David’s friend Hushai arrived in the city, just as Absalom was entering Jerusalem.1 Absalom was suspicious of Hushai at first, Do you call this loyalty [See Addendum below] to your friend? Why didn’t you go with your friend?2 Hushai lied or told such a cleverly concealed truth that Absalom failed to unravel the riddle. No, I will be loyal to the one whom the Lord, these people, and all the men of Israel have chosen. Moreover, whom should I serve? Should it not be his son? Just as I served your father, so I will serve you.3 And so Hushai was established as both a spy and false counselor.
Absalom turned to Ahithophel for advice, What should we do?4 In those days Ahithophel’s advice was considered as valuable as a prophetic revelation. Both David and Absalom highly regarded the advice of Ahithophel.5 But when he learned that his trusted adviser had defected to Absalom, David had prayed, Make the advice of Ahithophel foolish (sâkal, סַכֶּל), O Lord!6 Samuel defined the word foolish for Saul: Then Samuel said to Saul, “You have made a foolish (sâkal, נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ) choice! You have not obeyed the commandment that the Lord your God gave you. Had you done that, the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever!”7
Ahithophel replied to Absalom, “Have sex with your father’s concubines whom he left to care for the palace. All Israel will hear that you have made yourself repulsive to your father. Then your followers will be motivated to support you.”8 I turned to the Jewish Virtual Library online to see if I could gain some insight how David might have felt about these women. I still don’t know if they were mistresses or chambermaids he bed a time or two. But I did find out something about Ahithophel’s advice.
“To lie with a monarch’s concubine was tantamount to usurpation of the throne (II Sam. 3:7; 16:21–22). For this reason Abner took Rizpah (II Sam. 3:7). The same concept stands behind Ahitophel’s advice to Absalom, to ‘go into his father’s concubines’ (16:21)…”9 So Ahithophel’s advice may or may not have been advantageous on the horizontal plane. Personally, I think it is sort of an open question how Absalom’s followers might have responded. On the vertical plane, however, Ahithophel advised a usurper of the throne, one not anointed nor chosen by God, to do a foolish thing and disobey one of his commandments10 publicly as his first royal act.
So they pitched a tent for Absalom on the roof, and Absalom had sex with his father’s concubines in the sight of all Israel.11 The Jewish Virtual Library article I quoted disagrees that this was a violation of God’s law regarding a father’s wife (a capital offence, by the way). “Nor does living with a man as his concubine create a kinship as an impediment to marriage between herself and any of the man’s relatives, or between the man and her relatives, as would be the case if she would be considered to be his wife (Rosh, Resp. no. 32:1; Oẓar ha-Posekim, EH26, n. 3).”12 The problem I see with this analysis is that there is no legislation concerning concubines in the Bible. The only way to know what a concubine was and what rights or obligations she had was from foreign law. Both the Assyrian Code and the Code of Hammurapi are referenced as sources for determining the legal status of a concubine in the above mentioned article.
God prophesied to David [See Addendum below], I will take your wives (Septuagint: γυναῖκάς, a form of γυνή) and hand them over to your companion. He will have sexual relations with your wives (Septuagint: γυναικῶν, another form of γυνή) in broad daylight! Although you have acted in secret, I will do this thing before all Israel, and in broad daylight.13 I am using the Greek here simply because I recognize the Greek alphabet better than the Hebrew. (In other words, I don’t know Greek a whole lot less than I don’t know Hebrew.) Both γυναῖκάς and γυναικῶν are plural forms of γυνή. Both instances are the same Hebrew word, too, according to the concordance. Both words can be translated wives or women.
In Ephesians 5:28 (NET) γυναικας was translated wives, In the same way husbands ought14 to love their wives (γυναικας) as their own bodies. In Matthew 14:21 (NET) γυναικων was translated women, Not counting women (γυναικων) and children, there were about five thousand men who ate. I won’t make an issue of whether 2 Samuel 12:11 should have been translated wives or women, because γυναικὸς in Leviticus 18:8 (NET) [See Addendum below] was translated wife, You must not have sexual intercourse with your father’s wife (Septuagint: γυναικὸς); she is your father’s nakedness, and in Leviticus 20:11 (NET) [See Addendum below], If a man has sexual intercourse with his father’s wife (Septuagint: γυναικὸς), he has exposed his father’s nakedness. Both of them must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.
Again, γυναικὸς is a singular form of gunē (γυνή), and the Hebrew word is also the same according to the concordance. In Matthew 19:10 (NET) [Table] γυναικος was translated wife, The15 disciples said to him, “If this is the case of a husband with a wife (γυναικος), it is better not to marry!” In John 4:9 (NET) γυνη and γυναικος were both translated woman, So the Samaritan16 woman (γυνη) said to him, “How can you – a Jew – ask me, a Samaritan17 woman (γυναικος), for water to drink?”18
So whether 2 Samuel 12:11 should have been translated David’s wives or women is immaterial, since the same word, both in Greek and Hebrew, was used in Leviticus 18:8 and 20:11. Since God was apparently satisfied when Absalom had sex with David’s concubines that Nathan’s prophesy about David’s wives or women was fulfilled, and since the only other way to distinguish David’s concubines from his wives or his women was by foreign law, I am going to assume that the category called concubine referred to a traditional practice that probably should not have been part of the thought of the kingdom of Israel.
That being said, however, it seems very likely that what God called Saul’s wives through Nathan the prophet were perceived by many in Israel as the concubines of David’s father-in-law:19 I gave you your master’s house, and put your master’s wives (Septuagint: γυναῖκάς) into your arms,20 when Nathan confronted David on God’s behalf. It puts some perspective on Absalom’s willingness to fall in with Ahithophel’s advice. He wanted his father’s concubines just like his father got his father-in-law’s concubines when David received the kingdom after Saul’s death. It makes me wonder what Absalom heard of his father’s life.
I assume Absalom was told all the stories about David. But what he heard seems to have been something less than the sum total of what he was told. He did not hear for instance that David was chosen (anointed) by God when Saul was rejected for his disobedience to God. Oh, perhaps he heard it in part. Maybe he assumed that David was, or should have been, rejected by God when he took Bathsheba and murdered Uriah, or if not then, perhaps when he failed to avenge Tamar, as Absalom himself had done. He certainly heard that Samuel used sacrifices to God as the cover to anoint David as king while Saul yet lived. He imitated that scene faithfully, minus of course the sanction of God or the presence of his prophet. He did not hear how his father David respected the Lord’s chosen or anointed one even after he was rejected by God, or he would have behaved differently toward his father. In fact, if he had any faith whatsoever in God or his choice, Absalom would not have challenged David at all.
The irony here was, though he was born a son of David, though he did everything he could to imitate David’s career outwardly, Absalom proved to be a man after Saul’s own heart: So Saul feared David, because the Lord was with him but had departed from Saul.21 And Absalom, like Saul before him, set himself to the task of finding a way to kill David.
Addendum: April 28, 2021
I won’t make too much of it since Absalom was speaking, but I was intrigued by loyalty:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| 2 Samuel 16:17 (Tanakh) | 2 Samuel 16:17 (NET) | 2 Reigns 16:17 (NETS) |
2 Kings 16:17 (English Elpenor) |
| And Absalom said to Hushai: ‘Is this thy kindness (חַסְדְּךָ֖) to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?’ | Absalom said to Hushai, “Do you call this loyalty (ḥeseḏ, חסדך) to your friend? Why didn’t you go with your friend?” | And Abessalom said to Chousi, “Is this your mercy (ἔλεός) with your companion? Why did you not go away with your companion?” | And Abessalom said to Chusi, [Is] this thy kindness (ἔλεός) to thy friend? why wentest thou not forth with thy friend? |
That kindness and mercy are joined in חַסְדְּךָ֖ (ḥeseḏ) makes perfect sense, though I’m not sure I could have accessed it that concretely. To hear kindness and mercy as loyalty, or faithfulness, is a minor revolution and a great relief in my thinking. I am too often tempted that I should be tougher than that.
A comparison of 2 Samuel 12:11 translated from the Hebrew of the Masoretic text and the Greek of the Septuagint follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| 2 Samuel 12:11 (Tanakh) Table | 2 Samuel 12:11 (NET) | 2 Reigns 12:11 (NETS) |
2 Kings 12:11 (English Elpenor) |
| Thus saith HaShem: Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives (נָשֶׁ֙יךָ֙) before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives (נָשֶׁ֔יךָ) in the sight of this sun. | This is what the Lord has said: ‘I am about to bring disaster on you from inside your own household! Right before your eyes I will take your wives (‘iššâ, נשיך) and hand them over to your companion. He will go to bed with your wives (‘iššâ, נשיך) in broad daylight! | This is what the Lord says: Behold, I am raising up trouble against you out of your own house, and I will take your wives (γυναῗκάς) before your eyes and give them to your neighbor, and he shall lie with your wives (γυναικῶν) before this sun. | Thus says the Lord, Behold, I will raise up against thee evil out of thy house, and I will take thy wives (γυναῖκάς) before thine eyes, and will give them to thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives (γυναικῶν) in the sight of this sun. |
A comparison of Leviticus 18:8 translated from the Hebrew of the Masoretic text and the Greek of the Septuagint follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Leviticus 18:8 (Tanakh) | Leviticus 18:8 (NET) | Leviticus 18:8 (NETS) |
Leviticus 18:8 (English Elpenor) |
| The nakedness of thy father’s wife (אֵֽשֶׁת) shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness. | You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife (‘iššâ, אשת); she is your father’s nakedness. | You shall not uncover the shame of your father’s wife (γυναικὸς); it is the shame of your father. | Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s wife (γυναικὸς); it is thy father’s nakedness. |
A comparison of Leviticus 20:11 translated from the Hebrew of the Masoretic text and the Greek of the Septuagint follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Leviticus 20:11 (Tanakh) Table | Leviticus 20:11 (NET) | Leviticus 20:11 (NETS) |
Leviticus 20:11 (English Elpenor) |
| And the man that lieth with his father’s wife (אֵ֣שֶׁת)–he hath uncovered his father’s nakedness–both of them shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. | If a man goes to bed with his father’s wife (‘iššâ, אשת), he has exposed his father’s nakedness. Both of them must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves. | And if anyone lies with his father’s wife (γυναικὸς), he has uncovered his father’s shame; let both of them by death be put to death; they are liable. | And if any one should lie with his father’s wife (γυναικὸς), he has uncovered his father’s nakedness: let them both die the death, they are guilty. |
Tables comparing 2 Samuel 15:37; 16:17; 16:18; 16:19; 16:20; 16:23; 1 Samuel 13:13; 2 Samuel 16:21; 16:22; Leviticus 18:8 and 1 Samuel 18:12 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 15:37; 16:17; 16:18; 16:19; 16:20; 16:23; 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 13:13; 2 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 16:21; 16:22; Leviticus 18:8 and 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 18:12 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Ephesians 5:28 and John 4:9 in the NET and KJV follow.
| 2 Samuel 15:37 (KJV) | ||
| So Hushai David’s friend came into the city; and Absalom was at the point of coming into Jerusalem. | So Hushai David’s friend came into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem. | So David’s friend Hushai arrived in the city, just as Absalom was entering Jerusalem. |
| καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Χουσι ὁ ἑταῗρος Δαυιδ εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ Αβεσσαλωμ εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς Ιερουσαλημ | καὶ εἰσῆλθε Χουσὶ ὁ ἑταῖρος Δαυὶδ εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἄρτι εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς ῾Ιερουσαλήμ |
| And Chousi, the companion of Dauid, entered into the city, and Abessalom was going into Ierousalem. | So Chusi the friend of David went into the city, and Abessalom was lately gone into Jerusalem. |
| 2 Samuel 16:17 (KJV) | ||
| And Absalom said to Hushai: ‘Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?’ | And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend? | Absalom said to Hushai, “Do you call this loyalty to your friend? Why didn’t you go with your friend?” |
| καὶ εἶπεν Αβεσσαλωμ πρὸς Χουσι τοῦτο τὸ ἔλεός σου μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου σου ἵνα τί οὐκ ἀπῆλθες μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου σου | καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πρὸς Χουσί· τοῦτο τὸ ἔλεός σου μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου σου; ἱνατί οὐκ ἀπῆλθες μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου σου |
| And Abessalom said to Chousi, “Is this your mercy with your companion? Why did you not go away with your companion?” | And Abessalom said to Chusi, [Is] this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not forth with thy friend? |
| 2 Samuel 16:18 (KJV) | ||
| And Hushai said unto Absalom: ‘Nay; but whom HaShem, and this people, and all the men of Israel have chosen, his will I be, and with him will I abide. | And Hushai said unto Absalom, Nay; but whom the LORD, and this people, and all the men of Israel, choose, his will I be, and with him will I abide. | Hushai replied to Absalom, “No, I will be loyal to the one whom the Lord, these people, and all the men of Israel have chosen. |
| καὶ εἶπεν Χουσι πρὸς Αβεσσαλωμ οὐχί ἀλλὰ κατόπισθεν οὗ ἐξελέξατο κύριος καὶ ὁ λαὸς οὗτος καὶ πᾶς ἀνὴρ Ισραηλ αὐτῷ ἔσομαι καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καθήσομαι | καὶ εἶπε Χουσὶ πρὸς ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ· οὐχί, ἀλλὰ κατόπισθεν οὗ ἐξελέξατο Κύριος καὶ ὁ λαὸς οὗτος καὶ πᾶς ἀνὴρ ᾿Ισραήλ, αὐτῷ ἔσομαι καὶ μετὰ αὐτοῦ καθήσομαι |
| And Chousi said to Abessalom, “No, but hereafter he whom the Lord and this people and every man of Israel have chosen, his I will be, and with him I will sit. | And Chusi said to Abessalom, Nay, but following whom the Lord, and this people, and all Israel have chosen,– his will I be, and with him I will dwell. |
| 2 Samuel 16:19 (KJV) | ||
| And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father’s presence, so will I be in thy presence.’ | And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father’s presence, so will I be in thy presence. | Moreover, whom should I serve? Should it not be his son? Just as I served your father, so I will serve you.” |
| καὶ τὸ δεύτερον τίνι ἐγὼ δουλεύσω οὐχὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθάπερ ἐδούλευσα ἐνώπιον τοῦ πατρός σου οὕτως ἔσομαι ἐνώπιόν σου | καὶ τὸ δεύτερον, τίνι ἐγὼ δουλεύσω; οὐχὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ; καθάπερ ἐδούλευσα ἐνώπιον τοῦ πατρός σου, οὕτως ἔσομαι ἐνώπιόν σου |
| And secondly, to whom will I be subject? Is it not in the presence of his son? Just as I was subject in the presence of your father, so I will be in your presence.” | And again, whom shall I serve? should I not in the presence of his son? As I served in the sight of thy father, so will I be in thy presence. |
| 2 Samuel 16:20 (KJV) | ||
| Then said Absalom to Ahithophel: ‘Give your counsel what we shall do.’ | Then said Absalom to Ahithophel, Give counsel among you what we shall do. | Then Absalom said to Ahithophel, “Give us your advice. What should we do?” |
| καὶ εἶπεν Αβεσσαλωμ πρὸς Αχιτοφελ φέρετε ἑαυτοῗς βουλὴν τί ποιήσωμεν | καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πρὸς ᾿Αχιτόφελ· φέρετε ἑαυτοῖς βουλὴν τί ποιήσωμεν |
| And Abessalom said to Achitophel, “Bring forth counsel among yourselves, what we should do.” | And Abessalom said to Achitophel, Deliberate among yourselves concerning what we should do. |
| 2 Samuel 16:23 (KJV) | ||
| Now the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man inquired of the word of G-d; so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom. | And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom. | In those days Ahithophel’s advice was considered as valuable as a prophetic revelation. Both David and Absalom highly regarded the advice of Ahithophel. |
| καὶ ἡ βουλὴ Αχιτοφελ ἣν ἐβουλεύσατο ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις ταῗς πρώταις ὃν τρόπον ἐπερωτήσῃ ἐν λόγῳ τοῦ θεοῦ οὕτως πᾶσα ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ Αχιτοφελ καί γε τῷ Δαυιδ καί γε τῷ Αβεσσαλωμ | καὶ ἡ βουλὴ ᾿Αχιτόφελ, ἣν ἐβουλεύσατο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταῖς πρώταις, ὃν τρόπον ἐπερωτήσῃ τις ἐν λόγῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὕτως πᾶσα ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ ᾿Αχιτόφελ καί γε τῷ Δαυὶδ καί γε τῷ ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ |
| And the counsel of Achitophel, which he counseled in the former days, was as if one were to inquire by a word of God; so was all the counsel of Achitophel, and indeed to Dauid and indeed to Abessalom. | And the counsel of Achitophel, which he counseled in former days, [was] as if one should enquire of the word of God: so [was] all the counsel of Achitophel both to David and also to Abessalom. |
| 1 Samuel 13:13 (KJV) | ||
| And Samuel said to Saul: ‘Thou hast done foolishly; thou hast not kept the commandment of HaShem thy G-d, which He commanded thee; for now would HaShem have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever. | And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever. | Then Samuel said to Saul, “You have made a foolish choice! You have not obeyed the commandment that the Lord your God gave you. Had you done that, the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever. |
| καὶ εἶπεν Σαμουηλ πρὸς Σαουλ μεματαίωταί σοι ὅτι οὐκ ἐφύλαξας τὴν ἐντολήν μου ἣν ἐνετείλατό σοι κύριος ὡς νῦν ἡτοίμασεν κύριος τὴν βασιλείαν σου ἕως αἰῶνος ἐπὶ Ισραηλ | καὶ εἶπε Σαμουὴλ πρὸς Σαούλ· μεματαίωταί σοι, ὅτι οὐκ ἐφύλαξας τὴν ἐντολήν μου, ἣν ἐνετείλατό σοι Κύριος, ὡς νῦν ἡτοίμασε Κύριος τὴν βασιλείαν σου ἐπὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ ἕως αἰῶνος |
| And Samouel said to Saoul, “You have done foolishly, for you did did not keep my commandment, which the Lord commanded you. As just now the Lord prepared your kingdom over Israel forever, | And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly; for thou hast not kept my command, which the Lord commanded thee, as now the Lord would have confirmed thy kingdom over Israel for ever. |
| 2 Samuel 16:21 (KJV) | ||
| And Ahithophel said unto Absalom: ‘Go in unto thy father’s concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father; then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.’ | And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father’s concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong. | Ahithophel replied to Absalom, “Sleep with your father’s concubines whom he left to care for the palace. All Israel will hear that you have made yourself repulsive to your father. Then your followers will be motivated to support you.” |
| καὶ εἶπεν Αχιτοφελ πρὸς Αβεσσαλωμ εἴσελθε πρὸς τὰς παλλακὰς τοῦ πατρός σου ἃς κατέλιπεν φυλάσσειν τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκούσεται πᾶς Ισραηλ ὅτι κατῄσχυνας τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ ἐνισχύσουσιν αἱ χεῗρες πάντων τῶν μετὰ σοῦ | καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Αχιτόφελ πρὸς ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ· εἴσελθε πρὸς τὰς παλλακὰς τοῦ πατρός σου, ἃς κατέλιπε φυλάσσειν τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκούσεται πᾶς ᾿Ισραὴλ ὅτι κατῄσχυνας τὸν πατέρα σου, καὶ ἐνισχύσουσιν αἱ χεῖρες πάντων τῶν μετὰ σοῦ |
| And Achitophel said to Abessalom, “Go in to the concubines of your father, whom he left behind to keep his house, and all Israel will hear that you put your father to shame, and the hands of all who are with you will be strengthened.” | And Achitophel said to Abessalom, Go in to thy father’s concubines, whom he left to keep his house; and all Israel shall hear that thou hast dishonoured thy father; and the hands of all that are with thee shall be strengthened. |
| 2 Samuel 16:22 (KJV) | ||
| So they spread Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father’s concubines in the sight of all Israel.– | So they spread Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father’s concubines in the sight of all Israel. | So they pitched a tent for Absalom on the roof, and Absalom slept with his father’s concubines in the sight of all Israel. |
| καὶ ἔπηξαν τὴν σκηνὴν τῷ Αβεσσαλωμ ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Αβεσσαλωμ πρὸς τὰς παλλακὰς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς παντὸς Ισραηλ | καὶ ἔπηξαν τὴν σκηνὴν τῷ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ πρὸς τὰς παλλακὰς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ κατ ὀφθαλμοὺς παντὸς ᾿Ισραήλ |
| And they pitched the tent for Abessalom upon the roof, and Abessalom went in to the concubines of his father in the sight of all Israel. | And they pitched a tent for Abessalom on the roof, and Abessalom went in to his father’s concubines in the sight of all Israel. |
| Leviticus 18:8 (KJV) | ||
| The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness. | The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness. | You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife; she is your father’s nakedness. |
| ἀσχημοσύνην γυναικὸς πατρός σου οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις ἀσχημοσύνη πατρός σού ἐστιν | ἀσχημοσύνην γυναικὸς πατρός σου οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις, ἀσχημοσύνη πατρὸς σού ἐστιν |
| You shall not uncover the shame of your father’s wife; it is the shame of your father. | Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s wife; it is thy father’s nakedness. |
| 1 Samuel 18:12 (KJV) | ||
| And Saul was afraid of David, because HaShem was with him, and was departed from Saul. | And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul. | So Saul feared David, because the Lord was with David but had departed from Saul. |
| καὶ ἐφοβήθη Σαουλ ἀπὸ προσώπου Δαυιδ | καὶ ἐφοβήθη Σαοὺλ ἀπὸ προσώπου Δαυίδ |
| And Saoul was afraid from before Dauid, | And Saul was alarmed on account of David. |
|
Ephesians 5:28 (KJV) |
|
| In the same way husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. | So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| οὕτως ὀφείλουσιν [καὶ] οἱ ἄνδρες ἀγαπᾶν τὰς ἑαυτῶν γυναῖκας ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα. ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα ἑαυτὸν ἀγαπᾷ | ουτως οφειλουσιν οι ανδρες αγαπαν τας εαυτων γυναικας ως τα εαυτων σωματα ο αγαπων την εαυτου γυναικα εαυτον αγαπα | ουτως οφειλουσιν οι ανδρες αγαπαν τας εαυτων γυναικας ως τα εαυτων σωματα ο αγαπων την εαυτου γυναικα εαυτον αγαπα |
|
John 4:9 (KJV) |
|
| So the Samaritan woman said to him, “How can you—a Jew—ask me, a Samaritan woman, for water to drink?” (For Jews use nothing in common with Samaritans.) | Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans. |
| Stephanus Textus Receptus | ||
| λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ Σαμαρῖτις· πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν παρ᾿ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης; |(οὐ γὰρ συγχρῶνται Ἰουδαῖοι Σαμαρίταις.)| | λεγει ουν αυτω η γυνη η σαμαρειτις πως συ ιουδαιος ων παρ εμου πιειν αιτεις ουσης γυναικος σαμαρειτιδος ου γαρ συγχρωνται ιουδαιοι σαμαρειταις | λεγει ουν αυτω η γυνη η σαμαρειτις πως συ ιουδαιος ων παρ εμου πιειν αιτεις ουσης γυναικος σαμαρειτιδος ου γαρ συγχρωνται ιουδαιοι σαμαρειταις |
1 2 Samuel 15:37 (NET)
2 2 Samuel 16:17 (NET)
3 2 Samuel 16:18, 19 (NET) See: David’s command to Hushai, 2 Samuel 15:34 (NET).
4 2 Samuel 16:20b (NET)
5 2 Samuel 16:23 (NET)
7 1 Samuel 13:13 (NET)
8 2 Samuel 16:21 (NET)
11 2 Samuel 16:22 (NET)
14 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had καὶ (possibly also) following ought. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.
15 The Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had αὐτοῦ (KJV: His) here. The NET parallel Greek text did not.
16 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had Σαμαρῖτις here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had σαμαρειτις.
17 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had Σαμαρίτιδος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had σαμαρειτιδος.
18 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had πεῖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πιειν.
21 1 Samuel 18:12 (NET)