I’m studying fear in the Old Testament to better understand how fear has ended in Christ yet the concept of fearing God continued in the New Testament. Peter wrote, Honor all people, love the family of believers, fear (φοβεῖσθε, a form of φοβέω) God, honor the king.1 And in Revelation an angel with an eternal gospel to proclaim to2 those who live3 on the earth4 said, Fear (φοβήθητε, another form of φοβέω) God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!5
Abraham moved to Gerar and continued to pass off his beautiful wife Sarah as his sister. So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her.6 But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him (Genesis 20:3-7 NET):
“You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife [Table].” Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation? [Table] Did Abraham not say to me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this with a clear conscience and with innocent hands!” [Table] Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience. That is why I have kept you from sinning against me and why I did not allow you to touch her [Table]. But now give back the man’s wife. Indeed he is a prophet and he will pray for you; thus you will live. But if you don’t give her back, know that you will surely die along with all who belong to you” [Table].
Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified (yârêʼ, וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ).7 The rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose ἐφοβήθησαν (plus σφόδρα, very) here, the 3rd person plural form of φοβέω. The first occurrence of this form in the New Testament is in Matthew’s account of the healing of the paralytic (Matthew 9:2-8 NET).
Just then some people brought to him a paralytic lying on a stretcher. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Have courage, son! Your sins are forgiven.” Then some of the experts in the law said to themselves, “This man is blaspheming!” When Jesus saw their reaction he said, “Why do you respond with evil in your hearts? Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven’ or to say, ‘Stand up and walk’? [Table] But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority (ἐξουσίαν, a form of ἐξουσία) on earth to forgive sins” – then he said to the paralytic – “Stand up, take your stretcher, and go home.” And he stood up and went home. When the crowd saw this, they were afraid (ἐφοβήθησαν, another form of φοβέω) and honored (ἐδόξασαν, a form of δοξάζω) God who had given such authority (ἐξουσίαν, a form of ἐξουσία) to men [Table].
I have already written8 that I think the repetition of ἐξουσίαν (a form of ἐξουσία) indicates that it was the authority to forgive sins that caused the crowd to fear and to honor God. The word translated honored above is the same glory that those under God’s wrath in Romans 1:21 withheld from God when they did not glorify him.9 And this connection of fear and honor gives me a clue to better understanding, especially when I return to Abimelech’s rebuke of Abraham (Genesis 20:9, 10 NET).
Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!” Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?”
Abraham replied, “Because I thought, ‘Surely no one fears (yir’â, יִרְאַ֣ת) God in this place. They will kill me because of my wife.’”10 Here, the rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose a different word entirely, θεοσέβεια. It is a compound of θεός and σέβω. Negated as ἀσέβεια this is the ungodliness that prompted the revelation of God’s wrath.11 In Abimelech and his people, then, I find a fear of punishment that led to obedience and more. Abimelech gave Sarah back to Abraham untouched. He also gave him sheep, cattle, and male and female servants [Table], and said, “Look, my land is before you; live wherever you please[Table].”12
Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children. For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife.13 And here I think I see the beginning of the fear of punishment that played such a major, albeit imperfect, role in the keeping of the law.
When Ishmael mocked Isaac, Sarah said to Abraham, “Banish that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”14 Abraham wasn’t happy about this at all, but complied when God said to him, “Do not be upset about the boy or your slave wife. Do all that Sarah is telling you because through Isaac your descendants will be counted [Table]. But I will also make the son of the slave wife into a great nation, for he is your descendant too.”15
Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the wilderness. When the water Abraham gave her was gone she shoved the child under one of the shrubs,16 his body apparently limp and lethargic from dehydration. She walked some distance away not wanting to watch her child die. But God heard the boy’s voice. The angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and asked her, “What is the matter, Hagar? Don’t be afraid (yārē’, תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י), for God has heard the boy’s voice right where he is crying.17 This was φοβοῦ (another form of φοβέω) in Greek in the Septuagint.
The second occurrence of this form in the New Testament was found in the story of Zechariah and the angelic announcement of his son’s birth, John the Baptist. Zechariah, a priest, was chosen by lot to enter the holy place of the Lord and burn incense.18
An angel of the Lord, standing on the right side of the altar of incense, appeared to him. And Zechariah, visibly shaken when he saw the angel, was seized with fear (φόβος). But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, another form of φοβέω), Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you will name him John. Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth,19 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He must never drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth. He will turn many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God. And he will go as forerunner before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers back to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him.”20
Zechariah didn’t believe the angel’s message and was struck mute. The text doesn’t say whether or not Hagar believed. But God was with the boy [Ishmael] as he grew,21 as surely as John was born to Zechariah and Elizabeth (Luke 1:57-64 NET):
Now the time came for Elizabeth to have her baby, and she gave birth to a son. Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her, and they rejoiced with her. On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they wanted to name him Zechariah after his father. But his mother replied, “No! He must be named John.” They said22 to her, “But none of23 your relatives24 bears this name.” So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son.25 He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name26 is John.” And they were all amazed. Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue released, and he spoke, blessing God.
Then Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied27 (Luke 1:67-79 NET):
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, because he has come to help and has redeemed his people. For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the28 house of his servant David,29 as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago, that we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us. He has done this to show mercy to our ancestors, and to remember his holy covenant – the oath that he swore to our ancestor Abraham. This oath grants that we, being rescued from the hand of our30 enemies, may serve him without fear (ἀφόβως), in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live.31 And you,32 child, will be called the prophet of the Most High. For you will go before33 the Lord to prepare his ways, to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins. Because of our God’s tender mercy the dawn will break upon34 us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
Addendum: December 17, 2024
Tables comparing Genesis 20:8; 20:9; 20:10; 20:17; 20:18; 21:10; 21:13; 21:17 and 21:20 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Genesis 20:8; 20:9; 20:10; 20:17; 20:18; 21:10; 21:13; 21:17 and 21:20 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Revelation 14:6, 7; Luke 1:14; 1:61-63; 1:67; 1:69; 1:74-76 and 1:78 in the KJV and NET follow.
| And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears; and the men were sore afraid. | Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid. | Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified. |
| καὶ ὤρθρισεν Αβιμελεχ τὸ πρωὶ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν πάντας τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησεν πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι σφόδρα | καὶ ὤρθρισεν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τῷ πρωῒ καὶ ἐκάλεσε πάντας τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησε πάντα τὰ ρήματα ταῦτα εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν, ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι σφόδρα |
| And Abimelech rose early in the morning and called all his servants and spoke of all these matters in their hearing; then all the men were very much afraid. | And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and he spoke all these words in their ears, and all the men feared exceedingly. |
| Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him: ‘What hast thou done unto us? and wherein have I sinned against thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done.’ | Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him, What hast thou done unto us? and what have I offended thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done. | Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!” |
| καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Αβιμελεχ τὸν Αβρααμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν μή τι ἡμάρτομεν εἰς σέ ὅτι ἐπήγαγες ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἁμαρτίαν μεγάλην ἔργον ὃ οὐδεὶς ποιήσει πεποίηκάς μοι | καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τὸν ῾Αβραάμ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν; μήτι ἡμάρτομεν εἰς σέ, ὅτι ἐπήγαγες ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἁμαρτίαν μεγάλην; ἔργον, ὃ οὐδεὶς ποιήσει, πεποίηκάς μοι |
| And Abimelech called Abraam and said to him, “What is this you have done to us? Surely we have not committed some sin in regard to you that you have brought great sin on me and on my kingdom? You have done a deed to me that no one shall do.” | And Abimelech called Abraam and said to him, What is this that thou hast done to us? Have we sinned against thee, that thou hast brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin? Thou hast done to me a deed, which no one ought to do. |
| And Abimelech said unto Abraham: ‘What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing?’ | And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing? | Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” |
| εἶπεν δὲ Αβιμελεχ τῷ Αβρααμ τί ἐνιδὼν ἐποίησας τοῦτο | εἶπε δὲ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τῷ ῾Αβραάμ· τί ἐνιδὼν ἐποίησας τοῦτο |
| And Abimelech said to Abraam, “What did you observe that you did this?” | And Abimelech said to Abraam, What hast thou seen in [me] that thou hast done this? |
| And Abraham prayed unto G-d; and G-d healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maid-servants; and they bore children. | So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maidservants; and they bare children. | Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children. |
| προσηύξατο δὲ Αβρααμ πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ ἰάσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν Αβιμελεχ καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔτεκον | προσηύξατο δὲ ῾Αβραὰμ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, καὶ ἰάσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔτεκον |
| Then Abraam prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech and his wife and his female slaves, and they gave birth. | And Abraam prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his women servants, and they bore children. |
| For HaShem had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham’s wife. | For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham’s wife. | For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife. |
| ὅτι συγκλείων συνέκλεισεν κύριος ἔξωθεν πᾶσαν μήτραν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Αβιμελεχ ἕνεκεν Σαρρας τῆς γυναικὸς Αβρααμ | ὅτι συγκλείων συνέκλεισε Κύριος ἔξωθεν πᾶσαν μήτραν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ, ἕνεκεν Σάρρας τῆς γυναικὸς ῾Αβραάμ |
| For the Lord had, in shutting off, shut off from the outside every womb in the house of Abimelech because of Sarra, Abraam’s wife. | Because the Lord had fast closed from without every womb in the house of Abimelech, because of Sarrha Abraam’s wife. |
| Wherefore she said unto Abraham: ‘Cast out this bondwoman and her son; for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.’ | Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac. | So she said to Abraham, “Banish that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!” |
| καὶ εἶπεν τῷ Αβρααμ ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην ταύτην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς οὐ γὰρ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου Ισαακ | καὶ εἶπε τῷ ῾Αβραάμ· ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην ταύτην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς· οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου ᾿Ισαάκ |
| then she said to Abraam, “Cast out this slave-girl and her son; for the son of this slave-girl shall not inherit together with my son Isaak.” | then she said to Abraam, Cast out this bondwoman and her son, for the son of this bondwoman shall not inherit with my son Isaac. |
| And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed.’ | And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. | But I will also make the son of the slave wife into a great nation, for he is your descendant too.” |
| καὶ τὸν υἱὸν δὲ τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ποιήσω αὐτόν ὅτι σπέρμα σόν ἐστιν | καὶ τὸν υἱὸν δὲ τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ποιήσω αὐτόν, ὅτι σπέρμα σόν ἐστιν |
| And as for the son of the slave-girl, I will make him also into a great nation, because he is your offspring.” | And moreover I will make the son of this bondwoman a great nation, because he is thy seed. |
| And G-d heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of G-d called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her: ‘What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for G-d hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. | And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. | But God heard the boy’s voice. The angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and asked her, “What is the matter, Hagar? Don’t be afraid, for God has heard the boy’s voice right where he is crying. |
| εἰσήκουσεν δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἦν καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν Αγαρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τί ἐστιν Αγαρ μὴ φοβοῦ ἐπακήκοεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου σου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἐστιν | εἰσήκουσε δὲ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου, οὗ ἦν, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ἄγγελος Θεοῦ τὴν ῎Αγαρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· τί ἐστιν ῎Αγαρ; μὴ φοβοῦ· ἐπακήκοε γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου, οὗ ἐστιν |
| And God listened to the voice of the child from the place where he was, and God’s angel called Hagar from the sky and said to her, “what is it, Hagar? Do not be afraid, for God has given ear to the voice of your child from the place where he is. | And God heard the voice of the child from the place where he was, and an angel of God called Agar out of heaven, and said to her, What is it, Agar? fear not, for God has heard the voice of the child from the place where he is. |
| And G-d was with the lad, and he grew; and he dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. | And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. | God was with the boy as he grew. He lived in the wilderness and became an archer. |
| καὶ ἦν ὁ θεὸς μετὰ τοῦ παιδίου καὶ ηὐξήθη καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐγένετο δὲ τοξότης | καὶ ἦν ὁ Θεὸς μετὰ τοῦ παιδίου, καὶ ηὐξήθη. καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐγένετο δὲ τοξότης |
| And God was with the child, and he grew up. And he dwelt in the wilderness and became an archer. | And God was with the child, and he grew and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. |
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Revelation 14:6, 7 (KJV) |
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| Then I saw another angel flying directly overhead, and he had an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth—to every nation, tribe, language, and people. | And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people, |
| Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον πετόμενον ἐν μεσουρανήματι, ἔχοντα εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον εὐαγγελίσαι ἐπὶ τοὺς καθημένους ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶν ἔθνος καὶ φυλὴν καὶ γλῶσσαν καὶ λαόν | και ειδον αλλον αγγελον πετωμενον εν μεσουρανηματι εχοντα ευαγγελιον αιωνιον ευαγγελισαι τους κατοικουντας επι της γης και παν εθνος και φυλην και γλωσσαν και λαον | και ειδον αγγελον πετομενον εν μεσουρανηματι εχοντα ευαγγελιον αιωνιον ευαγγελισαι τους καθημενους επι της γης και επι παν εθνος και φυλην και γλωσσαν και λαον |
| He declared in a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory because the hour of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!” | Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters. |
| λέγων ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν καὶ δότε αὐτῷ δόξαν, ὅτι ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα τῆς κρίσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσκυνήσατε τῷ ποιήσαντι τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν καὶ πηγὰς ὑδάτων | λεγοντα εν φωνη μεγαλη φοβηθητε τον θεον και δοτε αυτω δοξαν οτι ηλθεν η ωρα της κρισεως αυτου και προσκυνησατε τω ποιησαντι τον ουρανον και την γην και θαλασσαν και πηγας υδατων | λεγων εν φωνη μεγαλη φοβηθητε τον θεον και δοτε αυτω δοξαν οτι ηλθεν η ωρα της κρισεως αυτου και προσκυνησατε τω ποιησαντι τον ουρανον και την γην και την θαλασσαν και πηγας υδατων |
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Luke 1:14 (KJV) |
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| Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth, | And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. |
| καὶ ἔσται χαρά σοι καὶ ἀγαλλίασις καὶ πολλοὶ ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει αὐτοῦ χαρήσονται | και εσται χαρα σοι και αγαλλιασις και πολλοι επι τη γεννησει αυτου χαρησονται | και εσται χαρα σοι και αγαλλιασις και πολλοι επι τη γεννησει αυτου χαρησονται |
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Luke 1:61-63 (KJV) |
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| They said to her, “But none of your relatives bears this name.” | And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name. |
| καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτὴν ὅτι οὐδείς ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου ὃς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ | και ειπον προς αυτην οτι ουδεις εστιν εν τη συγγενεια σου ος καλειται τω ονοματι τουτω | και ειπον προς αυτην οτι ουδεις εστιν εν τη συγγενεια σου ος καλειται τω ονοματι τουτω |
| So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son. | And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. |
| ἐνένευον δὲ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό | ενενευον δε τω πατρι αυτου το τι αν θελοι καλεισθαι αυτον | ενενευον δε τω πατρι αυτου το τι αν θελοι καλεισθαι αυτον |
| He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed. | And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all. |
| καὶ αἰτήσας πινακίδιον ἔγραψεν λέγων· Ἰωάννης ἐστὶν ὄνομα αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐθαύμασαν πάντες | και αιτησας πινακιδιον εγραψεν λεγων ιωαννης εστιν το ονομα αυτου και εθαυμασαν παντες | και αιτησας πινακιδιον εγραψεν λεγων ιωαννης εστιν το ονομα αυτου και εθαυμασαν παντες |
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Luke 1:67 (KJV) |
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| Then his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, | And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying, |
| Καὶ Ζαχαρίας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἐπλήσθη πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ ἐπροφήτευσεν λέγων | και ζαχαριας ο πατηρ αυτου επλησθη πνευματος αγιου και προεφητευσεν λεγων | και ζαχαριας ο πατηρ αυτου επλησθη πνευματος αγιου και προεφητευσεν λεγων |
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Luke 1:69 (KJV) |
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| For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, | And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; |
| καὶ ἤγειρεν κέρας σωτηρίας ἡμῖν ἐν οἴκῳ Δαυὶδ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ, | και ηγειρεν κερας σωτηριας ημιν εν τω οικω δαβιδ του παιδος αυτου | και ηγειρεν κερας σωτηριας ημιν εν τω οικω δαυιδ του παιδος αυτου |
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Luke 1:74-76 (KJV) |
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| that we, being rescued from the hand of our enemies, may serve him without fear, | That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear, |
| ἀφόβως ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ρυσθέντας λατρεύειν αὐτῷ | αφοβως εκ χειρος των εχθρων ημων ρυσθεντας λατρευειν αυτω | αφοβως εκ χειρος των εχθρων ημων ρυσθεντας λατρευειν αυτω |
| in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live. | In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life. |
| ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πάσαις ταῖς ἡμέραις ἡμῶν | εν οσιοτητι και δικαιοσυνη ενωπιον αυτου πασας τας ημερας της ζωης ημων | εν οσιοτητι και δικαιοσυνη ενωπιον αυτου πασας τας ημερας της ζωης ημων |
| And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High. For you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways, | And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; |
| Καὶ σὺ δέ, παιδίον, προφήτης ὑψίστου κληθήσῃ· προπορεύσῃ γὰρ ἐνώπιον κυρίου ἑτοιμάσαι ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ | και συ παιδιον προφητης υψιστου κληθηση προπορευση γαρ προ προσωπου κυριου ετοιμασαι οδους αυτου | και συ παιδιον προφητης υψιστου κληθηση προπορευση γαρ προ προσωπου κυριου ετοιμασαι οδους αυτου |
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Luke 1:78 (KJV) |
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| Because of our God’s tender mercy, the dawn will break upon us from on high | Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us, |
| διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους θεοῦ ἡμῶν, ἐν οἷς ἐπισκέψεται ἡμᾶς ἀνατολὴ ἐξ ὕψους | δια σπλαγχνα ελεους θεου ημων εν οις επεσκεψατο ημας ανατολη εξ υψους | δια σπλαγχνα ελεους θεου ημων εν οις επεσκεψατο ημας ανατολη εξ υψους |
2 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπὶ here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.
3 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had καθημένους here, a form of κάθημαι, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had κατοικουντας (KJV: that dwell), a form of κατοικέω.
5 Revelation 14:7 (NET)
7 Genesis 20:8 (NET)
12 Genesis 20:14, 15 (NET)
13 Genesis 20:17, 18 (NET)
14 Genesis 21:10 (NET)
15 Genesis 21:12, 13 (NET)
17 Genesis 21:17 (NET)
19 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had γενέσει here, a form of γένεσις, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γεννησει, a form of γέννησις.
20 Luke 1:11-17 (NET)
21 Genesis 21:20a (NET)
22 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἶπαν here, a form of λέγω, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον.
23 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐκ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν.
24 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τῆς συγγενείας here in the genitive case, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the dative τη συγγενεια (KJV: kindred).
25 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had αὐτό here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτον (KJV: him).
26 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article το preceding name. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
27 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπροφήτευσεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προεφητευσεν. These seem to be alternate spellings of the same part of speech.
28 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τω preceding house. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
29 In the NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text David was spelled Δαυὶδ, and δαβιδ in the Stephanus Textus Receptus.
30 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the personal pronoun ημων here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
31 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had πάσαις ταῖς ἡμέραις here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πασας τας ημερας της ζωης (KJV: all the days of…life).
32 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had δέ following you. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.
33 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐνώπιον here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προ προσωπου (KJV: before the face).
34 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπισκέψεται here, a form of ἐπισκέπτομαι in the future tense, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επεσκεψατο (KJV: hath visited) in the aorist tense.