Romans, Part 43

Posted on May 2, 2013 by admin

So I ask, Paul began the eleventh chapter of Romans, God has not rejected his people, has he?¹ referring to his fellow countrymen.² In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, he concluded finally, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers. For the gifts (χαρίσματα, a form of χάρισμα) and the call (κλῆσις) of God are irrevocable (ἀμεταμέλητα, a form of ἀμεταμέλητος).³ Just as you were formerly disobedient (ἠπειθήσατε, a form of ἀπειθέω) to God, but have now received mercy (ἠλεήθητε, a form of ἐλεέω) due to their disobedience (ἀπειθείᾳ, a form of ἀπείθεια), so they too have now been disobedient (ἠπείθησαν, another form of ἀπειθέω) in order that, by the mercy (ἐλέει, a form of ἔλεος) shown to you, they too may now receive mercy [Table] (ἐλεηθῶσιν, another form of ἐλεέω). For God has consigned (συνέκλεισεν, a form of συγκλείω) all people to disobedience (ἀπείθειαν, another form of ἀπείθεια) so that he may show mercy (ἐλεήσῃ, another form of ἐλεέω) to them all.⁴

A note in the NET acknowledged that them “has been supplied for stylistic reasons.” The original Greek reads simply, “to all.” I don’t want to get involved in a “universal salvation” argument. It seems to go nowhere. After throwing Scripture around and philosophical opinions about free will the argument devolves into something like, “Well, I could never believe in a god who sent (or, would not send) anyone to hell.” I know I will trust Him as long as He pours his faithfulness (πίστις) into me through his Spirit,⁵ whether He sends or does not send people to hell or not. I do want to consider some of the things about God’s mercy that Paul outlined in Romans 9-11 in a table below.

What Jesus’ obedience, death and resurrection means to his Father, according to Paul

OLD TESTAMENT

Jesus’ obedience, death and resurrection

NEW TESTAMENT

For [God] says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”

Romans 9:15 (NET) Table Quotation Table

Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience, so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy.

Romans 11:30, 31 (NET) Table

God has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden.

Romans 9:18 (NET)

So then, it does not depend on human desire or exertion, but on God who shows mercy.

Romans 9:16 (NET) Table

For God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to…all.

Romans 11:32 (NET)

It may be arbitrary on my part to place—God has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden—exclusively under the Old Covenant, if that is seen as a limit to God’s choosing. My point is simply its logical relationship to I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion. Paul’s conclusion—So then, it does not depend on human desire or exertion, but on God who shows mercy—serves then as the logical and justificatory bridge to his New Covenant argument concluding that, God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to…all.

The word translated consigned is συνέκλεισεν (a form of συγκλείω) in Greek. Paul used it again when he wrote the Galatians, the scripture imprisoned (συνέκλεισεν) everything and everyone under sin so that the promise could be given – because of the faithfulness of Jesus Christ – to those who believe.⁶ Another form of the same word is found in Luke’s account of the calling of Peter, James and John: When they had done this [e.g., obeyed Jesus by lowering their nets where he instructed them to lower them], they caught (συνέκλεισαν, another form of συγκλείω) so many fish that their nets⁷ started to tear.⁸ It is an interesting image, all of us, all humanity, caught in his net. For God has consigned all people to disobedience…⁹ Like fearful fish we flail frantically to escape from the One who whispers, Stop your striving and recognize that I am God.¹⁰ For God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to them all.¹¹

I also want to consider the Old Testament precedent for Paul’s reasoning in Romans 11:30 and 31: The word of the Lord came to me, Ezekiel the prophet wrote. “Son of man, confront Jerusalem with her abominable practices…”¹²

Your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite [Table]. Your older sister was Samaria, who lived north of you with her daughters, and your younger sister, who lived south of you, was Sodom with her daughters [Table]. Have you not copied their behavior and practiced their abominable deeds? In a short time you became even more depraved in all your conduct than they were [Table]! As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, your sister Sodom and her daughters never behaved as wickedly as you and your daughters have behaved [Table].¹³

You have made your sisters appear righteous with all the abominable things you have done [Table], the Lord continued. So now, bear your disgrace, because you have given your sisters reason to justify their behavior. Because the sins you have committed were more abominable than those of your sisters; they have become more righteous than you [Table].¹⁴ I will restore their fortunes, the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters, and the fortunes of Samaria and her daughters [Table]…¹⁵

Like Samaria or Sodom, Paul wrote Gentile believers, that senseless nation¹⁶ chosen for salvation, Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to [Israel’s] disobedience,¹⁷ because, by [Israel’s] transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel jealous.¹⁸ The fortunes of Sodom and her daughters, and the fortunes of Samaria and her daughters will be restored (along with your [Jerusalem’s] fortunes among them) [Table], so that you may bear your disgrace and be ashamed of all you have done in consoling them [Table]. As for your sisters, Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former status, Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former status, and you and your daughters will be restored to your former status [Table].¹⁹

So, Paul continued, they [Israel] too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy.²⁰ I will deal with you according to what you have done when you despised your oath by breaking your covenant, the Lord said to Jerusalem through Ezekiel. Yet I will remember the covenant I made with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish a lasting covenant with you.²¹ I will establish my covenant with you, the Lord continued, and then you will know that I am the Lord. Then you will remember, be ashamed, and remain silent when I make atonement for all you have done, declares the sovereign Lord.²²

Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! Paul continued. How unsearchable are his judgments and how fathomless his ways! For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor? Or who has first given to God, that God needs to repay him? For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever! Amen.²³

It causes me to wonder. I assume that all in—he may show mercy to…all²⁴—refers to human beings, those born of Adam. But if senseless Gentiles, chosen for salvation to make Israel jealous, reject the righteousness that comes by way of Christ’s faithfulness – a righteousness from God that is in fact based on Christ’s faithfulness to pursue their own righteousness derived²⁵ from a select subset of the law and their own religious rules, will that open Christ’s salvation to demons and fallen angels? Will senseless Gentiles be resurrected to bear [their] disgrace and be ashamed of all [they] have done in consoling demons and fallen angels? Will the administration of the fullness of the times, to head up all things in Christ really mean all things? – the things in heaven as well as the things on earth²⁶?

Addendum: March 25, 2026
Tables comparing Ezekiel 16:1; 16:2; 16:59; 16:60; 16:62 and 16:63 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Ezekiel 16:1; 16:2; 16:59; 16:60; 16:62 and 16:63 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing Luke 5:6 in the KJV and NET follow.

Ezekiel 16:1 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:1 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:1 (NET)
Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,	Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,	The Lord’s message came to me:

Ezekiel 16:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων	ΚΑΙ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρός με λέγων
Ezekiel 16:1 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:1 (English Elpenor)
And a word of the Lord came to me, saying:	Moreover the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Ezekiel 16:2 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:2 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:2 (NET)
Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,	Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,	“Son of man, confront Jerusalem with her abominable practices

Ezekiel 16:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου διαμάρτυραι τῇ Ιερουσαλημ τὰς ἀνομίας αὐτῆς	υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, διαμάρτυραι τῇ ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ τὰς ἀνομίας αὐτῆς
Ezekiel 16:2 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:2 (English Elpenor)
Son of man, testify to Ierousalem about her lawless acts,	Son of man, testify to Jerusalem [of] her iniquities;

Ezekiel 16:59 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:59 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:59 (NET)
For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant.	For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant.	“‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will deal with you according to what you have done when you despised your oath by breaking your covenant.

Ezekiel 16:59 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:59 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τάδε λέγει κύριος καὶ ποιήσω ἐν σοὶ καθὼς ἐποίησας ὡς ἠτίμωσας ταῦτα τοῦ παραβῆναι τὴν διαθήκην μου	τάδε λέγει Κύριος· καὶ ποιήσω ἐν σοὶ καθὼς ἐποίησας, ὡς ἠτίμωσας ταῦτα τοῦ παραβῆναι τὴν διαθήκην μου
Ezekiel 16:59 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:59 (English Elpenor)
This is what the Lord says: And I will deal with you just as you have done, as you have dishonored these things so as to transgress my covenant.	Thus saith the Lord; I will even do to thee as thou hast done, as thou hast dealt shamefully in these things to transgress my covenant.

Ezekiel 16:60 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:60 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:60 (NET)
Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth, and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant.	Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth, and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant.	Yet I will remember the covenant I made with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish a lasting covenant with you.

Ezekiel 16:60 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:60 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ μνησθήσομαι ἐγὼ τῆς διαθήκης μου τῆς μετὰ σοῦ ἐν ἡμέραις νηπιότητός σου καὶ ἀναστήσω σοι διαθήκην αἰώνιον	καὶ μνησθήσομαι ἐγὼ τῆς διαθήκης μου τῆς μετὰ σοῦ ἐν ἡμέραις νηπιότητός σου καὶ ἀναστήσω σοι διαθήκην αἰώνιον
Ezekiel 16:60 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:60 (English Elpenor)
And I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your childhood, and I will establish with you an everlasting covenant.	And I will remember my covenant [made] with thee in the days of thine infancy, and I will establish to thee an everlasting covenant.

Ezekiel 16:62 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:62 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:62 (NET)
And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD:	And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD:	I will establish my covenant with you, and then you will know that I am the Lord.

Ezekiel 16:62 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:62 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀναστήσω ἐγὼ τὴν διαθήκην μου μετὰ σοῦ καὶ ἐπιγνώσῃ ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος	καὶ ἀναστήσω ἐγὼ τὴν διαθήκην μου μετὰ σοῦ, καὶ ἐπιγνώσῃ ὅτι ἐγὼ Κύριος
Ezekiel 16:62 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:62 (English Elpenor)
And I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall recognize that I am the Lord	And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord:

Ezekiel 16:63 (Tanakh)	Ezekiel 16:63 (KJV)	Ezekiel 16:63 (NET)
That thou mayest remember, and be confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord GOD.	That thou mayest remember, and be confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord GOD.	Then you will remember, be ashamed, and remain silent because of your disgrace when I make atonement for all you have done, declares the Sovereign Lord.’”

Ezekiel 16:63 (Septuagint BLB)	Ezekiel 16:63 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅπως μνησθῇς καὶ αἰσχυνθῇς καὶ μὴ ᾖ σοι ἔτι ἀνοῖξαι τὸ στόμα σου ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς ἀτιμίας σου ἐν τῷ ἐξιλάσκεσθαί μέ σοι κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησας λέγει κύριος	ὅπως μνησθῇς καὶ αἰσχυνθῆς, καὶ μὴ ᾖ σοι ἔτι ἀνοῖξαι τὸ στόμα σου ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς ἀτιμίας σου ἐν τῷ ἐξιλάσκεσθαί μέ σοι κατὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἐποίησας, λέγει Κύριος
Ezekiel 16:63 (NETS)	Ezekiel 16:63 (English Elpenor)
in order that you shall remember and be ashamed and it be impossible for you any longer to open your mouth from before your dishonor, when I am appeased with you for everything that you have done, says the Lord.	that thou mayest remember, and be ashamed, and mayest no more be able to open thy mouth for thy shame, when I am reconciled to thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord.

Luke 5:6 (NET)	Luke 5:6 (KJV)
When they had done this, they caught so many fish that their nets started to tear.	And when they had this done, they inclosed a great multitude of fishes: and their net brake.

Luke 5:6 (NET Parallel Greek)	Luke 5:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Luke 5:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσαντες συνέκλεισαν πλῆθος ἰχθύων πολύ, διερρήσσετο δὲ τὰ δίκτυα αὐτῶν	και τουτο ποιησαντες συνεκλεισαν ιχθυων πληθος πολυ διερρηγνυτο δε το δικτυον αυτων	και τουτο ποιησαντες συνεκλεισαν πληθος ιχθυων πολυ διερρηγνυτο δε το δικτυον αυτων

Romans, Part 44

Saving Demons, Part 1

Back to Son of God – 1 John, Part 1

Back to Fear – Exodus, Part 4

Back to Fear – Exodus, Part 6

Saving Demons, Part 2

Back to Condemnation or Judgment? – Part 2

Back to Romans, Part 49

Back to Condemnation or Judgment? – Part 52

Back to Sexual Immorality Revisited, Part 2

Back to Fear – Deuteronomy, Part 6

Back to A Monotonous Cycle Revisited, Part 2

Back to Who Am I? Part 16

¹ Romans 11:1a (NET)

² Romans 9:3 (NET) Table

³ Romans 11:28, 29 (NET)

⁴ Romans 11:30-32 (NET)

⁵ Galatians 5:22, 23 (NET)

⁶ Galatians 3:22 (NET)

⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had the plural τὰ δίκτυα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the singular το δικτυον (KJV: net).

⁸ Luke 5:6 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had διερρήσσετο here, a form of διαρρήγνυμι, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had διερρηγνυτο (KJV: brake). These seem to be alternate spellings of the same part of speech.

⁹ Romans 11:32a (NET)

¹⁰ Psalm 46:10a (NET) Table

¹¹ Romans 11:32 (NET)

¹² Ezekiel 16:1, 2 (NET)

¹³ Ezekiel 16:45b-48 (NET)

¹⁴ Ezekiel 16:51b, 52a (NET)

¹⁵ Ezekiel 16:53a (NET)

¹⁶ Romans 10:19 (NET) Table Quotation Table

¹⁷ Romans 11:30 (NET) Table

¹⁸ Romans 11:11b (NET)

¹⁹ Ezekiel 16:53-55 (NET)

²⁰ Romans 11:31 (NET) Table

²¹ Ezekiel 16:59, 60 (NET)

²² Ezekiel 16:62, 63 (NET)

²³ Romans 11:33-36 (NET)

²⁴ Romans 11:32b (NET)

²⁵ Philippians 3:9 (NET)

²⁶ Ephesians 1:10 (NET) Table

Romans, Part 42

Posted on April 17, 2013 by admin

For I do not want you to be ignorant (ἀγνοεῖν, a form of ἀγνοέω) of this mystery (μυστήριον), brothers and sisters, Paul continued, so that you may not be conceited (φρόνιμοι, a form of φρόνιμος; [παρ᾿] ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι)…¹ The Greek word ἀγνοεῖν, translated ignorant above, was translated unaware in Paul’s revelation of that affliction which was so integral a part of, if not the impetus for, the understanding that became his letter to the Romans: For we do not want you to be unaware (ἀγνοεῖν, a form of ἀγνοέω), brothers and sisters, regarding the affliction that happened to us in the province of Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of living [Table]. Indeed we felt as if the sentence of death had been passed against us, so that we would not trust (πεποιθότες, a form of πείθω) in ourselves but in God who raises the dead.²

The word πεποιθότες, translated trust above, leads back to Paul’s point in Romans (as articulated in his letter to Philippi): Beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of those who mutilate the flesh! For we are the circumcision, the ones who worship by the Spirit of God, exult in Christ Jesus, and do not rely (πεποιθότες, a form of πείθω) on human credentials (σαρκὶ, a form of σάρξ)…³ To translate σαρκὶ as human credentials obscures more than it illuminates.

The note (6) in the NET admits that the Greek reads, “have no confidence in the flesh” as it is translated in the NKJV. Still, it seems to me that the most natural reading of καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες would be “and not by flesh persuaded” or “and not by persuasion of flesh.” Paul was not concerned with human credentials, nor even an idolatry of self-worship, a confidence in the flesh, so much as the delusion of human flesh that righteousness comes by human efforts to keep God’s laws.

If someone thinks he has good reasons to put confidence (πεποιθέναι, another form of πείθω) in human credentials (σαρκὶ, a form of σάρξ), Paul continued, I have more: I was circumcised on the eighth day, from the people of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews. I lived according to the law as a Pharisee. In my zeal for God I persecuted the church. According to the righteousness stipulated in the law I was blameless [Table]. But these assets I have come to regard as liabilities because of Christ [Table]. More than that, I now regard all things as liabilities compared to the far greater value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things – indeed, I regard them as dung! – that I may gain Christ [Table], and be found in him, not because I have my own righteousness derived from the law, but because I have the righteousness that comes by way of Christ’s faithfulness – a righteousness from God that is in fact based on Christ’s faithfulness.⁴

For I do not want you to be ignorant (ἀγνοεῖν, a form of ἀγνοέω) of this mystery (μυστήριον), brothers and sisters, Paul wrote in Romans. Paul’s mystery (μυστήριον) was Jesus’ secret when He told his disciples, The secret (μυστήριον) of the kingdom of God has been given⁵ to you. But to those outside, everything is in parables [Table], so that although they look they may look but not see, and although they hear they may hear but not understand, so they may not repent and be forgiven” [Table].⁶

Israel failed to obtain what it was diligently seeking, Paul had written earlier, but the elect obtained it. The rest were hardened [Table], as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, to this very day.”⁷

And Jesus was actively involved in fulfilling His Father’s will.

Blessed is the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realms in Christ [Table]. For he chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world that we may be holy and unblemished in his sight in love. He did this by predestining us to adoption as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the pleasure of his will – to the praise of the glory of his grace that he has freely bestowed on us in his dearly loved Son [Table]. In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace [Table] that he lavished on us in all wisdom and insight. He did this when he revealed to us the secret (μυστήριον) of his will, according to his good pleasure that he set forth in Christ, toward the administration of the fullness of the times, to head up all things in Christ – the things in heaven and the things on earth. In Christ we too have been claimed as God’s own possession, since we were predestined according to the one purpose of him who accomplishes all things according to the counsel of his will so that we, who were the first to set our hope on Christ, would be to the praise of his glory [Table]. And when you heard the word of truth (the gospel of your salvation) – when you believed in Christ – you were marked with the seal of the promised Holy Spirit, who is the down payment of our inheritance, until the redemption of God’s own possession, to the praise of his glory [Table].⁸

For I do not want you to be ignorant (ἀγνοεῖν, a form of ἀγνοέω) of this mystery (μυστήριον), brothers and sisters, Paul wrote, so that you may not be conceited (φρόνιμοι, a form of φρόνιμος; [παρ᾿] ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι). The idiom παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι translated conceited is literally from or by themselves wise. It is similar to ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτοῖς (literally so that not be persuaded to be or to exist upon ourselves) from: Indeed we felt as if the sentence of death had been passed against us, so that we would not trust (πεποιθότες, a form of πείθω) in ourselves but in God who raises the dead.⁹ Later in Romans Paul wrote, Live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty but associate with the lowly. Do not be conceited (φρόνιμοι παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῖς). Do not repay anyone evil for evil; consider what is good before all people.¹⁰

Paul had tended to use φρόνιμοι (a form of φρόνιμος; wise) in this form in a sarcastic or even mocking manner: We are fools for Christ, but you are wise (φρόνιμοι) in Christ! We are weak, but you are strong! You are distinguished, we are dishonored!¹¹ And, For since you are so wise (φρόνιμοι), you put up with fools gladly.¹² Paul didn’t want us to be wise from or by ourselves any more than he wanted us to be persuaded to be or to exist upon ourselves. And so what was this mystery or secret Paul didn’t want us to be ignorant or unaware of?

A partial hardening has happened to Israel until the full (πλήρωμα) number of the Gentiles has come in (εἰσέλθῃ, a form of εἰσέρχομαι) [Table]. And so all Israel will be saved [Table]…¹³ Did Paul mean all Israel as in all who are descended from Israel? Or did he rename all descended from Israel who believe and all Gentiles who believe all Israel?

For not all those who are descended from Israel are truly Israel, Paul wrote earlier, nor are all the children Abraham’s true descendants; rather “through Isaac will your descendants be counted.”¹⁴ This seemed like a strong argument that all Israel cannot mean “all who are descended from Israel,” until I put the verse back in context. This means, Paul continued, it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God; rather, the children of promise are counted as descendants.¹⁵

So what promise did Paul have in mind when he wrote, And so all Israel will be saved (Romans 11:26, 27 NET)?

And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: “The Deliverer will come out of Zion; he will remove ungodliness from Jacob [Table]. And this is my covenant with them, when I take away their sins.”

The Deliverer will remove ungodliness (ἀσεβείας, a form of ἀσέβεια) from Jacob. This ungodliness brought God’s wrath in the first place: For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness (ἀσέβειαν, another form of ἀσέβεια) and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth by their unrighteousness…¹⁶ Today the quotation from Isaiah reads, A protector comes to Zion, to those in Jacob who repent of their rebellious deeds,¹⁷ when translated from a contemporary understanding of Hebrew. But the rabbis who translated the Septuagint into Greek about two centuries before the Lord Jesus was rejected as Messiah translated it this way:

Paul

Blue Letter Bible (Septuagint)

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

…he will remove ungodliness from Jacob.

Romans 11:26b (NET)

ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ιακωβ

Isaiah 59:20b

ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ

Romans 11:26b

The phrase when I take away their sins is not part of the quotation from Isaiah 59:20, 21. I think Paul interjected it to cue us as to which covenant he had in mind, namely, the new covenant (Jeremiah 31:33-35 NET).

“But I will make a new covenant with the whole nation of Israel after I plant them back in the land,” says the Lord. “I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts and minds. I will be their God and they will be my people [Table]. People will no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know me. For all of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me,” says the Lord. “For I will forgive their sin and will no longer call to mind the wrong they have done” [Table]. The Lord has made a promise to Israel. He promises it as the one who fixed the sun to give light by day and the moon and stars to give light by night. He promises it as the one who stirs up the sea so that its waves roll. He promises it as the one who is known as the Lord who rules over all.

I will not reject all the descendants of Israel because of all that they have done,¹⁸ the Lord promised. In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers,¹⁹ Paul concluded. And I think he meant all the descendants of Israel.

Addendum (7/7/2015): Jim Searcy has published that the Septuagint is a hoax written by Origen and Eusebius 200 hundred years after Christ. “In fact, the Septuagint ‘quotes’ from the New Testament and not vice versa…” His contention is that the “King James Version is the infallible Word of God.” So, I’ll re-examine the quotations above with the KJV.

Paul

KJV

NET Bible (Greek parallel text)

…and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

Romans 11:26b (KJV)

…and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob…

Isaiah 59:20b

ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ

Romans 11:26b

Cleary, Paul’s quotation is not as it is written in Isaiah 59:20 if the “King James Version is the infallible Word of God.”

Addendum: February 27, 2026
Tables comparing Jeremiah 31:35 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Jeremiah 31:35 (38:36; 38:35) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Jeremiah 31:35 (Tanakh)	Jeremiah 31:35 (KJV)	Jeremiah 31:35 (NET)
Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name:	Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name:	The Lord has made a promise to Israel. He promises it as the one who fixed the sun to give light by day and the moon and stars to give light by night. He promises it as the one who stirs up the sea so that its waves roll. His name is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

Jeremiah 31:35 (Septuagint BLB)	Jeremiah 38:36 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὕτως εἶπεν κύριος ὁ δοὺς τὸν ἥλιον εἰς φῶς τῆς ἡμέρας σελήνην καὶ ἀστέρας εἰς φῶς τῆς νυκτός καὶ κραυγὴν ἐν θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐβόμβησεν τὰ κύματα αὐτῆς κύριος παντοκράτωρ ὄνομα αὐτῷ	οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος ὁ δοὺς τὸν ἥλιον εἰς φῶς τῆς ἡμέρας, σελήνην καὶ ἀστέρας εἰς φῶς τῆς νυκτός, καὶ κραυγὴν ἐν θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐβόμβησε τὰ κύματα αὐτῆς, Κύριος παντοκράτωρ ὄνομα αὐτῷ
Jeremiah 38:36 (NETS)	Jeremiah 38:35 (English Elpenor)
Thus did the Lord say, who gives the sun as light by day, moon and stars as light by night, and a scream in the sea and its waves made a booming noise—the Lord Almighty is his name:	Thus saith the Lord, who gives the sun for a light by day, the moon and the stars for a light by night, and [makes] a roaring in the sea, so that the waves thereof roar; the Lord Almighty is his name:

Romans, Part 43

Back to Fear – Exodus, Part 8

Back to Torture, Part 2

Back to Romans, Part 58

¹ Romans 11:25a (NET) Table

² 2 Corinthians 1:8, 9 (NET)

³ Philippians 3:3 (NET) Table

⁴ Philippians 3:4-9 (NET)

⁵ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γνωναι (KJV: to know) following has been given. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁶ Mark 4:11, 12 (NET) See Antichrist, Part 1 for tables comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to that of the Septuagint.

⁷ Romans 11:7, 8 (NET) See Romans, Part 39 for tables comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

⁸ Ephesians 1:3-14 (NET)

⁹ 2 Corinthians 1:9 (NET)

¹⁰ Romans 12:16, 17 (NET)

¹¹ 1 Corinthians 4:10 (NET)

¹² 2 Corinthians 11:19 (NET)

¹³ Romans 11:25b, 26a (NET)

¹⁴ Romans 9:6b, 7 (NET) See The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 4 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

¹⁵ Romans 9:8 (NET)

¹⁶ Romans 1:18 (NET)

¹⁷ Isaiah 59:20 (NET) Table

¹⁸ Jeremiah 31:37 (NET) Table

¹⁹ Romans 11:28 (NET)

Romans, Part 41

Posted on February 28, 2013 by admin

Now I am speaking to you Gentiles, Paul continued. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry [Table], if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy (παραζηλώσω, a form of παραζηλόω) and save some of them.¹ Here Paul referred back to the Lord’s prophesy through Moses, I will make you jealous (παραζηλώσω, a form of παραζηλόω) by those who are not a nation; with a senseless nation I will provoke you to anger.²

The complete verse reads, They have made me jealous (Septuagint: παρεζήλωσάν, another form of παραζηλόω) with false gods, enraging me with their worthless gods; so I will make them jealous (Septuagint: παραζηλώσω, a form of παραζηλόω) with a people they do not recognize, with a nation slow to learn I will enrage them.³ And so I have the karmic reason: Israel made God jealous with false gods, so He made them jealous with senseless, slow to learn or foolish people. But Paul alluded to a grace reason as well: I ask then, [Israel] did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression [e.g., making God jealous with false gods] salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel jealous (παραζηλῶσαι, another form of παραζηλόω).⁴ And so Paul hoped to provoke [his] people to jealousy (παραζηλώσω, a form of παραζηλόω) and save some of them.

For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, Paul continued, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?⁵ Then he said something odd: If the first portion of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy…⁶ The phrase the first portion of the dough offered is one word in Greek, ἀπαρχὴ, firstfruits. At first I thought Paul was referencing the firstfruits offering from the law.

You must offer up a cake of the first (rē’šîṯ, רֵאשִׁית; Septuagint: ἀπαρχὴν) of your finely ground flour as a raised offering; as you offer the raised offering of the threshing floor, so you must offer it up. You must give to the Lord some of the first (rē’šîṯ, מֵרֵאשִׁית; Septuagint: ἀπαρχὴν) of your finely ground flour as a raised offering in your future generations.⁷ But the firstfruits belonged to the priests and their immediate families: All the best of the olive oil and all the best of the wine and of the wheat, the first fruits (rē’šîṯ, רֵאשִׁיתָם; Septuagint: ἀπαρχὴ) of these things that they give to the Lord, I have given to you. And whatever first ripe fruit in their land they bring to the Lord will be yours; everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.⁸

So if the whole batch became holy because of the offering of the firstfruits, the people would have starved, because the whole batch would have belonged to the priests and their immediate families. Paul used the word ἀπαρχὴ in another context in 1 Corinthians. But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits (ἀπαρχὴ) of those who have fallen asleep.⁹ For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead also came through a man [Table]. For just as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ, the firstfruits (ἀπαρχὴ); then when Christ comes, those who belong to him [Table].¹⁰

So I think Christ was the fristfruits (ἀπαρχὴ) Paul wrote about, and making the whole batch… holy was not something true of, or done by, the law. It is accomplished through Christ. Later in Romans Paul wrote that the people of Israel are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers.¹¹ I don’t think he meant that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were of such special merit that their merit would be extended to their descendants. I think he referenced the promises the Lord Jesus made to them, about their descendants, as Yahweh. As Paul wrote earlier, Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.”¹²

And Paul continued, if the root is holy, so too are the branches.¹³ Here again the Lord Jesus is the root: At that time a root from Jesse will stand like a signal flag for the nations. Nations will look to him for guidance, and his residence will be majestic. At that time the sovereign master will again lift his hand to reclaim the remnant of his people…¹⁴ The Lord Jesus is holy and all who spring forth from him are holy, too.

Then Paul began to describe the attitude Gentile believers should have toward the people of Israel. Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in the richness of the olive root [Table], do not boast over the branches [Table].¹⁵ “I am part of a senseless nation grafted in to make Israel jealous!” is not much to brag about anyway. But if you boast, Paul continued, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you [Table]. Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in” [Table].¹⁶ Here is a good place to review why the branches were broken off (Jeremiah 11:15-17 NET).

The Lord says to the people of Judah, “What right do you have to be in my temple, my beloved people? Many of you have done wicked things. Can your acts of treachery be so easily canceled by sacred offerings that you take joy in doing evil even while you make them? I, the Lord, once called you a thriving olive tree, one that produced beautiful fruit. But I will set you on fire, fire that will blaze with a mighty roar. Then all your branches will be good for nothing. For though I, the Lord who rules over all, planted you in the land, I now decree that disaster will come on you because the nations of Israel and Judah have done evil and have made me angry by offering sacrifices to the god Baal.”

Granted! Paul continued. They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear (φοβοῦ, a form of φοβέω)!¹⁷ This word φοβοῦ in this form occurs most often in the New Testament as the divine greeting to the fearful flesh of Adam: Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ)!¹⁸ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ), Zechariah…¹⁹ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ), Mary…²⁰ Then Jesus said to Simon, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ)…”²¹ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ), little flock…²² Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ), people²³ of Zion…²⁴ The Lord said to Paul by a vision in the night, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ)…”²⁵ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ), Paul!²⁶ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ) of the things you are about to suffer.²⁷ But Paul used it twice in Romans to say, But if you do wrong, be in fear (φοβοῦ)…²⁸ For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you.²⁹

I must be an adulteress ³⁰ at heart. I can’t count how many times I came to this place in Paul’s letter to the Romans, ignored everything I had heard thus far, and ran back to the law. It was like an all-consuming lust that blinded me and made me deaf to everything Paul had said about the law: For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous.³¹

Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin. But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (which is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed – namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe [Table].³²

For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law.³³ Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.³⁴ For the law brings wrath…³⁵ Now the law came in so that the transgression may increase…³⁶ For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace [Table]. What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Absolutely not! [Table]³⁷

Or do you not know, brothers and sisters (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord over a person as long as he lives? For a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law of the marriage. So then, if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress. So, my brothers and sisters, you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God. For when we were in the flesh, the sinful desires, aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body to bear fruit for death. But now we have been released from the law, because we have died to what controlled us, so that we may serve in the new life of the Spirit and not under the old written code.³⁸

Despite all this when Paul said, Do not be arrogant, but fear (φοβοῦ), I fled in terror from Jesus my Savior back to the law. A Baal worshiper may have thought that he was worshipping the true God. I’m sure I did at the time. A Baal worshiper may have thought that he had found a better god. But I was worshiping myself and my own ability to keep the law, even after years of practical experience and empirical proofs that I could not keep it. Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ); just believe.³⁹ Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ); just believe…⁴⁰

Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God, Paul continued, harshness toward those who have fallen, but God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off [Table]. And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again [Table]. For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree?⁴¹

Addendum: January 15, 2026
According to a note (8) in the NET Paul quoted from Psalm 51:4 in Romans 3:4. The following table compares the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.

Romans 3:4b (NET Parallel Greek)	Psalm 51:4b (Septuagint BLB) Table	Psalm 50:6b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου καὶ νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαι σε	ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῗς λόγοις σου καὶ νικήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε	ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου, καὶ νικήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε
Romans 3:4b (NET)	Psalm 50:6b (NETS)	Psalm 50:6b (English Elpenor)
so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged	so that you may be justified in your words and be victorious when you go to law.	that thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged.

According to a note (31) in the NET John quoted from Zechariah 9:9 in John 12:15. The following table compares the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.

John 12:15 (NET Parallel Greek)	Zechariah 9:9 (Septuagint BLB) Table	Zechariah 9:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ φοβοῦ, θυγάτηρ Σιών· ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεται, καθήμενος ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου	χαῖρε σφόδρα θύγατερ Σιων… ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί…ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὑποζύγιον καὶ πῶλον νέον	Χαῖρε σφόδρα, θύγατερ Σιών… ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεὺς σου ἔρχεταί…ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὑποζύγιον καὶ πῶλον νέον
John 12:15 (NET)	Zechariah 9:9 (NETS)	Zechariah 9:9 (English Elpenor)
Do not be afraid, people of Zion; look, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt!	Rejoice greatly, O daughter Sion…Behold, your king comes…riding on a beast of burden and a young foal.	Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion…Look! Your king is coming…riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey.

Tables comparing Numbers 15:20; 15:21; 18:12; 18:13; Isaiah 11:10; 11:11; Jeremiah 11:15; 11:16; 11:17 and Zechariah 9:9 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Numbers 15:20; 15:21; 18:12; 18:13; Isaiah 11:10; 11:11; Jeremiah 11:15; 11:16; 11:17 and Zechariah 9:9 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing 1 Corinthians 15:20; Revelation 1:17; John 12:15; Revelation 2:10 and Romans 4:15 in the NET and KJV follow.

Numbers 15:20 (Tanakh)	Numbers 15:20 (KJV)	Numbers 15:20 (NET)
Of the first of your dough ye shall set apart a cake for a gift; as that which is set apart of the threshing-floor, so shall ye set it apart.	Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it.	You must offer up a cake of the first of your finely ground flour as a raised offering; as you offer the raised offering of the threshing floor, so you must offer it up.

Numbers 15:20 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 15:19b, 20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν ἄρτον ἀφαίρεμα ἀφοριεῖτε αὐτό ὡς ἀφαίρεμα ἀπὸ ἅλω οὕτως ἀφελεῖτε αὐτόν	ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν (20) ἄρτον ἀφοριεῖτε ἀφαίρεμα αὐτό· ὡς ἀφαίρεμα ἀπὸ ἅλω, οὕτως ἀφελεῖτε αὐτόν
Numbers 15:20 (NETS)	Numbers 15:19b, 20 (English Elpenor)
as the first fruit of your dough, a loaf. As an advance deduction you shall set it apart; as an advance deduction from the threshing floor, so you shall remove it,	the first-fruits of your dough. (20) Ye shall offer your bread a heave-offering: as a heave-offering from the threshing-floor, so shall ye separate it,

Numbers 15:21 (Tanakh)	Numbers 15:21 (KJV)	Numbers 15:21 (NET)
Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto HaShem a portion for a gift throughout your generations.	Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave offering in your generations.	You must give to the Lord some of the first of your finely ground flour as a raised offering in your future generations.

Numbers 15:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 15:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν καὶ δώσετε κυρίῳ ἀφαίρεμα εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν	ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν, καὶ δώσετε Κυρίῳ ἀφαίρεμα εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν
Numbers 15:21 (NETS)	Numbers 15:21 (English Elpenor)
as the first fruit of your dough, and you shall give to the Lord an advance deduction for your generations.	even the first-fruits of your dough, and ye shall give the Lord a heave-offering throughout your generations.

Numbers 18:12 (Tanakh)	Numbers 18:12 (KJV)	Numbers 18:12 (NET)
All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the corn, the first part of them which they give unto HaShem, to thee have I given them.	All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee.	“All the best of the olive oil and all the best of the wine and of the wheat, the firstfruits of these things that they give to the Lord, I have given to you.

Numbers 18:12 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 18:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ ἐλαίου καὶ πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ οἴνου καὶ σίτου ἀπαρχὴ αὐτῶν ὅσα ἂν δῶσι τῷ κυρίῳ σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτά	πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ ἐλαίου καὶ πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ οἴνου καὶ σίτου, ἀπαρχὴ αὐτῶν, ὅσα ἂν δῶσι τῷ Κυρίῳ, σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτά
Numbers 18:12 (NETS)	Numbers 18:12 (English Elpenor)
Every first fruit of oil and every first fruit of wine and of grain, their first fruit, as much as they may give to the Lord, to you I have given them.	Every first-offering of oil, and every first-offering of wine, their first-fruits of corn, whatsoever they may give to the Lord, to thee have I given them.

Numbers 18:13 (Tanakh)	Numbers 18:13 (KJV)	Numbers 18:13 (NET)
The first-ripe fruits of all that is in their land, which they bring unto HaShem, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thy house may eat thereof.	And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.	And whatever first ripe fruit in their land they bring to the Lord will be yours; everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.

Numbers 18:13 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 18:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τὰ πρωτογενήματα πάντα ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν ὅσα ἂν ἐνέγκωσιν κυρίῳ σοὶ ἔσται πᾶς καθαρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ἔδεται αὐτά	τὰ πρωτογεννήματα πάντα, ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν, ὅσα ἂν ἐνέγκωσι Κυρίῳ, σοὶ ἔσται· πᾶς καθαρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ἔδεται αὐτά
Numbers 18:13 (NETS)	Numbers 18:13 (English Elpenor)
All the first products, as many as are in their land, as many as they may bring to the Lord, shall be yours; everyone who is clean in your house shall eat them.	All the first-fruits that are in their land, whatsoever they shall offer to the Lord, shall be thine: every clean person in thy house shall eat them.

Isaiah 11:10 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 11:10 (KJV)	Isaiah 11:10 (NET)
And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.	And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.	At that time a root from Jesse will stand like a signal flag for the nations. Nations will look to him for guidance, and his residence will be majestic.

Isaiah 11:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 11:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ιεσσαι καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἀνάπαυσις αὐτοῦ τιμή	Καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἡ ρίζα τοῦ ᾿Ιεσσαὶ καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν, ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσι, καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἀνάπαυσις αὐτοῦ τιμή
Isaiah 11:10 (NETS)	Isaiah 11:10 (English Elpenor)
And there shall be on that day the root of Iessai, even the one who stands up to rule nations; nations shall hope in him, and his rest shall be in honor.	And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall arise to rule over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust, and his rest shall be glorious.

Isaiah 11:11 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 11:11 (KJV)	Isaiah 11:11 (NET)
And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.	And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.	At that time the Lord will again lift his hand to reclaim the remnant of his people from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the seacoasts.

Isaiah 11:11 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 11:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔσται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ προσθήσει κύριος τοῦ δεῖξαι τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τοῦ ζηλῶσαι τὸ καταλειφθὲν ὑπόλοιπον τοῦ λαοῦ ὃ ἂν καταλειφθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων καὶ ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Βαβυλωνίας καὶ Αἰθιοπίας καὶ ἀπὸ Αιλαμιτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἐξ Ἀραβίας	καὶ ἔσται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνη προσθήσει Κύριος τοῦ δεῖξαι τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τοῦ ζηλῶσαι τὸ καταλειφθὲν ὑπόλοιπον τοῦ λαοῦ, ὃ ἂν καταλειφθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ᾿Ασσυρίων καὶ ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Βαβυλωνίας καὶ Αἰθιοπίας καὶ ἀπὸ ᾿Ελαμιτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἐξ ᾿Αραβίας
Isaiah 11:11 (NETS)	Isaiah 11:11 (English Elpenor)
And it shall be on that day that the Lord will further display his hand to show zeal for the remnant that is left of the people, whatever is left from the Assyrians, and from Egypt and Babylonia and Ethiopia and from the Ailamites and from where the sun rises and out of Arabia.	And it shall be in that day, [that] the Lord shall again shew his hand, to be zealous for the remnant that is left of the people, which shall be left by the Assyrians, and [that] from Egypt, and from the country of Babylon, and from Ethiopia, and from the Elamites, and from the rising of the sun, and out of Arabia.

Jeremiah 11:15 (Tanakh)	Jeremiah 11:15 (KJV)	Jeremiah 11:15 (NET)
What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest.	What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest.	The Lord says to the people of Judah, “What right do you have to be in my temple, my beloved people? Many of you have done wicked things. Can your acts of treachery be so easily canceled by sacred offerings that you take joy in doing evil even while you make them?

Jeremiah 11:15 (Septuagint BLB)	Jeremiah 11:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τί ἡ ἠγαπημένη ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ἐποίησεν βδέλυγμα μὴ εὐχαὶ καὶ κρέα ἅγια ἀφελοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ τὰς κακίας σου ἢ τούτοις διαφεύξῃ	τί ἡ ἠγαπημένη ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ἐποίησε βδέλυγμα; μὴ εὐχαὶ καὶ κρέα ἅγια ἀφελοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ τὰς κακίας σου, ἢ τούτοις διαφεύξῃ
Jeremiah 11:15 (NETS)	Jeremiah 11:15 (English Elpenor)
Why has the beloved done an abomination in my house? Surely vows and holy flesh will not remove from you your wickedness, or will you escape by means of these things?	Why has [my] beloved wrought abomination in my house? will prayers and holy offerings take away thy wickedness from thee, or shalt thou escape by these things?

Jeremiah 11:16 (Tanakh)	Jeremiah 11:16 (KJV)	Jeremiah 11:16 (NET)
The LORD called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire upon it, and the branches of it are broken.	The LORD called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire upon it, and the branches of it are broken.	I, the Lord, once called you a thriving olive tree, one that produced beautiful fruit. But I will set you on fire, fire that will blaze with a mighty roar. Then all your branches will be good for nothing.

Jeremiah 11:16 (Septuagint BLB)	Jeremiah 11:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐλαίαν ὡραίαν εὔσκιον τῷ εἴδει ἐκάλεσεν κύριος τὸ ὄνομά σου εἰς φωνὴν περιτομῆς αὐτῆς ἀνήφθη πῦρ ἐπ᾽ αὐτήν μεγάλη ἡ θλῖψις ἐπὶ σέ ἠχρεώθησαν οἱ κλάδοι αὐτῆς	ἐλαίαν ὡραίαν, εὔσκιον τῷ εἴδει ἐκάλεσε Κύριος τὸ ὄνομά σου· εἰς φωνὴν περιτομῆς αὐτῆς ἀνήφθη πῦρ ἐπ’ αὐτήν, μεγάλη ἡ θλῖψις ἐπὶ σέ, ἠχρεώθησαν οἱ κλάδοι αὐτῆς
Jeremiah 11:16 (NETS)	Jeremiah 11:16 (English Elpenor)
The Lord called your name a beautiful olive tree, well shaded in appearance; at the sound of its pruning the affliction was great on you; its branches were rendered useless.	The Lord called thy name a fair olive tree, of a goodly shade in appearance, at the noise of its being lopped, fire was kindled against it; great is the affliction [coming] upon thee: her branches are become good for nothing.

Jeremiah 11:17 (Tanakh)	Jeremiah 11:17 (KJV)	Jeremiah 11:17 (NET)
For the LORD of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal.	For the LORD of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal.	For though I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, planted you in the land, I now decree that disaster will come on you because the nations of Israel and Judah have done evil and have made me angry by offering sacrifices to the god Baal.”

Jeremiah 11:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Jeremiah 11:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ κύριος ὁ καταφυτεύσας σε ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ σὲ κακὰ ἀντὶ τῆς κακίας οἴκου Ισραηλ καὶ οἴκου Ιουδα ὅτι ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς τοῦ παροργίσαι με ἐν τῷ θυμιᾶν αὐτοὺς τῇ Βααλ	καὶ Κύριος ὁ καταφυτεύσας σε ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ σὲ κακὰ ἀντὶ τῆς κακίας οἴκου ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ οἴκου ᾿Ιούδα, ὅτι ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς τοῦ παροργίσαι με ἐν τῷ θυμιᾶν αὐτοὺς τῇ Βάαλ.
Jeremiah 11:17 (NETS)	Jeremiah 11:17 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord, who planted you, pronounced evil against you, in return for the evil of the house of Israel and the house of Iouda, because they have done this to themselves to provoke me to anger by offering incense to the goddess Baal.	And the Lord that planted thee has pronounced evils against thee, because of the iniquity of the house of Israel and the house of Juda, whatsoever they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger by burning incense to Baal.

Zechariah 9:9 (Tanakh)	Zechariah 9:9 (KJV)	Zechariah 9:9 (NET)
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.	Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.	Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey.

Zechariah 9:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Zechariah 9:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
χαῖρε σφόδρα θύγατερ Σιων κήρυσσε θύγατερ Ιερουσαλημ ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι δίκαιος καὶ σῴζων αὐτός πραῢς καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὑποζύγιον καὶ πῶλον νέον	Χαῖρε σφόδρα, θύγατερ Σιών· κήρυσσε, θύγατερ ῾Ιερουσαλήμ· ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεὺς σου ἔρχεταί σοι, δίκαιος καὶ σῴζων αὐτός, πραΰς καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὑποζύγιον καὶ πῶλον νέον
Zechariah 9:9 (NETS)	Zechariah 9:9 (English Elpenor)
Rejoice greatly, O daughter Sion! Proclaim, O daughter Ierousalem! Behold, your king comes to you, just and salvific is he, meek and riding on a beast of burden and a young foal.	Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Sion; proclaim [it] aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem; behold, the King is coming to thee, just, and a Saviour; he is meek and riding on an ass, and a young foal.

1 Corinthians 15:20 (NET)	1 Corinthians 15:20 (KJV)
But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.	But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

1 Corinthians 15:20 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Corinthians 15:20 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Corinthians 15:20 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων	νυνι δε χριστος εγηγερται εκ νεκρων απαρχη των κεκοιμημενων εγενετο	νυνι δε χριστος εγηγερται εκ νεκρων απαρχη των κεκοιμημενων εγενετο

Revelation 1:17 (NET)	Revelation 1:17 (KJV)
When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,	And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:

Revelation 1:17 (NET Parallel Greek)	Revelation 1:17 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Revelation 1:17 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Καὶ ὅτε εἶδον αὐτόν, ἔπεσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ὡς νεκρός, καὶ ἔθηκεν τὴν δεξιὰν αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ λέγων· μὴ φοβοῦ· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	και οτε ειδον αυτον επεσα προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος και επεθηκεν την δεξιαν αυτου χειρα επ εμε λεγων μοι μη φοβου εγω ειμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος	και οτε ειδον αυτον επεσα προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος και εθηκεν την δεξιαν αυτου επ εμε λεγων μη φοβου εγω ειμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος

John 12:15 (NET)	John 12:15 (KJV)
Do not be afraid, people of Zion; look, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt!”	Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass’s colt.

John 12:15 (NET Parallel Greek)	John 12:15 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	John 12:15 (Byzantine Majority Text)
μὴ φοβοῦ, θυγάτηρ Σιών· ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεται, καθήμενος ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου	μη φοβου θυγατερ σιων ιδου ο βασιλευς σου ερχεται καθημενος επι πωλον ονου	μη φοβου θυγατερ σιων ιδου ο βασιλευς σου ερχεται καθημενος επι πωλον ονου

Revelation 2:10 (NET)	Revelation 2:10 (KJV)
Do not be afraid of the things you are about to suffer. The devil is about to have some of you thrown into prison so you may be tested, and you will experience suffering for ten days. Remain faithful even to the point of death, and I will give you the crown that is life itself.	Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.

Revelation 2:10 (NET Parallel Greek)	Revelation 2:10 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Revelation 2:10 (Byzantine Majority Text)
\|μηδὲν\| φοβοῦ ἃ μέλλεις πάσχειν. ἰδοὺ μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν ἵνα πειρασθῆτε καὶ \|ἕξετε\| θλῖψιν ἡμερῶν δέκα. γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου, καὶ δώσω σοι τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς	μηδεν φοβου α μελλεις πασχειν ιδου μελλει βαλειν εξ υμων ο διαβολος εις φυλακην ινα πειρασθητε και εξετε θλιψιν ημερων δεκα γινου πιστος αχρι θανατου και δωσω σοι τον στεφανον της ζωης	μηδεν φοβου α μελλεις πασχειν ιδου δη μελλει βαλειν ο διαβολος εξ υμων εις φυλακην ινα πειρασθητε και εξετε θλιψιν ημερων δεκα γινου πιστος αχρι θανατου και δωσω σοι τον στεφανον της ζωης

Romans 4:15 (NET)	Romans 4:15 (KJV)
For the law brings wrath, because where there is no law there is no transgression either.	Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

Romans 4:15 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 4:15 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 4:15 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ὁ γὰρ νόμος ὀργὴν κατεργάζεται· οὗ δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν νόμος οὐδὲ παράβασις	ο γαρ νομος οργην κατεργαζεται ου γαρ ουκ εστιν νομος ουδε παραβασις	ο γαρ νομος οργην κατεργαζεται ου γαρ ουκ εστιν νομος ουδε παραβασις

Romans, Part 42

¹ Romans 11:13, 14 (NET)

² Romans 10:19 (NET) Table See Saul and Barnabas, Part 3 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

³ Deuteronomy 32:21 (NET) Table

⁴ Romans 11:11 (NET)

⁵ Romans 11:15 (NET) Table

⁶ Romans 11:16a (NET)

⁷ Numbers 15:20, 21 (NET)

⁸ Numbers 18:12, 13 (NET)

⁹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εγενετο (KJV: and become) at the end of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁰ 1 Corinthians 15:20-23 (NET)

¹¹ Romans 11:28b (NET)

¹² Romans 3:4 (NET) Table

¹³ Romans 11:16b (NET)

¹⁴ Isaiah 11:10, 11a (NET)

¹⁵ Romans 11:17, 18a (NET)

¹⁶ Romans 11:18b, 19 (NET)

¹⁷ Romans 11:20 (NET) Table

¹⁸ Revelation 1:17 (NET)

¹⁹ Luke 1:13 (NET)

²⁰ Luke 1:30 (NET)

²¹ Luke 5:10 (NET)

²² Luke 12:32 (NET)

²³ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had θυγατερ (KJV: daughter) here, a vocative form of θυγάτηρ, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had θυγάτηρ, which may also be understood in the vocative case.

²⁴ John 12:15 (NET)

²⁵ Acts 18:9 (NET)

²⁶ Acts 27:24 (NET)

²⁷ Revelation 2:10 (NET)

²⁸ Romans 13:4 (NET)

²⁹ Romans 11:21 (NET) Table

³⁰ Is Sin Less Than Sin? Part 4

³¹ Romans 2:13 (NET) Table

³² Romans 3:19-22a (NET)

³³ Romans 3:28 (NET) Table

³⁴ Romans 3:31 (NET) Table

³⁵ Romans 4:15a (NET)

³⁶ Romans 5:20a (NET)

³⁷ Romans 6:14, 15 (NET)

³⁸ Romans 7:1-6 (NET)

³⁹ Mark 5:36 (NET) Table

⁴⁰ Luke 8:50 (NET) Table

⁴¹ Romans 11:22-24 (NET)

Romans, Part 40

Posted on February 23, 2013 by admin

So I ask, Paul continued, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew (προέγνω, a form of προγινώσκω)!¹ The word προέγνω leads me directly back to Romans 8:28-30 (NET):

And we know that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose, because those whom he foreknew (προέγνω, a form of προγινώσκω) he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. And those he predestined, he also called; and those he called, he also justified; and those he justified, he also glorified.

Do you not know (οἴδατε, a form of εἴδω; literally see) what the scripture says about Elijah, Paul continued, how he pleads (ἐντυγχάνει, a form of ἐντυγχάνω) with God against Israel?² “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they³ have demolished your altars; I alone am left and they are seeking my life!”⁴ To plead against is certainly a valid translation. But to fully appreciate Paul’s sarcasm I think I must revisit the other two times he used ἐντυγχάνει in Romans, as well as the story when the Lord determined that Elisha would replace Elijah as prophet.

The Spirit helps us in our weakness, Paul wrote, for we do not know how we should pray, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with inexpressible groanings [Table]. And he who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes (ἐντυγχάνει, a form of ἐντυγχάνω) on behalf of the saints according to God’s will [Table].⁵ And, Who will bring any charge against God’s elect? It is God who justifies. Who is the one who will condemn? Christ is the one who died (and more than that, he was raised), who is at the right hand of God, and who also is interceding (ἐντυγχάνει, a form of ἐντυγχάνω) for us.⁶ So I begin to see the contrast that Elijah sounded more like an accuser than an intercessor, Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars; I alone am left and they are seeking my life!

The Lord strengthened and helped Elijah flee from Jezebel for forty days. But after he had spent the night in a cave at Horeb, the Lord spoke to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?”⁷ I have been absolutely loyal to the Lord, the sovereign God, Elijah answered, even though the Israelites have abandoned the agreement they made with you, torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.⁸

After a demonstration where Elijah saw that the Lord was not in a mighty wind, an earthquake, or a fire, but a soft whisper,⁹ He gave him another chance to answer the same question, Why are you here, Elijah?¹⁰ But Elijah gave exactly the same answer. So Elijah’s prophetic ministry was close to its end, at least for the time being. Go back the way you came and then head for the Desert of Damascus, the Lord told him. Go and anoint Hazael king over Syria. You must anoint Jehu son of Nimshi king over Israel, and Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah to take your place as prophet.¹¹

He doesn’t seem to be angry with Elijah. The Lord simply recognized that Elijah had reached the end of that measure of faith He had distributed to him: For by the grace given to me, Paul wrote the Romans, I say to every one of you not to think more highly of yourself than you ought to think, but to think with sober discernment, as God has distributed to each of you a measure of faith.¹²

Elijah thought he had performed the ultimate empirical test before all Israel, proving once and for all, The Lord is the true God!¹³ He didn’t understand that, faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God,¹⁴ the soft whisper rather than the cacophony of wind, earthquake or fire. But the Lord said to him, I still have left in Israel seven thousand followers who have not bowed their knees to Baal or kissed the images of him.¹⁵

But what was the divine response to [Elijah]? Paul continued in Romans, “I have kept for myself seven thousand people who have not bent the knee to Baal.” So in the same way at the present time there is a remnant chosen (ἐκλογὴν, a form of ἐκλογή) by grace. And if it is by grace, it is no longer by works, otherwise grace would no longer be grace.¹⁶ Earlier Paul wrote, when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, our ancestor Isaac – even before they were born or had done anything good or bad (so that God’s purpose in election [ἐκλογὴν, a form of ἐκλογή] would stand, not by works but by his calling [καλοῦντος, a form of καλέω]) – it was said to her, “The older will serve the younger [Table],” just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”¹⁷

The word translated calling above, καλοῦντος in Greek, is a form of καλέω, as is ἐκάλεσεν translated called in, And those he predestined, he also called (ἐκάλεσεν, another form of καλέω); and those he called (ἐκάλεσεν, another form of καλέω), he also justified; and those he justified, he also glorified.¹⁸ And Paul described God as the One who makes the dead alive and summons (καλοῦντος, a form of καλέω) the things that do not yet exist as though they already do.¹⁹

What then? Paul continued. Israel failed to obtain what²⁰ it was diligently seeking, but the elect (ἐκλογὴ; i.e., ἐκλογὴν χάριτος, those chosen by grace) obtained it. The rest were hardened, as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, to this very day” [Table comparing quote to Septuagint] And David²¹ says, “Let their table become a snare and trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them; let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see, and make their backs bend continually.”²²

But why? Why would God do this to his chosen people? For this is what the Lord has commanded us, Paul and Barnabas said in Pisidian Antioch, “I have appointed you to be a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.”²³ And to the Romans Paul wrote, I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel jealous.²⁴

Even in Acts Luke made it plain, When the Gentiles [in Pisidian Antioch] heard this, they began to rejoice and praise the word of the Lord, and all who had been appointed (τεταγμένοι, a form of τάσσω) for eternal life believed.²⁵ This knowledge that God calls people to salvation “in a certain order” should fill one with hope. Now if [Israel’s] transgression means riches for the world, Paul continued, and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration (πλήρωμα) bring?²⁶

No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, Jesus said, because the patch (πλήρωμα, or filling) will pull away from the garment and the tear will be worse. And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise²⁷ the skins burst and the wine is spilled out and the skins are destroyed.²⁸ Instead they put new wine into new wineskins and both²⁹ are preserved.³⁰ This was Jesus’ answer to a question asked by John the Baptist’s disciples, why Jesus’ disciples did not adhere to their religious norms, and those of the Pharisees.

Addendum: November 14, 2025
According to a note (1) in the NET, Paul quoted from 1 Kings 19:10, 14 in Romans 11:3. The following tables compare the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.

Romans 11:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Kings 19:10b (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:10b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, τὰ θυσιαστήρια σου κατέσκαψαν, καγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος καὶ ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου	τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου	τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ρομφαίᾳ, καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος, καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου
Romans 11:3 (NET)	3 Reigns 19:10b (NETS)	3 Kings 19:10b (English Elpenor)
they have killed your prophets; they have demolished your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life!	they threw down your altars and killed your prophets with a sword, and I alone am a remnant, and they are seeking my life	they have digged down thine altars, and have slain thy prophets with the sword; and I only am left alone, and they seek my life

Romans 11:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Kings 19:14b (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:14b (Septuagint Elpenor)
τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, τὰ θυσιαστήρια σου κατέσκαψαν, καγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος καὶ ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου	τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου καθεῖλαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου	καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου καθεῖλαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ρομφαίᾳ, καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος, καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου
Romans 11:3 (NET)	3 Reigns 19:14b (NETS)	3 Kings 19:14b (English Elpenor)
they have killed your prophets; they have demolished your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life!	they tore down your altars and killed your prophets with a sword, and I alone am a remnant, and they are seeking my life	and they have overthrown thine altars, and have slain thy prophets with the sword! and I am left entirely alone, and they seek my life

According to a note (4) in the NET, Paul quoted from 1 Kings 19:18 in Romans 11:4. The following table compares the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.

Romans 11:4b (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Kings 19:10b (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:10b (Septuagint Elpenor)
Κατέλιπον…ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας, οἵτινες οὐκ ἔκαμψαν γόνυ τῇ Βάαλ	Καταλείψεις…ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν πάντα γόνατα ἃ οὐκ ὤκλασαν γόνυ τῷ Βααλ	Καταλείψεις…ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν, πάντα γόνατα, ἃ οὐκ ὤκλασαν γόνυ τῷ Βάαλ
Romans 11:4b (NET)	3 Reigns 19:10b (NETS)	3 Kings 19:10b (English Elpenor)
I have kept…7,000 people who have not bent the knee to Baal	you will leave seven thousand men…all the knees that did not bow a knee to Baal	thou shalt leave…seven thousand men, all the knees which had not bowed themselves to Baal

According to a note (7) in the NET, Paul quoted from Psalm 69:22, 23 in Romans 11:9b, 10. The following tables compare the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.

Romans 11:9b (NET Parallel Greek)	Psalm 69:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 68:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς θήραν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδοσιν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδοσιν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον
Romans 11:9b (NET)	Psalm 68:23 (NETS)	Psalm 68:23 (English Elpenor)
Let their table become a snare and trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them;	Let their table become a trap before them, and a retribution and a stumbling block.	Let their table before them be for a snare, and for a recompense, and for a stumbling-block.

Romans 11:10 (NET Parallel Greek)	Psalm 69:23 (Septuagint BLB) Table	Psalm 68:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον	σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον	σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς σύγκαμψον
Romans 11:10 (NET)	Psalm 68:24 (NETS)	Psalm 68:24 (English Elpenor)
let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see, and make their backs bend continually.	Let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their back permanently.	Let their eyes be darkened that they should not see; and bow down their back continually.

Tables comparing 1 Kings 19:10; 19:14; 19:9; 19:12; 19:13; 19:15; 19:16; 19:18; Psalm 69:22 and 69:23 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of 1 Kings (3 Reigns, 3 Kings) 19:10; 19:14; 19:9; 19:12; 19:13; 19:15; 19:16; 19:18; Psalm 69:22 (68:23) and 69:23 (68:24) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Romans 11:2; 11:3; 11:6; 11:7; 11:9, 10 and Matthew 9:17 in the KJV and NET follow.

1 Kings 19:10 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:10 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:10 (NET)
And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.	And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.	He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal to the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies, even though the Israelites have abandoned the covenant they made with you, torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.”

1 Kings 19:10 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου ζηλῶν ἐζήλωκα τῷ κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπόν σε οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου λαβεῖν αὐτήν	καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Ηλιού· ζηλῶν ἐζήλωκα τῷ Κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι, ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπόν σε οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ· τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ρομφαίᾳ, καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος, καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου λαβεῖν αὐτήν
3 Reigns 19:10 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:10 (English Elpenor)
And Eliou said, “Being zealous, I have been zealous for the Lord Almighty, for the sons of Israel forsook you; they threw down your altars and killed your prophets with a sword, and I alone am a remnant, and they are seeking my life, to take it.”	And Eliu said, I have been very jealous for the Lord Almighty, because the children of Israel have forsaken thee: they have digged down thine altars, and have slain thy prophets with the sword; and I only am left alone, and they seek my life to take it.

1 Kings 19:14 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:14 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:14 (NET)
And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.	And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.	He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal to the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies, even though the Israelites have abandoned the covenant they made with you, torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.”

1 Kings 19:14 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου ζηλῶν ἐζήλωκα τῷ κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπον τὴν διαθήκην σου οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου καθεῖλαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου λαβεῖν αὐτήν	καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Ηλιού· ζηλῶν ἐζήλωκα τῷ Κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι, ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπον τὴν διαθήκην σου οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ· καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου καθεῖλαν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ρομφαίᾳ, καὶ ὑπολέλειμμαι ἐγὼ μονώτατος, καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν μου λαβεῖν αὐτήν
3 Reigns 19:14 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:14 (English Elpenor)
And Eliou said, “Being zealous, I have been zealous for the Lord Almighty, for the sons of Israel forsook your covenant; they tore down your altars and killed your prophets with a sword, and I alone am a remnant, and they are seeking my life, to take it.”	And Eliu said, I have been very jealous for the Lord Almighty; for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, and they have overthrown thine altars, and have slain thy prophets with the sword! and I am left entirely alone, and they seek my life to take it.

1 Kings 19:9 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:9 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:9 (NET)
And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the LORD came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thou here, Elijah?	And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the LORD came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thou here, Elijah?	He went into a cave there and spent the night. Suddenly the Lord’s message came to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?”

1 Kings 19:9 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐκεῖ εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐκεῖ καὶ ἰδοὺ ῥῆμα κυρίου πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν τί σὺ ἐνταῦθα Ηλιου	καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐκεῖ εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐκεῖ· καὶ ἰδοὺ ρῆμα Κυρίου πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπε· τί σὺ ἐνταῦθα, ᾿Ηλιού
3 Reigns 19:9 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:9 (English Elpenor)
And he entered into a cave and lodged there. And behold, a word of the Lord came to him and said, “Why are you here, Eliou?”	And he entered there into a cave, and rested there; and, behold, the word of the Lord [came] to him, and he said, What [doest] thou here, Eliu?

1 Kings 19:12 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:12 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:12 (NET)
And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.	And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.	After the earthquake, there was a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. After the fire, there was a soft whisper.

1 Kings 19:12 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ μετὰ τὸν συσσεισμὸν πῦρ οὐκ ἐν τῷ πυρὶ κύριος καὶ μετὰ τὸ πῦρ φωνὴ αὔρας λεπτῆς κἀκεῖ κύριος	καὶ μετὰ τὸν συσσειμὸν πῦρ, οὐκ ἐν τῷ πυρὶ Κύριος· καὶ μετὰ τὸ πῦρ φωνὴ αὔρας λεπτῆς, κἀκεῖ Κύριος
3 Reigns 19:12 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:12 (English Elpenor)
and after the seismic upheaval a fire; the Lord was not in the fire, and after the fire the sound of a light breeze, and the Lord was there.	and after the earthquake a fire; [but] the Lord [was] not in the fire: and after the fire the voice of a gentle breeze.

1 Kings 19:13 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:13 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:13 (NET)
And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?	And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?	When Elijah heard it, he covered his face with his robe and went out and stood at the entrance to the cave. Suddenly a voice asked him, “Why are you here, Elijah?”

1 Kings 19:13 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν Ηλιου καὶ ἐπεκάλυψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ μηλωτῇ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἔστη ὑπὸ τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ ἰδοὺ πρὸς αὐτὸν φωνὴ καὶ εἶπεν τί σὺ ἐνταῦθα Ηλιου	καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν ᾿Ηλιού, καὶ ἐπεκάλυψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ μηλωτῇ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξῆλθε καὶ ἔστη ὑπὸ σπήλαιον· καὶ ἰδοὺ πρὸς αὐτὸν φωνὴ καὶ εἶπε· τί σὺ ἐνταῦθα ᾿Ηλιού
3 Reigns 19:13 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:13 (English Elpenor)
And it happened, when Eliou heard it, that he wrapped his face in his hairy mantle and went out and stood by the cave, and behold, there came a voice to him, and it said, “Why are you here, Eliou?”	And it came to pass when Eliu heard, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went forth and stood in the cave: and, behold, a voice [came] to him and said, What [doest] thou here, Eliu?

1 Kings 19:15 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:15 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:15 (NET)
And the LORD said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria:	And the LORD said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria:	The Lord said to him, “Go back the way you came and then head for the wilderness of Damascus. Go and anoint Hazael king over Syria.

1 Kings 19:15 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς αὐτόν πορεύου ἀνάστρεφε εἰς τὴν ὁδόν σου καὶ ἥξεις εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ἐρήμου Δαμασκοῦ καὶ χρίσεις τὸν Αζαηλ εἰς βασιλέα τῆς Συρίας	καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς αὐτόν· πορεύου, ἀνάστρεφε εἰς τὴν ὁδόν σου καὶ ἥξεις εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ἐρήμου Δαμασκοῦ καὶ ἥξεις καὶ χρίσεις τὸν ᾿Αζαὴλ εἰς βασιλέα τῆς Συρίας
3 Reigns 19:15 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:15 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord said to him, “Go, return on your way, and you will come to the way of the wilderness of Damascus, and you shall anoint Hazael as king of Syria,	And the Lord said to him, Go, return, and thou shalt come into the way of the wilderness of Damascus: and thou shalt go and anoint Azael to be king over Syria.

1 Kings 19:16 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:16 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:16 (NET)
And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.	And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.	You must anoint Jehu son of Nimshi king over Israel, and Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah to take your place as prophet.

1 Kings 19:16 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ τὸν Ιου υἱὸν Ναμεσσι χρίσεις εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ισραηλ καὶ τὸν Ελισαιε υἱὸν Σαφατ ἀπὸ Αβελμαουλα χρίσεις εἰς προφήτην ἀντὶ σοῦ	καὶ τὸν ᾿Ιοὺ υἱὸν Ναμεσσὶ χρίσεις εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ ᾿Ισραήλ· καὶ τὸν ῾Ελισαιὲ υἱὸν Σαφὰτ χρίσεις εἰς προφήτην ἀντὶ σοῦ
3 Reigns 19:16 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:16 (English Elpenor)
and you shall anoint Iou son of Namessi as king over Israel, and you shall anoint Elisaie son of Saphat from Abelmaoula as prophet in your stead.	And Ju the son of Namessi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel; and Elisaie the son of Saphat shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.

1 Kings 19:18 (Tanakh)	1 Kings 19:18 (KJV)	1 Kings 19:18 (NET)
Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.	Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.	I still have left in Israel 7,000 followers who have not bowed their knees to Baal or kissed the images of him.”

1 Kings 19:18 (Septuagint BLB)	3 Kings 19:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ καταλείψεις ἐν Ισραηλ ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν πάντα γόνατα ἃ οὐκ ὤκλασαν γόνυ τῷ Βααλ καὶ πᾶν στόμα ὃ οὐ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ	καὶ καταλείψεις ἐν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν, πάντα γόνατα, ἃ οὐκ ὤκλασαν γόνυ τῷ Βάαλ, καὶ πᾶν στόμα, ὃ οὐ προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ
3 Reigns 19:18 (NETS)	3 Kings 19:18 (English Elpenor)
And you will leave seven thousand men in Israel, all the knees that did not bow a knee to Baal and every mouth that did not do obeisance to him.”	And thou shalt leave in Israel seven thousand men, all the knees which had not bowed themselves to Baal, and every mouth which had not worshipped him.

Psalm 69:22 (Tanakh)	Psalm 69:22 (KJV)	Psalm 69:22 (NET)
Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap.	Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap.	May their dining table become a trap before them. May it be a snare for that group of friends.

Psalm 69:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 68:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδοσιν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδοσιν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον
Psalm 68:23 (NETS)	Psalm 68:23 (English Elpenor)
Let their table become a trap before them, and a retribution and a stumbling block.	Let their table before them be for a snare, and for a recompense, and for a stumbling-block.

Psalm 69:23 (Tanakh)	Psalm 69:23 (KJV)	Psalm 69:23 (NET)
Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake.	Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake.	May their eyes be blinded. Make them shake violently.

Psalm 69:23 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 68:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον	σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς σύγκαμψον
Psalm 68:24 (NETS)	Psalm 68:24 (English Elpenor)
Let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their back permanently.	Let their eyes be darkened that they should not see; and bow down their back continually.

Romans 11:2 (NET)	Romans 11:2 (KJV)
God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew! Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel?	God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,

Romans 11:2 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)
οὐκ ἀπώσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ὃν προέγνω. ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ἐν Ἠλίᾳ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή, ὡς ἐντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ κατὰ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ	ουκ απωσατο ο θεος τον λαον αυτου ον προεγνω η ουκ οιδατε εν ηλια τι λεγει η γραφη ως εντυγχανει τω θεω κατα του ισραηλ λεγων	ουκ απωσατο ο θεος τον λαον αυτου ον προεγνω η ουκ οιδατε εν ηλια τι λεγει η γραφη ως εντυγχανει τω θεω κατα του ισραηλ λεγων

Romans 11:3 (NET)	Romans 11:3 (KJV)
“Lord, they have killed your prophets; they have demolished your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life!”	Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

Romans 11:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)
κύριε, τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, τὰ θυσιαστήρια σου κατέσκαψαν, καγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος καὶ ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου	κυριε τους προφητας σου απεκτειναν και τα θυσιαστηρια σου κατεσκαψαν καγω υπελειφθην μονος και ζητουσιν την ψυχην μου	κυριε τους προφητας σου απεκτειναν και τα θυσιαστηρια σου κατεσκαψαν καγω υπελειφθην μονος και ζητουσιν την ψυχην μου

Romans 11:6 (NET)	Romans 11:6 (KJV)
And if it is by grace, it is no longer by works, otherwise grace would no longer be grace.	And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.

Romans 11:6 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)
εἰ δὲ χάριτι, οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων, ἐπεὶ ἡ χάρις οὐκέτι γίνεται χάρις	ει δε χαριτι ουκετι εξ εργων επει η χαρις ουκετι γινεται χαρις ει δε εξ εργων ουκετι εστιν χαρις επει το εργον ουκετι εστιν εργον	ει δε χαριτι ουκετι εξ εργων επει η χαρις ουκετι γινεται χαρις ει δε εξ εργων ουκετι εστιν χαρις επει το εργον ουκετι εστιν εργον

Romans 11:7 (NET)	Romans 11:7 (KJV)
What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was diligently seeking, but the elect obtained it. The rest were hardened,	What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded

Romans 11:7 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:7 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:7 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Τί οὖν; ὃ ἐπιζητεῖ Ἰσραήλ, τοῦτο οὐκ ἐπέτυχεν, ἡ δὲ ἐκλογὴ ἐπέτυχεν· οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἐπωρώθησαν	τι ουν ο επιζητει ισραηλ τουτου ουκ επετυχεν η δε εκλογη επετυχεν οι δε λοιποι επωρωθησαν	τι ουν ο επιζητει ισραηλ τουτο ουκ επετυχεν η δε εκλογη επετυχεν οι δε λοιποι επωρωθησαν

Romans 11:9, 10 (NET)	Romans 11:9, 10 (KJV)
And David says, “Let their table become a snare and trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them;	And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:

Romans 11:9 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ Δαυὶδ λέγει· γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς θήραν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	και δαβιδ λεγει γενηθητω η τραπεζα αυτων εις παγιδα και εις θηραν και εις σκανδαλον και εις ανταποδομα αυτοις	και δαυιδ λεγει γενηθητω η τραπεζα αυτων εις παγιδα και εις θηραν και εις σκανδαλον και εις ανταποδομα αυτοις

let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see, and make their backs bend continually.”

Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.

Romans 11:10 (NET Parallel Greek)	Romans 11:10 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Romans 11:10 (Byzantine Majority Text)
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον	σκοτισθητωσαν οι οφθαλμοι αυτων του μη βλεπειν και τον νωτον αυτων διαπαντος συγκαμψον	σκοτισθητωσαν οι οφθαλμοι αυτων του μη βλεπειν και τον νωτον αυτων διαπαντος συγκαμψον

Matthew 9:17 (NET)	Matthew 9:17 (KJV)
And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst and the wine is spilled out and the skins are destroyed. Instead they put new wine into new wineskins and both are preserved.”	Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.

Matthew 9:17 (NET Parallel Greek)	Matthew 9:17 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Matthew 9:17 (Byzantine Majority Text)
οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή γε, ρήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοὶ καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται· ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται	ουδε βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους παλαιους ει δε μηγε ρηγνυνται οι ασκοι και ο οινος εκχειται και οι ασκοι απολουνται αλλα βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους καινους και αμφοτερα συντηρουνται	ουδε βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους παλαιους ει δε μηγε ρηγνυνται οι ασκοι και ο οινος εκχειται και οι ασκοι απολουνται αλλα βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους καινους και αμφοτεροι συντηρουνται