8:2; 8:3; Psalm 78:34; 78:35; 78:36 and 78:37 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing Deuteronomy 18:15; Psalm 78:18 (77:18); 78:19 (77:19); 78:20 (77:20); 78:21 (77:21); 78:22 (77:22); 78:23 (77:23); 78:24 (77:24); 78:25 (77:25); 78:26 (77:26); 78:27 (77:27); 78:28 (77:28); 78:29 (77:29); 78:30 (77:30); 78:31 (77:31); 78:32 (77:32); Deuteronomy 8:2; 8:3; Psalm 78:34 (77:34); 78:35 (77:35); 78:36 (77:36) and 78:37 (77:37) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing John 6:9; 6:13; Matthew 14:22; 18:2 and 18:4 in the NET and KJV follow.

Deuteronomy 18:15 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 18:15 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 18:15 (NET)
A prophet will HaShem thy G-d raise up unto thee, from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;	The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;	The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you—from your fellow Israelites; you must listen to him.

Deuteronomy 18:15 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 18:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
προφήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ὡς ἐμὲ ἀναστήσει σοι κύριος ὁ θεός σου αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε	προφήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ὡς ἐμὲ ἀναστήσει σοι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε
Deuteronomy 18:15 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 18:15 (English Elpenor)
The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; you shall hear him.	The Lord thy God shall raise up to thee a prophet of thy brethren, like me; him shall ye hear:

Psalm 78:18 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:18 (KJV)	Psalm 78:18 (NET)
And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.	And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.	They willfully challenged God by asking for food to satisfy their appetite.

Psalm 78:18 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐξεπείρασαν τὸν θεὸν ἐν ταῗς καρδίαις αὐτῶν τοῦ αἰτῆσαι βρώματα ταῗς ψυχαῗς αὐτῶν	καὶ ἐξεπείρασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, τοῦ αἰτῆσαι βρώματα ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν
Psalm 77:18 (NETS)	Psalm 77:18 (English Elpenor)
And they tested God in their hearts by demanding food for their souls.	And they tempted God in their hearts, in asking meat for [the desire of] their souls.

Psalm 78:19 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:19 (KJV)	Psalm 78:19 (NET)
Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?	Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?	They insulted God, saying, “Is God really able to give us food in the wilderness?

Psalm 78:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ κατελάλησαν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ εἶπαν μὴ δυνήσεται ὁ θεὸς ἑτοιμάσαι τράπεζαν ἐν ἐρήμῳ	καὶ κατελάλησαν τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ εἶπαν· μὴ δυνήσεται ὁ Θεὸς ἑτοιμάσαι τράπεζαν ἐν ἐρήμῳ
Psalm 77:19 (NETS)	Psalm 77:19 (English Elpenor)
And they spoke against God and said, “Surely, God will not be able to spread a table in a wilderness?	They spoke also against God, and said, Will God be able to prepare a table in the wilderness?

Psalm 78:20 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:20 (KJV)	Psalm 78:20 (NET)
Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?	Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?	Yes, he struck a rock and water flowed out; streams gushed forth. But can he also give us food? Will he provide meat for his people?”

Psalm 78:20 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπεὶ ἐπάταξεν πέτραν καὶ ἐρρύησαν ὕδατα καὶ χείμαρροι κατεκλύσθησαν μὴ καὶ ἄρτον δύναται δοῦναι ἢ ἑτοιμάσαι τράπεζαν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ	ἐπεὶ ἐπάταξε πέτραν καὶ ἐρρύησαν ὕδατα καὶ χείμαρροι κατεκλύσθησαν, μὴ καὶ ἄρτον δύναται δοῦναι ἢ ἑτοιμάσαι τράπεζαν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ
Psalm 77:20 (NETS)	Psalm 77:20 (English Elpenor)
Even though he struck a rock and waters gushed out and wadis deluged, surely, he cannot also give bread or spread a table for his people?”	Forasmuch as he smote the rock, and the waters flowed, and the torrents ran abundantly; will he be able also to give bread, or prepare a table for his people?

Psalm 78:21 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:21 (KJV)	Psalm 78:21 (NET)
Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;	Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;	When the Lord heard this, he was furious. A fire broke out against Jacob, and his anger flared up against Israel,

Psalm 78:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
διὰ τοῦτο ἤκουσεν κύριος καὶ ἀνεβάλετο καὶ πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν Ιακωβ καὶ ὀργὴ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸν Ισραηλ	διὰ τοῦτο ἤκουσε Κύριος καὶ ἀνεβάλετο, καὶ πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν ᾿Ιακώβ, καὶ ὀργὴ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸν ᾿Ισραήλ,
Psalm 77:21 (NETS)	Psalm 77:21 (English Elpenor)
Therefore the Lord heard and was put out, and a fire was kindled in Iakob, and anger mounted against Israel,	Therefore the Lord heard, and was provoked: and fire was kindled in Jacob, and wrath went up against Israel.

Psalm 78:22 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:22 (KJV)	Psalm 78:22 (NET)
Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:	Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:	because they did not have faith in God and did not trust his ability to deliver them.

Psalm 78:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τῷ θεῷ οὐδὲ ἤλπισαν ἐπὶ τὸ σωτήριον αὐτοῦ	ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ οὐδὲ ἤλπισαν ἐπὶ τὸ σωτήριον αὐτοῦ
Psalm 77:22 (NETS)	Psalm 77:22 (English Elpenor)
because they had no faith in God nor did they hope in his saving power.	Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation.

Psalm 78:23 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:23 (KJV)	Psalm 78:23 (NET)
Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,	Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,	He gave a command to the clouds above and opened the doors in the sky.

Psalm 78:23 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐνετείλατο νεφέλαις ὑπεράνωθεν καὶ θύρας οὐρανοῦ ἀνέῳξεν	καὶ ἐνετείλατο νεφέλαις ὑπεράνωθεν καὶ θύρας οὐρανοῦ ἀνέῳξε
Psalm 77:23 (NETS)	Psalm 77:23 (English Elpenor)
And he commanded clouds above and opened heaven’s doors,	Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation.

Psalm 78:24 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:24 (KJV)	Psalm 78:24 (NET)
And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.	And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.	He rained down manna for them to eat; he gave them the grain of heaven.

Psalm 78:24 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔβρεξεν αὐτοῗς μαννα φαγεῗν καὶ ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῗς	καὶ ἔβρεξεν αὐτοῖς μάννα φαγεῖν καὶ ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς
Psalm 77:24 (NETS)	Psalm 77:24 (English Elpenor)
and he rained down manna for them to eat, and heaven’s bread he gave them.	and rained upon them manna to eat, and gave them the bread of heaven.

Psalm 78:25 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:25 (KJV)	Psalm 78:25 (NET)
Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.	Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.	Man ate the food of the mighty ones. He sent them more than enough to eat.

Psalm 78:25 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἄρτον ἀγγέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος ἐπισιτισμὸν ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοῗς εἰς πλησμονήν	ἄρτον ἀγγέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος, ἐπισιτισμὸν ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοῖς εἰς πλησμονήν
Psalm 77:25 (NETS)	Psalm 77:25 (English Elpenor)
Bread of angels man ate; provisions he sent them in abundance.	Man ate angels’ bread; he sent them provision to the full.

Psalm 78:26 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:26 (KJV)	Psalm 78:26 (NET)
He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.	He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.	He brought the east wind through the sky and by his strength led forth the south wind.

Psalm 78:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀπῆρεν νότον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν ἐν τῇ δυναστείᾳ αὐτοῦ λίβα	ἀπῇρε Νότον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ Λίβα
Psalm 77:26 (NETS)	Psalm 77:26 (English Elpenor)
He removed a south wind from heaven, and he led on, by his dominance, a southwest wind,	He removed the south wind from heaven; and by his might he brought in the south-west wind.

Psalm 78:27 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:27 (KJV)	Psalm 78:27 (NET)
He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:	He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:	He rained down meat on them like dust, birds as numerous as the sand on the seashores.

Psalm 78:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔβρεξεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ὡσεὶ χοῦν σάρκας καὶ ὡσεὶ ἄμμον θαλασσῶν πετεινὰ πτερωτά	καὶ ἔβρεξεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς ὡσεὶ χοῦν σάρκας καὶ ὡσεὶ ἄμμον θαλασσῶν πετεινὰ πτερωτά
Psalm 77:27 (NETS)	Psalm 77:27 (English Elpenor)
and he rained upon them flesh like dust and winged birds like the sand of seas,	And he rained upon them flesh like dust, and feathered birds like the sand of the seas.

Psalm 78:28 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:28 (KJV)	Psalm 78:28 (NET)
And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.	And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.	He caused them to fall right in the middle of their camp, all around their homes.

Psalm 78:28 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐπέπεσον εἰς μέσον τῆς παρεμβολῆς αὐτῶν κύκλῳ τῶν σκηνωμάτων αὐτῶν	καὶ ἐπέπεσον ἐν μέσῳ παρεμβολῆς αὐτῶν κύκλῳ τῶν σκηνωμάτων αὐτῶν
Psalm 77:28 (NETS)	Psalm 77:28 (English Elpenor)
and they fell in the midst of their camp, all around their coverts.	And they fell into the midst of their camp, round about their tents.

Psalm 78:29 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:29 (KJV)	Psalm 78:29 (NET)
So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;	So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;	They ate until they were beyond full; he gave them what they desired.

Psalm 78:29 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐφάγοσαν καὶ ἐνεπλήσθησαν σφόδρα καὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτῶν ἤνεγκεν αὐτοῗς	καὶ ἔφαγον καὶ ἐνεπλήσθησαν σφόδρα, καὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτῶν ἤνεγκεν αὐτοῖς
Psalm 77:29 (NETS)	Psalm 77:29 (English Elpenor)
And they ate and were well filled, and what they craved he brought them;	So they ate, and were completely filled; and he gave them their desire.

Psalm 78:30 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:30 (KJV)	Psalm 78:30 (NET)
They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,	They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,	They were not yet filled up; their food was still in their mouths

Psalm 78:30 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἐστερήθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν ἔτι τῆς βρώσεως αὐτῶν οὔσης ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν	οὐκ ἐστερήθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν. ἔτι τῆς βρώσεως οὔσης ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν,
Psalm 77:30 (NETS)	Psalm 77:30 (English Elpenor)
they were not deprived of what they craved. While their food was still in their mouth,	They were not disappointed of their desire: [but] when their food was yet in their mouth,

Psalm 78:31 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:31 (KJV)	Psalm 78:31 (NET)
The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.	The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.	when the anger of God flared up against them. He killed some of the strongest of them; he brought the young men of Israel to their knees.

Psalm 78:31 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνέβη ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν τοῗς πίοσιν αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς τοῦ Ισραηλ συνεπόδισεν	καὶ ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀνέβη ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς, καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς τοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ συνεπόδισεν
Psalm 77:31 (NETS)	Psalm 77:31 (English Elpenor)
God’s wrath also rose against them, and he killed among their sleek ones, and the select of Israel he shackled.	then the indignation of God rose up against them, and slew the fattest of them, and overthrew the choice men of Israel.

Psalm 78:32 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:32 (KJV)	Psalm 78:32 (NET)
For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.	For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.	Despite all this, they continued to sin, and did not trust him to do amazing things.

Psalm 78:32 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις ἥμαρτον ἔτι καὶ οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῗς θαυμασίοις αὐτοῦ	ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις ἥμαρτον ἔτι καὶ οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς θαυμασίοις αὐτοῦ
Psalm 77:32 (NETS)	Psalm 77:32 (English Elpenor)
Amidst all these things they still sinned, and they did not believe in his marvels.	In the midst of all this they sinned yet more, and believed not his miracles.

Deuteronomy 8:2 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 8:2 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 8:2 (NET)
And thou shalt remember all the way which HaShem thy G-d hath led thee these forty years in the wilderness, that He might afflict thee, to prove thee, to know what was in thy heart, whether thou wouldest keep His commandments, or no.	And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no.	Remember the whole way by which he has brought you these 40 years through the wilderness so that he might, by humbling you, test you to see if you have it within you to keep his commandments or not.

Deuteronomy 8:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 8:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ μνησθήσῃ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν ἣν ἤγαγέν σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὅπως ἂν κακώσῃ σε καὶ ἐκπειράσῃ σε καὶ διαγνωσθῇ τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου εἰ φυλάξῃ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ἢ οὔ	καὶ μνησθήσῃ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν, ἣν ἤγαγέ σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ὅπως ἂν κακώσῃ σε καὶ πειράσῃ σε καὶ διαγνωσθῇ τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, εἰ φυλάξῃ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ἢ οὔ
Deuteronomy 8:2 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 8:2 (English Elpenor)
And you shall remember all the way that the Lord your God has led you in the wilderness so that he might distress you in the wilderness so that he might distress you and test you and discern the things in your heart, whether you would keep his commandments or not.	And thou shalt remember all the way which the Lord thy God led thee in the wilderness, that he might afflict thee, and try thee, and that the things in thine heart might be made manifest, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments or no.

Deuteronomy 8:3 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 8:3 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 8:3 (NET)
And He afflicted thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that He might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every thing that proceedeth out of the mouth of HaShem doth man live.	And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live.	So he humbled you by making you hungry and then feeding you with unfamiliar manna. He did this to teach you that humankind cannot live by bread alone, but also by everything that comes from the Lord’s mouth.

Deuteronomy 8:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 8:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκάκωσέν σε καὶ ἐλιμαγχόνησέν σε καὶ ἐψώμισέν σε τὸ μαννα ὃ οὐκ εἴδησαν οἱ πατέρες σου ἵνα ἀναγγείλῃ σοι ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι τῷ ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος	καὶ ἐκάκωσέ σε καὶ ἐλιμαγχόνησέ σε καὶ ἐψώμισέ σε τὸ μάννα, ὃ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν οἱ πατέρες σου, ἵνα ἀναγγείλῃ σοι, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ᾿ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι τῷ ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος
Deuteronomy 8:3 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 8:3 (English Elpenor)
And he distressed you and let you hunger and fed you with manna with which your fathers were not acquainted in order to announce to you that man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that goes out through the mouth of God man shall live.	And he afflicted thee and straitened thee with hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thy fathers knew not; that he might teach thee that man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God shall man live.

Psalm 78:34 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:34 (KJV)	Psalm 78:34 (NET)
When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.	When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.	When he struck them down, they sought his favor; they turned back and longed for God.

Psalm 78:34 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅταν ἀπέκτεννεν αὐτούς ἐξεζήτουν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπέστρεφον καὶ ὤρθριζον πρὸς τὸν θεὸν	ὅταν ἀπέκτειναν αὐτούς, τότε ἐξεζήτουν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπέστρεφον καὶ ὤρθριζον πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν
Psalm 77:34 (NETS)	Psalm 77:34 (English Elpenor)
When he was killing them, they would seek him out, and they would turn to God and be early.	When he slew them, they sought him: and they returned and called betimes upon God.

Psalm 78:35 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:35 (KJV)	Psalm 78:35 (NET)
And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.	And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.	They remembered that God was their protector and that God Most High was their deliverer.

Psalm 78:35 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:35 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐμνήσθησαν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς βοηθὸς αὐτῶν ἐστιν καὶ ὁ θεὸς ὁ ὕψιστος λυτρωτὴς αὐτῶν ἐστιν	καὶ ἐμνήσθησαν ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς βοηθὸς αὐτῶν ἐστι καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ῞Υψιστος λυτρωτὴς αὐτῶν ἐστι
Psalm 77:35 (NETS)	Psalm 77:35 (English Elpenor)
And they remembered that God was there helper and God the Most High was their redeemer.	And they remembered that God was their helper, and the most high God was their redeemer.

Psalm 78:36 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:36 (KJV)	Psalm 78:36 (NET)
Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.	Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.	But they deceived him with their words and lied to him.

Psalm 78:36 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:36 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἠπάτησαν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν καὶ τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτῶν ἐψεύσαντο αὐτῷ	καὶ ἠγάπησαν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν καὶ τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτῶν ἐψεύσαντο αὐτῷ
Psalm 77:36 (NETS)	Psalm 77:36 (English Elpenor)
And they deceived him with their mouth, and with their tongue they lied to him.	Yet they loved him [only] with their mouth, and lied to him with their tongue.

Psalm 78:37 (Tanakh)	Psalm 78:37 (KJV)	Psalm 78:37 (NET)
For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.	For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.	They were not really committed to him, and they were unfaithful to his covenant.

Psalm 78:37 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 77:37 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν οὐκ εὐθεῗα μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἐπιστώθησαν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ αὐτοῦ	ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν οὐκ εὐθεῖα μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ ἐπιστώθησαν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ αὐτοῦ
Psalm 77:37 (NETS)	Psalm 77:37 (English Elpenor)
And their heart was not upright with him, nor were they true to his covenant.	For their heart [was] not right with him, neither were they steadfast in his covenant.

John 6:9 (NET)	John 6:9 (KJV)
“Here is a boy who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what good are these for so many people?”	There is a lad here, which hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes: but what are they among so many?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἔστιν παιδάριον ὧδε ὃς ἔχει πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους καὶ δύο ὀψάρια· ἀλλὰ ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους	εστιν παιδαριον εν ωδε ο εχει πεντε αρτους κριθινους και δυο οψαρια αλλα ταυτα τι εστιν εις τοσουτους	εστιν παιδαριον εν ωδε ο εχει πεντε αρτους κριθινους και δυο οψαρια αλλα ταυτα τι εστιν εις τοσουτους

John 6:13 (NET)	John 6:13 (KJV)
So they gathered them up and filled 12 baskets with broken pieces from the five barley loaves left over by the people who had eaten.	Therefore they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over and above unto them that had eaten.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
συνήγαγον οὖν καὶ ἐγέμισαν δώδεκα κοφίνους κλασμάτων ἐκ τῶν πέντε ἄρτων τῶν κριθίνων ἃ ἐπερίσσευσαν τοῖς βεβρωκόσιν	συνηγαγον ουν και εγεμισαν δωδεκα κοφινους κλασματων εκ των πεντε αρτων των κριθινων α επερισσευσεν τοις βεβρωκοσιν	συνηγαγον ουν και εγεμισαν δωδεκα κοφινους κλασματων εκ των πεντε αρτων των κριθινων α επερισσευσεν τοις βεβρωκοσιν

Matthew 14:22 (NET)	Matthew 14:22 (KJV)
Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat and go ahead of him to the other side, while he dispersed the crowds.	And straightway Jesus constrained his disciples to get into a ship, and to go before him unto the other side, while he sent the multitudes away.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Καὶ \|εὐθέως\| ἠνάγκασεν τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐμβῆναι εἰς \|τὸ\| πλοῖον καὶ προάγειν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἕως οὗ ἀπολύσῃ τοὺς ὄχλους	και ευθεως ηναγκασεν ο ιησους τους μαθητας αυτου εμβηναι εις το πλοιον και προαγειν αυτον εις το περαν εως ου απολυση τους οχλους	και ευθεως ηναγκασεν ο ιησους τους μαθητας εμβηναι εις το πλοιον και προαγειν αυτον εις το περαν εως ου απολυση τους οχλους

Matthew 18:2 (NET)	Matthew 18:2 (KJV)
He called a child, had him stand among them,	And Jesus called a little child unto him, and set him in the midst of them,

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος παιδίον ἔστησεν αὐτὸ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν	και προσκαλεσαμενος ο ιησους παιδιον εστησεν αυτο εν μεσω αυτων	και προσκαλεσαμενος ο ιησους παιδιον εστησεν αυτο εν μεσω αυτων

Matthew 18:4 (NET)	Matthew 18:4 (KJV)
Whoever then humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.	Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ὅστις οὖν ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο, οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ μείζων ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν	οστις ουν ταπεινωση εαυτον ως το παιδιον τουτο ουτος εστιν ο μειζων εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων	οστις ουν ταπεινωσει εαυτον ως το παιδιον τουτο ουτος εστιν ο μειζων εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων

The Will of God – Jesus, Part 3

Back to Romans, Part 66

Back to A Monotonous Cycle Revisited, Part 1

Back to Romans, Part 56

Back to Romans, Part 79

Back to Psalm 22, Part 7

Back to Peter’s Second Gospel Proclamation, Part 2

Back to Nothing True, Part 2

Back to Christ-Centered Preaching, Chapter 5

¹ Matthew 14:21 (NET)

² John 6:9 (NET)

³ John 6:13 (NET)

⁴ John 6:14 (NET) Table

⁵ Deuteronomy 18:15 (NET)

⁶ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ο ιησους here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus had αυτου (KJV: his) here. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁸ Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 10:5-8

⁹ Matthew 14:22 (NET)

¹⁰ John 6:15 (NET) Table

¹¹ John 6:25-27 (NET)

¹² John 6:28, 29 (NET) Table

¹³ John 6:30 (NET)

¹⁴ John 6:31 (NET)

¹⁵ John 6:32-34 (NET)

¹⁶ John 6:35a (NET) Table

¹⁷ Deuteronomy 8:2, 3 (NET)

¹⁸ John 6:35b-40 (NET)

¹⁹ John 6:41 (NET)

²⁰ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ο ιησους (KJV: Jesus) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²¹ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had ταπεινώσει here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had ταπεινωση (KJV: shall humble).

²² Matthew 18:1-4 (NET)

²³ Matthew 18:6-9 (NET)

²⁴ John 1:1-3 (NET)

²⁵ John 1:10-13 (NET)

²⁶ John 3:3 (NET)

²⁷ John 3:6, 7 (NET)

David’s Forgiveness, Part 7

Posted on August 16, 2012 by admin

Absalom made David complicit in his scheme to kill Amnon, much like Amnon had done with Tamar. Absalom’s sheepshearers were in Baal Hazor.¹ Sheepshearing was a festive time, called a good day (KJV) or holiday (NET).² Absalom invited all the king’s sons. Then Absalom went to the king and said, “My shearers have begun their work. Let the king and his servants go with me.” But the king said to Absalom, “No, my son. We shouldn’t all go. We shouldn’t burden you in that way.”³

David refused to attend but blessed his son Absalom. If you will not go, Absalom said, then let my brother Amnon go with us. This time David sensed something amiss. Why should he go with you? He asked. But when Absalom pressed him, he sent Amnon and all the king’s sons along with him.⁴

As a warrior and commander of men in the field David was known and feared for being extremely cunning.⁵ Fleeing for his life, exhausted and weeping as he went, David reverted to full battle mode. He made a rapid series of strategic and tactical decisions involving Ittai the Gittite,⁶ Zadok the priest and the ark of God,⁷ Hushai the Arkite,⁸ Ziba and Mephibosheth ⁹ (though Ziba possibly lied),¹⁰ and Shimei.¹¹ In every case David positioned himself advantageously among his allies and enemies on the horizontal plane, even as he positioned himself just as advantageously on the vertical plane with God. Off the battlefield, dealing with his own sons, he comes off like a dolt.

I think I need a little contrast. When King Laius of Thebes received an oracle that he was doomed to perish at the hand of his own son he acted swiftly and decisively. He pinned the child’s ankles together and told Queen Jocasta to kill him. David did not scheme to prove God’s word false, he only fasted and prayed that God would repent regarding the death of his son.

Queen Jocasta turned the task of killing the child over to a servant. The wise servant obeyed his queen by placing the child on a mountain to die of exposure. He neither disobeyed her nor obeyed her so thoroughly that the act couldn’t be repented in the near term. But a shepherd rescued the child and named him “Swollen Feet.” He took the child to Corinth where he was raised by King Polybus and his wife Merope.

When “Swollen Feet” grew up, he suspected that Polybus and Merope were not his real parents, so he asked the Delphic Oracle. The oracle ignored his question but told him that he would kill his father and marry his mother. To forestall that fate “Swollen Feet” (Oedipus, in Greek) fled from Corinth to Thebes. He killed his father on the way and married his mother as a reward for answering the Sphinx’s riddle, because he didn’t know them. It is not that hard to see why God warned Israel not to visit or pay attention to such wicked oracles.

The moral of the story of Oedipus, I suppose, from a parent’s perspective is that having natural affection for one’s children can’t turn out any worse than this. Or, if you want something done right, do it yourself. But the fact that Laius and Jocasta couldn’t kill their son themselves is what makes them credible as human. The contrast between Laius and David helps sharpen my focus.

The things that seem so obvious to me, the things that pleased the people and made David the kind of king who led them in battle and fought their battles for them, were ultimately the things God rejected about David. My son, David said to Solomon, I really wanted to build a temple to honor the Lord my God. But the Lord said to me: “You have spilled a great deal of blood and fought many battles. You must not build a temple to honor me, for you have spilled a great deal of blood on the ground before me.”¹²

If I will not find the things that made David a man after God’s own heart in the sound and fury of his life, perhaps they are in the silence. It makes sense to assume that David was the same man with his sons that he was on a battlefield, that he attempted at least to position himself just as advantageously on the horizontal plane with them as he did on the vertical plane with God. The difference then would be the criteria of advantage.

Was David’s willingness to believe Absalom’s good will toward Amnon an instance of something like Jesus’ saying, Do not judge so that you will not be judged?¹³ I know how distressing it is when a parent assumes the worst about me, even if the worst is closer to the truth. Rather than being entirely deceived by Absalom’s pretense did David make a conscious choice not to treat his son that way? I can see the vertical advantage to that decision. Given the outcome I’m less convinced about the horizontal.

I still fault David for not saying something to Absalom, even taking him aside and talking about Nabal and Abigail. “Absalom, listen, when I was young a man insulted me. I was angry. I thought I was justified taking matters into my own hands. And I would have if not for your brother’s mother Abigail. She came out to me, soothed my anger, fed my men. I’ll never forget something she said to me. ‘Now, my lord, as surely as the Lord lives and as surely as you live, it is the Lord who has kept you from shedding blood and taking matters into your own hands.’¹⁴ She was right. I was on my way to do a foolish thing and the Lord restrained me through her. Her husband, the man who insulted me, died anyway, not by my hand, and Abigail became my wife.”

My imaginary fatherly advice, however, leads me to another concern. Where was Absalom’s Abigail? I’m coming dangerously close to blaming the Lord again, so I want to compare and contrast these two stories in more detail. I’ll start with the question, why did David suppose that he was right to kill Nabal and all his men (KJV: any that pisseth against the wall)?

In the previous chapter David and his men were hiding in a cave, when King Saul, the man who was trying to kill them, entered to relieve himself and didn’t see them in the darkness. But David would not harm the Lord’s chosen one.¹⁵ He stealthily cut off a piece of his robe instead. Afterward David’s conscience bothered him because he had cut off an edge of Saul’s robe.¹⁶ David was also the Lord’s chosen one, anointed by Samuel in Bethlehem.¹⁷

Nabal did not simply reject David’s request to share in some of the food of the sheepshearing festival, he said, Who is David, and who is this son of Jesse? This is a time when many servants are breaking away from their masters! Should I take my bread and my water and my meat that I have slaughtered for my shearers and give them to these men? I don’t even know where they came from!¹⁸

David and his men had been very good to Nabal’s shepherds. They didn’t insult them or take anything from them the entire time they were together in the field. And this was from the mouth of the servant who ran to warn Abigail how her husband had treated a large group of well-armed men: Both night and day they were a protective wall for us the entire time we were with them, while we were tending our flocks.¹⁹ I don’t doubt that when David heard the report from his men he felt like it was Nabal who was pissing on that protective wall. Each of you strap on your sword!²⁰ David said to his men.

Abigail acted immediately. She gathered food and drink and sent them ahead of her by servants to meet David and his army in a manner very reminiscent of how Jacob (Israel) first greeted his brother Esau after many years of exile.²¹ When Abigail arrived she threw herself down before David, and bowed to the ground. Falling at his feet, she said, “My lord, I accept all the guilt! But please let your female servant speak with my lord! Please listen to the words of your servant! My lord should not pay attention to this wicked man Nabal. He simply lives up to his name! His name means ‘fool,’ and he is indeed foolish! But I, your servant, did not see the servants my lord sent.”²²

In other words, she treated David like the Lord’s chosen one, like the king he was soon to be. And David said, Praised be the Lord, the God of Israel, who has sent you this day to meet me! Praised be your good judgment! May you yourself be rewarded for having prevented me this day from shedding blood and taking matters into my own hands!²³

Absalom may have considered himself right as well. Shechem, unlike Amnon, wanted to marry Jacob’s daughter Dinah after he raped her. Her brothers deceived him and his father Hamor. They said that Shechem could marry Dinah and that their clans would trade daughters as wives if the men of Hamor’s clan were all circumcised (Genesis 34:25-29 NET).

In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male. They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left. Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated. They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields. They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses.

Perhaps David recalled this story when he first heard the erroneous report, Absalom has killed all the king’s sons; not one of them is left!²⁴ Jonadab, the man who told Amnon to feign illness to get to Tamar, was apparently still an advisor to the king. He said, My lord should not say, “They have killed all the young men who are the king’s sons.” For only Amnon is dead. This is what Absalom has talked about from the day that Amnon humiliated his sister Tamar.²⁵

So the servant who might have run to warn Absalom’s Abigail apparently kept it secret until it was too late for anyone to act. By the way, Jonadab, the son of David’s brother Shimeah, the mastermind of Tamar’s rape, does not appear again in the Bible, certainly not as an advisor to the king.

Addendum: January 15, 2021
Tables comparing 2 Samuel 13:23; 1 Samuel 25:8; 2 Samuel 13:24; 13:25; 13:26; 13:27; 1 Chronicles 22:7; 22:8; 1 Samuel 25:26; 24:6 (24:7); 24:5 (24:6); 25:10; 25:11; 25:16; 25:13; 25:23; 25:24; 25:25; 25:32; 25:33; Genesis 34:25; 34:26; 34:27; 34:28; 34:29; 2 Samuel 13:30 and 13:32 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:23; 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 25:8; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:24; 13:25; 13:26; 13:27; 1 Chronicles (Supplements) 22:7; 22:8; 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 25:26; 24:6 (24:7); 24:5 (24:6); 25:10; 25:11; 25:16; 25:13; 25:23; 25:24; 25:25; 25:32; 25:33; Genesis 34:25; 34:26; 34:27; 34:28; 34:29; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:30 and 13:32 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

2 Samuel 13:23 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:23 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:23 (NET)
And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had sheep-shearers in Baal-hazor, which is beside Ephraim; and Absalom invited all the king’s sons.	And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had sheepshearers in Baalhazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom invited all the king’s sons.	wo years later Absalom’s sheepshearers were in Baal Hazor, near Ephraim. Absalom invited all the king’s sons.

2 Samuel 13:23 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς διετηρίδα ἡμερῶν καὶ ἦσαν κείροντες τῷ Αβεσσαλωμ ἐν Βελασωρ τῇ ἐχόμενα Εφραιμ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Αβεσσαλωμ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως	Καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς διετηρίδα ἡμερῶν καὶ ἦσαν κείροντες τῷ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἐν Βελασὼρ τῇ ἐχόμενα ᾿Εφραίμ, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως
2 Reigns 13:23 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:23 (English Elpenor)
And it happened in a two-year span of days that they were shearing for Abessalom at Belasor, which borders Ephraim, and Abessalom invited all the sons of the king.	And it came to pass at the end of two whole years, that they were shearing [sheep] for Abessalom in Belasor near Ephraim: and Abessalom invited all the king’s sons.

1 Samuel 25:8 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:8 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:8 (NET)
Ask thy young men, and they will tell thee; wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes; for we come on a good day; give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thy hand, unto thy servants, and to thy son David.’	Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David.	Ask your own servants; they can tell you! May my servants find favor in your sight, for we have come at the time of a holiday. Please provide us—your servants and your son David—with whatever you can spare.’”

1 Samuel 25:8 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐρώτησον τὰ παιδάριά σου καὶ ἀπαγγελοῦσίν σοι καὶ εὑρέτωσαν τὰ παιδάρια χάριν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῗς σου ὅτι ἐφ᾽ ἡμέραν ἀγαθὴν ἥκομεν δὸς δὴ ὃ ἐὰν εὕρῃ ἡ χείρ σου τῷ υἱῷ σου τῷ Δαυιδ	ἐρώτησον τὰ παιδάριά σου καὶ ἀπαγγελοῦσί σοι. καὶ εὑρέτωσαν τὰ παιδάρια χάριν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου, ὅτι ἐφ᾿ ἡμέραν ἀγαθὴν ἥκομεν· δὸς δὴ ὃ ἐὰν εὕρῃ ἡ χείρ σου τῷ υἱῷ σου τῷ Δαυίδ
1 Reigns 25:8 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:8 (English Elpenor)
Ask your lads, and they will tell you. And let my lads find favor in your sight, for we have come on a good day. Do give whatever your hand finds to your son Dauid’.”	Ask thy servants, and they will tell thee. Let then thy servants find grace in thine eyes, for we are come on a good day; give we pray thee, whatsoever thy hand may find, to thy son David.

2 Samuel 13:24 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:24 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:24 (NET)
And Absalom came to the king, and said: ‘Behold now, thy servant hath sheep-shearers; let the king, I pray thee, and his servants go with thy servant.’	And Absalom came to the king, and said, Behold now, thy servant hath sheepshearers; let the king, I beseech thee, and his servants go with thy servant.	Then Absalom went to the king and said, “My shearers have begun their work. Let the king and his servants go with me.”

2 Samuel 13:24 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἦλθεν Αβεσσαλωμ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ εἶπεν ἰδοὺ δὴ κείρουσιν τῷ δούλῳ σου πορευθήτω δὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ παῗδες αὐτοῦ μετὰ τοῦ δούλου σου	καὶ ἦλθεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ εἶπεν· ἰδοὺ δὴ κείρουσι τῷ δούλῳ σου, πορευθήτω δὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ μετὰ τοῦ δούλου σου
2 Reigns 13:24 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:24 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom came to king and said, “Behold now, they are shearing for your slave; do let the king and his servants go with your slave.”	And Abessalom came to the king, and said, Behold, thy servant has a sheep-shearing; let now the king and his servants go with thy servant.

2 Samuel 13:25 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:25 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:25 (NET)
And the king said to Absalom: ‘Nay, my son, let us not all go, lest we be burdensome unto thee.’ And he pressed him; howbeit he would not go, but blessed him.	And the king said to Absalom, Nay, my son, let us not all now go, lest we be chargeable unto thee. And he pressed him: howbeit he would not go, but blessed him.	But the king said to Absalom, “No, my son. We shouldn’t all go. We shouldn’t burden you in that way.” Though Absalom pressed him, the king was not willing to go. Instead, David blessed him.

2 Samuel 13:25 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Αβεσσαλωμ μὴ δή υἱέ μου μὴ πορευθῶμεν πάντες ἡμεῗς καὶ οὐ μὴ καταβαρυνθῶμεν ἐπὶ σέ καὶ ἐβιάσατο αὐτόν καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν τοῦ πορευθῆναι καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ· μὴ δή, υἱέ μου, μὴ πορευθῶμεν πάντες ἡμεῖς, καὶ οὐ μὴ καταβαρυνθῶμεν ἐπὶ σέ. καὶ ἐβιάσατο αὐτόν, καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησε τοῦ πορευθῆναι καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν
2 Reigns 13:25 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:25 (English Elpenor)
And the king said to Abessalom, “Surely not my son, let us not all go, and we will not be a burden on you.” And he pressed him, but he did not want to go, and he blessed him.	And Abessalom came to the king, and said, Behold, thy servant has a sheep-shearing; let now the king and his servants go with thy servant.

2 Samuel 13:26 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:26 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:26 (NET)
Then said Absalom: ‘If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go with us.’ And the king said unto him: ‘Why should he go with thee?’	Then said Absalom, If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go with us. And the king said unto him, Why should he go with thee?	Then Absalom said, “If you will not go, then let my brother Amnon go with us.” The king replied to him, “Why should he go with you?”

2 Samuel 13:26 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Αβεσσαλωμ καὶ εἰ μή πορευθήτω δὴ μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν Αμνων ὁ ἀδελφός μου καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεύς ἵνα τί πορευθῇ μετὰ σοῦ	καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πρὸς αὐτόν· καὶ εἰ μή, πορευθήτω δὴ μεθ’ ἡμῶν ᾿Αμνὼν ὁ ἀδελφός μου. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεύς· ἱνατί πορευθῇ μετὰ σοῦ
2 Reigns 13:26 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:26 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom said, “And if not, do let Amnon my brother go with us.” And the king said to him, “Why should he go with you.”	And Abessalom said to him, And if not, let I pray thee, my brother Amnon go with us. And the king said to him, Why should he go with thee?

2 Samuel 13:27 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:27 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:27 (NET)
But Absalom pressed him, and he let Amnon and all the king’s sons go with him.	But Absalom pressed him, that he let Amnon and all the king’s sons go with him.	But when Absalom pressed him, he sent Amnon and all the king’s sons along with him.

2 Samuel 13:27 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐβιάσατο αὐτὸν Αβεσσαλωμ καὶ ἀπέστειλεν μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ τὸν Αμνων καὶ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐποίησεν Αβεσσαλωμ πότον κατὰ τὸν πότον τοῦ βασιλέως	καὶ ἐβιάσατο αὐτὸν ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ, καὶ ἀπέστειλε μετ’ αὐτοῦ τὸν ᾿Αμνὼν καὶ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως. καὶ ἐποίησεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πότον κατὰ τὸν πότον τοῦ βασιλέως
2 Reigns 13:27 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:27 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom pressed him, and he sent with him Amnon and all the sons of the king. And Abessalom made a feast according to the feast of the king.	And Abessalom pressed him, and he sent with him Amnon and all the king’s sons; and Abessalom made a banquet like the banquet of the king.

1 Chronicles 22:7 (Tanakh)	1 Chronicles 22:7 (KJV)	1 Chronicles 22:7 (NET)
And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God:	And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God:	David said to Solomon: “My son, I really wanted to build a temple to honor the Lord my God.

1 Chronicles 22:7 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Chronicles 22:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ Σαλωμων τέκνον ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ ψυχῇ τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου θεοῦ	καὶ εἶπε Δαυὶδ Σαλωμών· τέκνον, ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ ψυχῇ τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματι Κυρίου Θεοῦ
1 Supplements 22:7 (NETS)	1 Chronicles 22:7 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid said to Salomon, “Child, I had it in mind to build a house for the name of the Lord God.	And David said to Solomon, [My] child, it was in my heart to build a house to the name of the Lord God.

1 Chronicles 22:8 (Tanakh)	1 Chronicles 22:8 (KJV)	1 Chronicles 22:8 (NET)
But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight.	But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight.	But this was the Lord’s message to me: ‘You have spilled a great deal of blood and fought many battles. You must not build a temple to honor me, for you have spilled a great deal of blood on the ground before me.

1 Chronicles 22:8 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Chronicles 22:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ λόγος κυρίου λέγων αἷμα εἰς πλῆθος ἐξέχεας καὶ πολέμους μεγάλους ἐποίησας οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματί μου ὅτι αἵματα πολλὰ ἐξέχεας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐναντίον μου	καὶ ἐγένετό μοι λόγος Κυρίου λέγων· αἷμα εἰς πλῆθος ἐξέχεας καὶ πολέμους μεγάλους ἐποίησας· οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ὅτι αἵματα πολλὰ ἐξέχεας ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐναντίον μου
1 Supplements 22:8 (NETS)	1 Chronicles 22:8 (English Elpenor)
And a word of the Lord came to me, saying, ‘You have shed blood in abundance and have waged great wars; you shall not build a house to my name, because you have shed much blood before me upon the earth.	But the word of the Lord came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast carried on great wars: thou shalt not build a house to my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth before me.

1 Samuel 25:26 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:26 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:26 (NET)
Now therefore, my lord, as HaShem liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing HaShem hath withholden thee from bloodguiltiness, and from finding redress for thyself with thine own hand, now therefore let thine enemies, and them that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.	Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.	“Now, my lord, as surely as the Lord lives and as surely as you live, it is the Lord who has kept you from shedding blood and taking matters into your own hands. Now may your enemies and those who seek to harm my lord be like Nabal.

1 Samuel 25:26 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ νῦν κύριε ζῇ κύριος καὶ ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου καθὼς ἐκώλυσέν σε κύριος τοῦ μὴ ἐλθεῗν εἰς αἷμα ἀθῷον καὶ σῴζειν τὴν χεῗρά σού σοι καὶ νῦν γένοιντο ὡς Ναβαλ οἱ ἐχθροί σου καὶ οἱ ζητοῦντες τῷ κυρίῳ μου κακά	καὶ νῦν, κύριέ μου, ζῇ Κύριος καὶ ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου,καθὼς ἐκώλυσέ σε Κύριος τοῦ μὴ ἐλθεῖν εἰς αἷμα ἀθῷον καὶ σώζειν τὴν χεῖρά σού σοι, καὶ νῦν γένοιντο ὡς Νάβαλ οἱ ἐχθροί σου καὶ οἱ ζητοῦντες τῷ κυρίῳ μου κακά
1 Reigns 25:26 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:26 (English Elpenor)
“And now, my lord, the Lord lives, and your life lives, since the Lord restrained you from coming against innocent blood, and to save your hand for yourself, even now may your enemies and those who seek evil for my lord be like Nabal.	And now, my lord, [as] the Lord lives, and thy soul lives, as the Lord has kept thee from coming against innocent blood, and from executing vengeance for thyself, now therefore let thine enemies, and those that seek evil against my lord, become as Nabal.

1 Samuel 24:7 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 24:6 (KJV)	1 Samuel 24:6 (NET)
And he said unto his men: ‘The HaShem forbid it me, that I should do this thing unto my lord, HaShem’S anointed, to put forth my hand against him, seeing he is HaShem’S anointed.’	And he said unto his men, The LORD forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the LORD’S anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD.	He said to his men, “May the Lord keep me far away from doing such a thing to my lord, who is the Lord’s chosen one, by extending my hand against him. After all, he is the Lord’s chosen one.”

1 Samuel 24:6 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 24:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας αὐτοῦ μηδαμῶς μοι παρὰ κυρίου εἰ ποιήσω τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τῷ κυρίῳ μου τῷ χριστῷ κυρίου ἐπενέγκαι χεῗρά μου ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν ὅτι χριστὸς κυρίου ἐστὶν οὗτος	καὶ εἶπε Δαυὶδ πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας αὐτοῦ· μηδαμῶς μοι παρὰ Κυρίου, εἰ ποιήσω τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τῷ κυρίῳ μου τῷ χριστῷ Κυρίου ἐπενέγκαι χεῖρά μου ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, ὅτι χριστὸς Κυρίου ἐστὶν οὗτος
1 Reigns 24:7 (NETS)	1 Kings 24:7 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid said to his men, “Not at all is it to me from the Lord, if I shall do this thing to my lord, the Lord’s anointed, to bring my hand against him, for this one is the Lord’s anointed.”	And David said to his men, The Lord forbid it me, that I should do this thing to my lord the anointed of the Lord, to lift my hand against him; for he is the anointed of the Lord.

1 Samuel 24:6 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 24:5 (KJV)	1 Samuel 24:5 (NET)
And it came to pass afterward, that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul’s skirt.	And it came to pass afterward, that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul’s skirt.	Afterward David’s conscience bothered him because he had cut off an edge of Saul’s robe.

1 Samuel 24:5 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 24:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγενήθη μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐπάταξεν καρδία Δαυιδ αὐτόν ὅτι ἀφεῗλεν τὸ πτερύγιον τῆς διπλοΐδος αὐτοῦ	καὶ ἐγενήθη μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐπάταξε καρδία Δαυὶδ αὐτόν, ὅτι ἀφεῖλε τὸ πτερύγιον τῆς διπλοΐδος αὐτοῦ
1 Reigns 24:6 (NETS)	1 Kings 24:6 (English Elpenor)
And it happened after these things that Dauid’s heart smote him, because he had removed the wing of his double-cloak.	And it came to pass after this that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off the skirt of his garment.

1 Samuel 25:10 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:10 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:10 (NET)
And Nabal answered David’s servants, and said: ‘Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master;	And Nabal answered David’s servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.	But Nabal responded to David’s servants, “Who is David, and who is this son of Jesse? This is a time when many servants are breaking away from their masters!

1 Samuel 25:10 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ναβαλ τοῗς παισὶν Δαυιδ καὶ εἶπεν τίς ὁ Δαυιδ καὶ τίς ὁ υἱὸς Ιεσσαι σήμερον πεπληθυμμένοι εἰσὶν οἱ δοῦλοι ἀναχωροῦντες ἕκαστος ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ	καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Νάβαλ τοῖς παισὶ Δαυὶδ καὶ εἶπε· τίς ὁ Δαυὶδ καὶ τίς ὁ υἱὸς ᾿Ιεσσαί; σήμερον πεπληθυμμένοι εἰσὶν οἱ δοῦλοι ἀναχωροῦντες ἕκαστος ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ
1 Reigns 25:10 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:10 (English Elpenor)
and Nabal answered Dauid’s servants and said, “Who is Dauid? And who is the son of Iessai? Slaves have been multiplied today, when they are breaking away each from his master.	And Nabal sprang up, and answered the servants of David, and said, Who [is] David? and who [is] the son of Jessae? Now-a-days there is abundance of servants who depart every one from his master.

1 Samuel 25:11 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:11 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:11 (NET)
shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men of whom I know not whence they are?’	Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?	Should I take my bread and my water and my meat that I have slaughtered for my shearers and give them to these men? I don’t even know where they came from!”

1 Samuel 25:11 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ λήμψομαι τοὺς ἄρτους μου καὶ τὸν οἶνόν μου καὶ τὰ θύματά μου ἃ τέθυκα τοῗς κείρουσίν μου τὰ πρόβατα καὶ δώσω αὐτὰ ἀνδράσιν οἷς οὐκ οἶδα πόθεν εἰσίν	καὶ λήψομαι τοὺς ἄρτους μου καὶ τὸν οἶνόν μου καὶ τὰ θύματά μου, ἃ τέθυκα τοῖς κείρουσί μου τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ δώσω αὐτὰ ἀνδράσιν, οἷς οὐκ οἶδα πόθεν εἰσί
1 Reigns 25:11 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:11 (English Elpenor)
And shall I take my bread and my wine and my sacrifices, the sheep that I have sacrificed for my shearers, and give them to men who come from I do not know where?”	And shall I take my bread, and my wine, and my beasts that I have slain for my shearers, and shall I give them to men of whom I know not whence they are?

1 Samuel 25:16 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:16 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:16 (NET)
they were a wall unto us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.	They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.	Both night and day they were a protective wall for us the entire time we were with them, while we were tending our flocks.

1 Samuel 25:16 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὡς τεῗχος ἦσαν περὶ ἡμᾶς καὶ τὴν νύκτα καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἃς ἤμεθα παρ᾽ αὐτοῗς ποιμαίνοντες τὸ ποίμνιον	καὶ ἐν τῷ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἐν ἀγρῷ ὡς τεῖχος ἦσαν περὶ ἡμᾶς καὶ τὴν νύκτα καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, ἃς ἤμεθα παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς ποιμαίνοντες τὸ ποίμνιον
1 Reigns 25:16 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:16 (English Elpenor)
they were like a wall around us both by night and by day, during all the days that we were with them keeping the flock.	And when we were in the field, they were as a wall round about us, both by night and by day, all the days that we were with them feeding the flock.

1 Samuel 25:13 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:13 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:13 (NET)
And David said unto his men: ‘Gird ye on every man his sword.’ And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.	And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff.	Then David instructed his men, “Each of you strap on your sword!” So each one strapped on his sword, and David also strapped on his sword. About 400 men followed David, while 200 stayed behind with the equipment.

1 Samuel 25:13 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ τοῗς ἀνδράσιν αὐτοῦ ζώσασθε ἕκαστος τὴν ῥομφαίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνέβησαν ὀπίσω Δαυιδ ὡς τετρακόσιοι ἄνδρες καὶ οἱ διακόσιοι ἐκάθισαν μετὰ τῶν σκευῶν	καὶ εἶπε Δαυὶδ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν αὐτοῦ· ζώσασθε ἕκαστος τὴν ρομφαίαν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἀνέβησαν ὀπίσω Δαυὶδ ὡς τετρακόσιοι ἄνδρες, καὶ οἱ διακόσιοι ἐκάθισαν μετὰ τῶν σκευῶν
1 Reigns 25:13 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:13 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid said to his men, “Each strap on his sword!” and about four hundred men went up after Dauid, and two hundred remained with the baggage.	And David said to his men, Gird on every man his sword. And they went up after David, about four hundred men: and two hundred abode with the stuff.

1 Samuel 25:23 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:23 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:23 (NET)
And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.	And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,	When Abigail saw David, she got down quickly from the donkey, threw herself facedown before David, and bowed to the ground.

1 Samuel 25:23 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶδεν Αβιγαια τὸν Δαυιδ καὶ ἔσπευσεν καὶ κατεπήδησεν ἀπὸ τῆς ὄνου καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐνώπιον Δαυιδ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	καὶ εἶδεν ᾿Αβιγαία τὸν Δαυὶδ καὶ ἔσπευσε καὶ κατεπήδησεν ἀπὸ τῆς ὄνου καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐνώπιον Δαυὶδ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν
1 Reigns 25:23 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:23 (English Elpenor)
And Abigaia saw Dauid, and she hurried and alighted from the donkey and fell before Dauid on her face and did obeisance to him on the ground	And Abigaia saw David, and she hasted and alighted from her ass; and she fell before David on her face, and did obeisance to him, [bowing] to the ground

1 Samuel 25:24 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:24 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:24 (NET)
And she fell at his feet, and said: ‘Upon me, my lord, upon me be the iniquity; and let thy handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine ears, and hear thou the words of thy handmaid.	And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.	Falling at his feet, she said, “My lord, I accept all the guilt! But please let your female servant speak to you! Please listen to the words of your servant!

1 Samuel 25:24 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν ἐν ἐμοί κύριέ μου ἡ ἀδικία λαλησάτω δὴ ἡ δούλη σου εἰς τὰ ὦτά σου καὶ ἄκουσον τῆς δούλης σου λόγον	ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· ἐν ἐμοὶ κύριέ μου ἡ ἀδικία· λαλησάτω δὴ ἡ δούλη σου εἰς τὰ ὦτά σου, καὶ ἄκουσον λόγων τῆς δούλης σου
1 Reigns 25:24 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:24 (English Elpenor)
on his feet and said, “Upon me, my lord, be the injustice; do let your slave speak in your ears, and hear a word of your slave.	[even] to his feet, and said, On me, my lord, be my wrong: let, I pray thee, thy servant speak in thine ears, and hear thou the words of thy servant.

1 Samuel 25:25 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:25 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:25 (NET)
Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this base fellow, even Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name, and churlishness is with him; but I thy handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.	Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.	My lord should not pay attention to this wicked man Nabal. He simply lives up to his name! His name means ‘fool,’ and he is indeed foolish! But I, your servant, did not see the servants my lord sent.

1 Samuel 25:25 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν λοιμὸν τοῦτον ὅτι κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ οὕτως ἐστίν Ναβαλ ὄνομα αὐτῷ καὶ ἀφροσύνη μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ ἡ δούλη σου οὐκ εἶδον τὰ παιδάριά σου ἃ ἀπέστειλας	μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν λοιμὸν τοῦτον, ὅτι κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ οὗτός ἐστι· Νάβαλ ὄνομα αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀφροσύνη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐγὼ ἡ δούλη σου οὐκ εἶδον τὰ παιδάρια τοῦ κυρίου μου, ἃ ἀπέστειλας
1 Reigns 25:25 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:25 (English Elpenor)
Let not now my lord set his heart on this pestiferous person, for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him, but I, your slave, did not see your lads whom you sent.	Let not my lord, I pray thee, take to heart this pestilent man, for according to his name, so is he; Nabal [is] his name, and folly [is] with him: but I thy handmaid saw not the servants of my lord whom thou didst send.

1 Samuel 25:32 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:32 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:32 (NET)
And David said to Abigail: ‘Blessed be HaShem, the G-d of Israel, who sent thee this day to meet me;	And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:	Then David said to Abigail, “Praised be the Lord, the God of Israel, who has sent you this day to meet me!

1 Samuel 25:32 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ τῇ Αβιγαια εὐλογητὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ὃς ἀπέστειλέν σε σήμερον ἐν ταύτῃ εἰς ἀπάντησίν μου	καὶ εἶπε Δαυὶδ τῇ ᾿Αβιγαίᾳ· εὐλογητὸς Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ᾿Ισραήλ, ὃς ἀπέστειλέ σε σήμερον ἐν ταύτῃ εἰς ἀπάντησίν μοι
1 Reigns 25:32 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:32 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid said to Abigaia, “Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who sent you to meet me on this very day,	And David said to Abigaia, Blessed [be] the Lord God of Israel, who sent thee this very day to meet me:

1 Samuel 25:33 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 25:33 (KJV)	1 Samuel 25:33 (NET)
and blessed be thy discretion, and blessed be thou, that hast kept me this day from bloodguiltiness, and from finding redress for myself with mine own hand.	And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.	Praised be your good judgment! May you yourself be rewarded for having prevented me this day from shedding blood and taking matters into my own hands!

1 Samuel 25:33 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 25:33 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εὐλογητὸς ὁ τρόπος σου καὶ εὐλογημένη σὺ ἡ ἀποκωλύσασά με σήμερον ἐν ταύτῃ μὴ ἐλθεῗν εἰς αἵματα καὶ σῶσαι χεῗρά μου ἐμοί	καὶ εὐλογητὸς ὁ τρόπος σου, καὶ εὐλογημένη σὺ ἡ ἀποκωλύσασά με σήμερον ἐν ταύτῃ μὴ ἐλθεῖν εἰς αἵματα καὶ σῶσαι χεῖρά μου ἐμοί
1 Reigns 25:33 (NETS)	1 Kings 25:33 (English Elpenor)
and blessed be your character, and blessed be you who has hindered me on this very day so as not to come into spilling of blood and to save my hand for myself!	And David said to Abigaia, Blessed [be] the Lord God of Israel, who sent thee this very day to meet me:

Genesis 34:25 (Tanakh)	Genesis 34:25 (KJV)	Genesis 34:25 (NET)
And it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city unawares, and slew all the males.	And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males.	In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male.

Genesis 34:25 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 34:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ὅτε ἦσαν ἐν τῷ πόνῳ ἔλαβον οἱ δύο υἱοὶ Ιακωβ Συμεων καὶ Λευι οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δινας ἕκαστος τὴν μάχαιραν αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ ἀπέκτειναν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν	ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, ὅτε ἦσαν ἐν τῷ πόνῳ, ἔλαβον οἱ δύο υἱοὶ ᾿Ιακὼβ Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας ἕκαστος τὴν μάχαιραν αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ ἀπέκτειναν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν
Genesis 34:25 (NETS)	Genesis 34:25 (English Elpenor)
Now it came about on the third day, when they were in pain, that the two sons of Iakob, Symeon and Leui, Dina’s brothers, took each one his dagger and entered into the city safely and killed every male.	And it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, the two sons of Jacob, Symeon and Levi, Dina’s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city securely, and slew every male.

Genesis 34:26 (Tanakh)	Genesis 34:26 (KJV)	Genesis 34:26 (NET)
And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went forth.	And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went out.	They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left.

Genesis 34:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 34:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τόν τε Εμμωρ καὶ Συχεμ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ ἔλαβον τὴν Διναν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Συχεμ καὶ ἐξῆλθον	τόν τε ᾿Εμμὼρ καὶ Συχὲμ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας. καὶ ἔλαβον τὴν Δείναν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Συχὲμ καὶ ἐξῆλθον
Genesis 34:26 (NETS)	Genesis 34:26 (English Elpenor)
They killed both Hemmor and his son Sychem with a dagger’s edge and took Dina out of Sychem’s house and went away.	And they slew Emmor and Sychem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dina out of the house of Sychem, and went forth.

Genesis 34:27 (Tanakh)	Genesis 34:27 (KJV)	Genesis 34:27 (NET)
The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.	The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.	Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated.

Genesis 34:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 34:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ιακωβ εἰσῆλθον ἐπὶ τοὺς τραυματίας καὶ διήρπασαν τὴν πόλιν ἐν ᾗ ἐμίαναν Διναν τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν	οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ ᾿Ιακὼβ εἰσῆλθον ἐπὶ τοὺς τραυματίας καὶ διήρπασαν τὴν πόλιν, ἐν ᾗ ἐμίαναν Δείναν τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν
Genesis 34:27 (NETS)	Genesis 34:27 (English Elpenor)
Then the sons of Iakob came upon the casualties and plundered the city in which they had defiled their sister Dina,	And they slew Emmor and Sychem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dina out of the house of Sychem, and went forth.

Genesis 34:28 (Tanakh)	Genesis 34:28 (KJV)	Genesis 34:28 (NET)
They took their flocks and their herds and their asses, and that which was in the city and that which was in the field;	They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field,	They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields.

Genesis 34:28 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 34:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς βόας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς ὄνους αὐτῶν ὅσα τε ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ ὅσα ἦν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἔλαβον	καὶ τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς βόας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς ὄνους αὐτῶν, ὅσα τε ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ ὅσα ἦν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ, ἔλαβον
Genesis 34:28 (NETS)	Genesis 34:28 (English Elpenor)
and they took their sheep and their cattle and their donkeys, both as many as were in the city and as many as were in the plain.	And their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses they took, and all things whatsoever were in the city, and whatsoever were in the plain.

Genesis 34:29 (Tanakh)	Genesis 34:29 (KJV)	Genesis 34:29 (NET)
and all their wealth, and all their little ones and their wives, took they captive and spoiled, even all that was in the house.	And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house.	They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses.

Genesis 34:29 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 34:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ πάντα τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευὴν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς γυναῗκας αὐτῶν ᾐχμαλώτευσαν καὶ διήρπασαν ὅσα τε ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ ὅσα ἦν ἐν ταῗς οἰκίαις	καὶ πάντα τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευὴν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν ᾐχμαλώτευσαν, καὶ διήρπασαν ὅσα τε ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ ὅσα ἦν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις
Genesis 34:29 (NETS)	Genesis 34:29 (English Elpenor)
And all their slaves and all their chattels and their wives they captured, and they plundered both as many things as were in the city and as many things as were in the dwellings.	And they took captive all the persons of them, and all their store, and their wives, and plundered both whatever things there were in the city, and whatever things there were in the houses.

2 Samuel 13:30 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:30 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:30 (NET)
And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that the tidings came to David, saying: ‘Absalom hath slain all the king’s sons, and there is not one of them left.’	And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king’s sons, and there is not one of them left.	While they were still on their way, the following report reached David: “Absalom has killed all the king’s sons; not one of them is left!”

2 Samuel 13:30 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῶν ὄντων ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ καὶ ἡ ἀκοὴ ἦλθεν πρὸς Δαυιδ λέγων ἐπάταξεν Αβεσσαλωμ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς	καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῶν ὄντων ἐν τῷ ὁδῷ καὶ ἡ ἀκοὴ ἦλθε πρὸς Δαυὶδ λέγων· ἐπάταξεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς
2 Reigns 13:30 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:30 (English Elpenor)
And it happened, while they were on the way, that the report came to Dauid, saying, “Abessalom struck all the sons of the king, and nne of them was left, not even one.”	And it came to pass, when they were in the way, that a report came to David, saying, Abessalom has slain all the king’s sons, and there is not one of them left.

2 Samuel 13:32 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:32 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:32 (NET)
And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David’s brother, answered and said: ‘Let not my lord suppose that they have killed all the young men the king’s sons; for Amnon only is dead; for by the appointment of Absalom this hath been determined from the day that he forced his sister Tamar.	And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David’s brother, answered and said, Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men the king’s sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of Absalom this hath been determined from the day that he forced his sister Tamar.	Jonadab, the son of David’s brother Shimeah, said, “My lord should not say, ‘They have killed all the young men who are the king’s sons.’ For only Amnon is dead. This is what Absalom has talked about from the day that Amnon humiliated his sister Tamar.

2 Samuel 13:32 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ιωναδαβ υἱὸς Σαμαα ἀδελφοῦ Δαυιδ καὶ εἶπεν μὴ εἰπάτω ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεὺς ὅτι πάντα τὰ παιδάρια τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως ἐθανάτωσεν ὅτι Αμνων μονώτατος ἀπέθανεν ὅτι ἐπὶ στόματος Αβεσσαλωμ ἦν κείμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἐταπείνωσεν Θημαρ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ	καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ᾿Ιωναδὰβ υἱὸς Σαμαὰ ἀδελφοῦ Δαυὶδ καὶ εἶπε· μὴ εἰπάτω ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεύς, ὅτι πάντα τὰ παιδάρια τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως ἐθανάτωσεν, ὅτι ᾿Αμνὼν μονώτατος ἀπέθανεν· ὅτι ἐπὶ στόματος ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἦν κείμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας, ἧς ἐταπείνωσε Θημὰρ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ
2 Reigns 13:32 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:32 (English Elpenor)
And Ionadab, son of Samaa brother of Dauid, answered and said, “Let not my lord the king say that he put to death all the lads, the sons of the king, for only Amnon alone has died, for it was determined by the mouth of Abessalom from the day when he humiliated Themar his sister.	And Jonadab the son of Samaa brother of David, answered and said, Let not my Lord the king say that he has slain all the young men the sons of the king, for Amnon only of them all is dead; for he was appointed [to death] by the mouth of Abessalom from the day that he humbled his sister Themar.

David’s Forgiveness, Part 8

Back to David’s Forgiveness, Part 9

Back to What Is Sexual Immorality?

Back to Fear – Genesis, Part 4

Back to Torture, Part 5

Back to Atonement, Part 1

Back to Keep Yourselves from Idols, Part 1

Back to Christ-Centered Preaching, Chapter 3

Back to Justice and Mercy Revisited, Part 1

¹ 2 Samuel 13:23a (NET)

² 1 Samuel 25:8

³ 2 Samuel 13:23b-25a (NET)

⁴ 2 Samuel 13:26, 27 (NET)

⁵ 1 Samuel 23:22 (NET)

⁶ 2 Samuel 15:19-22 (NET)

⁷ 2 Samuel 15:24-29 (NET)

⁸ 2 Samuel 15:31-37 (NET)

⁹ 2 Samuel 16:1-4 (NET)

¹⁰ 2 Samuel 19:25-30 (NET)

¹¹ 2 Samuel 16:5-13 (NET)

¹² 1 Chronicles 22:7, 8 (NET)

¹³ Matthew 7:1 (NET)

¹⁴ 1 Samuel 25:26a (NET)

¹⁵ 1 Samuel 24:6 (NET)

¹⁶ 1 Samuel 24:5 (NET)

¹⁷ 1 Samuel 16:13 (NET)

¹⁸ 1 Samuel 25:10, 11 (NET)

¹⁹ 1 Samuel 25:16 (NET)

²⁰ 1 Samuel 25:13 (NET)

²¹ Genesis 32:3-33:17

²² 1 Samuel 25:23-25 (NET)

²³ 1 Samuel 25:32, 33 (NET)

²⁴ 2 Samuel 13:30 (NET)

²⁵ 2 Samuel 13:32 (NET)

Romans, Part 12

Posted on August 15, 2012 by admin

For circumcision has its value (ὠφελεῖ, a form of ὠφελέω) if you practice (πράσσῃς, a form of πράσσω) the law (νόμον, a form of νόμος), but if you break (παραβάτης) the law (νόμου, another form of νόμος), your circumcision has become uncircumcision.¹ I began here in the last essay and went on to John 7 to contrast Jesus to his adversaries, even his mother and brothers, to try to refine my understanding of the difference between those who hear (ἀκροατής) and those who do (ποιητής) the law. I want to do that some more in this essay after covering more of what Paul said in Romans 2:26-29 (NET).

Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys the righteous requirements of the law, will not² his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? And will not the physically uncircumcised man who keeps the law judge you who, despite the written code and circumcision, transgress (παραβάτην, a form of παραβάτης) the law? For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh, but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart by the Spirit and not by the written code. This person’s praise is not from people but from God.

Those who do (ποιητής) the law are like the Jew who is one inwardly, his circumcision is of the heart by the Spirit, his praise is from God. The ὑποκριτής, the actor, needs a human audience. Jesus said, Thus whenever you do charitable giving, do not blow a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites (ὑποκριταὶ, a form of ὑποκριτής) do in synagogues and on streets so that people will praise them.³ Whenever you pray,⁴ do not be⁵ like⁶ the hypocrites (ὑποκριταὶ, a form of ὑποκριτής), because they love to pray while standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people can see⁷ them.⁸ When you fast, do not look sullen like⁹ the hypocrites (ὑποκριταὶ, a form of ὑποκριτής), for they make their faces unattractive so that people will see them fasting.¹⁰

And this circumcision that is of the heart by the Spirit is so much more than doing it again with feeling. Actors have deep feelings. The Pharisees were passionate about wanting to kill Jesus, but were they passionate because they cared so deeply for God’s honor or because Jesus upstaged them? It is a terrible thing to upstage an actor.

After his brothers had gone up to the feast, then Jesus himself also went up, not openly but¹¹ in secret.¹² Midway through the feast He began teaching in the temple courts. Then¹³ the Jewish leaders were astonished and said, “How does this man know so much when he has never had formal instruction?”¹⁴ In other words, he wasn’t instructed by the Jewish leaders. Jesus replied, My teaching (διδαχή) is not from me, but from the one who sent me. If anyone wants (θέλῃ, a form of θέλω) to do (ποιεῖν, a form of ποιέω) God’s will (θέλημα), he will know (γνώσεται, a form of γινώσκω) about my teaching (διδαχῆς, another form of διδαχή), whether it is from God or whether I speak from my own authority.¹⁵

I’m going to say for the sake of argument that the above statement is true. I should believe it. I claim to believe Jesus. It says that since his hearers did not know about his teaching, whether it was from God or whether He spoke from his own authority, Jesus was convinced that they did not want to do God’s will. They were those who hear (ἀκροατής) the law by definition. Their heart wasn’t in it, not by the Spirit but by the written code. They were actors (ὑποκριταὶ, a form of ὑποκριτής), hypocrites.

But wanting to do God’s will is a fairly high prerequisite to knowing about his teaching. It touches me deeply how faith helps me overcome that deficit. I may not want to do God’s will—yet—but through the faith that Jesus’ teaching comes from God and is his will I can work backwards, as it were. More to the point, He can work me backwards to the desire for God’s will. As Paul wrote, continue working out your salvation with awe and reverence, for the one bringing forth in you both the desire (θέλειν, another form of θέλω) and the effort – for the sake of his good pleasure – is God [Table].¹⁶

For some good reasons I’ve thought of hypocrisy as boasting about the law but not actually doing it. I want to consider something else Paul wrote: Beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of those who mutilate the flesh (e.g., get circumcised to make themselves righteous)! For we are the circumcision, the ones who worship by the Spirit of God,¹⁷ exult in Christ Jesus, and do not rely on human credentials…¹⁸ Then Paul described his past as Saul the hypocrite this way: If someone thinks he has good reasons to put confidence in human credentials, I have more: I was circumcised on the eighth day, from the people of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews. I lived according to the law as a Pharisee. In my zeal for God I persecuted the church. According to the righteousness stipulated in the law I was blameless [Table].¹⁹

As I considered that Paul had the audacity to write such a thing, and that the Holy Spirit had the audacity to put that writing in Holy Scripture, I had to amend my thoughts and feelings about hearers (ἀκροαταὶ, a form of ἀκροατής) and hypocrites (ὑποκριταὶ, a form of ὑποκριτής) relative to doers or poets (ποιηταὶ, a form of ποιητής). The ἀκροαταὶ and the ὑποκριταὶ may not commit adultery, but the ποιηταὶ love their wives. And I don’t mean that they have warm fuzzy feelings for their wives when their wives make them feel good. I mean love (1 Corinthians 13:4-8a NET).

Love is patient, love is kind, it is not envious. Love does not brag, it is not puffed up. It is not rude, it is not self-serving, it is not easily angered or resentful. It is not glad about injustice, but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends [Table].

The ἀκροαταὶ and the ὑποκριταὶ may not steal, but the ποιηταὶ love their neighbors as themselves. The ἀκροαταὶ and the ὑποκριταὶ may not kill, but the ποιηταὶ love their enemies so that [they] may be like [their] Father in heaven, since [He] causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.²⁰ I have begun, but I have only begun to scratch the surface of what it means to be a ποιητής (poet, doer) of the law.

I performed one miracle and you are all amazed, Jesus said to the ἀκροαταὶ and the ὑποκριταὶ around Him. However, because Moses²¹ gave you the practice of circumcision (not that it came from Moses,²² but from the forefathers), you circumcise a male child on the Sabbath. But if a male child is circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses²³ is not broken, why are you angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath? Do not judge (κρίνετε, a form of κρίνω) according to external appearance, but judge²⁴ (κρίνετε, a form of κρίνω) with proper (δικαίαν, a form of δίκαιος) judgment (κρίσιν, a form of κρίσις).²⁵

So Jesus, speaking to hearers and actors rather than doers or poets of the law, said, Do not judge me (or by extension, God) according to external appearance, but judge me with proper (that is righteous) judgment. Slowly, it seems, I learn that lesson.

Addendum: January 1, 2021
I was struck by the Greek word κατατομήν (a form of κατατομή), translated of those who mutilate the flesh (NET) and of the concision (KJV) as I worked through this again. There is a very interesting answer to the question “What is the meaning of ‘katatomē’ in Philippians 3:2?” on the Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange online. But concision has me rethinking my rather glib explanation: those who “get circumcised to make themselves righteous.”

Is it the act itself done for this reason that Paul cautioned against rather than the men who do this act or recommend that one do this act for this reason? Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all! (Galatians 5:2 NET) It definitely has me thinking about how far reaching this warning could be, how many religious acts it may pertain to. Therefore we must progress beyond the elementary instructions about Christ and move on to maturity, not laying this foundation again: repentance from dead works and faith in God… (Hebrews 6:1 NET)

Tables comparing Romans 2:26; Matthew 6:5; 6:16; John 7:10; 7:15, 16; Philippians 3:3 and John 7:21-24 in the NET and KJV follow.

Romans 2:26 (NET)	Romans 2:26 (KJV)
Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?	Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἐὰν οὖν ἡ ἀκροβυστία τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ, οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται	εαν ουν η ακροβυστια τα δικαιωματα του νομου φυλασση ουχι η ακροβυστια αυτου εις περιτομην λογισθησεται	εαν ουν η ακροβυστια τα δικαιωματα του νομου φυλασση ουχι η ακροβυστια αυτου εις περιτομην λογισθησεται

Matthew 6:5 (NET)	Matthew 6:5 (KJV)
“Whenever you pray, do not be like the hypocrites because they love to pray while standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people can see them. Truly I say to you, they have their reward!	And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Καὶ ὅταν προσεύχησθε, οὐκ ἔσεσθε ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταί, ὅτι φιλοῦσιν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν ἑστῶτες προσεύχεσθαι, ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν	και οταν προσευχη ουκ εση ωσπερ οι υποκριται οτι φιλουσιν εν ταις συναγωγαις και εν ταις γωνιαις των πλατειων εστωτες προσευχεσθαι οπως αν φανωσιν τοις ανθρωποις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι απεχουσιν τον μισθον αυτων	και οταν προσευχη ουκ εση ωσπερ οι υποκριται οτι φιλουσιν εν ταις συναγωγαις και εν ταις γωνιαις των πλατειων εστωτες προσευχεσθαι οπως αν φανωσιν τοις ανθρωποις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι απεχουσιν τον μισθον αυτων

Matthew 6:16 (NET)	Matthew 6:16 (KJV)
“When you fast, do not look sullen like the hypocrites, for they make their faces unattractive so that people will see them fasting. I tell you the truth, they have their reward!	Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Ὅταν δὲ νηστεύητε, μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταὶ σκυθρωποί, ἀφανίζουσιν γὰρ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύοντες· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν	οταν δε νηστευητε μη γινεσθε ωσπερ οι υποκριται σκυθρωποι αφανιζουσιν γαρ τα προσωπα αυτων οπως φανωσιν τοις ανθρωποις νηστευοντες αμην λεγω υμιν οτι απεχουσιν τον μισθον αυτων	οταν δε νηστευητε μη γινεσθε ωσπερ οι υποκριται σκυθρωποι αφανιζουσιν γαρ τα προσωπα αυτων οπως φανωσιν τοις ανθρωποις νηστευοντες αμην λεγω υμιν οτι απεχουσιν τον μισθον αυτων

John 7:10 (NET)	John 7:10 (KJV)
But when his brothers had gone up to the feast, then Jesus himself also went up, not openly but in secret.	But when his brethren were gone up, then went he also up unto the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Ὡς δὲ ἀνέβησαν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, τότε καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνέβη οὐ φανερῶς ἀλλὰ [ὡς] ἐν κρυπτῷ	ως δε ανεβησαν οι αδελφοι αυτου τοτε και αυτος ανεβη εις την εορτην ου φανερως αλλ ως εν κρυπτω	ως δε ανεβησαν οι αδελφοι αυτου τοτε και αυτος ανεβη εις την εορτην ου φανερως αλλ ως εν κρυπτω

John 7:15, 16 (NET)	John 7:15, 16 (KJV)
Then the Jewish leaders were astonished and said, “How does this man know so much when he has never had formal instruction?”	And the Jews marvelled, saying, How knoweth this man letters, having never learned?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἐθαύμαζον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες· πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδεν μὴ μεμαθηκώς	και εθαυμαζον οι ιουδαιοι λεγοντες πως ουτος γραμματα οιδεν μη μεμαθηκως	και εθαυμαζον οι ιουδαιοι λεγοντες πως ουτος γραμματα οιδεν μη μεμαθηκως

So Jesus replied, “My teaching is not from me, but from the one who sent me.

Jesus answered them, and said, My doctrine is not mine, but his that sent me.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἀπεκρίθη οὖν αὐτοῖς [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν· ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὴ ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντος με	απεκριθη αυτοις ο ιησους και ειπεν η εμη διδαχη ουκ εστιν εμη αλλα του πεμψαντος με	απεκριθη ουν αυτοις ο ιησους και ειπεν η εμη διδαχη ουκ εστιν εμη αλλα του πεμψαντος με

Philippians 3:3 (NET)	Philippians 3:3 (KJV)
For we are the circumcision, the ones who worship by the Spirit of God, exult in Christ Jesus, and do not rely on human credentials	For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἡμεῖς γάρ ἐσμεν ἡ περιτομή, οἱ πνεύματι θεοῦ λατρεύοντες καὶ καυχώμενοι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες,	ημεις γαρ εσμεν η περιτομη οι πνευματι θεω λατρευοντες και καυχωμενοι εν χριστω ιησου και ουκ εν σαρκι πεποιθοτες	ημεις γαρ εσμεν η περιτομη οι πνευματι θεου λατρευοντες και καυχωμενοι εν χριστω ιησου και ουκ εν σαρκι πεποιθοτες

John 7:21-24 (NET)	John 7:21-23 (KJV)
Jesus replied, “I performed one miracle and you are all amazed.	Jesus answered and said unto them, I have done one work, and ye all marvel.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἓν ἔργον ἐποίησα καὶ πάντες θαυμάζετε	απεκριθη ο ιησους και ειπεν αυτοις εν εργον εποιησα και παντες θαυμαζετε	απεκριθη ιησους και ειπεν αυτοις εν εργον εποιησα και παντες θαυμαζετε

However, because Moses gave you the practice of circumcision (not that it came from Moses, but from the forefathers), you circumcise a male child on the Sabbath.

Moses therefore gave unto you circumcision; (not because it is of Moses, but of the fathers;) and ye on the sabbath day circumcise a man.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
διὰ τοῦτο Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὴν περιτομήν (οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐστὶν ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τῶν πατέρων), καὶ \|ἐν\| σαββάτῳ περιτέμνετε ἄνθρωπον	δια τουτο μωσης δεδωκεν υμιν την περιτομην ουχ οτι εκ του μωσεως εστιν αλλ εκ των πατερων και εν σαββατω περιτεμνετε ανθρωπον	δια τουτο μωσης δεδωκεν υμιν την περιτομην ουχ οτι εκ του μωσεως εστιν αλλ εκ των πατερων και εν σαββατω περιτεμνετε ανθρωπον

But if a male child is circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken, why are you angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?

If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος ἐν σαββάτῳ ἵνα μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως, ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα ἐν σαββάτῳ	ει περιτομην λαμβανει ανθρωπος εν σαββατω ινα μη λυθη ο νομος μωσεως εμοι χολατε οτι ολον ανθρωπον υγιη εποιησα εν σαββατω	ει περιτομην λαμβανει ανθρωπος εν σαββατω ινα μη λυθη ο νομος μωσεως εμοι χολατε οτι ολον ανθρωπον υγιη εποιησα εν σαββατω

Do not judge according to external appearance, but judge with proper judgment.”

Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
μὴ κρίνετε κατ᾿ ὄψιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε	μη κρινετε κατ οψιν αλλα την δικαιαν κρισιν κρινατε	μη κρινετε κατ οψιν αλλα την δικαιαν κρισιν κρινατε

Romans, Part 13

Back to Romans, Part 49

Back to Torture, Part 2

Back to Romans, Part 79

Back to To Make Holy, Part 4

Back to Forgiven or Passed Over? Part 6

Back to Who Am I? Part 4

Back to Paul’s Religious Mind Revisited, Part 7

Back to Forgiven or Passed Over? Part 1

Back to Hypocrisy

Back to Romans, Part 42

Back to Romans, Part 86

Back to Who Am I? Part 11

Back to The Book of Life, Part 1

Back to Christ-Centered Preaching, Chapter 4, Part 3

Back to Exploration, Part 3

Back to Exploration, Part 9

Back to Exploration, Part 13

¹ Romans 2:25 (NET)

² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had οὐχ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had ουχι.

³ Matthew 6:2a (NET)

⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had προσεύχησθε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had προσευχη (KJV: thou prayest).

⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἔσεσθε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had εση.

⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὡς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had ωσπερ (KJV: as).

⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had αν (KJV: they may) preceding see (KJV: be seen). The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁸ Matthew 6:5a (NET)

⁹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὡς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had ωσπερ (KJV: as).

¹⁰ Matthew 6:16a (NET)

¹¹ The NET parallel Greek text had ἀλλὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzanitine Majority Text and NA²⁸ had ἀλλ’.

¹² John 7:10 (NET)

¹³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had οὖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzanitine Majority Text had και (KJV: And).

¹⁴ John 7:15 (NET)

¹⁵ John 7:16, 17 (NET)

¹⁶ Philippians 2:12b, 13 (NET)

¹⁷ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had θεοῦ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had θεω.

¹⁸ Philippians 3:2, 3 (NET)

¹⁹ Philippians 3:4-6 (NET)

²⁰ Matthew 5:45 (NET) Table

²¹ In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ Moses was spelled Μωϋσῆς, and μωσης in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

²² In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ Moses was spelled Μωϋσέως, and μωσεως in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

²³ In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ Moses was spelled Μωϋσέως, and μωσεως in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

²⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had κρίνετε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had κρινατε.

²⁵ John 7:21-24 (NET)

David’s Forgiveness, Part 6

Posted on August 14, 2012 by admin

My first wife was a self-proclaimed feminist. I tried with everything in me to treat her as an equal, which I too often mistook for “the same” in my twenties. One night, lying in bed on our backs talking, my affection for her surged. I reached under the small of her back with my hand, used my elbow as a fulcrum, lifted her, rolled her over, and plopped her down on top of me face-to-face. She was livid.

I wasn’t sure what sin against feminism I had just committed so I tried to talk to her about it. When she calmed down enough to think, it turned out that she wasn’t really upset that I had lifted her up, rolled her over and plopped her down on top of me. She was angry that I was able to lift her up, roll her over and plop her down on top of me with one arm. “You shouldn’t be that strong!” she said. “It’s not right!” I did what I could to express my love for her, and said that whatever strength I had was for her protection, not something I would use against her.

After Amnon overpowered and raped Tamar he greatly despised her, the text continued. His disdain toward her surpassed the love he had previously felt toward her. Get up and leave!¹ Amnon said.

No I won’t, Tamar replied angrily, for sending me away now would be worse than what you did to me earlier!²

Though this sounds strange to contemporary ears, it makes perfect sense in the socially constructed reality Tamar inhabited. She already believed (or said) that her father David would have given her to Amnon as a wife if Amnon had but asked. She was not engaged to another man. The relevant legislation she had in mind was: Suppose a man comes across a virgin who is not engaged and overpowers and rapes her and they are discovered. The man who has raped her must pay her father fifty shekels of silver and she must become his wife because he has violated her; he may never divorce her as long as he lives.³

Tamar did not perceive Amnon as a woman-hating sociopath but as an overly-eager potential mate. The feminist movement was not part of her socially constructed reality. Initially she looked to the law to protect her from being violated, then to restore her honor after Amnon violated her. But Amnon cared very little for the law the Lord Jesus gave to Moses. He called to his servant who threw Tamar out of the house and bolted the door behind her.

My wife came home late one night several weeks after she told me she wanted a divorce. I heard her getting ready for bed in the next bedroom. I got up and started to walk toward the door. Before I crossed the threshold of my bedroom door I heard that still small voice, “What are you doing, Dan?” I stopped in the doorway. I was calm, not angry, lucid, and I was going to kill my wife. I started to shake and sweat as I made my way back to my bed. I don’t recall how long I sat there. Finally I made my way to my wife’s bedroom and half-confessed, half-blamed her for bringing demons into our home. It had to be demons, surely I could never kill my wife. I loved her. I said I loved her.

The next morning I set out to make my word true, not unlike Jephthah. I copied Paul’s definition of love on a piece of paper: Love is patient, love is kind, it is not envious. Love does not brag, it is not puffed up. It is not rude, it is not self-serving, it is not easily angered or resentful. It is not glad about injustice, but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends [Table].⁴ I tacked it up on my bedroom wall by the door so I couldn’t leave that room without seeing it. I showed it to my wife. I promised her that this was my new law, that this is how I would love her.

Now King David heard about [Amnon’s treatment of Tamar] and was very angry.⁵ But there is no indication in the text that he did anything about it. The note in the NET is as follows: “The LXX and part of the Old Latin tradition include the following addition to v. 21, also included in some English versions (e.g., NAB, NRSV, CEV): ‘But he did not grieve the spirit of Amnon his son, because he loved him, since he was his firstborn.’ Note David’s attitude toward his son Adonijah in 1 Kgs 1:6.” And that is, Now [David] had never corrected [Adonijah] by saying, “Why do you do such things?” [Adonijah] was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom.⁶

It paints an image of David as a lenient father, favoring his sons, and an interesting image of God who found David the son of Jesse to be a man after my heart.⁷ But David was not only a father but the king. What about Tamar who trusted God’s law to protect her before she was raped, and to vindicate her after? Was there any justice for her? As a king administering the law what should David have done? Collect fifty shekels of silver from Amnon? Give them to Tamar? Give Tamar to Amnon as a wife? The law was intended to dissuade a young man from overpowering and raping a young woman. Once it was broken, the law offered no justice, only retribution and fear.

The famous phrase “an eye for an eye” is found three places in the law. If men fight and hit a pregnant woman and her child is born prematurely, but there is no serious injury, he will surely be punished in accordance with what the woman’s husband demands of him, and he will pay what the court decides. But if there is serious injury, then you will give a life for a life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot [Table], burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise. If a man strikes the eye of his male servant or his female servant so that he destroys it, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the eye. If he knocks out the tooth of his male servant or his female servant, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the tooth.⁸

If a man inflicts an injury on his fellow citizen, just as he has done it must be done to him – fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth – just as he inflicts an injury on another person that same injury must be inflicted on him [Table]. One who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it, but one who beats a person to death must be put to death. There will be one regulation for you, whether a foreigner or a native citizen, for I am the Lord your God.⁹

If a false witness testifies against another person and accuses him of a crime, then both parties to the controversy must stand before the Lord, that is, before the priests and judges who will be in office in those days. The judges will thoroughly investigate the matter, and if the witness should prove to be false and to have given false testimony against the accused, you must do to him what he had intended to do to the accused. In this way you will purge evil from among you. The rest of the people will hear and become afraid to keep doing such evil among you. You must not show pity; the principle will be a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, and a foot for a foot.¹⁰

I reflected on my own experience with my wife. I was far from perfect loving like God by attempting to keep the definition of his love as if it were law. But my wife survived it. She wasn’t raped. Even after our divorce she thought of me as one of the kindest men she knew. In fact, before we were actually divorced she acknowledged that our main problem was my religion. I regret that, but I couldn’t see through my religion then. I thought my religion was the only thing standing between me and a murder rap. But it did make it possible for me to see eventually that justice for Tamar wouldn’t come from any law, but from the love that fulfills the law, the love that is patient and kind and doesn’t rape a sister, or any woman, in the first place.

Where David left a vacuum by his inaction, Absalom his firstborn (Tamar’s full brother) stepped in. He said to her, “Was Amnon your brother with you? Now be quiet, my sister. He is your brother. Don’t take it so seriously!” Tamar, devastated, lived in the house of her brother Absalom…But Absalom said nothing to Amnon, either bad or good, yet Absalom hated Amnon because he had humiliated his sister Tamar.¹¹

Absalom waited two years, but after that time at a dinner he gave for all the king’s sons Absalom instructed his servants, “Look! When Amnon is drunk and I say to you, ‘Strike Amnon down,’ kill him then and there. Don’t fear! Is it not I who have given you these instructions? Be strong and courageous!” [Table] So Absalom’s servants did to Amnon exactly what Absalom had instructed [Table].¹²

Addendum: December 23, 2020
I hesitate to call the tables below Paul’s “quotations” of scriptures so much as they are a lesson in how he utilized the Hebrew Scriptures as factual data in his address in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch.

Acts 13:22b (NET Parallel Greek) Table	Psalm 89:20a (BLB Septuagint) Table	Psalm 88:21a (Elpenor Septuagint)
εὗρον Δαυὶδ	εὗρον Δαυιδ	εὗρον Δαυΐδ
Acts 13:22b (NET)	Psalm 88:21a (NETS)	Psalm 88:21a (English Elpenor)
I have found David	I found Dauid	I have found David

The middle section not listed as a quotation in the NET—the son of Jesse—is simply factual information from 1 Samuel 16:1-13.

Acts 13:22d (NET Parallel Greek) Table	1 Samuel 13:14b (BLB Septuagint) Table	1 Kings 13:14b (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἄνδρα\| κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου	ἄνθρωπον κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ	ἄνθρωπον κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ
Acts 13:22d (NET)	1 Reigns 13:14b (NETS)	1 Kings 13:14b (English Elpenor)
to be a man after my heart	a person after his heart	a man after his own heart

Where the Masoretic text (Table below) had: But if there is serious injury, then you will give a life for a life (Exodus 21:23 NET), the Septuagint (Table below) had: But if it be perfectly formed, he shall give life for life (Exodus 21:23 English Elpenor).

The clause translated One who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it (Leviticus 24:21) in the NET translation of the Masoretic text does not occur in the Septuagint (Table below).

Where the NET translation of the Masoretic text made it seem as if Tamar had an emotional problem—Tamar, devastated, lived in the house of her brother Absalom (2 Samuel 13:20 NET)—the Septuagint (Table below) was clear that Themar dwelt as a widow in the house of her brother Abessalom (2 Kings 13:20 English Elpenor).

Tables comparing 2 Samuel 13:15; 13:16; Deuteronomy 22:28; 22:29; 2 Samuel 13:21; 1 Kings 1:6; Exodus 21:22; 21:23; 21:25; 21:26; 21:27; Leviticus 24:19; 24:21; 24:22; Deuteronomy 19:16; 19:17; 19:18; 19:19; 19:20; 19:21; 2 Samuel 13:20 and 13:22 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:15; 13:16; Deuteronomy 22:28; 22:29; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:21; 1 Kings (3 Reigns, 3 Kings) 1:6; Exodus 21:22; 21:23; 21:25; 21:26; 21:27; Leviticus 24:19; 24:21; 24:22; Deuteronomy 19:16; 19:17; 19:18; 19:19; 19:20; 19:21; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:20 and 13:22 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

2 Samuel 13:15 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:15 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:15 (NET)
Then Amnon hated her with exceeding great hatred; for the hatred wherewith he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her: ‘Arise, be gone.’	Then Amnon hated her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone.	Then Amnon greatly despised her. His disdain toward her surpassed the love he had previously felt toward her. Amnon said to her, “Get up and leave!”

2 Samuel 13:15 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐμίσησεν αὐτὴν Αμνων μῗσος μέγα σφόδρα ὅτι μέγα τὸ μῗσος ὃ ἐμίσησεν αὐτήν ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀγάπην ἣν ἠγάπησεν αὐτήν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Αμνων ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου	καὶ ἐμίσησεν αὐτὴν ᾿Αμνὼν μῖσος μέγα σφόδρα, ὅτι μέγα τὸ μῖσος, ὃ ἐμίσησεν αὐτὴν ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν ἠγάπησεν αὐτήν. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ᾿Αμνών· ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου
2 Reigns 13:15 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:15 (English Elpenor)
And Amnon hated her with very great hatred; for the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her. And Amnon said to her, “Get up, and get out!”	Then Amnon hated her with very great hatred; for the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her, for the last wickedness was greater than the first: and Amnon said to her, Rise, and be gone.

2 Samuel 13:16 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:16 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:16 (NET)
And she said unto him: ‘Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is worse than the other that thou didst unto me.’ But he would not hearken unto her.	And she said unto him, There is no cause: this evil in sending me away is greater than the other that thou didst unto me. But he would not hearken unto her.	But she said to him, “No I won’t, for sending me away now would be worse than what you did to me earlier!” But he refused to listen to her.

2 Samuel 13:16 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Θημαρ μή ἄδελφε ὅτι μεγάλη ἡ κακία ἡ ἐσχάτη ὑπὲρ τὴν πρώτην ἣν ἐποίησας μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ τοῦ ἐξαποστεῗλαί με καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν Αμνων ἀκοῦσαι τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῆς	καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Θημάρ· μή, ἀδελφέ, ὅτι μεγάλη ἡ κακία ἡ ἐσχάτη ὑπὲρ τὴν πρώτην, ἣν ἐποίησας μετ’ ἐμοῦ τοῦ ἐξαποστεῖλαί με. καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ᾿Αμνὼν ἀκοῦσαι τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῆς
2 Reigns 13:16 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:16 (English Elpenor)
And Themar said to him, “No, brother, for greater is the last wrong than the first which you did with me, to send me away.” But Amnon did not want to listen to her voice.	And Themar spoke to him concerning this great mischief, greater, [said she], than the other that thou didst me, to send me away: but Amnon would not hearken to her voice.

Deuteronomy 22:28 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 22:28 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 22:28 (NET)
If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, that is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found;	If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found;	Suppose a man comes across a virgin who is not engaged and takes hold of her and sleeps with her and they are discovered.

Deuteronomy 22:28 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 22:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δέ τις εὕρῃ τὴν παῗδα τὴν παρθένον ἥτις οὐ μεμνήστευται καὶ βιασάμενος κοιμηθῇ μετ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ εὑρεθῇ	Εὰν δέ τις εὕρῃ τὴν παῖδα τὴν παρθένον, ἥτις οὐ μεμνήστευται, καὶ βιασάμενος κοιμηθῇ μετ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ εὑρεθῇ
Deuteronomy 22:28 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 22:28 (English Elpenor)
But if someone finds the girl, the virgin, who is not engaged, and, after he forces her, lies with her and he is discovered,	And if any one should find a young virgin who has not been betrothed, and should force [her] and lie with her, and be found,

Deuteronomy 22:29 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 22:29 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 22:29 (NET)
then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife, because he hath humbled her; he may not put her away all his days.	Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife; because he hath humbled her, he may not put her away all his days.	The man who has slept with her must pay her father 50 shekels of silver and she must become his wife. Because he has humiliated her, he may never divorce her as long as he lives.

Deuteronomy 22:29 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 22:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)
δώσει ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κοιμηθεὶς μετ᾽ αὐτῆς τῷ πατρὶ τῆς νεάνιδος πεντήκοντα δίδραχμα ἀργυρίου καὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσται γυνή ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν οὐ δυνήσεται ἐξαποστεῗλαι αὐτὴν τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον	δώσει ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κοιμηθεὶς μετ᾿ αὐτῆς τῷ πατρὶ τῆς νεάνιδος πεντήκοντα δίδραχμα ἀργυρίου, καὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσται γυνή, ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν· οὐ δυνήσεται ἐξαποστεῖλαι αὐτὴν τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον
Deuteronomy 22:29 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 22:29 (English Elpenor)
the man who lay with her shall give fifty silver didrachmas to the young woman’s father, and she shall become his wife. Because he humbled her, he shall not be able to send her away for all time.	the man who lay with her shall give to the father of the damsel fifty silver didrachms, and she shall be his wife, because he has humbled her; he shall never be able to put her away.

2 Samuel 13:21 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:21 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:21 (NET)
But when king David heard of all these things, he was very wroth.	But when king David heard of all these things, he was very wroth.	Now King David heard about all these things and was very angry.

2 Samuel 13:21 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυιδ πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ ἐθυμώθη σφόδρα καὶ οὐκ ἐλύπησεν τὸ πνεῦμα Αμνων τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἠγάπα αὐτόν ὅτι πρωτότοκος αὐτοῦ ἦν	καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυὶδ πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ ἐθυμώθη σφόδρα· καὶ οὐκ ἐλύπησε τὸ πνεῦμα ᾿Αμνὼν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἠγάπα αὐτόν, ὅτι πρωτότοκος αὐτοῦ ἦν
2 Reigns 13:21 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:21 (English Elpenor)
And King Dauid heard all these words and was very angry, but he did not grieve the spirit of Amnon his son, for he kept loving him, for he was his firstborn.	And king David heard of all these things, and was very angry; but he did not grieve the spirit of his son Amnon, because be loved him, for he was his first-born.

1 Kings 1:6 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 1:6 (KJV)	1 Kings 1:6 (NET)
And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom.	And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom.	(Now his father had never corrected him by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom.)

1 Kings 1:6 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 1:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκώλυσεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ οὐδέποτε λέγων διὰ τί σὺ ἐποίησας καί γε αὐτὸς ὡραῗος τῇ ὄψει σφόδρα καὶ αὐτὸν ἔτεκεν ὀπίσω Αβεσσαλωμ	καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκώλυσεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ οὐδέποτε λέγων· διατὶ σὺ ἐποίησας; καί γε αὐτὸς ὡραῖος τῇ ὄψει σφόδρα, καὶ αὐτὸν ἔτεκεν ὀπίσω ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ
3 Reigns 1:6 (NETS)	3 Kings 1:6 (English Elpenor)
And his father did not ever hinder him, saying, “For what reason did you act?” And indeed he was very youthful in appearance, and he begot him after Abessalom.	And his father never at any time checked him, saying, Why hast thou done [thus]? and he was also very handsome in appearance, and his mother bore him after Abessalom.

Exodus 21:22 (Tanakh)	Exodus 21:22 (KJV)	Exodus 21:22 (NET)
And if men strive together, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart, and yet no harm follow, he shall be surely fined, according as the woman’s husband shall lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.	If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.	“If men fight and hit a pregnant woman and her child is born prematurely, but there is no serious injury, the one who hit her will surely be punished in accordance with what the woman’s husband demands of him, and he will pay what the court decides.

Exodus 21:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Exodus 21:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ μάχωνται δύο ἄνδρες καὶ πατάξωσιν γυναῗκα ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσαν καὶ ἐξέλθῃ τὸ παιδίον αὐτῆς μὴ ἐξεικονισμένον ἐπιζήμιον ζημιωθήσεται καθότι ἂν ἐπιβάλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ τῆς γυναικός δώσει μετὰ ἀξιώματος	ἐὰν δὲ μάχωνται δύο ἄνδρες καὶ πατάξωσι γυναῖκα ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσαν καὶ ἐξέλθῃ τὸ παιδίον αὐτῆς μὴ ἐξεικονισμένον, ἐπιζήμιον ζημιωθήσεται· καθότι ἂν ἐπιβάλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ τῆς γυναικός, δώσει μετὰ ἀξιώματος
Exodus 21:22 (NETS)	Exodus 21:22 (English Elpenor)
Now if two men fight and strike a pregnant woman and her child comes forth not fully formed, he shall be punished with a fine. According as the husband of the woman might impose, he shall pay with judicial assessment.	And if two men strive and smite a woman with child, and her child be born imperfectly formed, he shall be forced to pay a penalty: as the woman’s husband may lay upon him, he shall pay with a valuation.

Exodus 21:23 (Tanakh)	Exodus 21:23 (KJV)	Exodus 21:23 (NET)
But if any harm follow, then thou shalt give life for life,	And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,	But if there is serious injury, then you will give a life for a life,

Exodus 21:23 (Septuagint BLB)	Exodus 21:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ ἐξεικονισμένον ἦν δώσει ψυχὴν ἀντὶ ψυχῆς	ἐὰν δὲ ἐξεικονισμένον ᾖ, δώσει ψυχὴν ἀντὶ ψυχῆς
Exodus 21:23 (NETS)	Exodus 21:23 (English Elpenor)
But if is is fully formed, he shall pay life for life,	But if it be perfectly formed, he shall give life for life,

Exodus 21:25 (Tanakh)	Exodus 21:25 (KJV)	Exodus 21:25 (NET)
burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.	Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.	burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

Exodus 21:25 (Septuagint BLB)	Exodus 21:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατάκαυμα ἀντὶ κατακαύματος τραῦμα ἀντὶ τραύματος μώλωπα ἀντὶ μώλωπος	κατάκαυμα ἀντὶ κατακαύματος, τραῦμα ἀντὶ τραύματος, μώλωπα ἀντὶ μώλωπος
Exodus 21:25 (NETS)	Exodus 21:25 (English Elpenor)
burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.	burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

Exodus 21:26 (Tanakh)	Exodus 21:26 (KJV)	Exodus 21:26 (NET)
And if a man smite the eye of his bondman, or the eye of his bondwoman, and destroy it, he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake.	And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake.	“If a man strikes the eye of his male servant or his female servant so that he destroys it, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the eye.

Exodus 21:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Exodus 21:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δέ τις πατάξῃ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τοῦ οἰκέτου αὐτοῦ ἢ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τῆς θεραπαίνης αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκτυφλώσῃ ἐλευθέρους ἐξαποστελεῗ αὐτοὺς ἀντὶ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτῶν	ἐὰν δέ τις πατάξῃ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τοῦ οἰκέτου αὐτοῦ ἢ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τῆς θεραπαίνης αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκτυφλώσῃ, ἐλευθέρους ἐξαποστελεῖ αὐτοὺς ἀντὶ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτῶν
Exodus 21:26 (NETS)	Exodus 21:26 (English Elpenor)
Now if someone strikes the eye of his male domestic or the eye of his female attendant and cause blindness, he shall send them away free in exchange for their eye.	And if one smite the eye of his man-servant, or the eye of his maid-servant, and put it out, he shall let them go free for their eye’s sake.

Exodus 21:27 (Tanakh)	Exodus 21:27 (KJV)	Exodus 21:27 (NET)
And if he smite out his bondman’s tooth, or his bondwoman’s tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.	And if he smite out his manservant’s tooth, or his maidservant’s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.	If he knocks out the tooth of his male servant or his female servant, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the tooth.

Exodus 21:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Exodus 21:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ τὸν ὀδόντα τοῦ οἰκέτου ἢ τὸν ὀδόντα τῆς θεραπαίνης αὐτοῦ ἐκκόψῃ ἐλευθέρους ἐξαποστελεῗ αὐτοὺς ἀντὶ τοῦ ὀδόντος αὐτῶν	ἐὰν δὲ τὸν ὀδόντα τοῦ οἰκέτου ἢ τὸν ὀδόντα τῆς θεραπαίνης αὐτοῦ ἐκκόψῃ, ἐλευθέρους ἐξαποστελεῖ αὐτοὺς ἀντὶ τοῦ ὀδόντος αὐτῶν
Exodus 21:27 (NETS)	Exodus 21:27 (English Elpenor)
Now if he knocks out the tooth of a male domestic or the tooth of his female attendant, he shall send them away free in exchange for their tooth.	And if he should smite out the tooth of his man-servant, or the tooth of his maid-servant, he shall send them away free for their tooth’s sake.

Leviticus 24:19 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 24:19 (KJV)	Leviticus 24:19 (NET)
And if a man maim his neighbour; as he hath done, so shall it be done to him:	And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbour; as he hath done, so shall it be done to him;	If a man inflicts an injury on his fellow citizen, just as he has done it must be done to him—

Leviticus 24:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 24:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐάν τις δῷ μῶμον τῷ πλησίον ὡς ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ὡσαύτως ἀντιποιηθήσεται αὐτῷ	καὶ ἐάν τις δῷ μῶμον τῷ πλησίον, ὡς ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ, ὡσαύτως ἀντιποιηθήσεται αὐτῷ
Leviticus 24:19 (NETS)	Leviticus 24:19 (English Elpenor)
And if anyone should a blemish to his neighbor—as he did to him, so also shall it be done to him in return:	And whosoever shall inflict a blemish on his neighbour, as he has done to him, so shall it be done to himself in return;

Leviticus 24:21 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 24:21 (KJV)	Leviticus 24:21 (NET)
And he that killeth a beast shall make it good; and he that killeth a man shall be put to death.	And he that killeth a beast, he shall restore it: and he that killeth a man, he shall be put to death.	One who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it, but one who beats a person to death must be put to death.

Leviticus 24:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 24:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὃς ἂν πατάξῃ ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἀποθάνῃ θανάτῳ θανατούσθω	ὃς ἂν πατάξῃ ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἀποθάνῃ, θανάτῳ θανατούσθω
Leviticus 24:21 (NETS)	Leviticus 24:21 (English Elpenor)
Whoever strikes a person, and he dies, by death let him be put to death.	Whosoever shall smite a man, and he shall die, let him die the death.

Leviticus 24:22 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 24:22 (KJV)	Leviticus 24:22 (NET)
Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for the home-born; for I am HaShem your G-d.’	Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God.	There will be one regulation for you, whether a resident foreigner or a native citizen, for I am the Lord your God.’”

Leviticus 24:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 24:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
δικαίωσις μία ἔσται τῷ προσηλύτῳ καὶ τῷ ἐγχωρίῳ ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν	δικαίωσις μία ἔσται τῷ προσηλύτῳ καὶ τῷ ἐγχωρίῳ, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν
Leviticus 24:22 (NETS)	Leviticus 24:22 (English Elpenor)
There shall be one judgment for the guest and for the inhabitant of the country; for it is I who am the Lord your God.	There shall be one judgment for the stranger and the native, for I [am] the Lord your God.

Deuteronomy 19:16 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:16 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:16 (NET)
If an unrighteous witness rise up against any man to bear perverted witness against him;	If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;	If a false witness testifies against another person and accuses him of a crime,

Deuteronomy 19:16 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ καταστῇ μάρτυς ἄδικος κατὰ ἀνθρώπου καταλέγων αὐτοῦ ἀσέβειαν	ἐὰν δὲ καταστῇ μάρτυς ἄδικος κατὰ ἀνθρώπου καταλέγων αὐτοῦ ἀσέβειαν
Deuteronomy 19:16 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:16 (English Elpenor)
But if an unjust witness comes forward against a person, alleging impiety against him,	And if an unjust witness rise up against a man, alleging iniquity against him;

Deuteronomy 19:17 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:17 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:17 (NET)
then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before HaShem, before the priests and the judges that shall be in those days.	Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;	then both parties to the controversy must stand before the Lord, that is, before the priests and judges who will be in office in those days.

Deuteronomy 19:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ στήσονται οἱ δύο ἄνθρωποι οἷς ἐστιν αὐτοῗς ἡ ἀντιλογία ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ἔναντι τῶν ἱερέων καὶ ἔναντι τῶν κριτῶν οἳ ἐὰν ὦσιν ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις	καὶ στήσονται οἱ δύο ἄνθρωποι, οἷς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀντιλογία, ἔναντι Κυρίου καὶ ἔναντι τῶν ἱερέων καὶ ἔναντι τῶν κριτῶν, οἳ ἂν ὦσιν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
Deuteronomy 19:17 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:17 (English Elpenor)
then the two persons between whom is the dispute shall stand before the Lord and before the priests and before the judges, who may be in those days,	then shall the two men between whom the controversy is, stand before the Lord, and before the priests, and before the judges, who may be in those days.

Deuteronomy 19:18 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:18 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:18 (NET)
And the judges shall inquire diligently; and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;	And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;	The judges will thoroughly investigate the matter, and if the witness should prove to be false and to have given false testimony against the accused,

Deuteronomy 19:18 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐξετάσωσιν οἱ κριταὶ ἀκριβῶς καὶ ἰδοὺ μάρτυς ἄδικος ἐμαρτύρησεν ἄδικα ἀντέστη κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ	καὶ ἐξετάσωσιν οἱ κριταὶ ἀκριβῶς, καὶ ἰδοὺ μάρτυς ἄδικος ἐμαρτύρησεν ἄδικα, ἀντέστη κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ
Deuteronomy 19:18 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:18 (English Elpenor)
and if the judges make a thorough inquiry and, look, an unjust witness has testified unjustly, he has stood up against his brother,	And the judges shall make diligent inquiry, and, behold, [if] an unjust witness has borne unjust testimony; [and] has stood up against his brother;

Deuteronomy 19:19 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:19 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:19 (NET)
then shall ye do unto him, as he had purposed to do unto his brother; so shalt thou put away the evil from the midst of thee.	Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.	you must do to him what he had intended to do to the accused. In this way you will purge the evil from among you.

Deuteronomy 19:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτῷ ὃν τρόπον ἐπονηρεύσατο ποιῆσαι κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξαρεῗς τὸν πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν	καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτῷ ὃν τρόπον ἐπονηρεύσατο ποιῆσαι κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξαρεῖς τὸ πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν
Deuteronomy 19:19 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:19 (English Elpenor)
then you shall do to him just as he connived to do to his brother. And you shall remove the evil one from yourselves.	then shall ye do to him as he wickedly devised to do against his brother, and thou shalt remove the evil from yourselves.

Deuteronomy 19:20 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:20 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:20 (NET)
And those that remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil in the midst of thee.	And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.	The rest of the people will hear and become afraid to keep doing such evil among you.

Deuteronomy 19:20 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ οἱ ἐπίλοιποι ἀκούσαντες φοβηθήσονται καὶ οὐ προσθήσουσιν ἔτι ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο ἐν ὑμῗν	καὶ οἱ ἐπίλοιποι ἀκούσαντες φοβηθήσονται καὶ οὐ προσθήσουσιν ἔτι ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ ρῆμα τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο ἐν ὑμῖν
Deuteronomy 19:20 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:20 (English Elpenor)
And the rest, when they hear, shall be afraid and will not add to act again according to this evil thing among you.	And the rest shall hear and fear, and do no more according to this evil thing in the midst of you.

Deuteronomy 19:21 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 19:21 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 19:21 (NET)
And thine eye shall not pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.	And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.	You must not show pity; the principle will be a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, and a foot for a foot.

Deuteronomy 19:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 19:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐ φείσεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ψυχὴν ἀντὶ ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος χεῗρα ἀντὶ χειρός πόδα ἀντὶ ποδός	οὐ φείσεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ· ψυχὴν ἀντὶ ψυχῆς, ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ, ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος, χεῖρα ἀντὶ χειρός, πόδα ἀντὶ ποδός
Deuteronomy 19:21 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 19:21 (English Elpenor)
Your eye shall not be sparing against him: soul for soul, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.	Thine eye shall not spare him: [thou shalt exact] life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

2 Samuel 13:20 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:20 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:20 (NET)
And Absalom her brother said unto her: ‘Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but now hold thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; take not this thing to heart.’ So Tamar remained desolate in her brother, Absalom’s house.	And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom’s house.	Her brother Absalom said to her, “Was Amnon your brother with you? Now be quiet, my sister. He is your brother. Don’t take it so seriously!” Tamar, devastated, lived in the house of her brother Absalom.

2 Samuel 13:20 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Αβεσσαλωμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτῆς μὴ Αμνων ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἐγένετο μετὰ σοῦ καὶ νῦν ἀδελφή μου κώφευσον ὅτι ἀδελφός σού ἐστιν μὴ θῇς τὴν καρδίαν σου τοῦ λαλῆσαι εἰς τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καὶ ἐκάθισεν Θημαρ χηρεύουσα ἐν οἴκῳ Αβεσσαλωμ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτῆς	καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὴν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτῆς· μὴ ᾿Αμνὼν ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἐγένετο μετὰ σοῦ; καὶ νῦν, ἀδελφή μου, κώφευσον, ὅτι ἀδελφός σού ἐστι· μὴ θῇς τὴν καρδίαν σου τοῦ λαλῆσαι τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο. καὶ ἐκάθισε Θημὰρ χηρεύουσα ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτῆς
2 Reigns 13:20 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:20 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom her brother said to her, “Amnon your brother wasn’t with you, was he? And now, my sister, be quiet, for he is your brother; do not set your heart to speak abut this thing.” And Themar stayed as a widow in her brother Abessalom’s house.	And Abessalom her brother said to her, Has thy brother Amnon been with thee? now then, my sister, be silent, for he is thy brother: be not careful to mention this matter. So Themar dwelt as a widow in the house of her brother Abessalom.

2 Samuel 13:22 (Tanakh)	2 Samuel 13:22 (KJV)	2 Samuel 13:22 (NET)
And Absalom spoke unto Amnon neither good nor bad; for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.	And Absalom spake unto his brother Amnon neither good nor bad: for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.	But Absalom said nothing to Amnon, either bad or good, yet Absalom hated Amnon because he had humiliated his sister Tamar.

2 Samuel 13:22 (Septuagint BLB)	2 Kings 13:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ οὐκ ἐλάλησεν Αβεσσαλωμ μετὰ Αμνων ἀπὸ πονηροῦ ἕως ἀγαθοῦ ὅτι ἐμίσει Αβεσσαλωμ τὸν Αμνων ἐπὶ λόγου οὗ ἐταπείνωσεν Θημαρ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ	καὶ οὐκ ἐλάλησεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ μετὰ ᾿Αμνὼν ἀπὸ πονηροῦ ἕως ἀγαθοῦ,ὅτι ἐμίσει ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ τὸν ᾿Αμνὼν ἐπὶ λόγου, οὗ ἐταπείνωσε Θημὰρ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ
2 Reigns 13:22 (NETS)	2 Kings 13:22 (English Elpenor)
And Abessalom did not speak with Amnon, from evil to good, for Abessalom kept hating Amnon on account of which he had humiliated Themar his sister.	And Abessalom spoke not to Amnon, good or bad, because Abessalom hated Amnon, on account of his humbling his sister Themar.

David’s Forgiveness, Part 7

Back to Fear – Genesis, Part 4

Back to Fear – Genesis, Part 5

Back to Antichrist, Part 1

Back to Condemnation or Judgment? – Part 12

Back to Condemnation or Judgment? – Part 13

Back to My Reasons and My Reason, Part 8

Back to Atonement, Part 1

Back to Cobwebs

Back to Father, Forgive Them – Part 6

Back to Torture, Part 4

Back to My Reasons and My Reason, Part 4

Back to My Reasons and My Reason, Part 7

Back to Apostles and Prophets, Part 3

Back to Exploration, Part 4

Back to Exploration, Part 5

Back to Exploration, Part 7

¹ 2 Samuel 13:15 (NET)

² 2 Samuel 13:16 (NET)

³ Deuteronomy 22:28, 29 (NET) See also: Fury

⁴ 1 Corinthians 13:4-8a (NET)

⁵ 2 Samuel 13:21 (NET)

⁶ 1 Kings 1:6 (NET)

⁷ Acts 13:22 (NET) Table

⁸ Exodus 21:22-27 (NET)

⁹ Leviticus 24:19-22 (NET)

¹⁰ Deuteronomy 19:16-21 (NET)

¹¹ 2 Samuel 13:20, 22 (NET)

¹² 2 Samuel 13:28, 29a (NET)

The Will of God – Jesus, Part 1

Posted on August 13, 2012 by admin

For whoever does (ποιήσῃ, a form of ποιέω) the will (θέλημα) of God is my brother and sister and mother,¹ Jesus said. I searched to see what else Jesus said about the θέλημα of God. So pray this way: Our Father in heaven, may your name be honored, may your kingdom come, may your will (θέλημα) be done (γενηθήτω, a form of γίνομαι) on earth² as it is in heaven [Table].³ Jesus associated his Father’s will being done or becoming on earth as it is in heaven with his name being honored and the coming of his kingdom. And this was in contrast to the prayer of the Gentiles (Matthew 6:7, 8 NET).

When you pray, do not babble repetitiously⁴ like the Gentiles, because they think that by their many words they will be heard. Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.

“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter into the kingdom of heaven – only the one who does (ποιῶν, another form of ποιέω) the will (θέλημα) of my Father in heaven,”⁵ Jesus said. “On that day, many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, didn’t we prophesy⁶ in your name, and in your name cast out demons and do (ἐποιήσαμεν, another form of ποιέω) many powerful deeds (δυνάμεις, a form of δύναμις)?’ [Table] Then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew (ἔγνων, a form of γινώσκω) you. Go away from me, you lawbreakers (KJV, that work [ἐργαζόμενοι, a form of ἐργάζομαι] iniquity [ἀνομίαν, a form of ἀνομία])!’”⁷

That statement has always shocked me. The only sense I have ever made of these miracle working lawbreakers who are unknown to Jesus is by contrast to those who love (ἀγαπῶσιν, a form of ἀγαπάω) God, who are called (κλητοῖς, a form of κλητός) according to his purpose, because those whom he foreknew (προέγνω, a form of προγινώσκω) he also predestined (προώρισεν, a form of προορίζω) to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. And those he predestined (προώρισεν, a form of προορίζω), he also called (ἐκάλεσεν, a form of καλέω); and those he called (ἐκάλεσεν, a form of καλέω), he also justified (ἐδικαίωσεν, a form of δικαιόω); and those he justified (ἐδικαίωσεν, a form of δικαιόω), he also glorified (ἐδόξασεν, a form of δοξάζω).⁸

After I wrote that it felt a bit lazy on my part. The least I could do is a Google search, I thought. I typed in “spiritist Jesus” and got 1,090,000 entries in 0.30 seconds. Obviously, Jesus is more aware of my world than I am. I didn’t spend enough time there to verify miracles or ascertain violations of God’s law. But since there are apparently spiritists claiming allegiance to Jesus I’ll repeat the law.

Do not turn to the spirits of the dead and do not seek familiar spirits to become unclean by them. I am the Lord your God.⁹ A man or woman who has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit must be put to death.¹⁰ Now I’m not advocating the death penalty for a spiritist any more than I would for an adulterer like me. I quote the law simply to get some idea of its weight in God’s mind. Its penalty is equivalent to adultery. God never said that it was impossible to gain knowledge from the spirits of the dead or familiar spirits, he simply forbade his people from gaining that knowledge that way.

After Samuel the prophet died King Saul longed for his advice when the Lord would no longer answer him (1 Samuel 28:7-14 NET).

So Saul instructed his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so that I may go to her and inquire of her.”

His servants replied to him, “There is a woman who is a medium in Endor.”

So Saul disguised himself and put on other clothing and left, accompanied by two of his men. They came to the woman at night and said, “Use your ritual pit to conjure up for me the one I tell you.”

But the woman said to him, “Look, you are aware of what Saul has done; he has removed the mediums and magicians from the land! Why are you trapping me so you can put me to death?”

But Saul swore an oath to her by the Lord, “As surely as the Lord lives, you will not incur guilt in this matter!”

The woman replied, “Who is it that I should bring up for you?”

He said, “Bring up for me Samuel.”

When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out loudly. The woman said to Saul, “Why have you deceived me? You are Saul!”

The king said to her, “Don’t be afraid! What have you seen?”

The woman replied to Saul, “I have seen one like a god coming up from the ground!”

He said to her, “What about his appearance?”

She said, “An old man is coming up! He is wrapped in a robe!”

Then Saul realized it was Samuel, and he bowed his face toward the ground and kneeled down.

Thus far the essentially rationalist bias of my mind can console itself with the idea that this was all mumbo jumbo. After all, who knows what they were smoking in that ritual pit. But I am also filled by the Holy Spirit who supplies me daily with faith (πίστις). So when the Scripture continues, Samuel said to Saul, my biased, essentially rationalist, mind is compelled to sit down, shut up and pay attention (1 Samuel 28:15-19 NET).

“Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?”

Saul replied, “I am terribly troubled! The Philistines are fighting against me and God has turned away from me. He does not answer me – not by the prophets nor by dreams. So I have called on you to tell me what I should do.”

Samuel said, “Why are you asking me, now that the Lord has turned away from you and has become your enemy? The Lord has done exactly as I prophesied! The Lord has torn the kingdom from your hand and has given it to your neighbor David! Since you did not obey the Lord (1 Samuel 15) and did not carry out his fierce anger against the Amalekites, the Lord has done this thing to you today. The Lord will hand you and Israel over to the Philistines! Tomorrow both you and your sons will be with me. The Lord will also hand the army of Israel over to the Philistines!”

Jesus told a parable about a man with two sons. He went to the first and said, “Son, go and work in the vineyard¹¹ today.” The boy answered, ‘I will not.’ But later he had a change of heart (μεταμεληθεὶς, a form of μεταμέλλομαι) and went. The father went¹² to the other¹³ son and said the same thing. This boy answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but did not go. Which of the two did (ἐποίησεν, another form of ποιέω) his father’s will (θέλημα)?¹⁴ Those standing there answered, the first, and Jesus did not dispute their answer.

That servant who knew (γνοὺς, another form of γινώσκω) his¹⁵ master’s will (θέλημα) but did not get ready or¹⁶ do (ποιήσας, another form of ποιέω) what his master asked (θέλημα) will receive a severe beating. But the one who did not know (γνοὺς, another form of γινώσκω) his master’s will and did (ποιήσας, another form of ποιέω) things worthy of punishment will receive a light beating. From everyone who has been given much, much will be required, and from the one who has been entrusted with much, even more will be asked.¹⁷

Jesus said to his disciples, “My food is to do¹⁸ (ποιήσω, another form of ποιέω) the will (θέλημα) of the one who sent me and to complete (τελειώσω, a form of τελειόω) his work (ἔργον).”¹⁹ For I have come down from heaven not to do my own will (θέλημα) but the will (θέλημα) of the one who sent me.²⁰ And to the Jewish leaders He said, I can do (ποιεῖν, another form of ποιέω) nothing on my own initiative. Just as I hear (ἀκούω), I judge (κρίνω), and my judgment (κρίσις) is just (δικαία, a form of δίκαιος), because I do not seek my own will (θέλημα), but the will (θέλημα) of the one who sent me.²¹

Addendum: December 6, 2020
Samuel described Saul’s offense as not fearing the Lord by the definition I gleaned from Deuteronomy. He said, thou didst not hearken (Tanakh), you did not obey (NET), שָׁמַ֙עְתָּ֙ (shama`) in Hebrew in the Masoretic text, or you did not hear (NETS), thou didst not hearken (English Elpenor), ἤκουσας (a form of ἀκούω) in Greek in the Septuagint. Saul didst not execute (Tanakh), and did not carry out (NET), עָשִֹ֥יתָ (asah) in Hebrew, or did not carry out (NET), thou didst not execute (English Elpenor), ἐποίησε(ν) (a form of ποιέω) in Greek.

Saul did not have the fear of the Lord: a heart to hear and do whatsoever the Lord our God shall speak. Here, too, holy genocide was the whatsoever Saul refused to hear and do.

While I do think that Jesus is the fear of the Lord—the heart to hear and do whatsoever the Lord our God shall speak, He used the words hear and do somewhat differently (John 5:30 NET):

I can do (ποιεῖν, a form of ποιέω) nothing on my own initiative. Just as I hear (ἀκούω), I judge, and my judgment is just because I do not seek my own will, but the will of the one who sent me.

As I hear, I judge (κρίνω) is Jesus’ unique take on “to hear and do whatsoever the Lord our God shall speak” (John 5:19b-23 NET):

I tell you the solemn truth, the Son can do (ποιεῖν, a form of ποιέω) nothing on his own initiative, but only what he sees the Father doing (ποιοῦντα, another form of ποιέω). For whatever the Father does (ποιῇ, another form of ποιέω), the Son does (ποιεῖ, another form of ποιέω) likewise [Table]. For the Father loves the Son and shows him everything he does (ποιεῖ, another form of ποιέω), and will show him greater deeds than these, so that you will be amazed. For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whomever he wishes. Furthermore, the Father does not judge (κρίνει, a form of κρίνω) anyone, but has assigned all judgment (κρίσιν, a form of κρίσις) to the Son, so that all people will honor the Son just as they honor the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.

The standing order of the day for those who have been shown mercy (Romans 9:14-24; Matthew 18:21-35) remains (Matthew 7:1, 2 NET):

Do not judge (κρίνετε, another form of κρίνω) so that you will not be judged (κριθῆτε, another form of κρίνω). For by the standard you judge (κρίνετε) you will be judged (κριθήσεσθε, another form of κρίνω), and the measure you use will be the measure (μετρηθήσεται, another form of μετρέω) you receive [Table].

Tables comparing Leviticus 19:31; 20:27; 1 Samuel 28:7; 28:8; 28:9; 28:10; 28:11; 28:12; 28:13; 28:14; 28:15; 28:16; 28:17; 28:18 and 28:19 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing Leviticus 19:31; 20:27; 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 28:7; 28:8; 28:9; 28:10; 28:11; 28:12; 28:13; 28:14; 28:15; 28:16; 28:17; 28:18 and 28:19 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow. Tables comparing Matthew 6:7; 7:22; 21:28; 21:30, 31; Luke 12:47 and John 4:34 in the NET and KJV follows those.

Leviticus 19:31 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 19:31 (KJV)	Leviticus 19:31 (NET)
Turn ye not unto the ghosts, nor unto familiar spirits; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am HaShem your G-d.	Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.	Do not turn to the spirits of the dead and do not seek familiar spirits to become unclean by them. I am the Lord your God.

Leviticus 19:31 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 19:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐκ ἐπακολουθήσετε ἐγγαστριμύθοις καὶ τοῗς ἐπαοιδοῗς οὐ προσκολληθήσεσθε ἐκμιανθῆναι ἐν αὐτοῗς ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν	οὐκ ἐπακολουθήσετε ἐγγαστριμύθοις καὶ τοῖς ἐπαοιδοῖς οὐ προσκολληθήσεσθε, ἐκμιανθῆναι ἐν αὐτοῖς· ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν
Leviticus 19:31 (NETS)	Leviticus 19:31 (English Elpenor)
You shall not follow after ventriloquists, and you shall not attach yourselves to enchanters, to be thoroughly polluted by them; it is I who am the Lord your God.	Ye shall not attend to those who have in them divining spirits, nor attach yourselves to enchanters, to pollute yourselves with them: I am the Lord your God.

Leviticus 20:27 (Tanakh)	Leviticus 20:27 (KJV)	Leviticus 20:27 (NET)
A man also or a woman that divineth by a ghost or a familiar spirit, shall surely be put to death; they shall stone them with stones; their blood shall be upon them.	A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them.	“‘A man or woman who has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit must be put to death. They must pelt them with stones; their blood guilt is on themselves.’”

Leviticus 20:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Leviticus 20:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνή ὃς ἂν γένηται αὐτῶν ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἢ ἐπαοιδός θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι λίθοις λιθοβολήσατε αὐτούς ἔνοχοί εἰσιν	Καὶ ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνή, ὃς ἂν γένηται αὐτῶν ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἢ ἐπαοιδός, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι· λίθοις λιθοβολήσετε αὐτούς, ἔνοχοί εἰσι
Leviticus 20:27 (NETS)	Leviticus 20:27 (English Elpenor)
And a man or a woman—whoever among them becomes a ventriloquist or an enchanter, let both by death be put to death; with stones you shall stone them; they are liable.	And [as for] a man or woman whosoever of them shall have in them a divining spirit, or be an enchanter, let them both die the death: ye shall stone them with stones, they are guilty.

1 Samuel 28:7 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:7 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:7 (NET)
Then said Saul unto his servants: ‘Seek me a woman that divineth by a ghost, that I may go to her, and inquire of her.’ And his servants said to him: ‘Behold, there is a woman that divineth by a ghost at En-dor.’	Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at Endor.	So Saul instructed his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so that I may go to her and inquire of her.” His servants replied to him, “There is a woman who is a medium in Endor.”

1 Samuel 28:7 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Σαουλ τοῗς παισὶν αὐτοῦ ζητήσατέ μοι γυναῗκα ἐγγαστρίμυθον καὶ πορεύσομαι πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ ζητήσω ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ εἶπαν οἱ παῗδες αὐτοῦ πρὸς αὐτόν ἰδοὺ γυνὴ ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἐν Αενδωρ	καὶ εἶπε Σαοὺλ τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ· ζητήσατέ μοι γυναῖκα ἐγγαστρίμυθον, καὶ πορεύσομαι πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ ζητήσω ἐν αὐτῇ· καὶ εἶπαν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ πρὸς αὐτόν· ἰδοὺ γυνὴ ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἐν ᾿Αενδώρ
1 Reigns 28:7 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:7 (English Elpenor)
And Saoul said to his servants, “Seek out for me a ventriloquizing woman, and I will go to her and inquire by her,” and his servants said to him, “Behold, there is a ventriloquizing woman at Aendor.”	Then Saul said to his servants, Seek for me a woman who has in her a divining spirit, and I will go to her, and enquire of her: and his servants said to him, Behold, [there is] a woman who has in her a divining spirit at Aendor.

1 Samuel 28:8 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:8 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:8 (NET)
And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night; and he said: ‘Divine unto me, I pray thee, by a ghost, and bring me up whomsoever I shall name unto thee.’	And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me him up, whom I shall name unto thee.	So Saul disguised himself and put on other clothing and left, accompanied by two of his men. They came to the woman at night and said, “Use your ritual pit to conjure up for me the one I tell you.”

1 Samuel 28:8 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ συνεκαλύψατο Σαουλ καὶ περιεβάλετο ἱμάτια ἕτερα καὶ πορεύεται αὐτὸς καὶ δύο ἄνδρες μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρχονται πρὸς τὴν γυναῗκα νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ μάντευσαι δή μοι ἐν τῷ ἐγγαστριμύθῳ καὶ ἀνάγαγέ μοι ὃν ἐὰν εἴπω σοι	καὶ συνεκαλύψατο Σαοὺλ καὶ περιεβάλετο ἱμάτια ἕτερα καὶ πορεύεται αὐτὸς καὶ δύο ἄνδρες μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρχονται πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· μάντευσαι δή μοι ἐν τῷ ἐγγαστριμύθῳ καὶ ἀνάγαγέ μοι ὃν ἐὰν εἴπω σοι
1 Reigns 28:8 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:8 (English Elpenor)
And Saoul disguised himself and put on other clothes and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night, and he said to her, “Do seek divinations for me by a ventriloquist, and bring up for me whomever I say to you.”	And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he goes, and two men with him, and they come to the woman by night; and he said to her, Divine to me, I pray thee, by the divining spirit within thee, and bring up to me him whom I shall name to thee.

1 Samuel 28:9 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:9 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:9 (NET)
And the woman said unto him: ‘Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that divine by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land; wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die?’	And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die?	But the woman said to him, “Look, you are aware of what Saul has done; he has removed the mediums and magicians from the land! Why are you trapping me so you can put me to death?”

1 Samuel 28:9 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς αὐτόν ἰδοὺ δὴ σὺ οἶδας ὅσα ἐποίησεν Σαουλ ὡς ἐξωλέθρευσεν τοὺς ἐγγαστριμύθους καὶ τοὺς γνώστας ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἵνα τί σὺ παγιδεύεις τὴν ψυχήν μου θανατῶσαι αὐτήν	καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνή· ἰδοὺ δὴ σὺ οἶδας ὅσα ἐποίησε Σαούλ, ὡς ἐξωλόθρευσε τοὺς ἐγγαστριμύθους καὶ τοὺς γνώστας ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς· καὶ ἱνατί σὺ παγιδεύεις τὴν ψυχήν μου θανατῶσαι αὐτήν
1 Reigns 28:9 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:9 (English Elpenor)
And the woman said to him, “Behold, indeed you know what Saoul did, how he cut off the ventriloquists and those in the know from the land, and why are you laying a snare for my life to put it to death?”	And the woman said to him, Behold now, thou knowest what Saul has done, how he has cut off those who had in them divining spirits, and the wizards from the land, and why dost thou spread a snare for my life to destroy it?

1 Samuel 28:10 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:10 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:10 (NET)
And Saul swore to her by HaShem, saying: ‘As HaShem liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing.’	And Saul sware to her by the LORD, saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing.	But Saul swore an oath to her by the Lord, “As surely as the Lord lives, you will not incur guilt in this matter!”

1 Samuel 28:10 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὤμοσεν αὐτῇ Σαουλ λέγων ζῇ κύριος εἰ ἀπαντήσεταί σοι ἀδικία ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ	καὶ ὤμοσεν αὐτῇ Σαοὺλ λέγων· ζῇ Κύριος, εἰ ἀπαντήσεταί σοι ἀδικία ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ
1 Reigns 28:10 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:10 (English Elpenor)
And Saoul swore to her, saying, “The Lord lives, if injustice shall befall you in this matter.”	And Saul swore to her, and said, [As] the Lord lives, no injury shall come upon thee on this account.

1 Samuel 28:11 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:11 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:11 (NET)
Then said the woman: ‘Whom shall I bring up unto thee?’ And he said: ‘Bring me up Samuel.’	Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel.	The woman replied, “Who is it that I should bring up for you?” He said, “Bring up for me Samuel.”

1 Samuel 28:11 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή τίνα ἀναγάγω σοι καὶ εἶπεν τὸν Σαμουηλ ἀνάγαγέ μοι	καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή· τίνα ἀναγάγω σοι; καὶ εἶπε· τὸν Σαμουὴλ ἀνάγαγέ μοι
1 Reigns 28:11 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:11 (English Elpenor)
And the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” And he said, “Bring up Samouel for me.”	And the woman said, Whom shall I bring up to thee? and he said, Bring up to me Samuel.

1 Samuel 28:12 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:12 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:12 (NET)
And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying: ‘Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.’	And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.	When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out loudly. The woman said to Saul, “Why have you deceived me? You are Saul!”

1 Samuel 28:12 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶδεν ἡ γυνὴ τὸν Σαμουηλ καὶ ἀνεβόησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς Σαουλ ἵνα τί παρελογίσω με καὶ σὺ εἶ Σαουλ	καὶ εἶδεν ἡ γυνὴ τὸν Σαμουὴλ καὶ ἀνεβόησε φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς Σαούλ· ἱνατί παρελογίσω με; καὶ σὺ εἶ Σαούλ.
1 Reigns 28:12 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:12 (English Elpenor)
And the woman saw Samouel, and she cried out with a loud voice, and the woman said to Saoul, “Why did you deceive me? And you are Saoul!”	And the woman saw Samuel, and cried out with a loud voice: and the woman said to Saul, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.

1 Samuel 28:13 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:13 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:13 (NET)
And the king said unto her: ‘Be not afraid; for what seest thou?’ And the woman said unto Saul: ‘I see a godlike being coming up out of the earth.’	And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.	The king said to her, “Don’t be afraid! But what have you seen?” The woman replied to Saul, “I have seen a divine being coming up from the ground!”

1 Samuel 28:13 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ βασιλεύς μὴ φοβοῦ εἰπὸν τίνα ἑόρακας καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Θεοὺς ἑόρακα ἀναβαίνοντας ἐκ τῆς γῆς	καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ βασιλεύς· μὴ φοβοῦ, εἰπὸν τίνα ἑώρακας. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνή· θεοὺς ἑώρακα ἀναβαίνοντας ἐκ τῆς γῆς
1 Reigns 28:13 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:13 (English Elpenor)
And the king said to her, “Have no fear; tell whom you have seen.” And she said to him, “I have seen gods coming up out of the ground.”	And the king said to her, Fear not; tell me whom thou hast seen. And the woman said to him, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.

1 Samuel 28:14 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:14 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:14 (NET)
And he said unto her: ‘What form is he of?’ And she said: ‘An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.’ And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself.	And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself.	He said to her, “What about his appearance?” She said, “An old man is coming up! He is wrapped in a robe!” Then Saul realized it was Samuel, and he bowed his face toward the ground and kneeled down.

1 Samuel 28:14 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τί ἔγνως καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἄνδρα ὄρθιον ἀναβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς γῆς καὶ οὗτος διπλοΐδα ἀναβεβλημένος καὶ ἔγνω Σαουλ ὅτι Σαμουηλ οὗτος καὶ ἔκυψεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ	καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· τί ἔγνως; καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἄνδρα ὄρθιον ἀναβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς γῆς, καὶ οὗτος διπλοΐδα ἀναβεβλημένος. καὶ ἔγνω Σαούλ, ὅτι οὗτος Σαμουήλ, καὶ ἔκυψεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ
1 Reigns 28:14 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:14 (English Elpenor)
And he said to her, “What did you perceive?” And she said to him, “A man, standing, coming up out of the ground, and he is wrapped in a double-cloak.” And Saoul knew that this was Samouel, and he bowed with his face to the ground and did obeisance to him.	And he said to her, What didst thou perceive? and she said to him, An upright man ascending out of the earth, and he [was] clothed with a mantle. And Saul knew that this was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the earth, and did obeisance to him.

1 Samuel 28:15 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:15 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:15 (NET)
And Samuel said to Saul: ‘Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?’ And Saul answered: ‘I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and G-d is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.’	And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.	Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?” Saul replied, “I am terribly troubled! The Philistines are fighting against me and God has turned away from me. He does not answer me anymore—not by the prophets nor by dreams. So I have called on you to tell me what I should do.”

1 Samuel 28:15 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Σαμουηλ ἵνα τί παρηνώχλησάς μοι ἀναβῆναί με καὶ εἶπεν Σαουλ θλίβομαι σφόδρα καὶ οἱ ἀλλόφυλοι πολεμοῦσιν ἐν ἐμοί καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἀφέστηκεν ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπακήκοέν μοι ἔτι καὶ ἐν χειρὶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ ἐν τοῗς ἐνυπνίοις καὶ νῦν κέκληκά σε γνωρίσαι μοι τί ποιήσω	καὶ εἶπε Σαμουήλ· ἱνατί παρηνώχλησάς μοι ἀναβῆναί με; καὶ εἶπε Σαούλ· θλίβομαι σφόδρα, καὶ οἱ ἀλλόφυλοι πολεμοῦσιν ἐν ἐμοί, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἀφέστηκεν ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπακήκοέ μοι ἔτι καὶ ἐν χειρὶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐνυπνίοις· καὶ νῦν κέκληκά σε γνωρίσαι μοι τί ποιήσω
1 Reigns 28:15 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:15 (English Elpenor)
And Samouel said, “Why did you disturb me that I ascend?” And Saoul said, “I am greatly distressed, and the allophyles are warring against me, and God has turned away from me and no longer heeds me, either by the hand of prophets or by dreams, and now I have summoned you to tell me what I shall do.”	And Samuel said, Why hast thou troubled me, that I should come up? And Saul said, I am greatly distressed, and the Philistines war against me, and God has departed from me, and no longer hearkens to me either by the hand of the prophets or by dreams: and now I have called thee to tell me what I shall do.

1 Samuel 28:16 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:16 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:16 (NET)
And Samuel said: `Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing HaShem is departed from thee, and is become thine adversary?	Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy?	Samuel said, “Why are you asking me, now that the Lord has turned away from you and has become your enemy?

1 Samuel 28:16 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Σαμουηλ ἵνα τί ἐπερωτᾷς με καὶ κύριος ἀφέστηκεν ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ γέγονεν μετὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου	καὶ εἶπε Σαμουήλ· ἱνατί ἐπερωτᾷς με; καὶ Κύριος ἀφέστηκεν ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ γέγονε μετὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου
1 Reigns 28:16 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:16 (English Elpenor)
And Samouel said, “Why do you inquire of me? And the Lord has turned from you and is with your neighbor,	And Samuel said, Why askest thou me, whereas the Lord has departed from thee, and taken part with thy neighbour?

1 Samuel 28:17 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:17 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:17 (NET)
And HaShem hath wrought for Himself; as He spoke by me; and HaShem hath rent the kingdom out of thy hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David.	And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David:	The Lord has done exactly as I prophesied! The Lord has torn the kingdom from your hand and has given it to your neighbor David!

1 Samuel 28:17 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ πεποίηκεν κύριός σοι καθὼς ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρί μου καὶ διαρρήξει κύριος τὴν βασιλείαν σου ἐκ χειρός σου καὶ δώσει αὐτὴν τῷ πλησίον σου τῷ Δαυιδ	καὶ πεποίηκε Κύριός σοι καθὼς ἐλάλησε Κύριος ἐν χειρί μου, καὶ διαρρήξει Κύριος τὴν βασιλείαν σου ἐκ χειρός σου καὶ δώσει αὐτὴν τῷ πλησίον σου τῷ Δαυίδ
1 Reigns 28:17 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:17 (English Elpenor)
and the Lord has done to you just as he spoke by my hand, and the Lord will tear your kingdom out of your hand and give it to your neighbor Dauid.	And the Lord has done to thee, as the Lord spoke by me; and the Lord will rend thy kingdom out of thy hand, and will give it to thy neighbour David.

1 Samuel 28:18 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:18 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:18 (NET)
Because thou didst not hearken to the voice of HaShem, and didst not execute His fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath HaShem done this thing unto thee this day.	Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day.	Since you did not obey the Lord and did not carry out his fierce anger against the Amalekites, the Lord has done this thing to you today.

1 Samuel 28:18 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
διότι οὐκ ἤκουσας φωνῆς κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησας θυμὸν ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ ἐν Αμαληκ διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ἐποίησεν κύριός σοι τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ	διότι οὐκ ἤκουσας φωνῆς Κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησας θυμὸν ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ ἐν ᾿Αμαλήκ, διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ἐποίησε Κύριός σοι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ
1 Reigns 28:18 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:18 (English Elpenor)
Because you did not hear the voice of the Lord and did not carry out his fierce wrath on Amalek, therefore the Lord did this thing to you this day.	because thou didst not hearken to the voice of the Lord, and didst not execute his fierce anger upon Amalec, therefore the Lord has done this thing to thee this day.

1 Samuel 28:19 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 28:19 (KJV)	1 Samuel 28:19 (NET)
Moreover HaShem will deliver Israel also with thee into the hand of the Philistines; and to-morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me; HaShem will deliver the host of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines.’	Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines.	The Lord will hand you and Israel over to the Philistines! Tomorrow both you and your sons will be with me. The Lord will also hand the army of Israel over to the Philistines!”

1 Samuel 28:19 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 28:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ παραδώσει κύριος τὸν Ισραηλ μετὰ σοῦ εἰς χεῗρας ἀλλοφύλων καὶ αὔριον σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου μετὰ σοῦ πεσοῦνται καὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν Ισραηλ δώσει κύριος εἰς χεῗρας ἀλλοφύλων	καὶ παραδώσει Κύριος τὸν ᾿Ισραὴλ μετὰ σοῦ εἰς χεῖρας ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ αὔριον σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου μετὰ σοῦ πεσοῦνται, καὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν ᾿Ισραὴλ δώσει Κύριος εἰς χεῖρας ἀλλοφύλων
1 Reigns 28:19 (NETS)	1 Kings 28:19 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord will hand over Israel along with you into the hands of allophyles, and tomorrow you and your sons with you shall fall, and the Lord will give the camp of Israel into the hands of allophyles.”	And the Lord shall deliver Israel with thee into the hands of the Philistines, and to-morrow thou and thy sons with thee shall fall, and the Lord shall deliver the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines.

Matthew 6:7 (NET)	Matthew 6:7 (KJV)
When you pray, do not babble repetitiously like the Gentiles because they think that by their many words they will be heard.	But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Προσευχόμενοι δὲ μὴ βατταλογήσητε ὥσπερ οἱ ἐθνικοί, δοκοῦσιν γὰρ ὅτι ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν εἰσακουσθήσονται	προσευχομενοι δε μη βαττολογησητε ωσπερ οι εθνικοι δοκουσιν γαρ οτι εν τη πολυλογια αυτων εισακουσθησονται	προσευχομενοι δε μη βαττολογησητε ωσπερ οι εθνικοι δοκουσιν γαρ οτι εν τη πολυλογια αυτων εισακουσθησονται

Matthew 7:22 (NET)	Matthew 7:22 (KJV)
On that day, many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, didn’t we prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many powerful deeds in your name?’	Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
πολλοὶ ἐροῦσιν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ· κύριε κύριε, οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν	πολλοι ερουσιν μοι εν εκεινη τη ημερα κυριε κυριε ου τω σω ονοματι προεφητευσαμεν και τω σω ονοματι δαιμονια εξεβαλομεν και τω σω ονοματι δυναμεις πολλας εποιησαμεν	πολλοι ερουσιν μοι εν εκεινη τη ημερα κυριε κυριε ου τω σω ονοματι προεφητευσαμεν και τω σω ονοματι δαιμονια εξεβαλομεν και τω σω ονοματι δυναμεις πολλας εποιησαμεν

Matthew 21:28 (NET)	Matthew 21:28 (KJV)
“What do you think? A man had two sons. He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work in the vineyard today.’	But what think ye? A certain man had two sons; and he came to the first, and said, Son, go work to day in my vineyard.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ; ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν τέκνα δύο. \|καὶ\| προσελθὼν τῷ πρώτῳ εἶπεν· τέκνον, ὕπαγε σήμερον ἐργάζου ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι	τι δε υμιν δοκει ανθρωπος ειχεν τεκνα δυο και προσελθων τω πρωτω ειπεν τεκνον υπαγε σημερον εργαζου εν τω αμπελωνι μου	τι δε υμιν δοκει ανθρωπος ειχεν τεκνα δυο και προσελθων τω πρωτω ειπεν τεκνον υπαγε σημερον εργαζου εν τω αμπελωνι μου

Matthew 21:30, 31 (NET)	Matthew 21:30, 31 (KJV)
The father went to the other son and said the same thing. This boy answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but did not go.	And he came to the second, and said likewise. And he answered and said, I go, sir: and went not.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
προσελθὼν δὲ τῷ \|ἑτέρῳ\| εἶπεν ὡσαύτως. ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· \|ἐγώ, κύριε, καὶ οὐκ\| ἀπῆλθεν	και προσελθων τω δευτερω ειπεν ωσαυτως ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν εγω κυριε και ουκ απηλθεν	και προσελθων τω δευτερω ειπεν ωσαυτως ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν εγω κυριε και ουκ απηλθεν

Which of the two did his father’s will?” They said, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, tax collectors and prostitutes will go ahead of you into the kingdom of God!

Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
τίς ἐκ τῶν δύο ἐποίησεν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός; λέγουσιν· ὁ \|πρῶτος\|. λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οἱ τελῶναι καὶ αἱ πόρναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ	τις εκ των δυο εποιησεν το θελημα του πατρος λεγουσιν αυτω ο πρωτος λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους αμην λεγω υμιν οτι οι τελωναι και αι πορναι προαγουσιν υμας εις την βασιλειαν του θεου	τις εκ των δυο εποιησεν το θελημα του πατρος λεγουσιν αυτω ο πρωτος λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους αμην λεγω υμιν οτι οι τελωναι και αι πορναι προαγουσιν υμας εις την βασιλειαν του θεου

Luke 12:47 (NET)	Luke 12:47 (KJV)
That servant who knew his master’s will but did not get ready or do what his master asked will receive a severe beating.	And that servant, which knew his lord’s will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὁ δοῦλος ὁ γνοὺς τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ ποιήσας πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ δαρήσεται πολλάς	εκεινος δε ο δουλος ο γνους το θελημα του κυριου εαυτου και μη ετοιμασας μηδε ποιησας προς το θελημα αυτου δαρησεται πολλας	εκεινος δε ο δουλος ο γνους το θελημα του κυριου εαυτου και μη ετοιμασας μηδε ποιησας προς το θελημα αυτου δαρησεται πολλας

John 4:34 (NET)	John 4:34 (KJV)
Jesus said to them, “My food is to do the will of the one who sent me and to complete his work.	Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἐμὸν βρῶμα ἐστιν ἵνα ποιήσω τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντος με καὶ τελειώσω αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον	λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους εμον βρωμα εστιν ινα ποιω το θελημα του πεμψαντος με και τελειωσω αυτου το εργον	λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους εμον βρωμα εστιν ινα ποιω το θελημα του πεμψαντος με και τελειωσω αυτου το εργον

The Will of God – Jesus, Part 2

Back to Son of God – John, Part 5

Back to David’s Forgiveness, Part 12

Back to Prayer

Back to Romans, Part 60

Back to To Make Holy, Part 4

Back to Romans, Part 23

Back to Son of God – John, Part 4

Back to Sexual Immorality Revisited, Part 1

Back to Romans, Part 55

Back to Who Am I? Part 12

Back to Funeral, Part 3

Back to Christianity, Part 2

Back to Christianity, Part 4

Back to Christianity, Part 7

Back to Who Am I? Part 17

Back to Christ-Centered Preaching, Chapter 4, Part 3

Back to Exploration, Part 3

Back to Exploration, Part 11

¹ Mark 3:35 (NET); also Matthew 12:50 (NET)

² The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article της preceding earth. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

³ Matthew 6:9, 10 (NET); also Luke 11:2 (KJV) but not (NET) Note in NET: “Most mss (א A C D W Θ Ψ 070 Ë¹³ 33^vid Ï it) read at the end of the verse ‘may your will be done on earth as [it is] in heaven,’ making this version parallel to Matt 6:10. The shorter reading is found, however, in weighty mss (Ì⁷⁵ B L pc), and cannot be easily explained as arising from the longer reading.”

⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had βατταλογήσητε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had βαττολογησητε (KJV: use…vain repetitions).

⁵ Matthew 7:21 (NET) Table

⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐπροφητεύσαμεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προεφητευσαμεν (KJV: have we…prophesied).

⁷ Matthew 7:22, 23 (NET)

⁸ Romans 8:28b-30 (NET)

⁹ Leviticus 19:31 (NET)

¹⁰ Leviticus 20:27a (NET)

¹¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μου (KJV: my) following vineyard. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had δὲ following went, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: And) following it (KJV: came).

¹³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἑτέρῳ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δευτερω (KJV: second).

¹⁴ Matthew 21:28-31a (NET)

¹⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had αὐτοῦ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εαυτου.

¹⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἢ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μηδε (KJV: neither).

¹⁷ Luke 12:47, 48 (NET)

¹⁸ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ποιήσω here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ποιω.

¹⁹ John 4:34 (NET)

²⁰ John 6:38 (NET) Table

²¹ John 5:30 (NET) Table

The Gospel and the Religious Mind

An attempt to distinguish the mind of Christ from the ordinary religious mind.

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Paul’s OT Quotes – Romans 3:10-18

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