Jephthah was somewhat unique among the Judges. His leadership style hearkened back to someone more like Moses than the other Judges up to his time (compare Ehud, for instance). Though I wouldn’t expect a marauding leader of lawless men, the exiled son of a professional (or eager amateur) devotee of one of the Baals or Ashtars, to be an avid student of the five books of Moses (Genesis through Deuteronomy), Jephthah did not rush into battle with the king of the Ammonites (Judges 11:12, 13 NET).
Jephthah sent messengers to the Ammonite king, saying, “Why have you come against me to attack my land?” The Ammonite king said to Jephthah’s messengers, “Because Israel stole my land when they came up from Egypt – from the Arnon River in the south to the Jabbok River in the north, and as far west as the Jordan. Now return it peaceably!”
Perhaps Jephthah’s ancestry and personal history made him more careful than others to imitate Moses of old. Whether he knew the history himself or enlisted priests or prophets to help him, Jephthah’s response to the Ammonite king was a relatively detailed Bible study.
Jephthah sent messengers back to the Ammonite king and said to him, “This is what Jephthah says, ‘Israel did not steal the land of Moab and the land of the Ammonites.
Judges 11:14, 15 (NET)
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When they left Egypt, Israel traveled through the desert as far as the Red Sea and then came to Kadesh. Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, “Please allow us to pass through your land.” But the king of Edom rejected the request.
Judges 11:16, 17a (NET)
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Deuteronomy 2:1-8 (NET)
Numbers 20:14-21 (NET)
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Israel sent the same request to the king of Moab, but he was unwilling to cooperate. So Israel stayed at Kadesh. Then Israel went through the desert and bypassed the land of Edom and the land of Moab. They traveled east of the land of Moab and camped on the other side of the Arnon River; they did not go through Moabite territory (the Arnon was Moab’s border).
Judges 11:17b, 18 (NET)
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Deuteronomy 2:9 (NET)
Numbers 21:11-13 (NET)
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Israel sent messengers to King Sihon, the Amorite king who ruled in Heshbon, and said to him, “Please allow us to pass through your land to our land.” But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory. He assembled his whole army, camped in Jahaz, and fought with Israel. The Lord God of Israel handed Sihon and his whole army over to Israel and they defeated them. Israel took all the land of the Amorites who lived in that land. They took all the Amorite territory from the Arnon River on the south to the Jabbok River on the north, from the desert in the east to the Jordan in the west. Since the Lord God of Israel has driven out the Amorites before his people Israel, do you think you can just take it from them? You have the right to take what Chemosh your god gives you, but we will take the land of all whom the Lord our God has driven out before us.
Judges 11:19-24 (NET)
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Deuteronomy 2:24-37 (NET)
Numbers 21:21-25 (NET)
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Are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Did he dare to quarrel with Israel? Did he dare to fight with them? Israel has been living in Heshbon and its nearby towns, in Aroer and its nearby towns, and in all the cities along the Arnon for three hundred years! Why did you not reclaim them during that time?
Judges 11:25, 26 (NET)
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Numbers 22-25 (NET)
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I have not done you wrong, but you are doing wrong by attacking me. May the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה), the Judge (šāp̄aṭ, השפט), judge (šāp̄aṭ, ישפט) this day between the Israelites and the Ammonites!’” But the Ammonite king disregarded the message sent by Jephthah.
Judges 11:27, 28 (NET)
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Deuteronomy 2:17-19 (NET)
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The next part of Jephthah’s story was introduced by the statement, The Lord’s spirit empowered Jephthah. And by the Lord’s spirit, Jephthah approached the Ammonites to fight with them, and the Lord handed them over to him. He defeated them from Aroer all the way to Minnith – twenty cities in all, even as far as Abel Keramim! He wiped them out! The Israelites humiliated the Ammonites. But after the Lord’s spirit empowered him, and before he defeated the Ammonites, on the way to battle, probably in the hearing of his officers and men (Judges 11:30, 31 NET):
Jephthah made (nāḏar, וידר) a vow (neḏer, נדר) to the Lord, saying, “If you really do hand the Ammonites over to me [Table], then whoever is the first to come through the doors of my house to meet me when I return safely from fighting the Ammonites – he will belong to the Lord and I will offer him up as a burnt sacrifice [Table].”
Whether he studied the scroll himself or with the aid of priests or Levites the information Jephthah shared with the Ammonite king came largely from Numbers. In Numbers 30:1, 2 (NET), Moses told the leaders of the tribes concerning the Israelites, “This is what the Lord has commanded: If a man makes (nāḏar, ידר) a vow (neḏer, נדר) to the Lord or takes (šāḇaʿ, השבע) an oath (šᵊḇûʿâ, שבעה) of binding obligation on himself, he must not break (ḥālal, יחל) his word, but must do whatever (kōl, ככל) he has promised (yāṣā’ היצא, pê מפיו) [Table].
The plot thickens (Judges 11:34, 35 NET):
When Jephthah came home to Mizpah, there was his daughter hurrying out to meet him, dancing to the rhythm of tambourines. She was his only child; except for her he had no son or daughter. When he saw her, he ripped his clothes and said, “Oh no! My daughter! You have completely ruined me! You have brought me disaster! I made (pāṣâ, פציתי) an oath (pê, פי) to the Lord, and I cannot break (šûḇ, לשוב) it.”
Though it is a tricky thing to do it might be possible to infer a few things about this marauding leader of lawless men, the exiled son of a professional (or eager amateur) devotee of one of the Baals or Ashtars, as a father by his daughter’s response. “My father, since you made (pāṣâ, פציתה) an oath (pê, פיך) to the Lord, do to me as you promised (‘ăšer, כאשר; yāṣā’, יצא; pê, מפיך; literally: “whatever went out from your mouth”). After all, the Lord vindicated you before your enemies, the Ammonites.” And it was not only before the Ammonites that Jephthah was vindicated.
The story concluded (Judges 11:37-40 NET):
She then said to her father, “Please grant me this one wish. For two months allow me to walk through the hills with my friends and mourn my virginity.” He said, “You may go.” He permitted her to leave for two months. She went with her friends and mourned her virginity as she walked through the hills. After two months she returned (šûḇ, ותשב) to her father, and he did to her as he had (neḏer, נדרו) vowed (nāḏar, נדר). She died a virgin. Her tragic death gave rise to a custom in Israel. Every year Israelite women commemorate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite for four days [Table].
For a long time I accepted this story as a tragic example of the high price of righteousness, or justification, by the works of the law. The repetition of the words וידר (nāḏar) and נדר (nāḏar) in Judges 11:30 , and נדר (neḏer) and נדרו (neḏer) in Judges 11:39, as they appear in Numbers 30:2 (nāḏar, ידר and neḏer, נדר), leads me to believe that the author of Judges probably thought that, too. The Bible I used at the time did not have a topical heading that read: A Foolish Vow Spells Death for a Daughter. I’m not sure I would have believed it if it had. It was only after encountering the divorce dilemma in Ezra and Malachi that I began to rethink Jephthah’s dilemma. I wasn’t prepared yet to find salvation for Jephthah’s daughter in the law (Leviticus 5:4-6a NET).
…when a person swears an oath (šāḇaʿ, תשבע), speaking thoughtlessly (bāṭā’, לבטא) with his lips, whether to do evil or to do good, with regard to anything which the individual might speak thoughtlessly (bāṭā’, יבטא) in an oath (šᵊḇûʿâ, בשבעה), even if he did not realize it, but he himself has later come to know it and is guilty with regard to one of these oaths – when an individual becomes guilty with regard to one of these things he must confess how he has sinned, and he must bring his penalty for guilt to the Lord for his sin that he has committed…
Addendum: August 5, 2021
Tables comparing Judges 11:12; 11:13; 11:14; 11:15; 11:16; 11:17; 11:18; 11:19; 11:20; 11:21; 11:22; 11:23; 11:24; 11:25; 11:26; 11:27; 11:28; 11:32; 11:33; Numbers 30:1 (30:2); Judges 11:34; 11:35; 11:37; 11:38; 11:39; Leviticus 5:4; 5:5 and 5:6 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Judges 11:12; 11:13; 11:14; 11:15; 11:16; 11:17; 11:18; 11:19; 11:20; 11:21; 11:22; 11:23; 11:24; 11:25; 11:26; 11:27; 11:28; 11:32; 11:33; Numbers 30:1 (30:2); Judges 11:34; 11:35; 11:37; 11:38; 11:39 (11:39, 40a); Leviticus 5:4; 5:5 and 5:6 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.
Judges 11:12 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:12 (KJV) |
Judges 11:12 (NET)
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And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land? |
And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land? |
Jephthah sent messengers to the Ammonite king, saying, “Why have you come against me to attack my land?” |
Judges 11:13 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:13 (KJV) |
Judges 11:13 (NET)
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And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably. |
And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably. |
The Ammonite king said to Jephthah’s messengers, “Because Israel stole my land when they came up from Egypt—from the Arnon River in the south to the Jabbok River in the north, and as far west as the Jordan. Now return it peaceably!” |
Judges 11:13 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ εἶπεν βασιλεὺς υἱῶν Αμμων πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους Ιεφθαε διότι ἔλαβεν Ισραηλ τὴν γῆν μου ἐν τῇ ἀναβάσει αὐτοῦ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀπὸ Αρνων ἕως Ιαβοκ καὶ ἕως τοῦ Ιορδάνου καὶ νῦν ἐπίστρεψον αὐτὰς μετ᾽ εἰρήνης |
καὶ εἶπε βασιλεὺς υἱῶν ᾿Αμμὼν πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους ᾿Ιεφθάε· ὅτι ἔλαβεν ᾿Ισραὴλ τὴν γῆν μου ἐν τῷ ἀναβαίνειν αὐτὸν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀπὸ ᾿Αρνὼν ἕως ᾿Ιαβὸκ καὶ ἕως τοῦ ᾿Ιορδάνου· καὶ νῦν ἐπίστρεψον αὐτὰς ἐν εἰρήνῃ, καὶ πορεύσομαι |
Judges 11:13 (NETS)
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Judges 11:13 (English Elpenor)
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And the king of the sons of Ammon said to the messengers of Iephthae, “Because Israel took away my land in their journey up out of Egypt, from Arnon up to Iabok and up to the Jordan, and now restore them in peace.” |
And the king of the children of Ammon said to the messengers of Jephthae, Because Israel took my land when he went up out of Egypt, from Arnon to Jaboc, and to Jordan: now then return them peaceably and I will depart. |
Judges 11:15 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:15 (KJV) |
Judges 11:15 (NET)
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And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon: |
And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon: |
and said to him, “This is what Jephthah says, ‘Israel did not steal the land of Moab and the land of the Ammonites. |
Judges 11:16 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:16 (KJV) |
Judges 11:16 (NET)
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But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh; |
But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh; |
When they left Egypt, Israel traveled through the desert as far as the Red Sea and then came to Kadesh. |
Judges 11:17 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:17 (KJV) |
Judges 11:17 (NET)
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Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh. |
Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh. |
Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, “Please allow us to pass through your land.” But the king of Edom rejected the request. Israel sent the same request to the king of Moab, but he was unwilling to cooperate. So Israel stayed at Kadesh. |
Judges 11:17 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν Ισραηλ ἀγγέλους πρὸς βασιλέα Εδωμ λέγων παρελεύσομαι διὰ τῆς γῆς σου καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν βασιλεὺς Εδωμ καί γε πρὸς βασιλέα Μωαβ ἀπέστειλεν καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν καὶ ἐκάθισεν Ισραηλ ἐν Καδης |
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἀγγέλους πρὸς βασιλέα ᾿Εδὼμ λέγων· παρελεύσομαι δὴ ἐν τῇ γῇ σου· καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσε βασιλεὺς ᾿Εδώμ. καί γε πρὸς βασιλέα Μωὰβ ἀπέστειλε, καὶ οὐκ εὐδόκησε. καὶ ἐκάθισεν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν Κάδης |
Judges 11:17 (NETS)
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Judges 11:17 (English Elpenor)
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And Israel sent out messengers to the king of Edom, saying, ‘I will pass through your land,’ and the king of Edom did not listen. And indeed he sent to the king of Moab, but he did not consent. And Israel resided at Kades. |
And Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, I will pass, if it please thee, by thy land: and the king of Edom complied not: and [Israel] also sent to the king of Moab, and he did not consent; and Israel sojourned in Cades. |
Judges 11:18 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:18 (KJV) |
Judges 11:18 (NET)
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Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. |
Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. |
Then Israel went through the wilderness and bypassed the land of Edom and the land of Moab. They traveled east of the land of Moab and camped on the other side of the Arnon River; they did not go through Moabite territory (the Arnon was Moab’s border). |
Judges 11:19 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:19 (KJV) |
Judges 11:19 (NET)
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And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place. |
And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place. |
Israel sent messengers to King Sihon, the Amorite king who ruled in Heshbon, and said to him, “Please allow us to pass through your land to our land.” |
Judges 11:19 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ισραηλ ἀγγέλους πρὸς Σηων βασιλέα Εσεβων τὸν Αμορραῗον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ισραηλ παρελεύσομαι διὰ τῆς γῆς σου ἕως τοῦ τόπου μου |
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἀγγέλους πρὸς Σηὼν βασιλέα τοῦ ᾿Αμορραίου βασιλέα ᾿Εσεβών, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ᾿Ισραήλ· παρέλθωμεν δὴ ἐν τῇ γῇ σου ἕως τοῦ τόπου ἡμῶν |
Judges 11:19 (NETS)
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Judges 11:19 (English Elpenor)
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And Israel sent messengers to Seon, king of Heshbon, the Amorite, and Israel said to him, ‘I will pass through your land to my place.’ |
And Israel sent messengers to Seon king of the Amorite, king of Esbon, and Israel said to him, Let us pass, we pray thee, by thy land to our place. |
Judges 11:20 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:20 (KJV) |
Judges 11:20 (NET)
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But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel. |
But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel. |
But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory. He assembled his whole army, camped in Jahaz, and fought with Israel. |
Judges 11:21 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:21 (KJV) |
Judges 11:21 (NET)
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And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. |
And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. |
The Lord God of Israel handed Sihon and his whole army over to Israel, and they defeated them. Israel took all the land of the Amorites who lived in that land. |
Judges 11:21 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ παρέδωκεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ τὸν Σηων καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν χειρὶ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτούς καὶ ἐκληρονόμησεν Ισραηλ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν τοῦ Αμορραίου τοῦ κατοικοῦντος ἐν τῇ γῇ |
καὶ παρέδωκε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ᾿Ισραὴλ τὸν Σηὼν καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν χειρὶ ᾿Ισραήλ, καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτόν· καὶ ἐκληρονόμησεν ᾿Ισραὴλ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν τοῦ ᾿Αμμοραίου τοῦ κατοικοῦντος τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην |
Judges 11:21 (NETS)
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Judges 11:21 (English Elpenor)
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And the Lord, the God of Israel, gave Seon and all his people in the hand of Israel, and he struck them down, and Israel inherited all the land of the Amorrite who inhabited the land. |
And the Lord God of Israel delivered Seon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote him; and Israel inherited all the land of the Amorite who dwelt in that land, |
Judges 11:22 (Tanakh) |
Judges 11:22 (KJV) |
Judges 11:22 (NET)
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And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. |
And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. |
They took all the Amorite territory from the Arnon River on the south to the Jabbok River on the north, from the desert in the east to the Jordan in the west. |
Judges 11:23 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:23 (KJV) |
Judges 11:23 (NET)
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So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? |
So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? |
Since the Lord God of Israel has driven out the Amorites before his people Israel, do you think you can just take it from them? |
Judges 11:24 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:24 (KJV) |
Judges 11:24 (NET)
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Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possess. |
Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possess. |
You have the right to take what Chemosh your god gives you, but we will take the land of all whom the Lord our God has driven out before us. |
Judges 11:25 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:25 (KJV) |
Judges 11:25 (NET)
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And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them, |
And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them, |
Are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Did he dare to quarrel with Israel? Did he dare to fight with them? |
Judges 11:26 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:26 (KJV) |
Judges 11:26 (NET)
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While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time? |
While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time? |
Israel has been living in Heshbon and its nearby towns, in Aroer and its nearby towns, and in all the cities along the Arnon for 300 years! Why did you not reclaim them during that time? |
Judges 11:27 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:27 (KJV) |
Judges 11:27 (NET)
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Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon. |
Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon. |
I have not done you wrong, but you are doing wrong by attacking me. May the Lord, the Judge, judge this day between the Israelites and the Ammonites!’” |
Judges 11:27 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ ἐγὼ οὐχ ἥμαρτόν σοι καὶ σὺ ποιεῗς μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ πονηρίαν τοῦ πολεμῆσαι ἐν ἐμοί κρίναι κύριος ὁ κρίνων σήμερον ἀνὰ μέσον υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον υἱῶν Αμμων |
καὶ νῦν ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτόν σοι, καὶ σὺ ποιεῖς μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ πονηρίαν τοῦ παρατάξασθαι ἐν ἐμοί· κρίναι Κύριος ὁ κρίνων σήμερον ἀνὰ μέσον υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον υἱῶν ᾿Αμμών |
Judges 11:27 (NETS)
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Judges 11:27 (English Elpenor)
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And as for me, I have not sinned against you, and you are the one who does evil against me, to make war against me. May the Lord, who is judging, judge today between the sons of Israel and between the sons of Ammon.” |
And now I have not sinned against thee, but thou wrongest me in preparing war against me: may the Lord the Judge judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon. |
Judges 11:28 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:28 (KJV) |
Judges 11:28 (NET)
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Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him. |
Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him. |
But the Ammonite king disregarded the message sent by Jephthah. |
Judges 11:32 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:32 (KJV) |
Judges 11:32 (NET)
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So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands. |
So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands. |
Jephthah approached the Ammonites to fight with them, and the Lord handed them over to him. |
Judges 11:33 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:33 (KJV) |
Judges 11:33 (NET)
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And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel. |
And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel. |
He defeated them from Aroer all the way to Minnith—20 cities in all, even as far as Abel Keramim. He wiped them out! The Israelites humiliated the Ammonites. |
Numbers 30:2 (Tanakh)
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Numbers 30:1 (KJV) |
Numbers 30:1 (NET)
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And Moses spoke unto the heads of the tribes of the children of Israel, saying: This is the thing which HaShem hath commanded. |
And Moses spake unto the heads of the tribes concerning the children of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded. |
Moses told the leaders of the tribes concerning the Israelites, “This is what the Lord has commanded: |
Judges 11:34 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:34 (KJV) |
Judges 11:34 (NET)
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And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. |
And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. |
When Jephthah came home to Mizpah, there was his daughter hurrying out to meet him, dancing to the rhythm of tambourines. She was his only child; except for her he had no son or daughter. |
Judges 11:34 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ ἦλθεν Ιεφθαε εἰς Μασσηφα εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ ἐξεπορεύετο εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτοῦ ἐν τυμπάνοις καὶ χοροῗς καὶ αὕτη μονογενὴς αὐτῷ ἀγαπητή καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ πλὴν αὐτῆς υἱὸς ἢ θυγάτηρ |
Καὶ ἦλθεν ᾿Ιεφθάε εἰς Μασσηφὰ εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ ἐξεπορεύετο εἰς ὑπάντησιν ἐν τυμπάνοις καὶ χοροῖς· καὶ αὕτη ἦν μονογενής, οὐκ ἦν αὐτῷ ἕτερος υἱὸς ἢ θυγάτηρ |
Judges 11:34 (NETS)
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Judges 11:34 (English Elpenor)
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And Iephthae came to Massepha, to his home, and see, his daughter was coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dancing. And she was his beloved only child, and he had no son or daughter except her. |
And Jephthae came to Massepha to his house; and behold, his daughter came forth to meet him with timbrels and dances; and she was his only child, he had not another son or daughter. |
Judges 11:35 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:35 (KJV) |
Judges 11:35 (NET)
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And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back. |
And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back. |
When he saw her, he ripped his clothes and said, “Oh no! My daughter! You have completely ruined me! You have brought me disaster! I made an oath to the Lord, and I cannot break it.” |
Judges 11:35 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:35 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡνίκα εἶδεν αὐτήν καὶ διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν οἴμμοι θύγατέρ μου ἐμπεποδοστάτηκάς με εἰς σκῶλον ἐγένου ἐν ὀφθαλμοῗς μου ἐγὼ δὲ ἤνοιξα τὸ στόμα μου περὶ σοῦ πρὸς κύριον καὶ οὐ δυνήσομαι ἀποστρέψαι |
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἶδεν αὐτὴν αὐτός, διέρρηξε τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· ἆ ἆ, θυγάτηρ μου, ταραχῇ ἐτάραξάς με καὶ σὺ ἦς ἐν τῷ ταράχῳ μου, καὶ ἐγώ εἰμι ἤνοιξα κατὰ σοῦ τὸ στόμα μου πρὸς Κύριον καὶ οὐ δυνήσομαι ἀποστρέψαι |
Judges 11:35 (NETS)
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Judges 11:35 (English Elpenor)
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And it came about, when he saw her that he tore his clothes and said, “Alas, my daughter! You have got in my way; you have become for a thorn in my eyes. But I opened my mouth about you to the Lord, and I cannot turn away.” |
And it came to pass when he saw her, that he rent his garments, and said, Ah, ah, my daughter, thou hast indeed troubled me, and thou wast the cause of my trouble; and I have opened my mouth against thee to the Lord, and I shall not be able to return from it. |
Judges 11:37 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:37 (KJV) |
Judges 11:37 (NET)
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And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows. |
And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows. |
She then said to her father, “Please grant me this one wish. For two months allow me to walk through the hills with my friends and mourn my virginity.” |
Judges 11:37 (Septuagint BLB)
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Judges 11:37 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτῆς καὶ ποίησόν μοι τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο ἔασόν με δύο μῆνας καὶ πορεύσομαι καὶ καταβήσομαι ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ κλαύσομαι ἐπὶ τὰ παρθένιά μου καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ αἱ συνεταιρίδες μου |
καὶ ἥδε εἶπε πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτῆς· ποιησάτω δὴ ὁ πατήρ μου τὸν λόγον τοῦτον· ἔασόν με δύο μῆνας, καὶ πορεύσομαι καὶ καταβήσομαι ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ κλαύσομαι ἐπὶ τὰ παρθένιά μου, ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ αἱ συνεταιρίδες μου |
Judges 11:37 (NETS)
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Judges 11:37 (English Elpenor)
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And she said to her father, “Also, do this word for me: Grant me two months, and I will go and descend on the mountains and bewail my virginity, both I and my companions.” |
And she said to her father, Let my father now do this thing: let me alone for two months, and I will go up and down on the mountains, and I will bewail my virginity, I and my companions. |
Judges 11:38 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:38 (KJV) |
Judges 11:38 (NET)
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And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains. |
And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains. |
He said, “You may go.” He permitted her to leave for two months. She went with her friends and mourned her virginity as she walked through the hills. |
Judges 11:39 (Tanakh)
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Judges 11:39 (KJV) |
Judges 11:39 (NET)
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And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel, |
And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel, |
After two months she returned to her father, and he did to her as he had vowed. She died a virgin. Her tragic death gave rise to a custom in Israel. |
Leviticus 5:4 (Tanakh)
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Leviticus 5:4 (KJV) |
Leviticus 5:4 (NET)
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or if any one swear clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath, and it be hid from him; and, when he knoweth of it, be guilty in one of these things; |
Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these. |
or when a person swears an oath, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, whether to do evil or to do good, with regard to anything which the individual might speak thoughtlessly in an oath, even if he did not realize it, but he has later come to know it and is guilty with regard to one of these oaths— |
Leviticus 5:4 (Septuagint BLB)
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Leviticus 5:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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ἢ ψυχή ἡ ἂν ὀμόσῃ διαστέλλουσα τοῗς χείλεσιν κακοποιῆσαι ἢ καλῶς ποιῆσαι κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν διαστείλῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος μεθ᾽ ὅρκου καὶ λάθῃ αὐτὸν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν καὶ οὗτος γνῷ καὶ ἁμάρτῃ ἕν τι τούτων |
ἡ ψυχή, ἣ ἂν ὀμόσῃ διαστέλλουσα τοῖς χείλεσι κακοποιῆσαι ἢ καλῶς ποιῆσαι κατὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἐὰν διαστείλῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος μεθ᾿ ὅρκου, καὶ λάθῃ αὐτὸν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν, καὶ οὗτος γνῷ, καὶ ἁμάρτῃ ἕν τι τούτων, |
Leviticus 5:4 (NETS)
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Leviticus 5:4 (English Elpenor)
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or a soul who swears, determining with his lips to do evil or to do good, in any way that the person may speak forcefully by an oath, and if it excapes the notice of his eyes and if he comes to know it and should sin in any one of these, |
That unrighteous soul, which determines with his lips to do evil or to do good according to whatsoever a man may determine with an oath, and it shall have escaped his notice, and he shall [afterwards] know [it], and [so] he should sin in some one of these things: |
Leviticus 5:5 (Tanakh)
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Leviticus 5:5 (KJV) |
Leviticus 5:5 (NET)
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and it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that wherein he hath sinned; |
And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing: |
when an individual becomes guilty with regard to one of these things he must confess how he has sinned, |
Leviticus 5:6 (Tanakh)
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Leviticus 5:6 (KJV) |
Leviticus 5:6 (NET)
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and he shall bring his forfeit unto HaShem for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin-offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him as concerning his sin. |
And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin. |
and he must bring his penalty for guilt to the Lord for his sin that he has committed—a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement on his behalf for his sin. |
Leviticus 5:6 (Septuagint BLB)
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Leviticus 5:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
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καὶ οἴσει περὶ ὧν ἐπλημμέλησεν κυρίῳ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἧς ἥμαρτεν θῆλυ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων ἀμνάδα ἢ χίμαιραν ἐξ αἰγῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ ἱερεὺς περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ ἧς ἥμαρτεν καὶ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ ἡ ἁμαρτία |
καὶ οἴσει περὶ ὧν ἐπλημμέλησε Κυρίῳ, περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἧς ἥμαρτε, θῆλυ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων, ἀμνάδα ἢ χίμαιραν ἐξ αἰγῶν, περὶ ἁμαρτίας· καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ ἱερεὺς περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ, ἧς ἥμαρτε, καὶ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ ἡ ἁμαρτία |
Leviticus 5:6 (NETS)
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Leviticus 5:6 (English Elpenor)
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And he shall bring to the Lord for whatever he has done amiss, for the sin that he has committed, a female from the sheep—a lamb, or a young nanny goat for sin. And the priest shall make atonement for him, for his sin that he has committed, and the sin will be forgiven him. |
And he shall bring for his transgressions against the Lord, for his sin which he has sinned, a ewe lamb of the flock, or a kid of the goats, for a sin-offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he has sinned, and his sin shall be forgiven him. |