This is a continuation of a consideration of the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew before Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah. The final clause of the first verse under consideration follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh) Table | Isaiah 53:10d (NET) | Isaiah 53:10d (NETS) |
Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English) |
| and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand (בְּיָד֥וֹ). | and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him (yāḏ, בידו). | And the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν) | the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from |
I had begun to consider other occurrences of forms ἀφαιρέω (Table) in Isaiah to get a feel for any potential relationship between ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) and בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ). Since a form of ἀφαιρέω was the translation of a form of סוּר (sûr) in two of the three examples I considered in the previous essay,[1] I’ll continue with those occurrences in Isaiah.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 1:16 (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 1:16 (NET) | Isaiah 1:16 (NETS) |
Isaiah 1:16 (Elpenor English) |
| Wash you, make you clean; put away (הָסִ֛ירוּ) the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; | Wash! Cleanse yourselves! Remove (sûr, הסירו) your sinful deeds from my sight. Stop sinning. | Wash yourselves; become clean; remove (ἀφέλετε) the evil deeds from your souls before my eyes; cease from your evil deeds; | Wash you, be clean; remove (ἀφέλετε) your iniquities from your souls before mine eyes; cease from your iniquities; |
What actually caught my attention here was the translation of מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם (maʿălāl)—of your doings (Tanakh/KJV), deeds (NET)—in the Septuagint: ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, from your souls (BLB/Elpenor). It is unique enough to call the originality of מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם into question in the Hebrew text from which the Septuagint was translated. Most occurrences were translated with forms of ἐπιτήδευμα: ἐπιτηδεύματα, ἐπιτηδεύμασι(ν) and ἐπιτηδευμάτων [See Table below].
I’ll consider a few examples here, starting with the other two occurrences in Isaiah.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 3:8 (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 3:8 (NET) | Isaiah 3:8 (NETS) |
Isaiah 3:8, 9a (Elpenor English) |
| For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings (וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙) are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory. | Jerusalem certainly stumbles, Judah falls, for their words and their actions (maʿălāl, ומעלליהם) offend the Lord; they rebel against his royal authority. | because Ierousalem has been abandoned and Judea has fallen and their tongues are joined with lawlessness (μετὰ ἀνομίας), being disobedient toward the things of the Lord; now therefore their glory has been brought low. | For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judea has fallen, and their tongues [have spoken] with iniquity (μετὰ ἀνομίας), disobedient [as they are] towards the Lord. (9) Wherefore now their glory has been brought low, |
The translation μετὰ ἀνομίας here lends some credence to the idea that ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν might actually be a translation of מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם (maʿălāl). The differences in the rest of the verse, however, inspire more doubt. The next example clarifies how their tongues are joined with lawlessness (BLB) and [have spoken] with iniquity (Elpenor) in the Septuagint.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 3:10 (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 3:10 (NET) | Isaiah 3:10 (NETS) |
Isaiah 3:10 (Elpenor English) |
| Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings (מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֖ם). | Tell the innocent it will go well with them, for they will be rewarded for what they have done (maʿălāl, מעלליהם). | saying, “Let us bind the just, for he is a nuisance to us.” Therefore they eat the fruit of their works (τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν). | saying against themselves, Let us bind the just, for he is burdensome to us: therefore shall they eat the fruits of their works (τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν). |
Let us bind the just, for he is a nuisance to us (NETS), for he is burdensome to us (Elpenor English), is hard not to hear as a prophetic foreshadowing of Saul (Acts 9:1, 2 NET):
Meanwhile Saul, still breathing out threats to murder the Lord’s disciples, went to the high priest and requested letters from him to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any who belonged to the Way, either men or women, he could bring them as prisoners to Jerusalem.
When I come across texts so dramatically different I favor the rabbis who translated the Septuagint over the Masoretes who edited the Scriptures according to Jewish tradition:
The Masoretic text refers to the authoritative version of the Hebrew Bible used universally by Jews today. This version was codified around the ninth century by a group of Jewish scholars known as the Masoretes, whose name derives from the Hebrew word mesorah, meaning tradition…
In traditional Jewish thought, every single letter of the Torah is believed to be the direct word of God, so great care was taken by early copyists to preserve the text perfectly. Nevertheless, certain errors in transmission crept in over time, as evidenced by variations among several early texts of the Bible.
The establishment of the Masoretic text was therefore considered an enormous accomplishment by establishing an authoritative version of Jewish scripture. Today, making any changes to the text, regardless of how scholarly sound they might seem, would be considered sacrilegious.[2]
Here are three examples from Jeremiah where a phrase was added to the Masoretic text or deleted from the Septuagint.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Jeremiah 21:12-14 (Tanakh/KJV) | Jeremiah 21:12-14 (NET) | Jeremiah 21:12-14 (NETS) |
Jeremiah 21:12-14 (Elpenor English) |
| O house of David, thus saith the LORD; Execute judgment in the morning, and deliver him that is spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor, lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings (מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם). | O royal family descended from David. The Lord says: ‘See to it that people each day are judged fairly. Deliver those who have been robbed from those who oppress them. Otherwise, my wrath will blaze out against you. It will burn like a fire that cannot be put out because of the evil that you have done (maʿălāl, מעלליכם). | O house of Dauid! This is what the Lord says: Execute judgment in the morning, and guide from the hand of him that wrongs him anyone who has been seized in order that my wrath may not be kindled like fire and burn, and there will be no one to quench it. | O house of David, thus saith the Lord; Judge judgment in the morning, and act rightly, and rescue the spoiled one from the hand of him that wrongs him, lest mine anger be kindled like fire, and it burn, and there be none to quench [it]. |
| Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; which say, Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations? | Listen, you who sit enthroned above the valley on a rocky plateau. I am opposed to you,’ says the Lord. ‘You boast, “No one can swoop down on us. No one can penetrate into our places of refuge.” | Behold, I am against you, the inhabitant of the valley of Sor, the plain, against those who say, “Who shall terrify us, or who shall enter into our dwelling place?” | Behold, I am against thee that dwellest in the valley of Sor; in the plain country, [even against] them that say, Who shall alarm us? or who shall enter into our habitation? |
| But I will punish you according to the fruit of your doings (מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם), saith the LORD: and I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it. | But I will punish you as your deeds (maʿălāl, מעלליכם) deserve,’ says the Lord. ‘I will set fire to your palace; it will burn up everything around it.’” | I will kindle a fire in its forest, and it shall devour all that is round about it. | And I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it. |
While my general assumption is that editors are more likely to alter text than translators, I have no particular insight here. It seems to me that lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that none can quench it was a threat regarding non-performance of righteousness rather than because of the evil of your doings, but I really don’t want to get into a cat fight over whether the “non-performance of righteousness” is evil. The translators of the NET explained their take on verse 13 in a long note (30). It certainly makes these three verses more lucid. I’m not spending enough time here to comment on accuracy.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Jeremiah 32:19 (Tanakh/KJV) | Jeremiah 32:19 (NET) | Jeremiah 39:19 (NETS) |
Jeremiah 39:19 (Elpenor English) |
| Great in counsel, and mighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings (מַֽעֲלָלָֽיו): | You plan great things and you do mighty deeds. You see everything people do. You reward each of them for the way they live and for the things they do (maʿălāl, מעלליו). | Lord of great counsel and powerful deeds, the great God Almighty, Lord of great name. Your eyes are on the ways of the sons of men, to give each according to his way, | the Lord of great counsel, and mighty in deeds, the great Almighty God, and Lord of great name: thine eyes are upon the ways of the children of men, to give to every one according to his way: |
Here, too, I just highlighted the differences: what is missing or added to the Masoretic text or the Septuagint. But it does lend weight to my consideration that the translation ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν (from your souls) was not a translation of מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם (maʿălāl) in Isaiah 1:16, though it doesn’t get me any closer to imagining what the actual Hebrew word was. I don’t want to leave a completely wrong impression, so an example where the ways and doings formula occurs in both the Masoretic text and Septuagint in Jeremiah follows:
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Jeremiah 4:18 (Tanakh/KJV) | Jeremiah 4:18 (NET) | Jeremiah 4:18 (NETS) |
Jeremiah 4:18 (Elpenor English) |
| Thy way and thy doings (וּמַֽ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ) have procured these things unto thee; this is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto thine heart. | “The way you have lived and the things you have done (maʿălāl, ומעלליך) will bring this on you. This is the punishment you deserve, and it will be painful indeed. The pain will be so bad it will pierce your heart.” | Your ways and your doings (τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου) have done these things to you. This is your wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reached your heart.” | Thy ways and thy devices (τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου) have brought these things upon thee; this is thy wickedness, for [it is] bitter, for it has reached to thy heart. |
While I have appreciated the camaraderie of the NET’s fixation on punishment, this is another example of how that fixation can completely obfuscate the meaning of the text. This is the punishment you deserve, and it will be painful indeed; [t]he pain will be so bad it will pierce your heart (NET), is significantly different from this is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto thine heart (Tanakh/KJV). And the latter translation is echoed in both versions of the Septuagint.
I’ll turn again to consider another form of סוּר (sûr) translated with a form of ἀφαιρέω in Isaiah.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 3:1 (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 3:1 (NET) | Isaiah 3:1 (NETS) |
Isaiah 3:1 (Elpenor English) |
| For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away (מֵסִ֚יר) from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water. | Look, the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies is about to remove (sûr, מסיר) from Jerusalem and Judah every source of security, including all the food and water, | Behold now the Sovereign, the Lord Sabaoth will take away (ἀφελεῗ) from Judea and from Ierousalem a strong man and a strong woman, strength of bread and strength of water, | Behold now, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, will take away (ἀφελεῖ) from Jerusalem and from Judea the mighty man and mighty woman, the strength of bread, and the strength of water, |
A table comparing the English translation of the Masoretic text of Isaiah 1:16 and 3:1 to the English translation of the Septuagint of Isaiah 53:10, 11a (53:11a) follows.
|
Masoretic Text |
Septuagint | ||
| Isaiah 1:16b (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 3:1b (Tanakh/KJV) | Isaiah 53:10d, 11a (NETS) |
Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English) |
| put away (הָסִ֛ירוּ) the evil of your doings from before mine eyes | the LORD of hosts, doth take away (מֵסִ֚יר) from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff | and the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν) from the pain of his soul | the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from the travail of his soul |
Looking at this table I might be forgiven for assuming that ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) was the Greek translation of a form of סוּר (sûr) in Hebrew, rather than a translation of a form of יָד (yāḏ) as it appears today in the Masoretic text. I’ll continue this consideration in another essay.
The table mentioned above listing all occurrences of forms of מַעֲלָל (maʿălāl) in the Masoretic text with their corresponding translations in the Septuagint follows:
|
Translations of forms of מַעֲלָל (maʿălāl) in the Septuagint |
|
| ἐπιτηδεύματα | Deuteronomy 28:20; Judges 2:19; Jeremiah 4:18, 7:3, 7:5, 11:18, 18:11, 23:2; 35:15 (42:15); Ezekiel 36:31; Hosea 12:2 (12:3); Micah 2:7; Zechariah 1:6 |
| ἐπιτηδεύμασι(ν) | 1 Samuel (1 Kings) 25:3; Psalm 106:29 (105:29), 106:39 (105:39); Proverbs 20:11; Micah 3:4 |
| ἐπιτηδευμάτων | Nehemiah 9:35; Psalm 28:4 (27:4); Jeremiah 4:4, 17:10, 23:22, 25:5, 26:3 (33:3); Hosea 9:15; Micah 7:13; Zechariah 1:4 |
| ἔργα | Jeremiah 26:13 (33:13) |
| ἔργων | Psalm 77:11 (76:12), 78:7 (77:7); Isaiah 3:10 |
| ἀνομίας | Isaiah 3:8 |
| πραγμάτων | Jeremiah 44:22 (51:22) |
| διαβούλια | Hosea 4:9, 5:4, 7:2 |
| N/A | Jeremiah 21:12, 21:14, 32:19 (39:19) |
Tables comparing Isaiah 1:16; 3:8; 3:10; Jeremiah 21:12; 21:13; 21:14; 32:19; 4:18 and Isaiah 3:1 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Isaiah 1:16; 3:8; 3:10; Jeremiah 21:12; 21:13; 21:14; 32:19 (39:19); 4:18 and Isaiah 3:1 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.
| Isaiah 1:16 (KJV) | ||
| Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; | Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; | Wash! Cleanse yourselves! Remove your sinful deeds from my sight. Stop sinning. |
| λούσασθε καθαροὶ γένεσθε ἀφέλετε τὰς πονηρίας ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου παύσασθε ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν | λούσασθε καὶ καθαροὶ γίνεσθε, ἀφέλετε τὰς πονηρίας ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου, παύσασθε ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν |
| Wash yourselves; become clean; remove the evil deeds from your souls before my eyes; cease from your evil deeds; | Wash you, be clean; remove your iniquities from your souls before mine eyes; cease from your iniquities; |
| Isaiah 3:8 (Tanakh) | Isaiah 3:8 (KJV) | |
| For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory. | For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory. | Jerusalem certainly stumbles, Judah falls, for their words and their actions offend the Lord; they rebel against his royal authority. |
| ὅτι ἀνεῗται Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἡ Ιουδαία συμπέπτωκεν καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν μετὰ ἀνομίας τὰ πρὸς κύριον ἀπειθοῦντες διότι νῦν ἐταπεινώθη ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν | ὅτι αἰνεῖται ῾Ιερουσαλήμ, καὶ ἡ ᾿Ιουδαία συμπέπτωκε, καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν μετὰ ἀνομίας, τὰ πρὸς Κύριον ἀπειθοῦντες· διότι νῦν ἐταπεινώθη ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν |
| because Ierousalem has been abandoned and Judea has fallen and their tongues are joined with lawlessness, being disobedient toward the things of the Lord; now therefore their glory has been brought low. | For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judea has fallen, and their tongues [have spoken] with iniquity, disobedient [as they are] towards the Lord. (9) Wherefore now their glory has been brought low, |
| Isaiah 3:10 (KJV) | ||
| Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. | Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. | Tell the innocent it will go well with them, for they will be rewarded for what they have done. |
| εἰπόντες δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῗν ἐστιν τοίνυν τὰ γενήματα τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν φάγονται | εἰπόντες· δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον, ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῖν ἐστι· τοίνυν τὰ γεννήματα τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν φάγονται |
| saying, “Let us bind the just, for he is a nuisance to us.” Therefore they eat the fruit of their works. | saying against themselves, Let us bind the just, for he is burdensome to us: therefore shall they eat the fruits of their works. |
| Jeremiah 21:12 (KJV) | ||
| O house of David, thus saith the LORD; Execute judgment in the morning, and deliver him that is spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor, lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. | O house of David, thus saith the LORD; Execute judgment in the morning, and deliver him that is spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor, lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. | O royal family descended from David. The Lord says: ‘See to it that people each day are judged fairly. Deliver those who have been robbed from those who oppress them. Otherwise, my wrath will blaze out against you. It will burn like a fire that cannot be put out because of the evil that you have done. |
| οἶκος Δαυιδ τάδε λέγει κύριος κρίνατε τὸ πρωὶ κρίμα καὶ κατευθύνατε καὶ ἐξέλεσθε διηρπασμένον ἐκ χειρὸς ἀδικοῦντος αὐτόν ὅπως μὴ ἀναφθῇ ὡς πῦρ ἡ ὀργή μου καὶ καυθήσεται καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων | οἶκος Δαυίδ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος· κρίνατε πρωΐ κρίμα καὶ κατευθύνατε καὶ ἐξέλεσθε διηρπασμένον ἐκ χειρὸς ἀδικοῦντος αὐτόν, ὅπως μὴ ἀναφθῇ ὡς πῦρ ἡ ὀργή μου καὶ καυθήσεται, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων |
| O house of Dauid! This is what the Lord says: Execute judgment in the morning, and guide from the hand of him that wrongs him anyone who has been seized in order that my wrath may not be kindled like fire and burn, and there will be no one to quench it. | O house of David, thus saith the Lord; Judge judgment in the morning, and act rightly, and rescue the spoiled one from the hand of him that wrongs him, lest mine anger be kindled like fire, and it burn, and there be none to quench [it]. |
| Jeremiah 21:13 (KJV) | ||
| Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; which say, Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations? | Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; which say, Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations? | Listen, you who sit enthroned above the valley on a rocky plateau. I am opposed to you,’ says the Lord. ‘You boast, “No one can swoop down on us. No one can penetrate into our places of refuge.” |
| ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πρὸς σὲ τὸν κατοικοῦντα τὴν κοιλάδα Σορ τὴν πεδινὴν τοὺς λέγοντας τίς πτοήσει ἡμᾶς ἢ τίς εἰσελεύσεται πρὸς τὸ κατοικητήριον ἡμῶν | ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πρός σε τὸν κατοικοῦντα τὴν κοιλάδα Σόρ, τὴν πεδεινήν, τοὺς λέγοντας· τίς πτοήσει ἡμᾶς; ἢ τίς εἰσελεύσεται πρὸς τὸ κατοικητήριον ἡμῶν |
| Behold, I am against you, the inhabitant of the valley of Sor, the plain, against those who say, “Who shall terrify us, or who shall enter into our dwelling place?” | Behold, I am against thee that dwellest in the valley of Sor; in the plain country, [even against] them that say, Who shall alarm us? or who shall enter into our habitation? |
| Jeremiah 21:14 (KJV) | ||
| But I will punish you according to the fruit of your doings, saith the LORD: and I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it. | But I will punish you according to the fruit of your doings, saith the LORD: and I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it. | But I will punish you as your deeds deserve,’ says the Lord. ‘I will set fire to your palace; it will burn up everything around it.’” |
| καὶ ἀνάψω πῦρ ἐν τῷ δρυμῷ αὐτῆς καὶ ἔδεται πάντα τὰ κύκλῳ αὐτῆς | καὶ ἀνάψω πῦρ ἐν τῷ δρυμῷ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἔδεται πάντα τὰ κύκλῳ αὐτῆς |
| I will kindle a fire in its forest, and it shall devour all that is round about it. | And I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it. |
| Jeremiah 32:19 (KJV) | ||
| Great in counsel, and mighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings: | Great in counsel, and mighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings: | You plan great things and you do mighty deeds. You see everything people do. You reward each of them for the way they live and for the things they do. |
| κύριος μεγάλης βουλῆς καὶ δυνατὸς τοῗς ἔργοις ὁ θεὸς ὁ μέγας ὁ παντοκράτωρ καὶ μεγαλώνυμος κύριος οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δοῦναι ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ | Κύριος μεγάλης βουλῆς καὶ δυνατὸς τοῖς ἔργοις, ὁ Θεὸς ὁ μέγας, ὁ παντοκράτωρ καὶ μεγαλώνυμος Κύριος· οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δοῦναι ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ |
| Lord of great counsel and powerful deeds, the great God Almighty, Lord of great name. Your eyes are on the ways of the sons of men, to give each according to his way, | the Lord of great counsel, and mighty in deeds, the great Almighty God, and Lord of great name: thine eyes are upon the ways of the children of men, to give to every one according to his way: |
| Jeremiah 4:18 (KJV) | ||
| Thy way and thy doings have procured these things unto thee; this is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto thine heart. | Thy way and thy doings have procured these things unto thee; this is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto thine heart. | “The way you have lived and the things you have done will bring this on you. This is the punishment you deserve, and it will be painful indeed. The pain will be so bad it will pierce your heart.” |
| αἱ ὁδοί σου καὶ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου ἐποίησαν ταῦτά σοι αὕτη ἡ κακία σου ὅτι πικρά ὅτι ἥψατο ἕως τῆς καρδίας σου | αἱ ὁδοί σου καὶ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου ἐποίησαν ταῦτά σοι· αὕτη ἡ κακία σου, ὅτι πικρά, ὅτι ἥψατο ἕως τῆς καρδίας σου |
| Your ways and your doings have done these things to you. This is your wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reached your heart.” | Thy ways and thy devices have brought these things upon thee; this is thy wickedness, for [it is] bitter, for it has reached to thy heart. |
| Isaiah 3:1 (KJV) | ||
| For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water. | For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water, | Look, the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies is about to remove from Jerusalem and Judah every source of security, including all the food and water, |
| ἰδοὺ δὴ ὁ δεσπότης κύριος σαβαωθ ἀφελεῗ ἀπὸ τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν ἰσχὺν ἄρτου καὶ ἰσχὺν ὕδατος | ΙΔΟΥ δὴ ὁ δεσπότης Κύριος σαβαὼθ ἀφελεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν, ἰσχὺν ἄρτου καὶ ἰσχὺν ὕδατος |
| Behold now the Sovereign, the Lord Sabaoth will take away from Judea and from Ierousalem a strong man and a strong woman, strength of bread and strength of water, | Behold now, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, will take away from Jerusalem and from Judea the mighty man and mighty woman, the strength of bread, and the strength of water, |