Hannah’s Prayer, Part 5

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, Hannah’s prayer continued, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail.[1]  Only the third clause gets any corroboration from the Septuagint.  I’ll examine the first two clauses in detail using Morfix online.

Morfix translates contemporary Hebrew, not necessarily or exclusively biblical Hebrew, but it’s the online source I’ve found to begin to get a handle on Hebrew homographs.  I copied the Hebrew word from the Engish/Hebrew Tanakh on Chabad.org.  If I got no result when I pasted it into Morfix I tried the same word (without vowel points) from the NET parallel Hebrew.  (I’m assuming for the moment the failure has something to do with the way my copy/paste function handles vowel points.)

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9a (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9a (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9a (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9a (Elpenor English)

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, He watches over his holy ones, “Granting the prayer to the one who prays, granting his petition to him that prays;

1 Samuel 2:9a

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
רַגְלֵ֚י the feet רֶגֶל leg; stem (of a goblet, wineglass); foot; (prosody) meter; ברגל – on foot, by foot
רֶגֶל (Jewish ritual) each of the three pilgrimage festivals (Sukkot, Passover, or Shavuot); (biblical) time, occasion
רִגֵּל to spy; to tail, to shadow
חֲסִידָיו֙ of his holy ones חָסִיד Hassid (follower of a Hassidic sect); follower of, aficionado, “fan”, devotee; (literary) devout person, God-fearing person, religiously observant person; righteous, pious, kind
כתיב כְּתִיב spelling[2]
חֲסִידָו֙ חסידו N/A
ישמר יִשְׁמֹ֔ר He will keep שִׁמֵּר to preserve; to maintain
שָׁמַר to guard; to safeguard; to watch, to supervise; to keep, to maintain; to observe (rules)
נִשְׁמַר to be kept, to be safeguarded; to be maintained; to be saved, to be reserved; to be observed, to be fulfilled (a rule, regulation, directive)
שֻׁמַּר to be preserved, to be pickled

There doesn’t appear to be any way to derive granting his petition to him that prays from Hebrew homographs of the Masoretic text.  I note that He will keep the feet of His holy ones might be considered a more general analog relative to the specificity of granting his petition to him that prays to Hannah’s own circumstance (1 Samuel 1:10-20).

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9b (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9b (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9 (Elpenor English)

but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, and he blesses the years of the righteous,

1 Samuel 2:9b

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
ורשעים וּרְשָׁעִ֖ים but the wicked רָשָׁע evil person; criminal
בחשך בַּח֣שֶׁךְ in darkness חֹשֶׁךְ darkness; evil, forces of darkness
חָשֵׁךְ (flowery) dark, gloomy, lifeless
ידמו יִדָּ֑מּוּ shall be put to silence דָּמָה to resemble; (flowery) to seem, to appear
דִּמָּה to imagine; to conceptualize, to visualize; to compare
הִדְמָה to simulate
הִדַּמָּה to model oneself on, to copy, to ape; (phonetics) to be assimilated
דָּמַם (literary) to silence, to quieten; (literary) to cease moving, to stand still
נָדַם (literary) to be silent, to be silenced, to be quiet
נִדְמָה to resemble, to be similar to

Again, it doesn’t seem possible to derive and he blesses the years of the righteous from homographs of the Hebrew of the Masoretic text.  I note that but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness is the logical inverse of and he blesses the years of the righteous, contrasting the death of the wicked to the life of the righteous.  Someone made a deliberate change, but whom?

He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill; to seat him with the princes of the people, and causing them to inherit the throne of glory (Table): granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail (Table).[3]  This certainly directs my thoughts to Jesus, specifically his petition: Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.[4]

The same verses from the Masoretic text, not so much: He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them (Table). He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail (Table).[5]

When I consider that the Masoretes’ attempt “to decipher the authentic word of God and eliminate the dissimilarities” of the “many disparities of the Torah [that] emerged as countless scribes wrote numerous scrolls” was guided by “their ultimate goal…to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people,”[6] I think the Septuagint may be more original here.  The translation—but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness—is somewhat clever.  But it scarcely hides the Masoretes’ profound wish that the wicked shall be cut off in darkness,[7] if the wicked are understood as those pesky believers who kept finding Jesus in the Hebrew Scriptures.  As such, it provides a tacit acknowledgement that petition was original here, a petition that was not being granted even as Hannah asserted that the Lord is granting his petition to him that prays.

The entire verse reads:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9 (Elpenor English)

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail. He watches over his holy ones, but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails. “Granting the prayer to the one who prays, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, because not by strength is a man mighty. granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail.

If you remain in me and my words remain in you, Jesus promised, ask whatever you want, and it will be done for you.  My Father is honored by this, that you bear much fruit and show that you are my disciples.[8]

Hannah continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10 (Elpenor English)

They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. The Lord shatters his adversaries; he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.” The Lord will make his adversary weak; the Lord is holy.  Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land.  The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord will weaken his adversary; the Lord [is] holy.  Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.  And she left him [e.g., Samuel] there before the Lord,

I’ll consider each part of this verse in turn.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10a (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10a (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10a (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10a (Elpenor English)

They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; The Lord shatters his adversaries; The Lord will make his adversary weak; The Lord will weaken his adversary;

1 Samuel 2:10a

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
יהוה יְהֹוָ֞ה HaShem יְהֹוָה (biblical) Jehovah, God, the Lord
הִוָּה to constitute
יחתו יֵחַ֣תּוּ shall be broken to pieces חָתָה to stir (fire), to rake (coals)
חַת (flowery) to be afraid, to be terrified
נִחַת (biblical) to be horrified, to be terrified
מריביו מְרִיבָ֗יו N/A
כתיב כְּתִיב spelling[9]
מְרִיבָ֗ו They that strive with רִיב quarrel, argument, dispute
רֵיְב rave (large dancing party)

Morfix wasn’t much help for an understanding of יֵחַ֣תּוּ (shall be broken to pieces).  I copied and pasted the form חָתַת from Strong’s Concordance and Morfix came up with “(literary) fear, terror.”  Strong’s definition of חָתַת (châthath) reads: “A primitive root; properly to prostrate; hence to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear.”  And the NET reads: “1) to go down, descend 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go down, descend 1a2) to descend, descend into (chastisement) (fig.) 1b) (Niphal) to come down into, penetrate 1c) (Piel) to cause to descend, press down, stretch (a bow) 1d) (Hiphil) to bring down.”

Moses said: Behold, HaShem thy G-d hath set the land before thee; go up, take possession (Hebrews 3:7-4:11), as HaShem, the G-d of thy fathers, hath spoken unto thee; fear not, neither be dismayed[10] (תֵּחָֽת).  But the rabbis’ chose δειλιάσητε (a form of δειλιάω: to be afraid, fear, be fearful; to be timid, be cowardly) in this context rather than ἀσθενῆ (a form of ἀσθενής: weak, powerless; weak and easily defeated; sick, ill, unhealthy; physically weak, feeble, miserable; morally weak; weak in influence, without influence; structurally weak {e.g., weak stones unable to support}).

As I meditate on the meaning of these words I can’t help but recall Paul’s letter to believers in Philippi (Philippians 2:5-11 NET):

You should have the same attitude[11] toward one another that Christ Jesus had, who though he existed in the form of God did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped, but[12] emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature.  He humbled himself, by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross!  As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow—in heaven and on earth and under the earth—and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.

To an unbeliever this is a dreadful fate reserved for one’s worst enemies.  To a believer this is the wisdom and power of God unto salvation as He transfigures his adversary (ἀντίδικον), one adversary at a time into his sons.  Again, Paul wrote to believers in Corinth (2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 NET):

But [the Lord] said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my[13] power is made perfect[14] in weakness (ἀσθενείᾳ).”  So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses (ἀσθενείαις), so that the power of Christ may reside in me.  Therefore I am content with weaknesses (ἀσθενείαις), with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and[15] difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak (ἀσθενῶ), then I am strong.

Hannah’s prayer continued in the Septuagint:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10b (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10b (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10b (Elpenor English)

the Lord is holy. the Lord [is] holy.

Here I was reminded of David’s words:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (NET) 1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (Elpenor English)

Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: King David rose to his feet and said: “Listen to me, my brothers and my people.  I wanted to build a temple where the ark of the Lord’s covenant could be placed as a footstool for our God.  I have made the preparations for building it. And Dauid stood in the midst of the assembly and said, “Here me, my brothers and people.  It was in my heart to build a house of repose for the ark of the covenant of the Lord and a station for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared the materials for the encamping. And David stood in the midst of the assembly, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: it was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and a place for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared [materials] suitable for the building:
But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said to me, ‘You must not build a temple to honor me, for you are a warrior and have spilled blood.’ And God said, ‘You shall not build me a house for my name to be called upon it, because you have been a person of war and have spilled blood.’ but God said, Thou shalt not build me a house to call my name upon it, for thou art a man of war, and hast shed blood.

Frankly, David’s words haven’t helped me distinguish whether the Masoretes were discomforted by They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces and removed the Lord [is] holy, or whether the rabbis who translated The Lord will weaken his adversary felt that the Lord [is] holy was needed as an editorial comment.  Perhaps it’s here to remind me what it’s like when the Masoretic text and Septuagint are in agreement before I move on.  Hannah’s prayer continued in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10c (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10c (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10c (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c (Elpenor English)

Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land. Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.

The first part of this is virtually identical to a passage in Jeremiah.  There are some word substitutions which scarcely alter the meaning of the text.

1 Samuel 2:10c-1 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:10c-1 (Septuagint Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ

1 Reigns 2:10c-1 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c-1 (English Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:23 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:23 (English Elpenor)

Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; Let not the wise boast in his wisdom, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the strong man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth;

The second part is more provocative.  In Hannah’s prayer the boast is: to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  In Jeremiah’s prophecy the boast is: that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD.[16]

1 Samuel 2:10c-2 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:10c-2 (Septuagint Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν κύριον καὶ ποιεῗν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν Κύριον καὶ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου λέγει κύριος ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνίειν καὶ γινώσκεν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου, λέγει Κύριος

1 Reigns 2:10c-2 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c-2 (English Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:24 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:24 (English Elpenor)

but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land. but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth. But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows that I am the Lord when I do mercy and justice and righteousness in the earth, because in these things is my will, says the Lord. but let him that boasts boast in this, the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.

I lean toward the idea that these words were removed by the Masoretes.  Translators have a different mission entirely: “We added a couple of cleverly edited verses from Jeremiah to make it appear that these concepts were prayed by a woman centuries earlier,” is not really part of a translator’s job description.  The Masoretes’ “ultimate goal…to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people,” “to decipher the authentic word of God and eliminate the dissimilarities” of the “many disparities of the Torah”[17] seems more promising.  Jeremiah continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (NET) Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (Elpenor English)

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; The Lord says, “Watch out!  The time is soon coming when I will punish all those who are circumcised only in the flesh. Behold, days are coming,says the Lord, and I will visit on all circumcised their foreskin: Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will visit upon all the circumcised their uncircumcision;
Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples.  I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the Lord’s sight.  Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts.” on Egypt and on Judea and on Edom and on the sons of Ammon and on the sons of Moab and on every one who shaves all around what is on his face, those who live in the wilderness, because all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their heart. on Egypt, and on Idumea, and on Edom, and on the children of Ammon, and on the children of Moab, and on every one that shaves his face round about, [even] them that dwell in the wilderness; for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised in flesh, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised [in] their hearts.

In Hannah’s prayer the ones who boast to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land were apparently descendants of Israel.  In the reprise of these concepts in Jeremiah’s prophecy it is more doubtful that they possessed the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.  So if deleting one or the other was the order of the day, why not delete the instance in Jeremiah?

Jeremiah’s prophecy has come to pass.  It is an indelible part of Israel’s history.  Hannah’s prayer is not yet fulfilled, and won’t be until descendants of Israel in Jerusalem say, Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord![18]

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Zechariah 12:10 (Tanakh) Zechariah 12:10 (NET) Zechariah 12:10 (NETS)

Zechariah 12:10 (Elpenor English)

And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced (דָּקָ֑רוּ), and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced (דקרו).  They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. And I will pour out a spirit of grace and compassion on the house of Dauid and on the inhabitants of Ierousalem, and they shall look to me because they have danced triumphantly (κατωρχήσαντο), and they shall mourn for him with a mourning as for a loved one, and they shall be pained with pain as for a firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have mocked (κατωρχήσαντο) [me], and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved [friend], and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn [son].

Morfix Translation

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
דקרו דָּקָ֑רוּ pierced דָּקַר to stab, to prick; (colloquial) to annoy, to irritate, to get someone’s goat
דֶּקֶר pick (noun); (military) probe, prodder; (fencing) epee
דִּקֵּר to puncture
דַּקָּר grouper (fish), Jaffa cod

I’m not sure how early “to annoy, to irritate, to get someone’s goat” became a colloquial meaning of דָּקַר, but it does help to explain the rabbis’ choice κατωρχήσαντο: “to mock; to dance in triumph over; to treat spitefully” according to the Koine Greek Lexicon.  From κατωρχήσαντο it’s not too hard to see how English translators of the Elpenor Septuagint with a Christian bias chose they have mocked while the BLB had the more Jewish interpretation: “they have danced triumphantly.”  As I wrote in another essay: “The translators of the Septuagint couldn’t imagine a scenario in which yehôvâh (יהוה) could be pierced.”  At least this verse of the Septuagint was not a hoax perpetrated by lying Christian apologists.[19]

Hannah’s prayer continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10d (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10d (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10d (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10d (Elpenor English)

against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.” The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.

There was no mention that the The Lord “ascended” or has gone up (ἀνέβη) to the heavens in the Masoretic text.  That would be way too reminiscent of Luke’s account (Acts 1:6-11 NET):

So when they had gathered together, they began to ask him, “Lord, is this the time when you are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” [Table]  He told them, “You are not permitted to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority.  But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts of the earth.” [Table]  After he had said this, while they were watching, he was lifted up (ἐπήρθη) and a cloud hid him from their sight.  As they were still staring into the sky while he was going, suddenly two men in white clothing[20] stood near them and said,[21] “Men of Galilee, why do you stand here looking up into the sky? This same Jesus who has been taken up (ἀναλημφθεὶς) from you into heaven will come back in the same way you saw him go into heaven.”

I’ll finish this in other essay.  A table comparing Jesus’ quotation in Matthew 23:39 to the Septuagint follows:

Matthew 23:39b (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 118:26a (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 117:26a (Septuagint Elpenor)

εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου

Matthew 23:39b (NET)

Psalm 117:26a (NETS)

Psalm 117:26a (English Elpenor)

Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord. Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord:

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:9; 2:10; Deuteronmy 1:21; 1 Chronicles 28:2; 28:3; Jeremiah 9:23; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Psalm 118:26 and Zechariah 12:10 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:9; 2:10; Deuteronomy 1:21; 1 Chronicles (Supplements) 28:2; 28:3; Jeremiah 923; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Psalm 118:26 (117:26) and Zechariah 12:10 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these are tables comparing Philippians 2:5; 2:7; 2 Corinthians12:9, 10 and Acts 1:10, 11 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9 (KJV) 1 Samuel 2:9 (NET)
He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail. He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. He watches over his holy ones, but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails.
1 Samuel 2:9 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Kings 2:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
διδοὺς εὐχὴν τῷ εὐχομένῳ καὶ εὐλόγησεν ἔτη δικαίου ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ἰσχύι δυνατὸς ἀνήρ διδοὺς εὐχὴν τῷ εὐχομένῳ καὶ εὐλόγησεν ἔτη δικαίου· ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ἰσχύϊ δυνατὸς ἀνήρ
1 Reigns 2:9 (NETS) 1 Kings 2:9 (English Elpenor)
“Granting the prayer to the one who prays, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, because not by strength is a man mighty. granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail.
1 Samuel 2:10 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10 (KJV) 1 Samuel 2:10 (NET)
They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed. The Lord shatters his adversaries; he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.”
1 Samuel 2:10 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Kings 2:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κύριος ἀσθενῆ ποιήσει ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ κύριος ἅγιος μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν κύριον καὶ ποιεῗν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς κύριος ἀνέβη εἰς οὐρανοὺς καὶ ἐβρόντησεν αὐτὸς κρινεῗ ἄκρα γῆς καὶ δίδωσιν ἰσχὺν τοῗς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ Κύριος ἀσθενῆ ποιήσει ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ, Κύριος ἅγιος. μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν Κύριον καὶ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς. Κύριος ἀνέβη εἰς οὐρανοὺς καὶ ἐβρόντησεν, αὐτὸς κρινεῖ ἄκρα γῆς, καὶ δίδωσιν ἰσχὺν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
1 Reigns 2:10 (NETS) 1 Kings 2:10 (English Elpenor)
The Lord will make his adversary weak; the Lord is holy.  Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land.  The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord will weaken his adversary; the Lord [is] holy.  Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.
Deuteronomy 1:21 (Tanakh) Deuteronomy 1:21 (KJV) Deuteronomy 1:21 (NET)
Behold, HaShem thy G-d hath set the land before thee; go up, take possession, as HaShem, the G-d of thy fathers, hath spoken unto thee; fear not, neither be dismayed.’ Behold, the LORD thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and possess it, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged. Look, he has placed the land in front of you!  Go up, take possession of it, just as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to do.  Do not be afraid or discouraged!”
Deuteronomy 1:21 (Septuagint BLB) Deuteronomy 1:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἴδετε παραδέδωκεν ὑμῗν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὴν γῆν ἀναβάντες κληρονομήσατε ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ὑμῗν μὴ φοβεῗσθε μηδὲ δειλιάσητε ἴδετε, παραδέδωκεν ἡμῖν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὴν γῆν· ἀναβάντες κληρονομήσατε, ὃν τρόπον εἶπε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ὑμῖν· μὴ φοβεῖσθε μηδὲ δειλιάσητε
Deuteronomy 1:21 (NETS) Deuteronomy 1:21 (English Elpenor)
See, the Lord your God has given over to you the land before you.  After you have gone up, inherit, as the Lord, the God of your fathers, said to you; do not fear, neither be afraid.” behold, the Lord your God has delivered to us the land before you: go up and inherit it as the Lord God of your fathers said to you; fear not, neither be afraid.
1 Chronicles 28:2 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (KJV) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (NET)
Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: King David rose to his feet and said: “Listen to me, my brothers and my people.  I wanted to build a temple where the ark of the Lord’s covenant could be placed as a footstool for our God.  I have made the preparations for building it.
1 Chronicles 28:2 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔστη Δαυιδ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ εἶπεν ἀκούσατέ μου ἀδελφοὶ καὶ λαός μου ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ καρδίαν οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον ἀναπαύσεως τῆς κιβωτοῦ διαθήκης κυρίου καὶ στάσιν ποδῶν κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ ἡτοίμασα τὰ εἰς τὴν κατασκήνωσιν ἐπιτήδεια καὶ ἔστη Δαυὶδ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ εἶπεν· ἀκούσατέ μου, ἀδελφοί μου καὶ λαός μου. ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ καρδίαν οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον ἀναπαύσεως τῆς κιβωτοῦ διαθήκης Κυρίου καὶ στάσιν ποδῶν Κυρίου ἡμῶν, καὶ ἡτοίμασα τὰ εἰς τὴν κατασκήνωσιν ἐπιτήδεια
1 Supplements 28:2 (NETS) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid stood in the midst of the assembly and said, “Here me, my brothers and people.  It was in my heart to build a house of repose for the ark of the covenant of the Lord and a station for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared the materials for the encamping. And David stood in the midst of the assembly, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: it was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and a place for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared [materials] suitable for the building:
1 Chronicles 28:3 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (KJV) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (NET)
But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said to me, ‘You must not build a temple to honor me, for you are a warrior and have spilled blood.’
1 Chronicles 28:3 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις ἐμοὶ οἶκον τοῦ ἐπονομάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ὅτι ἄνθρωπος πολεμιστὴς εἶ σὺ καὶ αἵματα ἐξέχεας καὶ ὁ Θεὸς εἶπεν· οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις ἐμοὶ οἶκον τοῦ ἐπονομάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος πολεμιστὴς εἶ σὺ καὶ αἷμα ἐξέχεας
1 Supplements 28:3 (NETS) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (English Elpenor)
And God said, ‘You shall not build me a house for my name to be called upon it, because you have been a person of war and have spilled blood.’ but God said, Thou shalt not build me a house to call my name upon it, for thou art a man of war, and hast shed blood.
Jeremiah 9:23 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:23 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:23 (NET)
Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: The Lord says, “Wise people should not boast that they are wise.  Powerful people should not boast that they are powerful.  Rich people should not boast that they are rich.
Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τάδε λέγει κύριος μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ Τάδε λέγει Κύριος· μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ
Jeremiah 9:23 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:23 (English Elpenor)
This is what the Lord says: Let not the wise boast in his wisdom, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the strong man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth;
Jeremiah 9:24 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:24 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:24 (NET)
But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. If people want to boast, they should boast about this: They should boast that they understand and know me. They should boast that they know and understand that I, the Lord, act out of faithfulness, fairness, and justice in the earth and that I desire people to do these things,” says the Lord.
Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου λέγει κύριος ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνίειν καὶ γινώσκεν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου, λέγει Κύριος
Jeremiah 9:24 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:24 (English Elpenor)
But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows that I am the Lord when I do mercy and justice and righteousness in the earth, because in these things is my will, says the Lord. but let him that boasts boast in this, the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.
Jeremiah 9:25 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:25 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:25 (NET)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; The Lord says, “Watch out!  The time is soon coming when I will punish all those who are circumcised only in the flesh.
Jeremiah 9:25 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται λέγει κύριος καὶ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπὶ πάντας περιτετμημένους ἀκροβυστίας αὐτῶν ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπὶ πάντας περιτετμημένους ἀκροβυστίας αὐτῶν
Jeremiah 9:25 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:25 (English Elpenor)
Behold, days are coming,says the Lord, and I will visit on all circumcised their foreskin: Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will visit upon all the circumcised their uncircumcision;
Jeremiah 9:26 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:26 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:26 (NET)
Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples.  I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the Lord’s sight.  Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts.”
Jeremiah 9:26 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπ᾽ Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Ιουδαίαν καὶ ἐπὶ Εδωμ καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Αμμων καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Μωαβ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα περικειρόμενον τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἀπερίτμητα σαρκί καὶ πᾶς οἶκος Ισραηλ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπὶ ᾿Ιδουμαίαν καὶ ἐπὶ ᾿Εδὼμ καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς ᾿Αμμὼν καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Μωὰβ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα περικειρόμενον τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἀπερίτμητα σαρκί, καὶ πᾶς οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίας αὐτῶν
Jeremiah 9:26 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:26 (English Elpenor)
on Egypt and on Judea and on Edom and on the sons of Ammon and on the sons of Moab and on every one who shaves all around what is on his face, those who live in the wilderness, because all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their heart. on Egypt, and on Idumea, and on Edom, and on the children of Ammon, and on the children of Moab, and on every one that shaves his face round about, [even] them that dwell in the wilderness; for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised in flesh, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised [in] their hearts.
Psalm 118:26 (Tanakh) Psalm 118:26 (KJV) Psalm 118:26 (NET)
Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. May the one who comes in the name of the Lord be blessed.  We will pronounce blessings on you in the Lord’s temple.
Psalm 118:26 (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 117:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογήκαμεν ὑμᾶς ἐξ οἴκου κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου· εὐλογήκαμεν ὑμᾶς ἐξ οἴκου Κυρίου
Psalm 117:26 (NETS) Psalm 117:26 (English Elpenor)
Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord.  We bless you from the house of the Lord. Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord: we have blessed you out of the house of the Lord.
Zechariah 12:10 (Tanakh) Zechariah 12:10 (KJV) Zechariah 12:10 (NET)
And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn.
Zechariah 12:10 (Septuagint BLB) Zechariah 12:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκχεῶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Δαυιδ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιερουσαλημ πνεῦμα χάριτος καὶ οἰκτιρμοῦ καὶ ἐπιβλέψονται πρός με ἀνθ᾽ ὧν κατωρχήσαντο καὶ κόψονται ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν κοπετὸν ὡς ἐπ᾽ ἀγαπητὸν καὶ ὀδυνηθήσονται ὀδύνην ὡς ἐπὶ πρωτοτόκῳ καὶ ἐκχεῶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Δαυὶδ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ πνεῦμα χάριτος καὶ οἰκτιρμοῦ, καὶ ἐπιβλέψονται πρός με ἀνθ᾿ ὧν κατωρχήσαντο καὶ κόψονται ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν κοπετόν, ὡς ἐπ᾿ ἀγαπητῷ, καὶ ὀδυνηθήσονται ὀδύνην ὡς ἐπὶ τῷ πρωτοτόκῳ
Zechariah 12:10 (NETS) Zechariah 12:10 (English Elpenor)
And I will pour out a spirit of grace and compassion on the house of Dauid and on the inhabitants of Ierousalem, and they shall look to me because they have danced triumphantly, and they shall mourn for him with a mourning as for a loved one, and they shall be pained with pain as for a firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have mocked [me], and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved [friend], and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn [son].
Philippians 2:5 (NET) Philippians 2:5 (KJV)
You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
Τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τουτο γαρ φρονεισθω εν υμιν ο και εν χριστω ιησου τουτο γαρ φρονεισθω εν υμιν ο και εν χριστω ιησου
Philippians 2:7 (NET) Philippians 2:7 (KJV)
but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature. But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ἀλλὰ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν μορφὴν δούλου λαβών, ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος· καὶ σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος [This clause begins verse 8 in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.] αλλ εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος αλλ εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος
2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 (NET) 2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 (KJV)
But he said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.”  So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may reside in me. And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.  Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ εἴρηκεν μοι· ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου, ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται. ἥδιστα οὖν μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις |μου|, ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις μου εν ασθενεια τελειουται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις μου ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις μου εν ασθενεια τελειουται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις μου ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου
Therefore I am content with weaknesses, with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak, then I am strong. Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ’s sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
διὸ εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ· ὅταν γὰρ ἀσθενῶ, τότε δυνατός εἰμι διο ευδοκω εν ασθενειαις εν υβρεσιν εν αναγκαις εν διωγμοις εν στενοχωριαις υπερ χριστου οταν γαρ ασθενω τοτε δυνατος ειμι διο ευδοκω εν ασθενειαις εν υβρεσιν εν αναγκαις εν διωγμοις εν στενοχωριαις υπερ χριστου οταν γαρ ασθενω τοτε δυνατος ειμι
Acts 1:10, 11 (NET) Acts 1:10, 11 (KJV)
As they were still staring into the sky while he was going, suddenly two men in white clothing stood near them And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ὡς ἀτενίζοντες ἦσαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν πορευομένου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες δύο παρειστήκεισαν αὐτοῖς ἐν ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς και ως ατενιζοντες ησαν εις τον ουρανον πορευομενου αυτου και ιδου ανδρες δυο παρειστηκεισαν αυτοις εν εσθητι λευκη και ως ατενιζοντες ησαν εις τον ουρανον πορευομενου αυτου και ιδου ανδρες δυο παρειστηκεισαν αυτοις εν εσθητι λευκη
and said, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand here looking up into the sky?  This same Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will come back in the same way you saw him go into heaven.” Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
οἳ καὶ εἶπαν· ἄνδρες Γαλιλαῖοι, τί ἑστήκατε [ἐμ]βλέποντες εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; οὗτος ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὁ ἀναλημφθεὶς ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν οὕτως ἐλεύσεται ὃν τρόπον ἐθεάσασθε αὐτὸν πορευόμενον εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν οι και ειπον ανδρες γαλιλαιοι τι εστηκατε εμβλεποντες εις τον ουρανον ουτος ο ιησους ο αναληφθεις αφ υμων εις τον ουρανον ουτως ελευσεται ον τροπον εθεασασθε αυτον πορευομενον εις τον ουρανον οι και ειπον ανδρες γαλιλαιοι τι εστηκατε εμβλεποντες εις τον ουρανον ουτος ο ιησους ο αναληφθεις αφ υμων εις τον ουρανον ουτως ελευσεται ον τροπον εθεασασθε αυτον πορευομενον εις τον ουρανον

[1] 1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh)

[2] Chabad.org only, not present in the NET parallel Hebrew.

[3] 1 Kings 2:8, 9 (English Elpenor)

[4] Luke 23:34a (NET) Table

[5] 1 Samuel 2:8, 9 (Tanakh)

[6] FromJewish Concepts: Masoretic Text,” Jewish Virtual Library: Anything you need to know from Anti-Semitism to Zionism

[7] 1 Samuel 2:9b (Chabad.org)

[8] John 15:7, 8 (NET) Table

[9] Chabad.org only, not present in the NET parallel Hebrew.  I’m beginning to think it’s an editorial comment questioning the spelling of the next word.

[10] Deuteronomy 1:21 (Tanakh)

[11] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γαρ preceding φρονεισθω here, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had simply φρονεῖτε.

[12] The NET parallel Greek text had ἀλλὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had ἀλλ’.

[13] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μου here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[14] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τελεῖται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τελειοῦται.

[15] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had καὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν (KJV: in).

[16] Jeremiah 9:24b (Tanakh)

[17] FromJewish Concepts: Masoretic Text,” Jewish Virtual Library: Anything you need to know from Anti-Semitism to Zionism

[18] Matthew 23:39b (NET)

[19] I don’t address this often.  I realize that any argument I propose to the effect that Masoretes shaded and altered the text to obscure Jesus and the gospel in the Old Testament can be turned to the benefit of anyone wishing to assert that lying Christians forged the Septuagint.  I don’t want to treat Jim Searcy like a straw man.  There are others who argue for the infallibity of the KJV.  “How I Know The King James Bible is the Word of God,” by James L. Melton is a concise piece.

I found the audio recording on “Frank Logsdon Repudiates the NASB” particularly interesting.  His point was well-taken; note 12 above is a case in point. The NET parallel Greek text of the New Testament was apparently translated from NA27.  Scholarly opinion in NA28 has either returned, or caught up, to the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

I’ll offer one more insight from doing the study for this essay: The Hexapla with six versions side by side doesn’t seem to me like the most opportune moment to introduce a “forged” version of Hannah’s prayer by manipulating two well known verses from Jeremiah (1 Corinthians 1:18-31) and inserting them into the text of the Septuagint.  I would assume then that this portion of Hannah’s prayer predates Origen’s Hexapla.

[20] The NET parallel Greek text had the plural ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς here, where NA28 had the plural ἐσθήσεσιν λευκαῖς and the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the singular εσθητι λευκη.

[21] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἶπαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον.

Romans, Part 23

Not only [do we rejoice in the hope of God’s glory],1 but we also rejoice in sufferings (θλίψεσιν, a form of θλίψις),2 Paul continued.  I’ve already written about the feedback loop that fosters this apparent masochism in believers and won’t do so again.  The word translated sufferings in Romans 5:3 (NET) above was translated affliction in 2 Corinthians 1:8 (NET): For we do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, regarding the affliction (θλίψεως, another form of θλίψις) that happened to us in the province of Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of living [Table].

I don’t know when Paul’s θλίψεως (θλίψις) began, perhaps as early as his first visit to Ephesus.  After he left Corinth he made his way there and went into the synagogue and addressed3 the JewsWhen they asked him to stay longer,4 he would not consent, but5 said farewell6 to them7 and8 added9, “I10 will come back to you again if God wills.”  Then11 he set sail from Ephesus…12  Paul greeted the church in Jerusalem briefly and went home to Antioch.  Perhaps he was simply tired and needed a rest.  But for Paul who wrote—I could wish that I myself were accursed – cut off from Christ – for the sake of my people, my fellow countrymen13—to turn his back on his fellow countrymen when they were eager to hear him again seems like something more troubling than exhaustion.

Admittedly, I have little to go on, but the message of Paul’s letter to the Romans steers me toward the dilemma of the πόρνοι (a form of πόρνος) and the Pharisees.  The πόρνοι were men who served a pagan god, a demon, sexually, the vilest of the vile from a Pharisee’s point of view.  Yet the πόρνοι were granted faith and repentance in Corinth14 while so many Pharisees were not.  Jesus said it (Matthew 21:28-32 NET).

“What do you think?  A man had two sons.  He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work in the vineyard today [Table].’  The boy answered, ‘I will not.’  But later he had a change of heart (μεταμεληθεὶς, a form of μεταμέλομαι) and went.  The father went to the other son and said the same thing.  This boy answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but did not go.  Which of the two did his father’s will?”  They said,15 “The first.”  Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, tax collectors and prostitutes (πόρναι, a form of πόρνη) will go ahead of you into the kingdom of God! [Table]  For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe (ἐπιστεύσατε, a form of πιστεύω) him.  But the tax collectors and prostitutes (πόρναι, a form of πόρνη) did believe (ἐπίστευσαν, another form of πιστεύω).   Although you saw (ἰδόντες, a form of εἴδω) this, you did not later change your minds (μετεμελήθητε, another form of μεταμέλομαι) and believe (πιστεῦσαι, another form of πιστεύω) him” [Table].

But I think experiencing it was difficult for Paul.  Rather than being flippant with the Jews at Ephesus, or using “God’s will” as an excuse, I suspect that Paul was sincerely concerned that God may not will that he return to Ephesus or anywhere else, that Paul despaired even of living the only life he had known since his encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus.  Of course, I can be wrong about this.  The affliction happened to us (plural) in the province of Asia, we were burdened excessively, and we despaired even of living.  Paul seemed to be alone that first Sabbath day in Ephesus.  If his affliction came later, then it is more difficult to pin down.  Luke didn’t mention it in Acts.

Paul’s affliction may have continued for a long time.  He may have referred to it (and its relation to his previous letter to the Corinthians) in Macedonia after returning home for an unspecified amount of time, strengthening the disciples in Galatia and Phyrgia, and then spending two years at Ephesus (2 Corinthians 7:5, 6 NET).

For even when we came into Macedonia, our body had no rest at all, but we were troubled (θλιβόμενοι, a form of θλίβω) in every way – struggles from the outside, fears from within.  But God, who encourages the downhearted, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus.

Far from being debilitating this affliction in the province of Asia was a very productive period for Paul (Acts 19:11, 12 NET):

God was performing extraordinary miracles by Paul’s hands, so that when even handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched his body were brought to the sick, their diseases left them and the evil spirits went out of them.16

Though this seems counterintuitive, the sense of it becomes more apparent when I heed Paul’s own assessment of his affliction (2 Corinthians 1:9 NET):

Indeed we felt as if the sentence of death had been passed against us, so that we would not trust in ourselves but in God who raises the dead.

Jesus said to Paul, My grace is enough for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.  And Paul concluded, So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may reside in me.  Therefore I am content with weaknesses, with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak, then I am strong.17

Paul probably wrote his letter to the Romans during his two year stay at Ephesus in the province of Asia.  And I assume that weaknesses, insults, troubles, persecutions and difficulties along with struggles from the outside, and fears from within is what he meant by θλίψις: we also rejoice in sufferings (θλίψεσιν, a form of θλίψις), knowing that suffering (θλῖψις) produces endurance, and endurance, character, and character, hope.18

The word translated knowing above is εἰδότες (a form of εἴδω), to see.  Paul was an eyewitness to this transformation of suffering into endurance into character into hope.  But again, there is nothing intrinsic to suffering that in and of itself produces endurance.  Jesus spoke about the person who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy.  But he has no root (ρίζαν, a form of ῥίζα) in himself and does not endure; when trouble (θλίψεως, another form of θλίψις) or persecution comes because of the word, immediately he falls away.19

Though the phrase he has no root in himself might lead one to the conclusion that the solution is to have deep roots in oneself, the actual solution is to be strengthened with power through [the Father’s] Spirit in the inner person [Table], that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith, so that, because you have been rooted (ἐρριζωμένοι, a form of ῥιζόω) and grounded in love, you may be able to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth [Table], and thus to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, so that you may be filled up (πληρωθῆτε, a form of πληρόω) to all the fullness (πλήρωμα) of God.20

And hope does not disappoint, Paul continued in Romans, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.21  I think love here is a kind of shorthand for all the aspects of the fruit of the Spirit, because it is not too difficult to see that joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control [Table]22 would all contribute to turning suffering into endurance into character into hope.

Now the question arises, how can one be strengthened with power through [the Father’s] Spirit?  For this reason I kneel before the Father [Table], Paul wrote the Ephesians, from whom every family in heaven and on the earth is named.  I pray that according to the wealth of his glory he may grant you to be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner person [Table]…23  Or as Jesus said (Matthew 7:7-11 NET):

Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened for you.  For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.  Is there anyone among you who, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone?  Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? [TableIf you then, although you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good gifts to those who ask him!

And Paul concluded (Romans 5:6-8 NET):

For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly [Table].  (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.)  But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

 

Addendum: March 21, 2024
Tables comparing the Greek of Acts 18:19-21 and 19:12 the NET and KJV follow.

Acts 18:19-21 (NET)

Acts 18:19-21 (KJV)

When they reached Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila behind there, but he himself went into the synagogue and addressed the Jews. And he came to Ephesus, and left them there: but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews.

Acts 18:19 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 18:19 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 18:19 (Byzantine Majority Text)

κατήντησαν δὲ εἰς Ἔφεσον, κακείνους κατέλιπεν αὐτοῦ, αὐτὸς δὲ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν διελέξατο τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις κατηντησεν δε εις εφεσον κακεινους κατελιπεν αυτου αυτος δε εισελθων εις την συναγωγην διελεχθη τοις ιουδαιοις κατηντησεν δε εις εφεσον και εκεινους κατελιπεν αυτου αυτος δε εισελθων εις την συναγωγην διελεχθη τοις ιουδαιοις
When they asked him to stay longer, he would not consent, When they desired him to tarry longer time with them, he consented not;

Acts 18:20 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 18:20 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 18:20 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἐρωτώντων δὲ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πλείονα χρόνον μεῖναι οὐκ ἐπένευσεν ερωτωντων δε αυτων επι πλειονα χρονον μειναι παρ αυτοις ουκ επενευσεν ερωτωντων δε αυτων επι πλειονα χρονον μειναι παρ αυτοις ουκ επενευσεν
but said farewell to them and added, “I will come back to you again if God wills.” Then he set sail from Ephesus, But bade them farewell, saying, I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: but I will return again unto you, if God will. And he sailed from Ephesus.

Acts 18:21 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 18:21 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 18:21 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἀλλὰ ἀποταξάμενος καὶ εἰπών· πάλιν ἀνακάμψω πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοῦ θεοῦ θέλοντος, ἀνήχθη ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐφέσου αλλ απεταξατο αυτοις ειπων δει με παντως την εορτην την ερχομενην ποιησαι εις ιεροσολυμα παλιν δε ανακαμψω προς υμας του θεου θελοντος και ανηχθη απο της εφεσου αλλ απεταξατο αυτοις ειπων δει με παντως την εορτην την ερχομενην ποιησαι εις ιεροσολυμα παλιν δε ανακαμψω προς υμας του θεου θελοντος ανηχθη απο της εφεσου

Acts 19:12 (NET)

Acts 19:12 (KJV)

so that when even handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched his body were brought to the sick, their diseases left them and the evil spirits went out of them. So that from his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of them.

Acts 19:12 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 19:12 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 19:12 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὥστε καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια καὶ ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὰς νόσους, τά τε πνεύματα τὰ πονηρὰ ἐκπορεύεσθαι ωστε και επι τους ασθενουντας επιφερεσθαι απο του χρωτος αυτου σουδαρια η σιμικινθια και απαλλασσεσθαι απ αυτων τας νοσους τα τε πνευματα τα πονηρα εξερχεσθαι απ αυτων ωστε και επι τους ασθενουντας επιφερεσθαι απο του χρωτος αυτου σουδαρια η σιμικινθια και απαλλασσεσθαι απ αυτων τας νοσους τα τε πνευματα τα πονηρα εξερχεσθαι απ αυτων

2 Romans 5:3a (NET)

3 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had διελέξατο here in the middle voice, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had διελεχθη (KJV: and reasoned with) in the passive voice. According to the Koine Greek Lexicon online the meaning of both the middle and passive voices is: “to hold a discussion, to hold a conversation.”

4 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had παρ αυτοις (KJV: with them) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

6 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the participle ἀποταξάμενος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απεταξατο (KJV: badefarewell). Both are in the middle voice. According to the Koine Greek Lexicon online the middle voice means: “to renounce, give up; to say goodbye, bid farewell, forsake, take leave, send away.”

7 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτοις (KJV: them) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

9 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δει με παντως την εορτην την ερχομενην ποιησαι εις ιεροσολυμα (KJV: I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem:) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

10 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: but) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

11 The Stephanus Textus Receptus had και (KJV: And) here. The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

12 Acts 18:19b-21 (NET)

15 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτω (KJV: unto him) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

17 2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 (NET) Table

18 Romans 5:3, 4 (NET)

19 Matthew 13:20, 21 (NET)

20 Ephesians 3:16b-19 (NET)

21 Romans 5:5 (NET)

23 Ephesians 3:14-16 (NET)