Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.^[1]  “That’s me,” I responded as I read that this time.  The Greek word translated enemies was ἐχθρούς (a form of ἐχθρός).  For if while we were enemies (ἐχθροὶ, another form of ἐχθρός), Paul wrote believers in Rome, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life?^[2]  But I’d never thought of it this way before.

I had vaguely assumed that making his enemies a footstool referenced Jesus as He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty.^[3]  As I looked at other quotations of Psalm 110:1 in the New Testament it made a little sense why I had thought that.

There was another allusion to Psalm 110:1 in Hebrews 10:12, 13 (NET):

But when this priest^[10] had offered one sacrifice for sins for all time, he sat down at the right hand of God, where he is now waiting until his enemies are made a footstool for his feet.

There are some differences from the Septuagint mostly related to the changes from present to past tense, and from second and first to third person:

The noun ὑποπόδιον (footstool) in Hebrews 1:13, and 10:13, Acts 2:35 and Luke 20:43 was replaced by the adverb ὑποκάτω (under) in Matthew 22:44 and Mark 12:36.  The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ὑποπόδιον in both cases (Table1 and Table2) as did both versions of the Septuagint.

The Hebrew was הדם (hădôm) and לרגליך (regel), also translated footstool in the Tanakh.

According to Strong’s Concordance הדם (hădôm) was “From an unused root meaning to stamp upon.”  Paul alluded to Psalm 8:6 (1 Corinthians 15:24-28 NET; Table):

Then comes the end, when [Jesus] hands over the kingdom to God the Father, when he has brought to an end all rule and all authority and power.  For he must reign until^[11] he has put^[12] all his enemies under his feet.  The last enemy to be eliminated is death.  For he has put everything in subjection under his feet.  But when it says “everything” has been put in subjection, it is clear that this does not include the one who put everything in subjection to him.  And when all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will be subjected to the one who subjected everything to him, so that God may be all in all.

Though Paul used ὑπὸ here both versions of the Septuagint had ὑποκάτω.  The other differences are accounted for by switching from 2^nd to 3^rd person and from the genitive to the accusative case.

Though I didn’t realize it before I did this study, the first verse of Psalm 8 in the Elpenor version of the Septuagint reads: Εἰς τὸ τέλος, ὑπὲρ τῶν ληνῶν· ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυΐδ (“For the end, concerning the wine-presses, a Psalm of David”).  The writer of Hebrews quoted Psalm 8:6, You put all things under his control,^[13] including ὑποκάτω (under).

Yet this time for some inexplicable reason as I read—Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet—the planet-sized hassock of corpses evaporated back into my imagination as I recognized that Jesus’ planet-sized footstool is made of living people, people like Mary.

Now it was Mary^[14] who anointed the Lord with perfumed oil and wiped his feet dry with her hair.^[15]  I imagine it was just as inexplicable to her that she, a sinner, when she learned^[16] that Jesus was dining^[17] at the Pharisee’s house…brought an alabaster jar of perfumed oil;^[18] weeping, she began to wet his feet with her tears.  She wiped them with her hair, kissed them, and anointed them with the perfumed oil.^[19]

Jesus explained the inexplicable: No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him…It is written in the prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by^[20] God.’  Everyone^[21] who hears^[22] and learns from the Father comes to me.^[23]  I had misunderstood this as a severe limitation to my whosoever-will-may-come belief.  But the Holy Spirit contrasted it to the difficulty those willful few had finding their own way through the rituals of old covenant religion.  How^[24] narrow is the gate and difficult the way that leads to life, Jesus summarized, and there are few who find it!^[25]

Mary^[26]…sat^[27] at^[28] the Lord’s^[29] feet and listened to what he said.^[30]  And again, Mary^[31] took three quarters of a pound of expensive aromatic oil from pure nard and anointed the feet of Jesus^[32] about a week before his crucifixion.

I was formerly^[33] a blasphemer and a persecutor, and an arrogant man, the apostle Paul confessed.  But^[34] I was treated with mercy because I acted ignorantly (ἀγνοῶν, a form of ἀγνοέω) in unbelief, and our Lord’s grace was abundant, bringing faith and love in Christ Jesus.^[35]  Father, forgive them, Jesus prayed, for they don’t know what they are doing.^[36]  The Greek word translated know was οἴδασιν (a form of εἴδω; see).  They didn’t see what they were doing.  They acted ignorantly in unbelief (ἀπιστίᾳ).

When Jesus appeared to Paul (a.k.a. Saul) as a blinding light on the road to Damascus, He said, You are hurting (σκληρόν, a form of σκληρός) yourself by kicking against the goads.^[37]  Paul’s religious mind fought so hard against that inexplicable drawing of God—denying what he was taught, heard and learned from the Father so completely—that the risen and ascended Lord Jesus was concerned about the harm he caused himself.  And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, Jesus had promised, will draw all people to myself,^[38] even an angry jihadist like Saul.

This should not be forgotten though we may be more aware of what God’s abundant grace bringing faith and love in Christ Jesus made of him: for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort, Paul wrote from experience (Colossians 1:28, 29), for the sake of his good pleasure – is God.^[39]

I had begun to hear—Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing—as something more than a limited and local prayer.  I regard it, in fact, as the singularly relevant prayer of a salvation that does not depend on human desire or exertion, but on God who shows mercy.^[40]  But I was uncertain of God the Father’s answer to that prayer until that day I heard, Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.  His enemies made into his footstool was Jesus’ joy (Hebrews 12:2b NET):

For the joy set out for him he endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat^[41] at the right hand of the throne of God.

Tables comparing Matthew 22:44; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:42; 1 Corinthians 15:25; John 11:2; Luke 7:37; John 6:45; Matthew 7:14; Luke 10:39; John 12:3; 1 Timothy 1:13; Acts 26:14; Philippians 2:13 and Hebrews 12:2 in the NET and KJV follow.