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Paul |
Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint) |
NET Bible (Greek parallel text) |
| 1 | The one who does these things will live by them
Romans 10:5 (NET) |
ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς | ο ποιησας ανθρωπος ζησεται εν αυτη |
| 2 | Do not say in your heart…
Romans 10:6 (NET) |
μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου | μη ειπης εν τη καρδια σου |
| 3 | Who will ascend into heaven?
Romans 10:6 (NET) |
τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν | τις αναβησεται εις τον ουρανον |
| 4 | Who will descend into the abyss?
Romans 10:7 (NET) |
τίς διαπεράσει ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν [τῆς θαλάσσης] | τις καταβησεται εις την αβυσσον |
| 5 | The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart
Romans 10:8 (NET) |
ἔστιν σου ἐγγὺς τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ | εγγυς σου το ρημα εστιν εν τω στοματι σου και εν τη καρδια |
In Item #1 ἃ in the Septuagint is probably which, while ο in the parallel Greek text is the [Addendum 2/20/2021: the one who]. In Romans 10:2 (KJV) μαρτυρω γαρ αυτοις was translated For I bear them (αυτοις) record. The word them was left out of the NET translation (For I can testify), though αυτοις appears in the parallel Greek text as it does in the Septuagint. The word αυτη in Romans 10:5 was also translated them in both the NET and KJV. Both αυτοις (Leviticus 18:5 Septuagint) and αυτη (Romans 10:5 parallel Greek text) are forms of αὐτός. Bill Braun has significantly more to say about this on his site.1
Item #2 is identical (except for accent marks) and would pass without comment if not for the rest of the verse. It is very interesting to me that Paul also had this passage on his mind (Deuteronomy 9:4-6 NET).
Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them [e.g., the people of Canaan] out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you [Table]. It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he made on oath to your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn people!
Item #3 in the Septuagint was translated, Who will ascend into heaven for us, in the New King James translation. Paul dropped the word ἡμῖν (for us).
Item #4 was translated, Who will go over the sea for us, in the New King James translation. Paul changed πέραν (other side) to αβυσσον (abyss). Paul may have been thinking of Jesus’ description of Hades. Abraham said to the rich man, Besides2 all3 this, a great chasm (χάσμα) has been fixed between us, so that those who want to cross over (διαβῆναι, a form of διαβαίνω) from here4 to you cannot do so, and no one can cross (διαπερῶσιν, a form of διαπεράω) from there5 to us.6 For he also changed διαπεράσει (a form of διαπεράω, go over) to καταβησεται (descend). The changes obviously worked better with the symmetry of his message: or “Who will descend into the abyss?” (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).7
Item #5 is essentially the same except for word order in the beginning, and Paul dropped the word σφόδρα (very).
Addendum: February 21, 2021
The Free Bible Commentary by Dr. Bob Utley cited Romans 10:7 as an allusion to Psalm 107:26, sailors at sea in a storm.
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Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Psalm 107:26 (Tanakh) | Psalm 107:26 (NET) | Psalm 106:26 (NETS) |
Psalm 106:26 (English Elpenor) |
| They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths (תְהוֹמ֑וֹת): their soul is melted because of trouble. | They reached up to the sky, then dropped into the depths (tᵊhôm, תהומות). The sailors’ strength left them because the danger was so great. | They mount up as far as the heavens, and they go down as far as the depths (ἀβύσσων); their soul would melt away in calamity; | They go up to the heavens, and go down to the depths (ἀβύσσων); their soul melts because of troubles. |
It does associate ἀβύσσων (a form of ἄβυσσος) with the sea. Dr. Utley considered Romans 10:6-8 “an allusion to Deut. 30:11-14 in the Septuagint (LXX), which Paul modified for his purposes.”
Tables comparing Deuteronomy 9:5; 9:6 and Psalm 107:26 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Deuteronomy 9:5; 9:6 and Psalm 107:26 (106:26) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing Luke 16:26 in the NET and KJV follow.
| Deuteronomy 9:5 (KJV) | ||
| Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thy heart, dost thou go in to possess their land; but for the wickedness of these nations HaShem thy G-d doth drive them out from before thee, and that He may establish the word which HaShem swore unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. | Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thine heart, dost thou go to possess their land: but for the wickedness of these nations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and that he may perform the word which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. | It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he made on oath to your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. |
| οὐχὶ διὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν ὁσιότητα τῆς καρδίας σου σὺ εἰσπορεύῃ κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων κύριος ἐξολεθρεύσει αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου σου καὶ ἵνα στήσῃ τὴν διαθήκην αὐτοῦ ἣν ὤμοσεν τοῗς πατράσιν ὑμῶν τῷ Αβρααμ καὶ τῷ Ισαακ καὶ τῷ Ιακωβ | οὐχὶ διὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου, οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν ὁσιότητα τῆς καρδίας σου σὺ εἰσπορεύῃ κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων Κύριος ἐξολοθρεύσει αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου σου καὶ ἵνα στήσῃ τὴν διαθήκην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ὤμοσε Κύριος τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν, τῷ ῾Αβραὰμ καὶ τῷ ᾿Ισαὰκ καὶ τῷ ᾿Ιακώβ |
| It is not because of your righteousness or the holiness of your heart that you are going to inherit their land, but because of the impiety of these nations the Lord will destroy them utterly before you, and in order that he may uphold the covenant that the Lord swore to your fathers, to Abraham and Isaak and Iakob. | Not for thy righteousness, nor for the holiness of thy heart, dost thou go in to inherit their land, but because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord will destroy them from before thee, and that he may establish the covenant, which the Lord sware to our fathers, to Abraam, and to Isaac, and to Jacob. |
| Deuteronomy 9:6 (KJV) | ||
| Know therefore that it is not for thy righteousness that HaShem thy G-d giveth thee this good land to possess it; for thou art a stiffnecked people. | Understand therefore, that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this good land to possess it for thy righteousness; for thou art a stiffnecked people. | Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn people! |
| καὶ γνώσῃ σήμερον ὅτι οὐχὶ διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας σου κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην κληρονομῆσαι ὅτι λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος εἶ | καὶ γνώσῃ σήμερον ὅτι οὐχὶ διὰ τὰς δικαιοσύνας σου Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην κληρονομῆσαι, ὅτι λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος εἶ |
| And you shall know, today, that it is not because of your righteousness the Lord your God is giving you this good land to inherit, for you are a stiff-necked people. | And thou shalt know to-day, that [it is] not for thy righteousnesses the Lord thy God gives thee this good land to inherit, or thou art a stiff-necked people. |
| Psalm 107:26 (KJV) | ||
| They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble. | They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble. | They reached up to the sky, then dropped into the depths. The sailors’ strength left them because the danger was so great. |
| ἀναβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν ἀβύσσων ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν ἐν κακοῗς ἐτήκετο | ἀναβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἕως τῶν ἀβύσσων, ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν ἐν κακοῖς ἐτήκετο |
| They mount up as far as the heavens, and they go down as far as the depths; their soul would melt away in calamity; | They go up to the heavens, and go down to the depths; their soul melts because of troubles. |
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Luke 16:26 (KJV) |
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| Besides all this, a great chasm has been fixed between us, so that those who want to cross over from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.’ | And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις μεταξὺ ἡμῶν καὶ ὑμῶν χάσμα μέγα ἐστήρικται, ὅπως οἱ θέλοντες διαβῆναι ἔνθεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς μὴ δύνωνται, μηδὲ ἐκεῖθεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς διαπερῶσιν | και επι πασιν τουτοις μεταξυ ημων και υμων χασμα μεγα εστηρικται οπως οι θελοντες διαβηναι εντευθεν προς υμας μη δυνωνται μηδε οι εκειθεν προς ημας διαπερωσιν | και επι πασιν τουτοις μεταξυ ημων και υμων χασμα μεγα εστηρικται οπως οι θελοντες διαβηναι ενθεν προς υμας μη δυνωνται μηδε οι εκειθεν προς ημας διαπερωσιν |
1 This site is no longer accessible online.
2 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επι (KJV: beside).
3 The NET parallel Greek text had πᾶσι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had πασιν.
4 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἔνθεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had εντευθεν (KJV: from hence).
5 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οι preceding from there. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
6 Luke 16:26 (NET)
7 Romans 10:7 (NET)
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