Hannah’s prayer continued:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| 1 Samuel 2:3 (Tanakh) | 1 Samuel 2:3 (NET) | 1 Reigns 2:3 (NETS) |
1 Kings 2:3 (Elpenor English) |
| Multiply not exceeding proud talk; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for HaShem is a G-d of knowledge, and by Him actions are weighed. | Don’t keep speaking so arrogantly. Proud talk should not come out of your mouth! For the Lord is a God who knows; he evaluates what people do. | “Boast not, and speak not lofty things; let not big talking come from your mouth, because the Lord is a god of knowledge, and a god who prepares his own ways. | Boast not, and utter not high things; let not high-sounding words come out of your mouth, for the Lord [is] a God of knowledge, and God prepares his own designs. |
In another essay I wrote, “From now on I’ll include the text of the KJV since differences might be very instructive.” Here (Table1 below) I have that difference but it will take someone with more knowledge of Hebrew than I have to evaluate the relative merits of translating not (ʼal, אַל) multiply (râbâh, תַּרְבּ֚וּ) no more. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply (râbâh, ורבו), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (râbâh, ירב) in the earth.[1] Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more (râbâh, מרבה; Tanakh: many) feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.[2]
To my ear the more of more feet is different conceptually from that of no more, but I won’t quibble about it. The difference in the translation of the Septuagint brings me some clarity. Rather than not multiply, the rabbis chose (Table2 below) not (μὴ) boast (καυχᾶσθε). It occurs to me, since not boast is so “on-the-nose,” that the translators thought not multiply in Hebrew was too idiomatic for Greek.
To throw up is a common idiom in American English. But translating the words throw and up literally into another language won’t necessarily conjure an image in the hearer’s mind of someone kneeling before a toilet, vomiting into it. Perhaps the KJV translators thought not multiply was too idiomatic for an English translation, too. The phrase no more, while less “on-the-nose” than not boast, still retains some of the flavor of not multiply. All of this attention to detail has me wondering if Hannah’s words—my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies[3]—should be understood as confession rather than as a model of rejoicing to be emulated.
What really exercised me here (Table2 below) was and God prepares his own designs (NETS: “ways”). I was immediately reminded of, For we are his creative work, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works that God prepared beforehand so we can do them.[4] At first blush the translation from Hebrew—and by Him actions are weighed (Tanakh, KJV)—seemed completely different. I made a table of all occurrences of עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) in the Old Testament, the Hebrew word translated actions (Tanakh, KJV), along with its Greek translation in the Septuagint.
|
Reference |
NET Parallel Hebrew | Chabad.org | Tanakh | NET | Septuagint (BLB) |
Septuagint (Elpenor) |
| Deuteronomy 22:14 | עלילת (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִילֹ֣ת | wanton charges | impropriety | προφασιστικοὺς | προφασιστικοὺς |
| Deuteronomy 22:17 | עלילת (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִילֹ֨ת | wanton charges | impropriety | προφασιστικοὺς | προφασιστικοὺς |
| 1 Samuel 2:3 | עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִלֽוֹת | actions | what people do | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| 1 Chronicles 16:8 | עלילתיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִילֹתָֽיו | deeds | accomplishments | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| Psalm 9:11 (12) | עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו | doings | what he has done | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| Psalm 14:1 (13:1) | עלילה (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲ֜לִילָ֗ה | works | deeds | ἐπιτηδεύμασιν | ἐπιτηδεύμασιν |
| Psalm 66:5 (65:5) | עלילה (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲ֜לִילָ֗ה | doing | acts | βουλαῗς | βουλαῖς |
| Psalm 77:12 (77:13; 76:13) | ובעלילותיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) | וּבַֽעֲלִ֖ילוֹתֶ֣יךָ | doings | deeds | ἐπιτηδεύμασίν | ἐπιτηδεύμασί |
| Psalm 78:11 (77:11) | עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑יו | works | what he had done | εὐεργεσιῶν | εὐεργεσιῶν |
| Psalm 99:8 (98:8) | עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽם | inventions | sinful deeds | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| Psalm 103:7 (102:7) | עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָיו | acts | deeds | θελήματα | θελήματα |
| Psalm 105:1 (104:1) | עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו | deeds | accomplishments | ἔργα | ἔργα |
| Psalm 141:4 | עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִל֨וֹת | works | activities | προφάσεις | προφάσεις |
| Isaiah 12:4 | עלילתיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילֹתָ֑יו | doings | mighty acts | ἔνδοξα | ἔνδοξα |
| Ezekiel 14:22 | עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם | doings | deeds | ἐνθυμήματα | ἐνθυμήματα |
| Ezekiel 14:23 | עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם | doings | deeds | ἐνθυμήματα | ἐνθυμήματα |
| Ezekiel 20:43 | עלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִיל֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם | doings | deeds | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| Ezekiel 20:44 | וכעלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | וְכַֽעֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֚ם | doings | deeds | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ἐπιτηδεύματα |
| Ezekiel 21:24 (21:29) | עלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם | doings | actions | ἐπιτηδεύμασιν | ἐπιτηδεύμασιν |
| Ezekiel 24:14 | וכעלילותיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) | וְכַֽעֲלִֽילוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ | doings | deeds | ἐνθυμήματά | ἐνθυμήματά |
| Ezekiel 36:17 | ובעלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | וּבַֽעֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם | doings | deeds | εἰδώλοις | εἰδώλοις |
| Ezekiel 36:19 | וכעלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | וְכַֽעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם | doings | deeds | ἁμαρτίαν | ἁμαρτίαν |
| Zephaniah 3:7 | עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִילוֹתָֽם | doings | did | ἐπιφυλλὶς | ἐπιφυλλὶς |
| Zephaniah 3:11 | עלילתיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) | עֲלִ֣ילֹתַ֔יִךְ | doings | actions (footnote 38) | ἐπιτηδευμάτων | ἐπιτηδευμάτων |
This exercise persuaded me that the Greek was not that different from the Hebrew. The real issue was whether the actions, designs or ways God weighed, evaluates or prepares are his or mine/Israel’s. While the Septuagint committed to his own, the NET claimed he evaluates what people do. This contrast made me realize how noncommittal the translation of the Tanakh and KJV actually were: and by Him actions are weighed.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Ezekiel 36:16,17 (Tanakh) | Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (NET) | Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (NETS) |
Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (Elpenor English) |
| Moreover the word of the LORD (יְהֹוָ֖ה) came unto me, saying, | The Lord’s (yehôvâh, יהוה) message came to me: | And a word of the Lord came to me, saying: | And the word of the Lord came to me, saying, |
| Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. | “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior and their deeds. In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. | Son of man, the house of Israel lived on their land, and they defiled it with their way and with their idols and with their unclean acts; their way became before me like the uncleanness of a woman sitting apart. | Son of man, the house of Israel dwelt upon their land, and defiled it by their way, and with their idols, and with their uncleannesses; and their way was before me like the uncleanness of a removed woman. |
Here the LORD (yehôvâh, יְהֹוָ֖ה) clearly evaluated what the people of Israel did. Then He responded appropriately:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (Tanakh) | Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (NET) | Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (NETS) |
Ezekiel 36:19, 19 (Elpenor English) |
| Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: | So I poured my anger on them because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it. | And I poured out my wrath upon them | So I poured out my wrath upon them: |
| And I scattered them among the heathen (בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם), and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. | I scattered them among the nations (gôy, בגוים); they were dispersed throughout foreign countries. In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them. | And scattered them into the nations (ἔθνη, a form of ἔθνος) and winnowed them into the countries; in accordance with their way and their sin I judged them. | and I dispersed them among the nations (ἔθνη), and utterly scattered them through the countries: I judged them according to their way and according to their sin. |
In other words, if they wanted to behave like the heathen, He gave them the opportunity to experience the heathen firsthand. But He also evaluated the consequences of his own actions:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (Tanakh) | Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (NET) | Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (NETS) |
Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (Elpenor English) |
| And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. | But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ | And they came into the nations, there where they entered, and they profaned my holy name when it was said of them, “These are a people of the Lord, and they have gone out of his land.” | And they went in among the nations, among which they went, and they profaned my holy name, while it was said of them, These are the people of the Lord, and they came forth out of his land. |
| But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. | I was concerned for my holy reputation which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went. | And I considered them because of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, there where they entered. | but I spared them for the sake of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, among whom they went. |
When he had pity for his holy name, He responded appropriately again:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Tanakh) | Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NET) | Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NETS) |
Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Elpenor English) |
| Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. | “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation which you profaned among the nations where you went. | Therefore, say to the house of Israel, This is what the Lord says: I do not act for you, O house of Israel, but rather on account of my holy name, which you profaned among the nations, there where you entered. | Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord; I do not this, O house of Israel, for your sakes, but because of my holy name, which ye have profaned among the nations, among whom ye went. |
| And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. | I will magnify my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the Sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight. | And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which you profaned in their midst, and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am hallowed among you before their eyes. | And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which ye profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am sanctified among you before their eyes. |
How does the Lord (ʼădônây, אֲדֹנָ֣י) God (yehôvih, יֱהֹוִ֔ה) sanctify his great name, when [He] shall be sanctified in [Israel] before [the heathen’s] eyes?
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Ezekiel 36:27 (Tanakh) | Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NET) | Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NETS) |
Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Elpenor English) |
| And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. | I will put my Spirit within you; I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes and carefully observe my regulations. | And I will give my spirit in you and will act so that you walk in my statutes and keep my judgments and perform them. | And I will put my Spirit in you, and will cause you to walk in mine ordinances, and to keep my judgments, and do [them]. |
“Therefore,” Peter concluded in Jerusalem on Pentecost, “let all the house of Israel know beyond a doubt that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified both Lord and Christ” (Acts 2:36-39 NET Table).
Now when they heard this, they were acutely distressed and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “What should we do, brothers?” Peter said to them, “Repent, and each one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is for you and your children, and for all who are far away, as many as the Lord our God will call to himself.”
Should a heathen such as I am (but for the grace of God) trust in his own ability to be righteous and risk profaning God’s great name again? So then, my dear friends, Paul wrote believers in Philippi, just as you have always obeyed (ὑπηκούσατε, a form of ὑπακούω), not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your salvation with awe (φόβου, a form of φόβος) and reverence (τρόμου, a form of τρόμος), for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort – for the sake of his good pleasure – is God.[5]
Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying (Matthew 22:1-14 NET):
“The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son. He sent his slaves to summon those who had been invited to the banquet, but they would not come. Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look! The feast I have prepared[6] for you is ready. My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.”’ But they were indifferent and went away, one[7] to his farm, another[8] to[9] his business. The rest seized his slaves, insolently mistreated them, and killed them. The[10] king[11] was furious! He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death and set their city on fire. Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but the ones who had been invited were not worthy. So go into the main streets and invite everyone[12] you find to the wedding banquet.’ And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they[13] found, both bad (πονηρούς, a form of πονηρός) and good (ἀγαθούς, a form of ἀγαθός), and the wedding hall was filled with guests. But when the king came in to see the wedding guests, he saw a man there who was not wearing (ἐνδεδυμένον, a form of ἐνδύω) wedding clothes (ἔνδυμα). And he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes (ἔνδυμα)?’ But he had nothing to say. Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and[14] throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’ For many are called, but few are chosen.”
Paul described the wedding clothes provided by the bridegroom’s father: You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires, to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and to put on (ἐνδύσασθαι, another form of ἐνδύω) the new man who has been created in God’s image – in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth.[15] And again, But now, put off all such things as anger, rage, malice, slander, abusive language from your mouth. Do not lie to one another since you have put off the old man with its practices and have been clothed (ἐνδυσάμενοι, another form of ἐνδύω) with the new man that is being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the one who created it. Here there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all and in all.[16]
So while the translations of the Tanakh and KJV—and by Him actions (e.g., the actions of God and people) are weighed—are probably more accurate to the Hebrew, I am grateful to the Christians[17] who translated the Septuagint. It seems that both ways (NETS) and designs (Elpenor) were more discretionary than obligatory translations of ἐπιτηδεύματα.
|
Reference |
Septuagint (BLB) | NETS | Septuagint (Elphenor) |
Septuagint (English Elpenor) |
| 1 Samuel 2:3 | ἐπιτηδεύματα | ways | ἐπιτηδεύματα | designs |
| 1 Chronicles (Supplements) 16:8 | ἐπιτηδεύματα | practices | ἐπιτηδεύματα | designs |
| Psalm 99:8 (98:8) | ἐπιτηδεύματα | practices | ἐπιτηδεύματα | devices |
| Ezekiel 20:43 | ἐπιτηδεύματα | practices | ἐπιτηδεύματα | devices |
| Ezekiel 20:44 | ἐπιτηδεύματα | practices | ἐπιτηδεύματα | devices |
Still, those translations got this heathen—one of the bad people gathered to the wedding feast after the invited guests declined their invitations—thinking much more deeply about Hannah’s prayer than he might have otherwise.
Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:3; Genesis 1:22; Leviticus 11:42; Ezekiel 36:16; 36:17; 36:18; 36:19; 36:20; 36:21; 36:22; 36:23 and 36:27 in the Tanakh and NET, and tables comparing 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 2:3; Genesis 1:22; Leviticus 11:42; Ezekiel 36:16; 36:17; 36:18; 36:19; 36:20; 36:21; 36:22; 36:23 and 36:27 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow. Following those are tables comparing Matthew 22:4, 5; 22:7; 22:9, 10 and 22:13 in the NET and KJV.
| 1 Samuel 2:3 (KJV) | ||
| Multiply not exceeding proud talk; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for HaShem is a G-d of knowledge, and by Him actions are weighed. | Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. | Don’t keep speaking so arrogantly. Proud talk should not come out of your mouth! For the Lord is a God who knows; he evaluates what people do. |
| μὴ καυχᾶσθε καὶ μὴ λαλεῗτε ὑψηλά μὴ ἐξελθάτω μεγαλορρημοσύνη ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν ὅτι θεὸς γνώσεων κύριος καὶ θεὸς ἑτοιμάζων ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ | μὴ καυχᾶσθε, καὶ μὴ λαλεῖτε ὑψηλά, μὴ ἐξελθέτω μεγαλορρημοσύνη ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν, ὅτι Θεὸς γνώσεων Κύριος καὶ Θεὸς ἑτοιμάζων ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ |
| “Boast not, and speak not lofty things; let not big talking come from your mouth, because the Lord is a god of knowledge, and a god who prepares his own ways. | Boast not, and utter not high things; let not high-sounding words come out of your mouth, for the Lord [is] a God of knowledge, and God prepares his own designs. |
| Genesis 1:22 (KJV) | ||
| And G-d blessed them, saying: ‘Be fruitful, and multiply (וּרְב֗וּ), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (יִ֥רֶב) in the earth’. | And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply (ורבו), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (ירב) in the earth. | God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and multiply (ורבו) and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds multiply (ירב) on the earth.” |
| καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεὸς λέγων αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε καὶ πληρώσατε τὰ ὕδατα ἐν ταῗς θαλάσσαις καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ πληθυνέσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς | καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὰ ὁ Θεός, λέγων· αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε καὶ πληρώσατε τὰ ὕδατα ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ πληθυνέσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς |
| And God blessed them, saying, “Increase, and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth. | And God blessed them saying, Increase and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let the creatures that fly be multiplied on the earth. |
| Leviticus 11:42 (KJV) | ||
| Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many (מַרְבֵּ֣ה) feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing. | Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more (מרבה) feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination. | You must not eat anything that crawls on its belly or anything that walks on all fours or on any number (מרבה) of legs of all the swarming things that swarm on the land, because they are detestable. |
| καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διὰ παντός ὃ πολυπληθεῗ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσιν τοῗς ἑρπετοῗς τοῗς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτό ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῗν ἐστιν | καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διαπαντός, ὃ πολυπληθεῖ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτό, ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῖν ἐστι |
| And whatever moves on its belly and whatever moves on four legs at all times, whatever has many feet among all the creeping things that creep upon the earth, you shall not eat it, for it is an abomination to you. | And God blessed them saying, Increase and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let the creatures that fly be multiplied on the earth. |
| Ezekiel 36:16 (KJV) | ||
| Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, | Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, | The Lord’s message came to me: |
| καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων | Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρός με λέγων |
| And a word of the Lord came to me, saying: | And the word of the Lord came to me, saying, |
| Ezekiel 36:17 (KJV) | ||
| Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. | Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. | “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior and their deeds. In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. |
| υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου οἶκος Ισραηλ κατῴκησεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τοῗς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ταῗς ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν τῆς ἀποκαθημένης ἐγενήθη ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτῶν πρὸ προσώπου μου | υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ κατῴκησεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν· κατὰ τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν τῆς ἀποκαθημένης ἐγενήθη ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτῶν πρὸ προσώπου μου |
| Son of man, the house of Israel lived on their land, and they defiled it with their way and with their idols and with their unclean acts; their way became before me like the uncleanness of a woman sitting apart. | Son of man, the house of Israel dwelt upon their land, and defiled it by their way, and with their idols, and with their uncleannesses; and their way was before me like the uncleanness of a removed woman. |
| Ezekiel 36:18 (KJV) | ||
| Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: | Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: | So I poured my anger on them because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it. |
| καὶ ἐξέχεα τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς | καὶ ἐξέχεα τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς |
| And I poured out my wrath upon them | So I poured out my wrath upon them: |
| Ezekiel 36:19 (KJV) | ||
| And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. | And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. | I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed throughout foreign countries. In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them. |
| καὶ διέσπειρα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἐλίκμησα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χώρας κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ἔκρινα αὐτούς | καὶ διέσπειρα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἐλίκμησα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χώρας· κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ἔκρινα αὐτούς |
| And scattered them into the nations and winnowed them into the countries; in accordance with their way and their sin I judged them. | and I dispersed them among the nations, and utterly scattered them through the countries: I judged them according to their way and according to their sin. |
| Ezekiel 36:20 (KJV) | ||
| And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. | And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. | But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ |
| καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῗ καὶ ἐβεβήλωσαν τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι αὐτούς λαὸς κυρίου οὗτοι καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ἐξεληλύθασιν | καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἐβεβήλωσαν τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι αὐτούς· λαὸς Κυρίου οὗτοι καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ἐξεληλύθασι |
| And they came into the nations, there where they entered, and they profaned my holy name when it was said of them, “These are a people of the Lord, and they have gone out of his land.” | And they went in among the nations, among which they went, and they profaned my holy name, while it was said of them, These are the people of the Lord, and they came forth out of his land. |
| Ezekiel 36:21 (KJV) | ||
| But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. | But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. | I was concerned for my holy reputation which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went. |
| καὶ ἐφεισάμην αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἐβεβήλωσαν οἶκος Ισραηλ ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῗ | καὶ ἐφεισάμην αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ ἐβεβήλωσαν οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῖ |
| And I considered them because of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, there where they entered. | but I spared them for the sake of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, among whom they went. |
| Ezekiel 36:22 (KJV) | ||
| Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. | Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. | “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation which you profaned among the nations where you went. |
| διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὸν τῷ οἴκῳ Ισραηλ τάδε λέγει κύριος οὐχ ὑμῗν ἐγὼ ποιῶ οἶκος Ισραηλ ἀλλ᾽ ἢ διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν οὗ εἰσήλθετε ἐκεῗ | διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὸν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾿Ισραήλ· τάδε λέγει Κύριος· οὐχ ὑμῖν ἐγὼ ποιῶ, οἶκος ᾿Ισραήλ, ἀλλ’ ἢ διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗ εἰσήλθετε ἐκε |
| Therefore, say to the house of Israel, This is what the Lord says: I do not act for you, O house of Israel, but rather on account of my holy name, which you profaned among the nations, there where you entered. | Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord; I do not this, O house of Israel, for your sakes, but because of my holy name, which ye have profaned among the nations, among whom ye went. |
| Ezekiel 36:23 (KJV) | ||
| And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. | And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. | I will magnify my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the Sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight. |
| καὶ ἁγιάσω τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ μέγα τὸ βεβηλωθὲν ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν καὶ γνώσονται τὰ ἔθνη ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ἐν τῷ ἁγιασθῆναί με ἐν ὑμῗν κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν | καὶ ἁγιάσω τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ μέγα τὸ βεβηλωθὲν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, καὶ γνώσονται τὰ ἔθνη ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ἐν τῷ ἁγιασθῆναί με ἐν ὑμῖν κατ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν |
| And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which you profaned in their midst, and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am hallowed among you before their eyes. | And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which ye profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am sanctified among you before their eyes. |
| Ezekiel 36:27 (KJV) | ||
| And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. | And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. | I will put my Spirit within you; I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes and carefully observe my regulations. |
| καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῗν καὶ ποιήσω ἵνα ἐν τοῗς δικαιώμασίν μου πορεύησθε καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου φυλάξησθε καὶ ποιήσητε | καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ ποιήσω ἵνα ἐν τοῖς δικαιώμασί μου πορεύησθε, καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου φυλάξησθε καὶ ποιήσητε |
| And I will give my spirit in you and will act so that you walk in my statutes and keep my judgments and perform them. | And I will put my Spirit in you, and will cause you to walk in mine ordinances, and to keep my judgments, and do [them]. |
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Matthew 22:4, 5 (KJV) |
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| Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look! The feast I have prepared for you is ready. My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.”’ | Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους λέγων· εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις· ἰδοὺ τὸ ἄριστον μου ἡτοίμακα, οἱ ταῦροι μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα· δεῦτε εἰς τοὺς γάμους | παλιν απεστειλεν αλλους δουλους λεγων ειπατε τοις κεκλημενοις ιδου το αριστον μου ητοιμασα οι ταυροι μου και τα σιτιστα τεθυμενα και παντα ετοιμα δευτε εις τους γαμους | παλιν απεστειλεν αλλους δουλους λεγων ειπατε τοις κεκλημενοις ιδου το αριστον μου ητοιμασα οι ταυροι μου και τα σιτιστα τεθυμενα και παντα ετοιμα δευτε εις τους γαμους |
| But they were indifferent and went away, one to his farm, another to his business. | But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise: |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| οἱ δὲ ἀμελήσαντες ἀπῆλθον, ὃς μὲν εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρόν, ὃς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμπορίαν αὐτοῦ | οι δε αμελησαντες απηλθον ο μεν εις τον ιδιον αγρον ο δε εις την εμποριαν αυτου | οι δε αμελησαντες απηλθον ο μεν εις τον ιδιον αγρον ο δε εις την εμποριαν αυτου |
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Matthew 22:7 (KJV) |
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| The king was furious! He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death and set their city on fire. | But when the king heard thereof, he was wroth: and he sent forth his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ὠργίσθη καὶ πέμψας τὰ στρατεύματα αὐτοῦ ἀπώλεσεν τοὺς φονεῖς ἐκείνους καὶ τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησεν | ακουσας δε ο βασιλευς ωργισθη και πεμψας τα στρατευματα αυτου απωλεσεν τους φονεις εκεινους και την πολιν αυτων ενεπρησεν | και ακουσας ο βασιλευς εκεινος ωργισθη και πεμψας τα στρατευματα αυτου απωλεσεν τους φονεις εκεινους και την πολιν αυτων ενεπρησεν |
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Matthew 22:9, 10 (KJV) |
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| So go into the main streets and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ | Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| πορεύεσθε οὖν ἐπὶ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν καὶ ὅσους ἐὰν εὕρητε καλέσατε εἰς τοὺς γάμους | πορευεσθε ουν επι τας διεξοδους των οδων και οσους αν ευρητε καλεσατε εις τους γαμους | πορευεσθε ουν επι τας διεξοδους των οδων και οσους αν ευρητε καλεσατε εις τους γαμους |
| And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they found, both bad and good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. | So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| καὶ ἐξελθόντες οἱ δοῦλοι ἐκεῖνοι εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς συνήγαγον πάντας οὓς εὗρον, πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς· καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ |γάμος| ἀνακειμένων | και εξελθοντες οι δουλοι εκεινοι εις τας οδους συνηγαγον παντας οσους ευρον πονηρους τε και αγαθους και επλησθη ο γαμος ανακειμενων | και εξελθοντες οι δουλοι εκεινοι εις τας οδους συνηγαγον παντας οσους ευρον πονηρους τε και αγαθους και επλησθη ο γαμος ανακειμενων |
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Matthew 22:13 (KJV) |
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| Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’ | Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν τοῖς διακόνοις· δήσαντες αὐτοῦ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ἐκβάλετε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον· ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων | τοτε ειπεν ο βασιλευς τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας αρατε αυτον και εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων | τοτε ειπεν ο βασιλευς τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας αρατε αυτον και εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων |
[4] Ephesians 2:10 (NET) The Greek word translated prepares in 1 Reigns and Kings (Samuel) 2:3 (NETS, English Elpenor) was ἑτοιμάζων (a form of ἑτοιμάζω), a part of the compound word προητοίμασεν (a form of προετοιμάζω) translated prepared beforehand in Ephesians 2:10 (NET).
[5] Philippians 2:12, 13 (NET) Table
[6] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἡτοίμακα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ητοιμασα.
[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the masculine ὃς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had, I assume, the neuter ο rather than the article ο.
[8] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the masculine ὃς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had, I assume, the neuter ο rather than the article ο.
[9] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εις.
[10] The Stephanus Textus Receptus had ακουσας δε (KJV: But when the king heard thereof) here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had και ακουσας, and the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had simply δὲ (untranslated in the NET).
[11] The Byzantine Majority Text had εκεινος following king. The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.
[12] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ὅσους ἐὰν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οσους αν (KJV: as many as)
[13] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had οὓς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οσους (KJV: all…they).
[14] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αρατε and και (KJV: take him away, and) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
[17] Bernard A. Taylor translated 1 Samuel in the NETS, and the Elpenor version of the Septuagint is the Old Testament of the Greek Orthodox Church.