This is a continuation of a consideration of the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew before Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah. The final clause of the first verse under consideration follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh) Table | Isaiah 53:10d (NET) | Isaiah 53:10d (NETS) |
Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English) |
| and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. | and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him. | And the Lord wishes to take away | the Lord also is pleased to take away from |
I have been considering negative examples,[1] as follows:
| Septuagint | |||
| Isaiah 20:2 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 20:2 (NET) | Isaiah 20:2 (NETS) |
Isaiah 20:2 (Elpenor English) |
| At the same time spake the LORD by (בְּיַד) Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. | At that time the Lord announced through (yad, ביד) [Note 2: “spoke by the hand of”] Isaiah son of Amoz: “Go, remove the sackcloth from your waist and take your sandals off your feet.” He did as instructed and walked around in undergarments and barefoot. | then the Lord spoke to (πρὸς) Esaias, saying, “Go, and take off the sackcloth from your loins, and untie your sandals off your feet,” and he did so, walking naked and barefoot. | then the Lord spoke to (πρὸς) Esaias the son of Amos, saying, Go and take the sackcloth off thy loins, and loose thy sandals from off thy feet, and do thus, going naked and barefoot. |
“By the hand of” Isaiah (yad, בְּיַד) in the Masoretic text is a self-conscious attribution of the literary source of the information passed through Isaiah. Whether that self-consciousness was original and then subsequently ignored by the Greek translators, or a product of rethinking and revising the text, is more difficult to say. I find myself arguing both ways with no clear advantage to either. The word בְּיַד (yad) does appear to be in the Isaiah scroll found among the Dead Sea scrolls.
Rashi’s commentary is of no particular help here. He engaged a more peripheral issue suited to medieval religious sensibilities,[2] asserting that וּפִתַּחְתָּ֚ (pāṯaḥ) meant you shall gird rather than and loose (Tanakh), remove (NET). The rabbis’ choice ἄφελε (an imperative form of ἀφαιρέω)—“to separate, deduct, subtract; to remove, cut off, smite off; to strip off; to shift positions of; to deduct in advance and set apart (from the rest)”—entertained no such confusion in the Septuagint.
I’ll chase this negative example with a positive example, if for no other reason than to remind myself what it’s like when the Masoretic text and Septuagint agree.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 22:21 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 22:21 (NET) | Isaiah 22:21 (NETS) |
Isaiah 22:21 (Elpenor English) |
| And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand (בְּיָד֑וֹ): and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. | I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him (yad, בידו) [Note 51: “in his hand”]. He will become a protector of the residents of Jerusalem and of the people of Judah. | and will clothe him with your robe and give him your crown, and I will give your power and office into his hands (εἰς τὰς χεῗρας αὐτοῦ), and he shall be as a father to those who dwell in Ierousalem and to those who dwell in Ioudas. | and I will put on him thy robe, and I will grant him thy crown with power, and I will give thy stewardship into his hands (εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ): and he shall be as a father to them that dwell in Jerusalem, and to them that dwell in Juda. |
The next negative example follows:
| Septuagint | |||
| Isaiah 25:10 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 25:10 (NET) | Isaiah 25:10 (NETS) |
Isaiah 25:10 (Elpenor English) |
| For in this mountain shall the hand (יַד) of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the dunghill. | For the Lord’s power (yad, יד) [Note 23: “for the hand of the Lord”] will make this mountain secure. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile. | because God will give (δώσει) us rest on this mountain, and Moabitis shall be trodden down as they tread a threshing floor with wagons. | God will give (δώσει) rest on this mountain, and the country of Moab shall be trodden down, as they tread the floor with waggons. |
Rashi understood “For the hand of the Lord shall rest:” as “The might of the Omnipresent.” It doesn’t seem to correspond to God will give rest (Elpenor) or God will give us rest (NETS). It causes me to question whether יַד (yad) was the Hebrew word the rabbis sought to translate or explain in the Septuagint, though יַד (yad) does occur in the Isaiah scroll of the Dead Sea scrolls.
The positive example is the very next verse.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 25:11 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 25:11 (NET) | Isaiah 25:11 (NETS) |
Isaiah 25:11 (Elpenor English) |
| And he shall spread forth his hands (יָדָיו֙) in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands (יָדָֽיו). | Moab will spread out its hands (yad, ידיו) in the middle of it, just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; the Lord will bring down Moab’s pride as it spreads its hands (yad, ידיו). | And he will send forth his hands (τὰς χεῗρας αὐτοῦ), as he himself brought him low to destroy him, and he will bring low his pride—things on which he laid his hands (τὰς χεῗρας). | And he shall spread forth his hands (τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ), even as he also brings down [man] to destroy [him]: and he shall bring low his pride [in regard to the thing] on which he has laid his hands (τὰς χεῖρας). |
Clearly, when hands occurred in the Hebrew text the rabbis had no particular aversion to translating them hands in the Septuagint. The next negative example follows.
| Septuagint | |||
| Isaiah 29:23 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 29:23 (NET) | Isaiah 29:23 (NETS) |
Isaiah 29:23 (Elpenor English) |
| But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands (יָדַ֛י), in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. | For when they see their children, whom I will produce (yad, ידי) [Note 48: “the work of my hands”] among them, they will honor my name. They will honor the Holy One of Jacob; they will respect the God of Israel. | But when their children see my works (τὰ ἔργα μου), because of me they will sanctify my name; they will sanctify the Holy One of Iakob and will fear the God of Israel. | But when their children shall have seen my works (τὰ ἔργα μου), they shall sanctify my name for my sake, and they sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. |
Though יָדַ֛י (yad) occurs in the Isaiah scroll of the Dead Sea scrolls, it seems likely to me that the Masoretes wanted the children to be the work of mine hands (יָדַ֛י) as a rejoinder to Jesus (John 8:44 NET Table):
You people are from your father the devil, and you want to do what your father desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not uphold the truth because there is no truth in him. Whenever he lies, he speaks according to his own nature because he is a liar and the father of lies.
This seems far more likely than the alternative idea that the rabbis found the children the work of mine hands (יָדַ֛י), dropped the word יָדַ֛י (yad) and made God’s works less specific. It is possible perhaps that the rabbis translated יָדַ֛י (yad) δι᾽ ἐμὲ, because of me (NETS), for my sake (English Elpenor). If that is the case, however, they didn’t understand יָדַ֛י (yad) here as of mine hands. Rashi clearly understood “For, when he sees his children: who will be the work of My hands, i.e., righteous men.”
A nearby positive example follows.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 31:3 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 31:3 (NET) | Isaiah 31:3 (NETS) |
Isaiah 31:3 (Elpenor English) |
| Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand (יָד֗וֹ), both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together. | The Egyptians are mere humans, not God; their horses are made of flesh, not spirit. The Lord will strike with his hand (yad, ידו); the one who helps will stumble and the one being helped will fall. Together they will perish. | an Egyptian, a man and not God—the flesh of horses, and there is no help. But the Lord will turn his hand (τὴν χεῗρα αὐτοῦ) against them, and those who help will grow weary, and they will all perish together. | [even] an Egyptian, a man, and not God; the flesh of horses, and there is no help [in them]: but the Lord shall bring his hand (τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ) upon them, and the helpers shall fail, and all shall perish together. |
The next negative example follows:
| Septuagint | |||
| Isaiah 47:14 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 47:14 (NET) | Isaiah 47:14 (NETS) |
Isaiah 47:14 (Elpenor English) |
| Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power (מִיַּ֣ד) of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. | Look, they are like straw that the fire burns up; they cannot rescue themselves from the heat (yad, מיד) [Note 34: “hand”] of the flames. There are no coals to warm them, no firelight to enjoy. | See, they all will be burned like brushwood on a fire, and they will not deliver their soul from the flame (ἐκ φλογός); since you have coals of fire, sit on them— | Behold, they all shall be burnt up as sticks in the fire; neither shall they at all deliver their life from the flame (ἐκ φλογός). Because thou hast coals of fire, sit thou upon them; |
The word מִיַּ֣ד is found in the Isaiah scroll of the Dead Sea scrolls. It seems possible that the rabbis thought φλογός (a form of φλόξ) understood as a “blade (of fire)” was one Greek word to account for “hand” (מִיַּ֣ד) of the flame (לֶֽהָבָ֑ה).
The positive example follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 48:13 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 48:13 (NET) | Isaiah 48:13 (NETS) |
Isaiah 48:13 (Elpenor English) |
| Mine hand (יָדִי֙) also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand (וִֽימִינִ֖י) hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand up together. | Yes, my hand (yad, ידי) founded the earth; my right hand (yāmîn, וימיני) spread out the sky. I summon them; they stand together. | And my hand (ἡ χείρ μου) laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand (ἡ δεξιά μου) bolstered heaven; I will call them, and they will stand together. | My hand (ἡ χείρ μου) also has founded the earth, and my right hand (ἡ δεξιά μου) has fixed the sky: I will call them, and they shall stand together. |
The final negative example I’ll consider in this essay follows:
| Septuagint | |||
| Isaiah 50:11 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 50:11 (NET) | Isaiah 50:11 (NETS) |
Isaiah 50:11 (Elpenor English) |
| Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand (מִיָּדִי֙); ye shall lie down in sorrow. | Look, all of you who start a fire and who equip yourselves with flaming arrows, walk in the light of the fire you started and among the flaming arrows you ignited! This is what you will receive from me (yad, מידי): You will lie down in a place of pain. | Look, all of you, kindle a fire, and make a flame stronger. Walk by the light of your fire and by the flame you have kindled. Because of me (δι᾽ ἐμὲ), these things came upon you; you shall lie down in sorrow. | Behold, ye all kindle a fire, and feed a flame: walk in the light of your fire, and in the flame which ye have kindled. This has happened to you for my sake (δι᾿ ἐμὲ); ye shall lie down in sorrow. |
It seems possible that δι᾿ ἐμὲ was the Rabbis’ Greek translation of מִיָּדִי֙. It just didn’t quite register as of mine hand, as Rashi understood it: “from My hand: shall this retribution come to you.” Because of me (NETS) sounds quite close, while for my sake (English Elpenor) strays farther afield to my ear. The word מִיָּדִי֙ does occur in the Isaiah scroll of the Dead Sea scrolls.
The final positive example for this essay follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 50:2 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 50:2 (NET) | Isaiah 50:2 (NETS) |
Isaiah 50:2 (Elpenor English) |
| Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was there none to answer? Is my hand (יָדִי֙) shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because there is no water, and dieth for thirst. | Why does no one challenge me when I come? Why does no one respond when I call? Is my hand (yad, ידי) too weak to deliver you? Do I lack the power to rescue you? Look, with a mere shout I can dry up the sea; I can turn streams into a desert, so the fish rot away and die from lack of water. | Why was it that I came and no man was there? I called, and there was none to answer? Is not my hand (ἡ χείρ μου) strong to deliver? Or am I not strong to rescue? Look, by my threat I will make the sea desolate, and the rivers I will make deserts, and their fish shall be dried up because there is no water, and they will die by thirst. | Why did I come, and there was no man? [why] did I call, and there was none to hearken? Is not my hand (ἡ χείρ μου) strong to redeem? or can I not deliver? behold, by my rebuke I will dry up the sea, and make rivers a wilderness; and their fish shall be dried up because there is no water, and shall die for thirst. |
I’ll continue with more of these negative and positive examples in another essay.
Tables comparing Isaiah 20:2; 22:21; 25:10; 25:11; 29:23; 31:3; 47:14; 48:13; 50:11 and 50:2 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing Isaiah 20:2; 22:21; 25:10; 25:11; 29:23; 31:3; 47:14; 48:13; 50:11 and 50:2 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.
| Isaiah 20:2 (KJV) | ||
| At the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. | At the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. | At that time the Lord announced through Isaiah son of Amoz: “Go, remove the sackcloth from your waist and take your sandals off your feet.” He did as instructed and walked around in undergarments and barefoot. |
| τότε ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ησαιαν λέγων πορεύου καὶ ἄφελε τὸν σάκκον ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος σου καὶ τὰ σανδάλιά σου ὑπόλυσαι ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν σου καὶ ἐποίησεν οὕτως πορευόμενος γυμνὸς καὶ ἀνυπόδετος | τότε ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς ᾿Ησαΐαν υἱὸν ᾿Αμὼς λέγων· πορεύου καὶ ἄφελε τὸν σάκκον ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος σου καὶ τὰ σανδάλιά σου ὑπόλυσαι ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν σου· καὶ ποίησον οὕτως πορευόμενος γυμνὸς καὶ ἀνυπόδετος |
| then the Lord spoke to Esaias, saying, “Go, and take off the sackcloth from your loins, and untie your sandals off your feet,” and he did so, walking naked and barefoot. | then the Lord spoke to Esaias the son of Amos, saying, Go and take the sackcloth off thy loins, and loose thy sandals from off thy feet, and do thus, going naked and barefoot. |
| Isaiah 22:21 (KJV) | ||
| And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. | And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. | I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him. He will become a protector of the residents of Jerusalem and of the people of Judah. |
| καὶ ἐνδύσω αὐτὸν τὴν στολήν σου καὶ τὸν στέφανόν σου δώσω αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ κράτος καὶ τὴν οἰκονομίαν σου δώσω εἰς τὰς χεῗρας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται ὡς πατὴρ τοῗς ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ τοῗς ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐν Ιουδα | καὶ ἐνδύσω αὐτὸν τὴν στολήν σου καὶ τὸν στέφανόν σου δώσω αὐτῷ καὶ κράτος καὶ τὴν οἰκονομίαν σου δώσω εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσται ὡς πατὴρ τοῖς ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ καὶ τοῖς ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐν ᾿Ιούδᾳ |
| and will clothe him with your robe and give him your crown, and I will give your power and office into his hands, and he shall be as a father to those who dwell in Ierousalem and to those who dwell in Ioudas. | and I will put on him thy robe, and I will grant him thy crown with power, and I will give thy stewardship into his hands: and he shall be as a father to them that dwell in Jerusalem, and to them that dwell in Juda. |
| Isaiah 25:10 (KJV) | ||
| For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the dunghill. | For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the dunghill. | For the Lord’s power will make this mountain secure. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile. |
| ὅτι ἀνάπαυσιν δώσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο καὶ καταπατηθήσεται ἡ Μωαβῗτις ὃν τρόπον πατοῦσιν ἅλωνα ἐν ἁμάξαις | ὅτι ἀνάπαυσιν δώσει ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο, καὶ καταπατηθήσεται ἡ Μωαβῖτις, ὃν τρόπον πατοῦσιν ἅλωνα ἐν ἁμάξαις |
| because God will give us rest on this mountain, and Moabitis shall be trodden down as they tread a threshing floor with wagons. | God will give rest on this mountain, and the country of Moab shall be trodden down, as they tread the floor with waggons. |
| Isaiah 25:11 (KJV) | ||
| And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands. | And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands. | Moab will spread out its hands in the middle of it, just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; the Lord will bring down Moab’s pride as it spreads its hands. |
| καὶ ἀνήσει τὰς χεῗρας αὐτοῦ ὃν τρόπον καὶ αὐτὸς ἐταπείνωσεν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι καὶ ταπεινώσει τὴν ὕβριν αὐτοῦ ἐφ᾽ ἃ τὰς χεῗρας ἐπέβαλεν | καὶ ἀνήσει τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, ὃν τρόπον καὶ αὐτὸς ἐταπείνωσε τοῦ ἀπολέσαι, καὶ ταπεινώσει τὴν ὕβριν αὐτοῦ, ἐφ᾿ ἃ τὰς χεῖρας ἐπέβαλε |
| And he will send forth his hands, as he himself brought him low to destroy him, and he will bring low his pride—things on which he laid his hands. | And he shall spread forth his hands, even as he also brings down [man] to destroy [him]: and he shall bring low his pride [in regard to the thing] on which he has laid his hands. |
| Isaiah 29:23 (KJV) | ||
| But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands, in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. | But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands, in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. | For when they see their children, whom I will produce among them, they will honor my name. They will honor the Holy One of Jacob; they will respect the God of Israel. |
| ἀλλ᾽ ὅταν ἴδωσιν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα μου δι᾽ ἐμὲ ἁγιάσουσιν τὸ ὄνομά μου καὶ ἁγιάσουσιν τὸν ἅγιον Ιακωβ καὶ τὸν θεὸν τοῦ Ισραηλ φοβηθήσονται | ἀλλ᾿ ὅταν ἴδωσι τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα μου, δι᾿ ἐμὲ ἁγιάσουσιν τὸ ὄνομά μου καὶ ἁγιάσουσιν τὸν ἅγιον ᾿Ιακὼβ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν τοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ φοβηθήσονται |
| But when their children see my works, because of me they will sanctify my name; they will sanctify the Holy One of Iakob and will fear the God of Israel. | But when their children shall have seen my works, they shall sanctify my name for my sake, and they sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. |
| Isaiah 31:3 (KJV) | ||
| Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together. | Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together. | The Egyptians are mere humans, not God; their horses are made of flesh, not spirit. The Lord will strike with his hand; the one who helps will stumble and the one being helped will fall. Together they will perish. |
| Αἰγύπτιον ἄνθρωπον καὶ οὐ θεόν ἵππων σάρκας καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν βοήθεια ὁ δὲ κύριος ἐπάξει τὴν χεῗρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς καὶ κοπιάσουσιν οἱ βοηθοῦντες καὶ ἅμα πάντες ἀπολοῦνται | Αἰγύπτιον ἄνθρωπον καὶ οὐ Θεόν, ἵππων σάρκας καὶ οὐκ ἔστι βοήθεια· ὁ δὲ Κύριος ἐπάξει τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς, καὶ κοπιάσουσιν οἱ βοηθοῦντες, καὶ ἅμα πάντες ἀπολοῦνται |
| an Egyptian, a man and not God—the flesh of horses, and there is no help. But the Lord will turn his hand against them, and those who help will grow weary, and they will all perish together. | [even] an Egyptian, a man, and not God; the flesh of horses, and there is no help [in them]: but the Lord shall bring his hand upon them, and the helpers shall fail, and all shall perish together. |
| Isaiah 47:14 (KJV) | ||
| Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. | Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. | Look, they are like straw that the fire burns up; they cannot rescue themselves from the heat of the flames. There are no coals to warm them, no firelight to enjoy. |
| ἰδοὺ πάντες ὡς φρύγανα ἐπὶ πυρὶ κατακαήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξέλωνται τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν ἐκ φλογός ὅτι ἔχεις ἄνθρακας πυρός κάθισαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς | ἰδοὺ πάντες ὡς φρύγανα ἐπὶ πυρὶ κατακαυθήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξέλωνται τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν ἐκ φλογός· ὅτι ἔχεις ἄνθρακας πυρός, κάθισαι ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς |
| See, they all will be burned like brushwood on a fire, and they will not deliver their soul from the flame; since you have coals of fire, sit on them— | Behold, they all shall be burnt up as sticks in the fire; neither shall they at all deliver their life from the flame. Because thou hast coals of fire, sit thou upon them; |
| Isaiah 48:13 (KJV) | ||
| Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand up together. | Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand up together. | Yes, my hand founded the earth; my right hand spread out the sky. I summon them; they stand together. |
| καὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐθεμελίωσεν τὴν γῆν καὶ ἡ δεξιά μου ἐστερέωσεν τὸν οὐρανόν καλέσω αὐτούς καὶ στήσονται ἅμα | καὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐθεμελίωσε τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἡ δεξιά μου ἐστερέωσε τὸν οὐρανόν. καλέσω αὐτούς, καὶ στήσονται ἅμα |
| And my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand bolstered heaven; I will call them, and they will stand together. | My hand also has founded the earth, and my right hand has fixed the sky: I will call them, and they shall stand together. |
| Isaiah 50:11 (KJV) | ||
| Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow. | Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow. | Look, all of you who start a fire and who equip yourselves with flaming arrows, walk in the light of the fire you started and among the flaming arrows you ignited! This is what you will receive from me: You will lie down in a place of pain. |
| ἰδοὺ πάντες ὑμεῗς πῦρ καίετε καὶ κατισχύετε φλόγα πορεύεσθε τῷ φωτὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ὑμῶν καὶ τῇ φλογί ᾗ ἐξεκαύσατε δι᾽ ἐμὲ ἐγένετο ταῦτα ὑμῗν ἐν λύπῃ κοιμηθήσεσθε | ἰδοὺ πάντες ὑμεῖς πῦρ καίετε καὶ κατισχύετε φλόγα· πορεύεσθε τῷ φωτὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ὑμῶν καὶ τῇ φλογί, ᾗ ἐξεκαύσατε· δι᾿ ἐμὲ ἐγένετο ταῦτα ὑμῖν, ἐν λύπῃ κοιμηθήσεσθε. |
| Look, all of you, kindle a fire, and make a flame stronger. Walk by the light of your fire and by the flame you have kindled. Because of me, these things came upon you; you shall lie down in sorrow. | Behold, ye all kindle a fire, and feed a flame: walk in the light of your fire, and in the flame which ye have kindled. This has happened to you for my sake; ye shall lie down in sorrow. |
| Isaiah 50:2 (KJV) | ||
| Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was there none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because there is no water, and dieth for thirst. | Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was there none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because there is no water, and dieth for thirst. | Why does no one challenge me when I come? Why does no one respond when I call? Is my hand too weak to deliver you? Do I lack the power to rescue you? Look, with a mere shout I can dry up the sea; I can turn streams into a desert, so the fish rot away and die from lack of water. |
| τί ὅτι ἦλθον καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκάλεσα καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ὑπακούων μὴ οὐκ ἰσχύει ἡ χείρ μου τοῦ ῥύσασθαι ἢ οὐκ ἰσχύω τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι ἰδοὺ τῇ ἀπειλῇ μου ἐξερημώσω τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ θήσω ποταμοὺς ἐρήμους καὶ ξηρανθήσονται οἱ ἰχθύες αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ὕδωρ καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν δίψει | τί ὅτι ἦλθον καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος; ἐκάλεσα καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ὑπακούων; μὴ οὐκ ἰσχύει ἡ χείρ μου τοῦ ῥύσασθαι ἢ οὐκ ἰσχύω τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι; ἰδοὺ τῇ ἀπειλῇ μου ἐξερημώσω τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ θήσω ποταμοὺς ἐρήμους, καὶ ξηρανθήσονται οἱ ἰχθύες αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ὕδωρ καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν δίψει |
| Why was it that I came and no man was there? I called, and there was none to answer? Is not my hand strong to deliver? Or am I not strong to rescue? Look, by my threat I will make the sea desolate, and the rivers I will make deserts, and their fish shall be dried up because there is no water, and they will die by thirst. | Why did I come, and there was no man? [why] did I call, and there was none to hearken? Is not my hand strong to redeem? or can I not deliver? behold, by my rebuke I will dry up the sea, and make rivers a wilderness; and their fish shall be dried up because there is no water, and shall die for thirst. |
[1] Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 3; Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 4
[2] “Medieval Censorship, Nudity And The Revealing History Of The Fig Leaf;” The Nude: Survey In Western Culture, Eastern And Western Attitudes Toward “nudity”, The Conundrum Of Non-western Culture And The Idea Of “the Nude”; “When public sex was a part of bathtime”
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