| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Psalm 110:1 (Tanakh) |
Psalm 110:1 (NET) |
Psalm 109:1 (NETS) |
Psalm 109:1 (English Elpenor) |
| The LORD (יְהֹוָ֨ה) said unto my Lord (לַֽאדֹנִ֗י), Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. |
A psalm of David. Here is the Lord’s (yehôvâh, יהוה) proclamation to my lord (ʼâdôn, לאדני): “Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool.” |
Pertaining to Dauid. A Psalm. The Lord (κύριος) said to my lord (κυρίῳ), “Sit on my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” |
[A Psalm of David.] The Lord (Κύριος) said to my Lord (Κυρίῳ), Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. |
This verse has compelled me to consider something more like trinitarianism to continue to believe that Jesus is יְהֹוָ֨ה (yehôvâh) come in human flesh. A table comparing the two Hebrew words translated Lord in Morfix follows. My procedure was the same: if I got no result using vowel points I used the word from the NET parallel Hebrew text without vowel points.
| Psalm 110:1 |
| Hebrew |
Tanakh |
Homographs |
English Definitions |
| יְהֹוָ֨ה יהוה |
The LORD |
יְהֹוָה |
(biblical) Jehovah, God, the Lord |
| הִוָּה |
to constitute |
| לַֽאדֹנִ֗י לאדני |
my Lord |
אֶדֶן |
windowsill; railway sleeper; (flowery) base, foundation |
| אֲדֹנָי |
God, the Lord |
It seems odd to list אֶדֶן and אֲדֹנָי as homographs since they are so distinctly different, but אָדֹן occurred in Strong’s concordance as well. I don’t know Hebrew well enough to do much more than report at this point. Apparently this is not the only homograph of אֲדֹנָי.
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 15:1, 2 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 15:1, 2 (NET) |
Genesis 15:1, 2 (NETS) |
Genesis 15:1, 2 (English Elpenor) |
| After these things the word of HaShem (יְהֹוָה֙) came unto Abram in a vision, saying: ‘Fear not, Abram, I am thy shield, thy reward shall be exceeding great.’ |
After these things the Lord’s (yehôvâh, יהוה) message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram! I am your shield and the one who will reward you in great abundance.” |
Now after these matters the Lord’s (κυρίου) word came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Do not be afraid, Abram; I am shielding you; your reward shall be very great.” |
AND after these things the word of the Lord (Κυρίου) came to Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram, I shield thee, thy reward shall be very great. |
| And Abram said: ‘O L-rd (אֲדֹנָ֤י) GOD (יֱהֹוִה֙), what wilt Thou give me, seeing I go hence childless, and he that shall be possessor of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?’ |
But Abram said, “O Sovereign (ʼădônây, אדני) Lord (yehôvih, יהוה), what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?” |
But Abram was saying, “O Master (δέσποτα), what will you give me? And I, I am going away childless; as for the son of Masek, my female homebred, he is Damascus Eliezer.” |
And Abram said, Master (δέσποτα) [and] Lord (Κύριε), what wilt thou give me? whereas I am departing without a child, but the son of Masek my home-born female slave, this Eliezer of Damascus [is mine heir.] |
Morfix didn’t recognize any difference between the homographs אֲדֹנָֽי (ʼâdôn) and אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʼădônây), but I only got a result when I used the NET parallel Hebrew אדני without vowel points.
| Psalm 110:1 |
| Hebrew |
Tanakh |
Homographs |
English Definitions |
| לַֽאדֹנִ֗י לאדני |
my Lord |
אֶדֶן |
windowsill; railway sleeper; (flowery) base, foundation |
| אֲדֹנָי |
God, the Lord |
| Genesis 15:2 |
| אֲדֹנָ֤י אדני |
L-rd |
אֶדֶן |
windowsill; railway sleeper; (flowery) base, foundation |
| אֲדֹנָי |
God, the Lord |
The rabbis chose δέσποτα a form of δεσπότης, “lord, master, despot; owner of a ship; one who wields absolute authority and control,” for אֲדֹנָ֤י (ʼădônây). In Psalm 110:1 they had chosen Κυρίῳ (Table2 below) a form of κύριος, “Lord, master, Sir, God; owner, someone who owns and controls (possessions); someone addressed as being of a higher social standing; someone who exercises absolute authority over someone else or something,” for לַֽאדֹנִ֗י (ʼâdôn). The words are synonyms. The rabbis’ choice of δέσποτα here avoided the awkward Κύριε Κύριε (Table6 below) and in the following example (Table12 below).
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 15:6-8 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 15: 6-8 (NET) |
Genesis 15: 6-8 (NETS) |
Genesis 15: 6-8 (English Elpenor) |
| And he believed in HaShem (בַּֽיהֹוָ֑ה); and He counted it to him for righteousness. |
Abram believed the Lord (yehôvâh, ביהוה), and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him. |
And Abraham believed God (θεῷ), and it was reckoned to him as righteousness. |
And Abram believed God (Θεῷ), and it was counted to him for righteousness. |
| And He said unto him: ‘I am HaShem (יְהֹוָ֗ה) that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.’ |
The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord (yehôvâh, יהוה) who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.” |
Then he said to him, “I am the God (θεὸς) who brought you out of the country of the Chaldeans so as to give you this land to possess.” |
And he said to him, I am God (Θεὸς) that brought thee out of the land of the Chaldeans, so as to give thee this land to inherit. |
| And he said: ‘O L-rd (אֲדֹנָ֣י) GOD (יֱהֹוִ֔ה), whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?’ |
But Abram said, “O Sovereign (ʼădônây, אדני) Lord (yehôvih, יהוה), by what can I know that I am to possess it?” |
But he said, “O Master (δέσποτα), Lord (κύριε), how shall I know that I shall possess it?” |
And he said, Master (Δέσποτα) [and] Lord (Κύριε), how shall I know that I shall inherit it? |
The next occurrence of אֲדֹנָ֗י (ʼădônây) was not immediately followed by יֱהֹוִ֔ה (yehôvih); the rabbis chose κύριε rather than δέσποτα.
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 18:1-3 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:1-3 (NET) |
Genesis 18:1-3 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:1-3 (English Elpenor) |
| And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֔ה) appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day; |
The Lord (yehôvâh, יהוה) appeared to Abraham by the oaks of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent during the hottest time of the day. |
AND God (θεὸς) appeared to him by the oak of Mambre, as he sat by the door of his tent at noon. |
AND God (Θεὸς) appeared to him by the oak of Mambre, as he sat by the door of his tent at noon. |
| and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth, |
Abraham looked up and saw three men standing across from him. When he saw them he ran from the entrance of the tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground. |
And looking up with his eyes he saw, and see, three men stood over him. And when he saw them, he ran forward from his tent door to meet them and did obeisance upon the ground |
And he lifted up his eyes and beheld, and lo! three men stood before him; and having seen them he ran to meet them from the door of his tent, and did obeisance to the ground. |
| and said: ‘My lord (אֲדֹנָ֗י), if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant. |
He said, “My lord (ʼădônây, אדני), if I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by and leave your servant. |
and said, “Lord (κύριε), if perchance I have found favor before you, do not pass by your servant. |
And he said, Lord (κύριε), if indeed I have found grace in thy sight, pass not by thy servant. |
In the next occurrence יְהֹוָ֔ה (yehôvâh) was translated Κύριος and אֲדֹנָ֔י (ʼădônây) Κύριόν (another form of κύριος).
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 18:26, 27 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:26, 27 (NET) |
Genesis 18:26, 27 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:26, 27 (English Elpenor) |
| And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֔ה) said: ‘If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will forgive all the place for their sake.’ |
So the Lord (yehôvâh, יהוה) replied, “If I find in the city of Sodom fifty godly people, I will spare the whole place for their sake.” |
Then the Lord (κύριος) said, “If I find in Sodoma fifty righteous in the city, I will forgive the whole place for their sake.” |
And the Lord (Κύριος) said, If there should be in Sodom fifty righteous in the city, I will spare the whole city, and the whole place for their sakes. |
| And Abraham answered and said: ‘Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the L-rd (אֲדֹנָ֔י), who am but dust and ashes. |
Then Abraham asked, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord [ʼădônây, אדני] (although I am but dust and ashes), |
And Abraam said in reply, “Now I have begun to speak to the Lord (κύριον), though I am earth and ashes. |
And Abraam answered and said, Now I have begun to speak to my Lord (Κύριόν), and I am earth and ashes. |
In the next example two occurrences of לַֽאדֹנָי֙ (ʼădônây) were translated κύριε (another form of κύριος) and אֲדֹנָ֔י (ʼădônây) κύριον, while the lone instance of יְהֹוָ֔ה (yehôvâh) was translated Κύριος.
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 18:30-33 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:30-33 (NET) |
Genesis 18:30-33 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:30-33 (English Elpenor) |
| And he said: ‘Oh, let not the L-rd (לַֽאדֹנָי֙) be angry, and I will speak. Peradventure there shall thirty be found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not do it, if I find thirty there.’ |
Then Abraham said, “May the Lord (ʼădônây, לאדני) not be angry so that I may speak! What if thirty are found there?” He replied, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.” |
And he said, “Pardon, Lord (κύριε), if I should speak. But if thirty should be found there?” And he said, “I will not destroy it, if I find thirty there.” |
And he said, Will there be anything [against me], Lord (κύριε), if I shall speak? but if there be found there thirty? And he said, I will not destroy it for the thirty’s sake. |
| And he said: ‘Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the L-rd (אֲדֹנָ֔י). Peradventure there shall be twenty found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not destroy it for the twenty’s sake.’ |
Abraham said, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord (ʼădônây, אדני), what if only twenty are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the twenty.” |
And he said, “Since I am compelled to speak to the Lord (κύριον)—and if twenty should be found there?” And he said, “On account of the twenty I will not destroy it.” |
And he said, Since I am able to speak to the Lord (κύριον), what if there should be found there twenty? And he said, I will not destroy it, if I should find there twenty. |
| And he said: ‘Oh, let not the L-rd (לַֽאדֹנָי֙) be angry, and I will speak yet but this once. Peradventure ten shall be found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.’ |
Finally Abraham said, “May the Lord (ʼădônây, לאדני) not be angry so that I may speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the ten.” |
And he said, “Pardon, Lord (κύριε), if I should speak once more. But if ten should be found there?” And he said, “On account of the ten I will not destroy it.” |
And he said, Will there be anything [against me], Lord (κύριε), if I speak yet once? but if there should be found there ten? And he said, I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake. |
| And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֔ה) went His way, as soon as He had left off speaking to Abraham; and Abraham returned unto his place. |
The Lord (yehôvâh, יהוה) went on his way when he had finished speaking to Abraham. Then Abraham returned home. |
Then the Lord (κύριος) went away, when he had left off speaking to Abraam, and Abraam returned to his place. |
And the Lord (Κύριος) departed, when he left off speaking to Abraam, and Abraam returned to his place. |
The next occurrence of אֲדֹנַ֗י (ʼâdôn) was translated κύριοι (another form of κύριος).
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 19:1, 2 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19:1, 2 (NET) |
Genesis 19:1, 2 (NETS) |
Genesis 19:1, 2 (English Elpenor) |
| And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth; |
The two angels came to Sodom in the evening while Lot was sitting in the city’s gateway. When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face toward the ground. |
Now the two angels came to Sodoma at evening, and Lot was sitting beside the gate of Sodoma. And when Lot saw them he rose to meet them and did obeisance with his face upon the ground |
AND the two angels came to Sodom at evening. And Lot sat by the gate of Sodom, and Lot having seen them, rose up to meet them, and he worshipped with his face to the ground, and said, |
| and he said: ‘Behold now, my lords (אֲדֹנַ֗י), turn aside, I pray you, into your servant’s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your way.’ And they said: ‘Nay; but we will abide in the broad place all night.’ |
He said, “Here, my lords (ʼâdôn, אדני), please turn aside to your servant’s house. Stay the night and wash your feet. Then you can be on your way early in the morning.” “No,” they replied, “we’ll spend the night in the town square.” |
and said, “Here, lords (κύριοι), turn aside to your servant’s house, and find lodging, and wash your feet, and when you have risen early you will depart on your way.” They, however, said, “No, but we will find lodging in the street.” |
Lo! [my] lords (κύριοι), turn aside to the house of your servant, and rest from your journey, and wash your feet, and having risen early in the morning ye shall depart on your journey. And they said, Nay, but we will lodge in the street. |
In the next example אֲדֹנָֽי (ʼâdôn) was translated κύριε (another form of κύριος).
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Genesis 19:16-18 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19: 16-18 (NET) |
Genesis 19: 16-18 (NETS) |
Genesis 19: 16-18 (English Elpenor) |
| But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; HaShem (יְהֹוָ֖ה) being merciful unto him. And they brought him forth, and set him without the city. |
When Lot hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord (yehôvâh, יהוה) had compassion on them. They led them away and placed them outside the city. |
And they were confounded, and the angels seized his hand and his wife’s hand and his daughters’ hands, as the Lord (κύριον) spared him. |
And they were troubled, and the angels laid hold on his hand, and the hand of his wife, and the hands of his two daughters, in that the Lord (Κύριον) spared him. |
| And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: ‘Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.’ |
When they had brought them outside, they said, “Run for your lives! Don’t look behind you or stop anywhere in the valley! Escape to the mountains or you will be destroyed!” |
And it came about when they had brought them outside, that then they said, “In saving, save your own soul; do not look around backwards or stop in the whole region round about; get safely to the mountain, that you not be included.” |
And it came to pass when they brought them out, that they said, Save thine own life by all means; look not round to that which is behind, nor stay in all the country round about, escape to the mountain, lest perhaps thou be overtaken together with them. |
| And Lot said unto them: ‘Oh, not so, my lord (אֲדֹנָֽי); |
But Lot said to them, “No, please, Lord (ʼâdôn, אדני)! |
But Lot said to them, “I pray, Lord (κύριε), |
And Lot said to them, I pray, Lord (κύριε), |
The distinction between the homographs אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʼădônây) and אֲדֹנָֽי (ʼâdôn) seems to be a matter of vowel points and context. I can understand why a religious mind might wish to make this distinction. I was highly offended that my third grade spelling book presented God as a spelling word. I still wanted a good grade, so I compromised. Every time I practiced spelling God (and on the spelling test itself) I drew lines radiating out from His name, like rays of sunlight. The rabbis who translated the Septuagint don’t seem to have recognized any distinction between אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʼădônây) and אֲדֹנָֽי (ʼâdôn). So far most occurrences were translated with forms of Κύριος.
| Reference |
Chabad.org |
NET |
Strong’s |
BLB |
Elpenor |
| Psalm 110:1 |
לַֽאדֹנִ֗י |
לאדני |
ʼâdôn |
κυρίῳ |
Κυρίῳ |
| Genesis 18:3 |
אֲדֹנָ֗י |
אדני |
ʼădônây |
κύριε |
κύριε |
| Genesis 18:27 |
אֲדֹנָ֔י |
אדני |
ʼădônây |
κύριον |
Κύριόν |
| Genesis 18:30 |
לַֽאדֹנָי֙ |
לאדני |
ʼădônây |
κύριε |
κύριε |
| Genesis 18:31 |
אֲדֹנָ֔י |
אדני |
ʼădônây |
κύριον |
κύριον |
| Genesis 18:32 |
לַֽאדֹנָי֙ |
לאדני |
ʼădônây |
κύριος |
Κύριος |
| Genesis 19:2 |
אֲדֹנַ֗י |
אדני |
ʼâdôn |
κύριοι |
κύριοι |
| Genesis 19:18 |
אֲדֹנָֽי |
אדני |
ʼâdôn |
κύριε |
κύριε |
The two exceptions occurred when the honorific אֲדֹנָ֤י (ʼădônây) was followed immediately by a form of the Name (יֱהֹוִה֙).
| Reference |
Chabad.org |
NET |
Strong’s |
BLB |
Elpenor |
| Genesis 15:2 |
אֲדֹנָ֤י |
אדני |
ʼădônây |
δέσποτα |
δέσποτα |
| Genesis 15:8 |
אֲדֹנָ֣י |
אדני |
ʼădônây |
δέσποτα |
Δέσποτα |
If this pattern of translation holds I’ll assume that the distinction between אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʼădônây) and אֲדֹנָֽי (ʼâdôn) originated sometime after the Old Testament was translated from Hebrew into Greek. This study highlights another issue for me. The superstition regarding the Name (יְהֹוָ֨ה) predates the Greek translation of the Old Testament. The rabbis didn’t transliterate יְהֹוָ֨ה (yehôvâh) and יֱהֹוִה֙ (yehôvih) into Greek[1] but chose a form of Κύριος more often than not.
| Reference |
Chabad.org |
NET |
Strong’s |
BLB |
Elpenor |
| Psalm 110:1 |
יְהֹוָ֨ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
κύριος |
Κύριος |
| Genesis 15:1 |
יְהֹוָה֙ |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
κυρίου |
Κυρίου |
| Genesis 15:2 |
יֱהֹוִה֙ |
יהוה |
yehôvih |
-na- |
Κύριε |
| Genesis 15:8 |
יֱהֹוִ֔ה |
יהוה |
yehôvih |
κύριε |
Κύριε |
| Genesis 18:26 |
יְהֹוָ֔ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
κύριος |
Κύριος |
| Genesis 18:33 |
יְהֹוָ֔ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
κύριος |
Κύριος |
| Genesis 19:16 |
יְהֹוָ֖ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
κύριον |
Κύριον |
There were three exceptions:
| Reference |
Chabad.org |
NET |
Strong’s |
BLB |
Elpenor |
| Genesis 15:6 |
בַּֽיהֹוָ֑ה |
ביהוה |
yehôvâh |
θεῷ |
Θεῷ |
| Genesis 15:7 |
יְהֹוָ֗ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
θεὸς |
Θεὸς |
| Genesis 18:1 |
יְהֹוָ֔ה |
יהוה |
yehôvâh |
θεὸς |
Θεὸς |
I intend to become much more familiar with the Greek translation of יְהֹוָ֨ה (yehôvâh) and יֱהֹוִה֙ (yehôvih) in subsequent essays.
Tables comparing Psalm 110:1; Genesis 15:1; 15:2; 15:6; 15:7; 15:8; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3; 18:26; 18:27; 18:30; 18:31; 18:32; 18:33; 19:1; 19:2; 19:16; 19:17 and 19:18 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET; and tables comparing Psalm 110:1 (109:1); Genesis 15:1; 15:2; 15:6; 15:7; 15:8; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3; 18:26; 18:27; 18:30; 18:31; 18:32; 18:33; 19:1; 19:2; 19:16; 19:17 and 19:18 in the BLB and Elpenor versions of the Septuagint follow.
| Psalm 110:1 (Tanakh) |
Psalm 110:1 (KJV) |
Psalm 110:1 (NET) |
| The LORD (יְהֹוָ֨ה) said unto my Lord (לַֽאדֹנִ֗י), Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. |
A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. |
A psalm of David. Here is the Lord’s (יהוה) proclamation to my lord (לאדני): “Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool.” |
| Psalm 110:1 (Septuagint BLB) |
Psalm 109:1 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| τῷ Δαυιδ ψαλμός εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου |
Ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυΐδ. – ΕΙΠΕΝ ὁ Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου· κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου |
| Psalm 109:1 (NETS) |
Psalm 109:1 (English Elpenor) |
| Pertaining to Dauid. A Psalm. The Lord said to my lord, “Sit on my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” |
[A Psalm of David.] The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. |
| Genesis 15:1 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 15:1 (KJV) |
Genesis 15:1 (NET) |
| After these things the word of HaShem came unto Abram in a vision, saying: ‘Fear not, Abram, I am thy shield, thy reward shall be exceeding great.’ |
After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. |
After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram! I am your shield and the one who will reward you in great abundance.” |
| Genesis 15:1 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 15:1 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| μετὰ δὲ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα ἐγενήθη ῥῆμα κυρίου πρὸς Αβραμ ἐν ὁράματι λέγων μὴ φοβοῦ Αβραμ ἐγὼ ὑπερασπίζω σου ὁ μισθός σου πολὺς ἔσται σφόδρα |
ΜΕΤΑ δὲ τὰ ρήματα ταῦτα ἐγενήθη ρῆμα Κυρίου πρὸς ῞Αβραμ ἐν ὁράματι, λέγων· μὴ φοβοῦ ῞Αβραμ, ἐγὼ ὑπερασπίζω σου· ὁ μισθός σου πολὺς ἔσται σφόδρα |
| Genesis 15:1 (NETS) |
Genesis 15:1 (English Elpenor) |
| Now after these matters the Lord’s word came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Do not be afraid, Abram; I am shielding you; your reward shall be very great.” |
AND after these things the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram, I shield thee, thy reward shall be very great. |
| Genesis 15:2 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 15:2 (KJV) |
Genesis 15:2 (NET) |
| And Abram said: ‘O L-rd GOD, what wilt Thou give me, seeing I go hence childless, and he that shall be possessor of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?’ |
And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus? |
But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?” |
| Genesis 15:2 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 15:2 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| λέγει δὲ Αβραμ δέσποτα τί μοι δώσεις ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπολύομαι ἄτεκνος ὁ δὲ υἱὸς Μασεκ τῆς οἰκογενοῦς μου οὗτος Δαμασκὸς Ελιεζερ |
λέγει δὲ ῞Αβραμ· δέσποτα Κύριε, τί μοι δώσεις; ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπολύομαι ἄτεκνος· ὁ δὲ υἱὸς Μασὲκ τῆς οἰκογενοῦς μου, οὗτος Δαμασκὸς ᾿Ελιέζερ |
| Genesis 15:2 (NETS) |
Genesis 15:2 (English Elpenor) |
| But Abram was saying, “O Master, what will you give me? And I, I am going away childless; as for the son of Masek, my female homebred, he is Damascus Eliezer.” |
And Abram said, Master [and] Lord, what wilt thou give me? whereas I am departing without a child, but the son of Masek my home-born female slave, this Eliezer of Damascus [is mine heir.] |
| Genesis 15:7 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 15:7 (KJV) |
Genesis 15:7 (NET) |
| And He said unto him: ‘I am HaShem that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.’ |
And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. |
The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.” |
| Genesis 18:1 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:1 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:1 (NET) |
| And HaShem appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day; |
And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day; |
The Lord appeared to Abraham by the oaks of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent during the hottest time of the day. |
| Genesis 18:2 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:2 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:2 (NET) |
| and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth, |
And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground, |
Abraham looked up and saw three men standing across from him. When he saw them he ran from the entrance of the tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground. |
| Genesis 18:2 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 18:2 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ἀναβλέψας δὲ τοῗς ὀφθαλμοῗς αὐτοῦ εἶδεν καὶ ἰδοὺ τρεῗς ἄνδρες εἱστήκεισαν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰδὼν προσέδραμεν εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῗς ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ προσεκύνησεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν |
ἀναβλέψας δὲ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ εἶδε, καὶ ἰδοὺ τρεῖς ἄνδρες εἱστήκεισαν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἰδὼν προσέδραμεν εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ προσεκύνησεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν |
| Genesis 18:2 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:2 (English Elpenor) |
| And looking up with his eyes he saw, and see, three men stood over him. And when he saw them, he ran forward from his tent door to meet them and did obeisance upon the ground |
And he lifted up his eyes and beheld, and lo! three men stood before him; and having seen them he ran to meet them from the door of his tent, and did obeisance to the ground. |
| Genesis 18:3 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:3 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:3 (NET) |
| and said: ‘My lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant. |
And said, My Lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant: |
He said, “My lord, if I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by and leave your servant. |
| Genesis 18:26 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:26 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:26 (NET) |
| And HaShem said: ‘If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will forgive all the place for their sake.’ |
And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes. |
So the Lord replied, “If I find in the city of Sodom fifty godly people, I will spare the whole place for their sake.” |
| Genesis 18:27 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:27 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:27 (NET) |
| And Abraham answered and said: ‘Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the L-rd, who am but dust and ashes. |
And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes: |
Then Abraham asked, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord (although I am but dust and ashes), |
| Genesis 18:30 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:30 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:30 (NET) |
| And he said: ‘Oh, let not the L-rd be angry, and I will speak. Peradventure there shall thirty be found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not do it, if I find thirty there.’ |
And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there. |
Then Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry so that I may speak! What if thirty are found there?” He replied, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.” |
| Genesis 18:30 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 18:30 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ εἶπεν μή τι κύριε ἐὰν λαλήσω ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῗ τριάκοντα καὶ εἶπεν οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐὰν εὕρω ἐκεῗ τριάκοντα |
καὶ εἶπε· μή τι κύριε, ἐὰν λαλήσω; ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ τριάκοντα; καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν τριάκοντα |
| Genesis 18:30 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:30 (English Elpenor) |
| And he said, “Pardon, Lord, if I should speak. But if thirty should be found there?” And he said, “I will not destroy it, if I find thirty there.” |
And he said, Will there be anything [against me], Lord, if I shall speak? but if there be found there thirty? And he said, I will not destroy it for the thirty’s sake. |
| Genesis 18:31 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:31 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:31 (NET) |
| And he said: ‘Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the L-rd. Peradventure there shall be twenty found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not destroy it for the twenty’s sake.’ |
And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty’s sake. |
Abraham said, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the twenty.” |
| Genesis 18:31 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 18:31 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ εἶπεν ἐπειδὴ ἔχω λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῗ εἴκοσι καὶ εἶπεν οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν εἴκοσι |
καὶ εἶπεν· ἐπειδὴ ἔχω λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν κύριον· ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ εἴκοσι; καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω, ἐὰν εὕρω ἐκεῖ εἴκοσι |
| Genesis 18:31 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:31 (English Elpenor) |
| And he said, “Since I am compelled to speak to the Lord—and if twenty should be found there?” And he said, “On account of the twenty I will not destroy it.” |
And he said, Since I am able to speak to the Lord, what if there should be found there twenty? And he said, I will not destroy it, if I should find there twenty. |
| Genesis 18:32 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:32 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:32 (NET) |
| And he said: ‘Oh, let not the L-rd be angry, and I will speak yet but this once. Peradventure ten shall be found there.’ And He said: ‘I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.’ |
And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten’s sake. |
Finally Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry so that I may speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the ten.” |
| Genesis 18:32 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 18:32 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ εἶπεν μή τι κύριε ἐὰν λαλήσω ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῗ δέκα καὶ εἶπεν οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν δέκα |
καὶ εἶπε· μήτι κύριε, ἐὰν λαλήσω ἔτι ἅπαξ· ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ δέκα; καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν δέκα |
| Genesis 18:32 (NETS) |
Genesis 18:32 (English Elpenor) |
| And he said, “Pardon, Lord, if I should speak once more. But if ten should be found there?” And he said, “On account of the ten I will not destroy it.” |
And he said, Will there be anything [against me], Lord, if I speak yet once? but if there should be found there ten? And he said, I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake. |
| Genesis 18:33 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 18:33 (KJV) |
Genesis 18:33 (NET) |
| And HaShem went His way, as soon as He had left off speaking to Abraham; and Abraham returned unto his place. |
And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place. |
The Lord went on his way when he had finished speaking to Abraham. Then Abraham returned home. |
| Genesis 19:1 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19:1 (KJV) |
Genesis 19:1 (NET) |
| And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth; |
And there came two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: and Lot seeing them rose up to meet them; and he bowed himself with his face toward the ground; |
The two angels came to Sodom in the evening while Lot was sitting in the city’s gateway. When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face toward the ground. |
| Genesis 19:1 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 19:1 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ἦλθον δὲ οἱ δύο ἄγγελοι εἰς Σοδομα ἑσπέρας Λωτ δὲ ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν πύλην Σοδομων ἰδὼν δὲ Λωτ ἐξανέστη εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῗς καὶ προσεκύνησεν τῷ προσώπῳ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν |
ΗΛΘΟΝ δὲ οἱ δύο ἄγγελοι εἰς Σόδομα ἑσπέρας· Λὼτ δὲ ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν πύλην Σοδόμων. ἰδὼν δὲ Λώτ, ἐξανέστη εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς καὶ προσεκύνησε τῷ προσώπῳ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν |
| Genesis 19:1 (NETS) |
Genesis 19:1 (English Elpenor) |
| Now the two angels came to Sodoma at evening, and Lot was sitting beside the gate of Sodoma. And when Lot saw them he rose to meet them and did obeisance with his face upon the ground |
AND the two angels came to Sodom at evening. And Lot sat by the gate of Sodom, and Lot having seen them, rose up to meet them, and he worshipped with his face to the ground, and said, |
| Genesis 19:2 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19:2 (KJV) |
Genesis 19:2 (NET) |
| and he said: ‘Behold now, my lords, turn aside, I pray you, into your servant’s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your way.’ And they said: ‘Nay; but we will abide in the broad place all night.’ |
And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant’s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night. |
He said, “Here, my lords, please turn aside to your servant’s house. Stay the night and wash your feet. Then you can be on your way early in the morning.” “No,” they replied, “we’ll spend the night in the town square.” |
| Genesis 19:2 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 19:2 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ εἶπεν ἰδού κύριοι ἐκκλίνατε εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ παιδὸς ὑμῶν καὶ καταλύσατε καὶ νίψασθε τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν καὶ ὀρθρίσαντες ἀπελεύσεσθε εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῶν εἶπαν δέ οὐχί ἀλλ᾽ ἐν τῇ πλατείᾳ καταλύσομεν |
καὶ εἶπεν· ἰδοὺ κύριοι, ἐκκλίνατε εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ παιδὸς ὑμῶν καὶ καταλύσατε καὶ νίψασθε τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν, καὶ ὀρθρίσαντες ἀπελεύσεσθε εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῶν. καὶ εἶπαν· οὐχί, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τῇ πλατείᾳ καταλύσομεν |
| Genesis 19:2 (NETS) |
Genesis 19:1b, 2 (English Elpenor) |
| and said, “Here, lords, turn aside to your servant’s house, and find lodging, and wash your feet, and when you have risen early you will depart on your way.” They, however, said, “No, but we will find lodging in the street.” |
and said, (2) Lo! [my] lords, turn aside to the house of your servant, and rest from your journey, and wash your feet, and having risen early in the morning ye shall depart on your journey. And they said, Nay, but we will lodge in the street. |
| Genesis 19:16 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19:16 (KJV) |
Genesis 19:16 (NET) |
| But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; HaShem being merciful unto him. And they brought him forth, and set him without the city. |
And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city. |
When Lot hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord had compassion on them. They led them away and placed them outside the city. |
| Genesis 19:16 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 19:16 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ ἐταράχθησαν καὶ ἐκράτησαν οἱ ἄγγελοι τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς χειρὸς τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν δύο θυγατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ φείσασθαι κύριον αὐτοῦ |
καὶ ἐταράχθησαν· καὶ ἐκράτησαν οἱ ἄγγελοι τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς χειρὸς τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν δύο θυγατέρων αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ φείσασθαι Κύριον αὐτοῦ |
| Genesis 19:16 (NETS) |
Genesis 19:16 (English Elpenor) |
| And they were confounded, and the angels seized his hand and his wife’s hand and his daughters’ hands, as the Lord spared him. |
And they were troubled, and the angels laid hold on his hand, and the hand of his wife, and the hands of his two daughters, in that the Lord spared him. |
| Genesis 19:17 (Tanakh) |
Genesis 19:17 (KJV) |
Genesis 19:17 (NET) |
| And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: ‘Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.’ |
And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed. |
When they had brought them outside, they said, “Run for your lives! Don’t look behind you or stop anywhere in the valley! Escape to the mountains or you will be destroyed!” |
| Genesis 19:17 (Septuagint BLB) |
Genesis 19:17 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ ἐγένετο ἡνίκα ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἔξω καὶ εἶπαν σῴζων σῷζε τὴν σεαυτοῦ ψυχήν μὴ περιβλέψῃς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ εἰς τὸ ὄρος σῴζου μήποτε συμπαραλημφθῇς |
καὶ ἐγένετο, ἡνίκα ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἔξω καὶ εἶπαν· σῴζων σῷζε τὴν σεαυτοῦ ψυχήν· μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ· εἰς τὸ ὄρος σῴζου, μήποτε συμπαραληφθῇς |
| Genesis 19:17 (NETS) |
Genesis 19:17 (English Elpenor) |
| And it came about when they had brought them outside, that then they said, “In saving, save your own soul; do not look around backwards or stop in the whole region round about; get safely to the mountain, that you not be included.” |
And it came to pass when they brought them out, that they said, Save thine own life by all means; look not round to that which is behind, nor stay in all the country round about, escape to the mountain, lest perhaps thou be overtaken together with them. |
[1] Two examples of יֱהֹוִה֙ (yehôvih) translated Κύριε cannot establish a meaningful pattern that יֱהֹוִה֙ (yehôvih) was not recognized as distinctly different from יְהֹוָ֨ה (yehôvâh) by the rabbis who translated the Old Testament, but neither do they invalidate that assumption.
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