Matthew 8:23-34

This passage was assigned in the preaching course I’m taking. It is extra to any assignment in the book:

Christ-Centered Preaching: Redeeming the Expository Sermon, 3rd Edition by Bryan Chapell

It’s preface is Jesus’ response to an unnamed disciple asking leave to bury his father: Follow me, and leave the dead to bury their own dead.1

And when he got into the boat, his disciples followed him.2 And behold, there arose a great storm on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves; but he was asleep. And they3 went and woke him, saying, “Save us, Lord; we4 are perishing.” And he said to them, “Why are you afraid, O you of little faith?” Then he rose and rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm. And the men marveled, saying, “What sort of man is this, that even winds and sea obey him?”

And when he came5 to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes,6 two demon-possessed men met him, coming out of the tombs, so fierce that no one could pass that way. And behold, they cried out, “What have you to do with us, O7 Son of God? Have you come here to torment us before the time?” Now a herd of many pigs was feeding at some distance from them. And the demons8 begged (παρεκάλουν, a form of παρακαλέω) him, saying, “If you cast us out, send us away9 into the herd of pigs.” And he said to them, “Go.” So they came out and went into the pigs, and behold, the whole herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea and drowned in the waters [Table]. The herdsmen fled, and going into the city they told everything, especially what had happened to the demon-possessed men. And behold, all the city came out to meet10 Jesus, and when they saw him, they begged (παρεκάλεσαν, another form of παρακαλέω) him to leave their region.11

The assignment was to determine the SOS, EMP, CTA and RTC for this passage. These acronyms are my Pastor’s technique for establishing a Fallen Condition Focus (FCF). The acronyms mean: Source of Sorrow (SOS), Empowering Grace (EMP), Call to Action (CTA) and Road to Christ (RTC).

Source of Sorrow (SOS)

No one but the demons recognized Jesus as God in human flesh: two demon-possessed men met12 Jesus and cried out, “What have you to do with us, O Son of God?13 In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text they even called Him by name: Jesus (ιησου).

John made it clear that Nathanael was a possible exception (John 1:47-49 ESV):

Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and said of him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit!” Nathanael said to him, “How do you know me?” Jesus14 answered him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” Nathanael answered15 him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are the16 King of Israel!”

But Nathanael, perhaps better known as Bartholomew, was either not present or profoundly silent in these two stories. Matthew acknowledged Peter and John as potentially among those disciples who followed him (ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ) into the boat17 (Matthew 4:18-22 ESV).

While walking by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen [Table]. And he said to them, “Follow me (δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου), and I will make you fishers of men.” Immediately they left their nets and followed him (ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ). And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them. Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him (ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ).

The Holy Spirit had not yet revealed Jesus’ identity to Peter (Matthew 16:15-17 ESV):

[Jesus] said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Simon Peter replied, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” And Jesus answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven [Table].

It would be many years before John wrote his majestic description of Jesus (John 1:1-5, 14 ESV):

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it…

And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

At this particular time Peter and John were apparently among the men (ἄνθρωποι, a form of ἄνθρωπος) who marveled, saying, “What sort of man is this (ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος), that even winds and sea obey (ὑπακούουσιν, a form of ὑπακούω) him?”18 It caught my attention that Matthew and the Holy Spirit called them men here rather than disciples. It reminded me of Paul’s complaint to the Corinthians over a different issue: are you not of the flesh and behaving only in a human way (κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, another form of ἄνθρωπος)?19 Presumably, the men continued to accompany Jesus, but disciples followed him as Lord and Christ, the Son of God in human flesh.

Jesus’ disciples are not mentioned again in Matthew’s Gospel account until he was called by Jesus (Matthew 9:9, 10 ESV).

As Jesus passed on from there, he saw a man called Matthew sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him.

And as Jesus reclined at table in the house, behold, many tax collectors and sinners came and were reclining with Jesus and his disciples (τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ).

Empowering Grace (EMP)

Jesus is God in human flesh (Matthew 17:1-9 ESV).

…Jesus took with him Peter and James, and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light [Table]. And behold, there appeared20 to them Moses21 and Elijah, talking with him. And Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good that we are here. If you wish, I will make22 three tents here, one for you and one for Moses23 and one for Elijah.” He was still speaking when, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him.” When the disciples heard this, they fell24 on their faces and were terrified (ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα). But Jesus came and touched25 them, saying, “Rise, and have no fear (φοβεῖσθε, another form of φοβέω).” And when they lifted up their eyes, they saw no one but Jesus only.

And as they were coming down26 the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Tell no one the vision, until the Son of Man is raised27 from the dead.”

I’m more like Peter than I want to admit. Confronted with an unimaginable circumstance, his mind scrambled to make sense of it by latching on to an application, what he could, or should, do to make sense of it all. Whether I will make (ποιήσω in the NA27 and NA28) or let us make (ποιησωμεν in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text) is the more original text, the point is the same: Peter alone will make, or enlist James and John and lead them to make, three tents here, one for you and one for Moses and one for Elijah.28

As he made Jesus equal to Moses the lawgiver and Elijah the prophet who was taken up into heaven in a fiery chariot, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud29 gave Peter the true understanding of the vision: This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.30 And the voice terrified Peter with the true application, what he should do in response to this vision: listen to him.31

Matthew recorded an incident which occurred the night Jesus was arrested: And behold, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear.32 It is easy, perhaps, to muddle the significance of this action. Only John, many years later named the assailant of the high priest’s servant: Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant and cut off his right ear.33

Peter had made his motive and intent quite clear to Jesus (Matthew 16:21, 22 ESV):

From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised. And Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, “Far be it from you, Lord! This shall never happen to you.”

And Jesus had made his assessment of Peter’s motive and intent quite clear to Peter (Matthew 16:23 ESV):

But he turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me (ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου), Satan (σατανᾶ, a form of σατανᾶς)! You are a hindrance to me. For you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of man” [Table].

Matthew also recorded Jesus’ response to Peter’s drawn sword (Matthew 26:52, 53 ESV [Table]):

Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place. For all who take the sword will perish by the sword. Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels?

I have no idea if Peter thought that or not. He had seen Jesus demonstrate his power and authority over the winds and the sea (Matthew 8:26b ESV) and over demons (Matthew 8:32b ESV). I assume he thought that Jesus, if properly motivated, could end all that transpired that night with a word. But Peter had also witnessed how patient and gracious Jesus was in response to the pleas of his frightened disciples (Matthew 8:25-26), demons (Matthew 8:29-32) and even Gentile villagers who begged Him to leave (Matthew 8:33-34). The postscript to these two stories reads (Matthew 9:1 ESV):

And getting into a34 boat he crossed over and came to his own city.

Call to Action (CTA)

The Call to Action is implied in the first verse of the passage: his disciples followed him (Matthew 8:23b ESV), bolstered by the preface, “Follow me, and leave the dead to bury their own dead.”35 But how?

Peter followed Jesus literally for a few years. A voice from a bright cloud warned him to listen to Jesus after he had rebuked Jesus for saying that He would be killed, and on the third day be raised. Later Jesus said, “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.”36 But Peter’s drawn sword indicates that he held fast to his own religious belief: This shall never happen to you.

Jesus had instructed his disciples earlier that night (Matthew 26:31, 32 ESV):

“You will all fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered[Table]. But after I am raised up, I will go before you to Galilee.”

He applied the prophetic Scripture to his disciples (Zechariah 13:7 [Table]):

“Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me,” declares the Lord of hosts.
“Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered; I will turn my hand against the little ones.

Peter listened neither to Jesus nor the prophet Zechariah (Matthew 26:33 ESV):

Peter answered him, “Though they all fall away because of you, I will never fall away” [Table].

So Jesus prophesied to Peter (Matthew 26:34 ESV):

Jesus said to him, “Truly, I tell you, this very night, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.”

But Peter refused to listen to Him and encouraged, if not led, the rest of Jesus’ disciples to follow his mutiny (Matthew 26:35 ESV):

Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you!” And all the disciples said the same.

Frankly, I’ve never heard a sermon on Peter’s denial of Christ that didn’t at least imply an application that Peter should have played the man and proved both Jesus’ word and the Scripture false. Peter and the other disciples had one simple task to perform that night: Scatter. Stay alive. And then they were to regroup in Galilee three days later after Jesus’ resurrection.

So now, I see Peter, standing with his drawn sword, defying the will of God, the prophetic Scripture and Jesus Christ. Had he succeeded in his mission he would have become the enemy of every person alive at that time, every person who had ever lived up to that time, and every person who will live since that time, by robbing them of God’s salvation through his Son Jesus the Christ. Jesus didn’t let Peter succeed as his, and our, “enemy” or “adversary.”

He asked Peter a question (Matthew 26:54-56 ESV):

“But how then should the Scriptures be fulfilled, that it must be so?” At that hour Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? Day after day I sat in the temple teaching, and you did not seize me [Table]. But all this has taken place that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.

Road to Christ (RTC)

Peter’s time with Jesus wasn’t wasted. Once he and Jesus’ other disciples received the indwelling Holy Spirit sent by the Father, they were dramatically changed that very day. And here my likeness to Peter abruptly ends. Though I had received Jesus’ Holy Spirit after asking to know God, though I received a voracious appetite for the Bible after I received his Holy Spirit after I asked to know God, it wasn’t long before my religious mind came roaring back with a vengeance.

“Follow me,” Jesus’ oft repeated37 command stirred me but didn’t seem particularly practical since his ascension. I squandered most of my appetite and the God-given energy to satisfy that appetite in the early years searching the Bible for applications: rules I could obey to prove what I could do for God.

It took many years to realize that I could sit down with God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit, and follow Him through the Bible, and get to know Him through the Scriptures. Duh! It took even more time to realize that knowing Him through his word and his Spirit transformed me into his likeness far better than any desire or effort of mine. And it took many more years for me to stop feeling guilty about all the time I “wasted” studying the Bible with Him when I “should” have been “doing” something “more productive.”

A voice from a bright cloud commanded Peter, James and John: listen (ἀκούετε, a form of ἀκούω) to him. Luke recorded a story about a woman who did just that, though she had never heard a voice from a bright cloud (Luke 10:38-40 ESV):

Now38 as they went on their way, Jesus39 entered a village. And a woman named Martha welcomed him into her house.40 And she had a sister called Mary, who sat at the Lord’s feet and listened (ἤκουεν, another form of ἀκούω) to his teaching [Table]. But Martha was distracted with much serving (πολλὴν διακονίαν, a form of διακονία). And she went up to him and said, “Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to serve (διακονεῖν, an infinitive form of διακονέω) alone? Tell her then to help me.”

Jesus’ answer to Martha played no small role in helping me overcome my guilt studying the Bible, for Martha was directly serving Jesus’ immediate needs when he answered her (Luke 10:41, 42 ESV):

But the Lord41 answered her, “Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled42 about many things, but one thing is necessary (χρεία). Mary43 has chosen the good portion, which will not be taken away from44 her.”

I recall being moved by a sermon on this story when I was young. It’s difficult to date when, but I must have been between nine and eleven. I could read the Bible and I was still talking to my mother about things like my reactions to a sermon. She hadn’t liked it. I don’t remember her words, only the emotional response I had to them; namely, that Jesus was unnecessarily harsh with Martha, and ultimately unfair to her. I did notice that preachers and Sunday school teachers covered for Jesus quite often, when He seemed unnecessarily harsh and ultimately unfair to people. Over time, I suppose, I just began to assume that Jesus was unnecessarily harsh and ultimately unfair to people.

I should probably get back to the text I’m supposed to be studying (Matthew 8:26a ESV):

And [Jesus] said to them, “Why are you afraid, O you of little faith?”

My assumption that Jesus was unnecessarily harsh and ultimately unfair to people coupled with the belief that faith was not a gift of God but entirely up to me, made Jesus’ words fairly meaningless. Rather, the meaning I ascribed to them had nothing to do with Jesus’ words. O you of little faith might as well have been “O you damned destined to burn in the lake of fire for all eternity!” That made his question unintelligible except as an expletive of utter exasperation, resignation or despair.

Who in his right mind would even want to hang out with this guy, much less follow him? But it is hard to imagine anything more painfully obvious in the Gospel accounts of Jesus’ ministry on earth than this: sinners liked to hang out with Jesus. It was those with religious minds who wanted Him dead.

Paul wrote, when I want to do right, evil lies close at hand.45 And I prove his word true every moment of every day I live. Eventually, the Holy Spirit got me to take on O you of little faith directly. Looking at Greek text was still kind of a new thing for me. My first thought was that the phrase wasn’t even there. But by carefully looking up every word in the verse, I discovered that the “phrase” was one word in Greek: ὀλιγόπιστοι, a plural form of the adjective ὀλιγόπιστος.

What!?

My high school French came to mind: “My little cabbage” may not be exactly what I want to be called by anyone, but it was received as an endearing term by enough French-speaking people that mon petit chou was taught in my first semester class. It began to dawn on me that ὀλιγόπιστοι was Jesus’ pet name for his disciples: “my little faiths, my incredulous.” Only then did I fully recognize that He didn’t refuse to calm the storm because his “little faiths” were afraid: Then he rose and rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm.46

I want to consider this storm before taking on Jesus’ question directly. I don’t spend much time on the water. I’ve spent most of my life in the middle of the United States of America. So, apart from the occasional tornado, a storm is something that happens in the sky. They are usually enjoyable to watch if one has the time. The Greek word translated storm in this passage was σεισμὸς, the etymological origin of the English word seismic. The disciples weren’t admiring some phenomenon happening afar off in the heavens. They were riding out an earthquake in the sea: great waves mounding up over their heads, crashing mountains of water down upon them, swamping their boat—and Jesus was asleep.

When I first moved to Florida, I had a mostly sleepless night through my first hurricane. I’ve lived through tornadoes, even two I heard right overhead. The Lord protected me and all that was mine. Driving in the dark through the Texas panhandle, my phone alerted me that a tornado had been sighted between mile marker x and y—my exact location. There was no place to pull off and hide. So I sped up and prayed until I got safely to Amarillo, where I could stop for the night. But a hurricane was a new experience. In the morning, however, I realized I’d wasted the night awake. I had slept through worse storms in both St. Louis and Chicago.

Be that as it may, whenever a hurricane was forecast and I was expected to drive recording equipment to a show from my home in Florida, I left early at my own expense to make sure the job got done. Regardless of the harm one may or may not suffer from a hurricane, traffic and travel times could be disrupted. And “at my own expense” usually meant that I stayed in hotels on points I had received from hotels paid for by my employer, and ate in restaurants on leftover per diem from other shows.

I assume then that Jesus’ question—Why are you afraid—was not about prudence. “We have an innate drive to survive this storm and until You woke up and calmed the storm things were not looking promising” would not have been a valid answer. The Greek word translated afraid was δειλοί, a plural form of δειλός: “timid, fearful, cowardly, fainthearted; miserable, wretched, worthless; deserving pity, deserving contempt.” Perhaps, the easiest way to answer Jesus’ question is to consider why Jesus, in exactly the same circumstance, was not “timid, fearful, cowardly, fainthearted; miserable, wretched, worthless; deserving pity, deserving contempt.”

Jesus was conceived (γεννηθὲν, a form of γεννάω)…from the Holy Spirit (ἐκ πνεύματος ἐστιν ἁγίου): As Joseph considered divorcing Mary because she was pregnant with Jesus behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph, son of David, do not fear (φοβηθῇς, a form of φοβέω) to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit.47

He was in the world, John wrote of Jesus, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him. He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, who were born (ἐγεννήθησαν, another form of γεννάω), not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God (ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ θεοῦ).48

Jesus received the Spirit of God ([τὸ] πνεῦμα [τοῦ] θεοῦ): And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him [Table]; and behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”49

Now when they heard [Peter preach after he had received the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1-36)] they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?” And Peter said to them, “Repent (μετανοήσατε, an imperative form of μετανοέω) and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit (τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος) [Table]. For the promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself.” And with many other words he bore witness and continued to exhort them, saying, “Save yourselves from this crooked generation.” So those who received his word were baptized, and there were added that day about three thousand souls [Table].50

Jesus was led (ἀνήχθη, a form of ἀνάγω)…by the Spirit (ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος) and believed the Scriptures (Matthew 4:1-10 ESV):

Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. And after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. And the tempter came and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread.” But he answered, “It is written,

“‘Man51 shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God’” [Table].52

Then the devil took him to the holy city and set him on the pinnacle of the temple [Table] and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down, for it is written,

“‘He will command his angels concerning you,’
and
“‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.’”53

Jesus said to him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’”54 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory. And he said to him, “All these I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me.” Then Jesus said to him, “Be gone, Satan! For it is written,

“‘You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve’” [Table].55

For all who are led by the Spirit of God (πνεύματι θεοῦ ἄγονται, a form of ἄγω) are sons of God,56 Paul wrote to the Romans. But I say, he wrote To the churches of Galatia,57 walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. For the desires of the flesh are against the Spirit, and the desires of the Spirit are against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, to keep you from doing the things you want to do [Table]. But if you are led by the Spirit (πνεύματι ἄγεσθε, another form of ἄγω), you are not under the law58 (Romans 8:2-4 ESV):

For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death [Table]. For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

Follow me, Jesus—conceived from the Spirit, having received the Spirit of God, led by the Spirit and believing the Scriptures—said. And so, I return with the tempter’s Scriptural applications still ringing in my ears, to Peter, standing with his drawn sword, forcing his “heart and nerve and sinew”59 not to be “timid, fearful, cowardly, fainthearted; miserable, wretched, worthless; deserving pity, deserving contempt.”

But at that particular place, at that particular time, there was only one meaningful way to follow Jesus, one relevant application: “Scatter.” And at that particular place, at that particular time, none of Jesus’ disciples had the faith in the word of the only true God, or in Jesus Christ whom He sent, to do so willingly. Rather, they fled against their wills, contrary to their own stated beliefs or intentions, because God is faithful.

I find it to be a law that when I want to do right (τὸ καλόν, a form of καλός; i.e., “the beautiful”), evil lies close at hand.60 Given that, if I attempt to do right by following a complicated list of sometimes contradictory applications—I, or anyone else, has derived from Scripture—I am as likely as not to think, say or do the wrong thing at the wrong place at the wrong time. And it is completely unnecessary since now we can enter by the new and living way that he opened for us through61 his death and resurrection; He who was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord.62 Follow Him.

According to a note (118) in the NET, Jesus alluded to Psalm 32:2 in John 1:47. A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ allusion with that of the Septuagint follows.

John 1:47b (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 32:2b (Septuagint BLB) Table

Psalm 31:2b (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐν δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν

οὐδὲ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ δόλος

οὐδέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ δόλος

John 1:47b (NET)

Psalm 31:2b (NETS)

Psalm 31:2b (English Elpenor)

in whom there is no deceit

in his mouth there is no deceit

and [in]* whose mouth there is no guile

Tables comparing Matthew 8:22; 8:25; 8:28, 29; 8:31; 8:34; John 1:48, 49; Matthew 17:3, 4; 17:6, 7; 17:9; 9:1; Luke 10:38 and 10:41, 42 in the KJV and NET follow.

Matthew 8:22 (NET)

Matthew 8:22 (KJV)

But Jesus said to him, “Follow me, and let the dead bury their own dead.” But Jesus said unto him, Follow me; and let the dead bury their dead.

Matthew 8:22 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:22 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:22 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτῷ· ἀκολούθει μοι καὶ ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτω ακολουθει μοι και αφες τους νεκρους θαψαι τους εαυτων νεκρους ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτω ακολουθει μοι και αφες τους νεκρους θαψαι τους εαυτων νεκρους

Matthew 8:25 (NET)

Matthew 8:25 (KJV)

So they came and woke him up saying, “Lord, save us! We are about to die!” And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us: we perish.

Matthew 8:25 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:25 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:25 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ προσελθόντες ἤγειραν αὐτὸν λέγοντες· κύριε, σῶσον, ἀπολλύμεθα και προσελθοντες οι μαθηται αυτου ηγειραν αυτον λεγοντες κυριε σωσον ημας απολλυμεθα και προσελθοντες οι μαθηται ηγειραν αυτον λεγοντες κυριε σωσον ημας απολλυμεθα

Matthew 8:28, 29 (NET)

Matthew 8:28, 29 (KJV)

When he came to the other side, to the region of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men coming from the tombs met him. They were extremely violent, so that no one was able to pass by that way. And when he was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man might pass by that way.

Matthew 8:28 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:28 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:28 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Καὶ ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ πέραν εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν ὑπήντησαν αὐτῷ δύο δαιμονιζόμενοι ἐκ τῶν μνημείων ἐξερχόμενοι, χαλεποὶ λίαν, ὥστε μὴ ἰσχύειν τινὰ παρελθεῖν διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐκείνης και ελθοντι αυτω εις το περαν εις την χωραν των γεργεσηνων υπηντησαν αυτω δυο δαιμονιζομενοι εκ των μνημειων εξερχομενοι χαλεποι λιαν ωστε μη ισχυειν τινα παρελθειν δια της οδου εκεινης και ελθοντι αυτω εις το περαν εις την χωραν των γεργεσηνων υπηντησαν αυτω δυο δαιμονιζομενοι εκ των μνημειων εξερχομενοι χαλεποι λιαν ωστε μη ισχυειν τινα παρελθειν δια της οδου εκεινης
They cried out, “Son of God, leave us alone! Have you come here to torment us before the time?” And, behold, they cried out, saying, What have we to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God? art thou come hither to torment us before the time?

Matthew 8:29 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:29 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:29 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἔκραξαν λέγοντες· τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, υἱὲ τοῦ θεοῦ; ἦλθες ὧδε πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς και ιδου εκραξαν λεγοντες τι ημιν και σοι ιησου υιε του θεου ηλθες ωδε προ καιρου βασανισαι ημας και ιδου εκραξαν λεγοντες τι ημιν και σοι ιησου υιε του θεου ηλθες ωδε προ καιρου βασανισαι ημας

Matthew 8:31 (NET)

Matthew 8:31 (KJV)

Then the demons begged him, “If you drive us out, send us into the herd of pigs.” So the devils besought him, saying, If thou cast us out, suffer us to go away into the herd of swine.

Matthew 8:31 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:31 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:31 (Byzantine Majority Text)

οἱ δὲ δαίμονες παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν λέγοντες· εἰ ἐκβάλλεις ἡμᾶς, ἀπόστειλον ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἀγέλην τῶν χοίρων οι δε δαιμονες παρεκαλουν αυτον λεγοντες ει εκβαλλεις ημας επιτρεψον ημιν απελθειν εις την αγελην των χοιρων οι δε δαιμονες παρεκαλουν αυτον λεγοντες ει εκβαλλεις ημας επιτρεψον ημιν απελθειν εις την αγελην των χοιρων

Matthew 8:34 (NET)

Matthew 8:34 (KJV)

Then the entire town came out to meet Jesus. And when they saw him, they begged him to leave their region. And, behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus: and when they saw him, they besought him that he would depart out of their coasts.

Matthew 8:34 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 8:34 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 8:34 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἰδοὺ πᾶσα ἡ πόλις ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ὑπάντησιν τῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν παρεκάλεσαν ὅπως μεταβῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν και ιδου πασα η πολις εξηλθεν εις συναντησιν τω ιησου και ιδοντες αυτον παρεκαλεσαν οπως μεταβη απο των οριων αυτων και ιδου πασα η πολις εξηλθεν εις συναντησιν τω ιησου και ιδοντες αυτον παρεκαλεσαν οπως μεταβη απο των οριων αυτων

John 1:48, 49 (NET)

John 1:48, 49 (KJV)

Nathanael asked him, “How do you know me?” Jesus replied, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee.

John 1:48 (NET Parallel Greek)

John 1:48 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

John 1:48 (Byzantine Majority Text)

λέγει αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· πόθεν με γινώσκεις; ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν εἶδον σε λεγει αυτω ναθαναηλ ποθεν με γινωσκεις απεκριθη ο ιησους και ειπεν αυτω προ του σε φιλιππον φωνησαι οντα υπο την συκην ειδον σε λεγει αυτω ναθαναηλ ποθεν με γινωσκεις απεκριθη ιησους και ειπεν αυτω προ του σε φιλιππον φωνησαι οντα υπο την συκην ειδον σε
Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king of Israel!” Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel.

John 1:49 (NET Parallel Greek)

John 1:49 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

John 1:49 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· ραββί, σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, σὺ βασιλεὺς εἶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ απεκριθη ναθαναηλ και λεγει αυτω ραββι συ ει ο υιος του θεου συ ει ο βασιλευς του ισραηλ απεκριθη ναθαναηλ και λεγει αυτω ραββι συ ει ο υιος του θεου συ ει ο βασιλευς του ισραηλ

Matthew 17:3, 4 (NET)

Matthew 17:3, 4 (KJV)

Then Moses and Elijah also appeared before them, talking with him. And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him.

Matthew 17:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 17:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 17:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἰδοὺ ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Μωϋσῆς καὶ Ἠλίας συλλαλοῦντες μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ και ιδου ωφθησαν αυτοις μωσης και ηλιας μετ αυτου συλλαλουντες και ιδου ωφθησαν αυτοις μωσης και ηλιας μετ αυτου συλλαλουντες
So Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If you want, I will make three shelters—one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias.

Matthew 17:4 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 17:4 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 17:4 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ· κύριε, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι· εἰ θέλεις, ποιήσω ὧδε τρεῖς σκηνάς, σοὶ μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν αποκριθεις δε ο πετρος ειπεν τω ιησου κυριε καλον εστιν ημας ωδε ειναι ει θελεις ποιησωμεν ωδε τρεις σκηνας σοι μιαν και μωση μιαν και μιαν ηλια αποκριθεις δε ο πετρος ειπεν τω ιησου κυριε καλον εστιν ημας ωδε ειναι ει θελεις ποιησωμεν ωδε τρεις σκηνας σοι μιαν και μωση μιαν και μιαν ηλια

Matthew 17:6, 7 (NET)

Matthew 17:6, 7 (KJV)

When the disciples heard this, they were overwhelmed with fear and threw themselves down with their faces to the ground. And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid.

Matthew 17:6 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 17:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 17:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ μαθηταὶ ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα και ακουσαντες οι μαθηται επεσον επι προσωπον αυτων και εφοβηθησαν σφοδρα και ακουσαντες οι μαθηται επεσον επι προσωπον αυτων και εφοβηθησαν σφοδρα
But Jesus came and touched them. “Get up,” he said. “Do not be afraid.” And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid.

Matthew 17:7 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 17:7 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 17:7 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ προσῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἁψάμενος αὐτῶν εἶπεν· ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε και προσελθων ο ιησους ηψατο αυτων και ειπεν εγερθητε και μη φοβεισθε και προσελθων ο ιησους ηψατο αυτων και ειπεν εγερθητε και μη φοβεισθε

Matthew 17:9 (NET)

Matthew 17:9 (KJV)

As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about the vision until the Son of Man is raised from the dead.” And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead.

Matthew 17:9 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 17:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 17:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Καὶ καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· μηδενὶ εἴπητε τὸ ὅραμα ἕως οὗ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ και καταβαινοντων αυτων απο του ορους ενετειλατο αυτοις ο ιησους λεγων μηδενι ειπητε το οραμα εως ου ο υιος του ανθρωπου εκ νεκρων αναστη και καταβαινοντων αυτων εκ του ορους ενετειλατο αυτοις ο ιησους λεγων μηδενι ειπητε το οραμα εως ου ο υιος του ανθρωπου εκ νεκρων αναστη

Matthew 9:1 (NET)

Matthew 9:1 (KJV)

After getting into a boat he crossed to the other side and came to his own town. And he entered into a ship, and passed over, and came into his own city.

Matthew 9:1 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 9:1 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 9:1 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Καὶ ἐμβὰς εἰς πλοῖον διεπέρασεν καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν και εμβας εις το πλοιον διεπερασεν και ηλθεν εις την ιδιαν πολιν και εμβας εις το πλοιον διεπερασεν και ηλθεν εις την ιδιαν πολιν

Luke 10:38 (NET)

Luke 10:38 (KJV)

Now as they went on their way, Jesus entered a certain village where a woman named Martha welcomed him as a guest. Now it came to pass, as they went, that he entered into a certain village: and a certain woman named Martha received him into her house.

Luke 10:38 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 10:38 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 10:38 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Ἐν δὲ τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς κώμην τινά· γυνὴ δέ τις ὀνόματι Μάρθα ὑπεδέξατο αὐτόν εγενετο δε εν τω πορευεσθαι αυτους και αυτος εισηλθεν εις κωμην τινα γυνη δε τις ονοματι μαρθα υπεδεξατο αυτον εις τον οικον αυτης εγενετο δε εν τω πορευεσθαι αυτους και αυτος εισηλθεν εις κωμην τινα γυνη δε τις ονοματι μαρθα υπεδεξατο αυτον εις τον οικον αυτης

Luke 10:41, 42 (NET)

Luke 10:41, 42 (KJV)

But the Lord answered her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and troubled about many things, And Jesus answered and said unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things:

Luke 10:41 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 10:41 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 10:41 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ κύριος· Μάρθα Μάρθα, μεριμνᾷς καὶ θορυβάζῃ περὶ πολλά αποκριθεις δε ειπεν αυτη ο ιησους μαρθα μαρθα μεριμνας και τυρβαζη περι πολλα αποκριθεις δε ειπεν αυτη ο ιησους μαρθα μαρθα μεριμνας και τυρβαζη περι πολλα
but one thing is needed. Mary has chosen the best part; it will not be taken away from her.” But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her.

Luke 10:42 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 10:42 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 10:42 (Byzantine Majority Text)

|ἑνὸς| δέ ἐστιν χρεία · Μαριὰμ γὰρ τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται αὐτῆς ενος δε εστιν χρεια μαρια δε την αγαθην μεριδα εξελεξατο ητις ουκ αφαιρεθησεται απ αυτης ενος δε εστιν χρεια μαρια δε την αγαθην μεριδα εξελεξατο ητις ουκ αφαιρεθησεται απ αυτης

1 Matthew 8:22b (ESV)

3 The Stephanus Textus Receptus had οι μαθηται αυτου (KJV: his disciples) and the Byzantine Majority Text had οι μαθηται (“the disciples”) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

4 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ημας here in the accusative case, accentuating the WE who are perishing (ἀπολλύμεθα), whether that WE included Jesus or not. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not. I can see how ημας here might turn a studious pastor’s focus toward the failure of Jesus’ disciples and away from the grace of God.

7 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ιησου (KJV: Jesus) preceding Son of God. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

11 Matthew 8:23-34 (ESV)

12 Matthew 8:28b (ESV)

13 Matthew 8:29b (ESV)

14 The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

15 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και λεγει (KJV: and saith) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

16 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ο preceding King. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

17 Matthew 8:23 (ESV)

18 Matthew 8:27 (ESV)

19 1 Corinthians 3:3b (ESV) Table

20 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ὤφθη, a singular form of ὁράω in the passive voice here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the plural ωφθησαν.

22 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ποιήσω, a 1st person singular form of ποιέω in the indicative mood here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the 1st person plural ποιησωμεν (KJV: let us make) in the subjunctive mood.

24 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἔπεσαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επεσον. These appear to be alternate spellings for the same part of speech, though επεσον may also be understood as a 1st person singular form of πίπτω.

26 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐκ (NET: from) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had απο (KJV: from).

27 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐγερθῇ, a form of ἐγείρω here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αναστη (KJV: be risen again), a form of ἀνίστημι.

28 Matthew 17:4b (ESV)

29 Matthew 17:5b (ESV)

30 Matthew 17:5c (ESV)

31 Matthew 17:5d (ESV)

32 Matthew 26:51 (ESV)

33 John 18:10a (ESV) Table

34 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article το preceding boat. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

35 Matthew 8:22b (ESV)

36 Matthew 26:2 (ESV)

38 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εγενετο (KJV: it came to pass) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

39 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: that) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

40 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εις τον οικον αυτης (KJV: into her house) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

43 In the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 Mary was spelled Μαριὰμ with γὰρ following. In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text Mary was spelled μαρια, followed by δε (KJV: and).

45 Romans 7:21b (ESV)

46 Matthew 8:26b (ESV)

47 Matthew 1:20 (ESV) Table

48 John 1:10-13 (ESV)

49 Matthew 3:16, 17 (ESV)

50 Acts 2:37-41 (ESV)

51 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

52 For a table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation with that of the Septuagint see: Nothing True, Part 2.

53 For tables comparing the Greek of these quotations with that of the Septuagint see: A Monotonous Cycle Revisited, Part 3.

54 For a table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation with that of the Septuagint see: A Monotonous Cycle Revisited, Part 3.

55 For tables comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to that of the Septuagint see: Romans, Part 4.

56 Romans 8:14 (ESV)

57 Galatians 1:2b (ESV)

58 Galatians 5:16-18 (ESV)

59 From the poem “If,” by Rudyard Kipling. This was my Dad’s favorite poem: Who Am I? Part 4

60 Romans 7:21 (ESV)

61 Hebrews 10:20a (ESV)

62 Romans 1:4b (ESV)

A Door of Hope, Part 2

And I will give her possessions from thence, and the valley of Achor to open her understanding:[1]  This rendering of Hosea 2:15a (2:17a in the Septuagint) hit me like a bolt.  It seemed too important to think “of Achan’s confession as the door or opportunity of/for hope,” and to relate “it to John’s letter,” to ever call that relationship into question.

The Hebrew word translated door (NET: Opportunity) was לְפֶ֣תַח (NET parallel Hebrew: לפתח [pethach]).  It was translated διανοῗξαι (open)—a form of διανοίγω—in the Septuagint.  The same words were translated open and “open wide” in Ezekiel.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 21:22[2] (Tanakh) Ezekiel 21:22 (NET) Ezekiel 21:22 (NETS)

Ezekiel 21:22 (English Elpenor)

At his right hand was the divination for Jerusalem, to appoint captains, to open (לִפְתֹּ֚חַ) the mouth in the slaughter, to lift up the voice with shouting, to appoint battering rams against the gates, to cast a mount, and to build a fort. Into his right hand comes the portent for Jerusalem—to set up battering rams, to give (pethach, לפתח) the signal[3] for slaughter, to shout out the battle cry, to set up battering rams against the gates, to erect a siege ramp, to build a siege wall. And the oracular response came against Ierousalem, to throw up a palisade, to open wide (διανοῗξαι) a mouth in a shout, to raise up high a voice with a cry, to throw up a palisade against its gates and to put up a ramp and to build batteries of war engines. On his right was the divination against Jerusalem, to cast a mound, to open (διανοῖξαι) the mouth in shouting, to lift up the voice with crying, to cast a mound against her gates, to cast up a heap, and to build forts.

The Hebrew word translated hope from the Masoretic text was תִּקְוָ֑ה.  It was translated σύνεσιν (understanding)—a form of σύνεσις—in the Septuagint.  I had to run תקוה (without vowel points) through Morfix to get any result:

Morfix Translation

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
תִּקְוָ֑ה תקוה hope תִּקְוָה hope; התקווה – Hatikva (Israel’s national anthem)
קִוָּה to hope
נִקְוָה to pool (water)

Perhaps someone could argue that the rabbis paraphrased hope as understanding.  But as I studied the other Hebrew words they translated σύνεσιν (Table below) and the other differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, I was obliged to consider that the Septuagint may be more original here, despite my fondness for “a door of hope.”

As I worked on the table of σύνεσιν I heard a preacher prophesy that the corona virus was God’s punishment for my (literally: “all Americans”) greed and worship of sex, among other things.  I’m becoming so practiced at not thinking of the vicissitudes of life as crime and punishment that I decided not to reject this prophesy out of hand.  I fell asleep, however, without arriving at any specific conclusions.

Asleep, I dreamed that I committed adultery with my neighbor’s wife.  We stopped before we got too far but my lust was obvious: I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to desire her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.[4]  Though I awoke grieving[5] I was grateful my covetousness expressed itself in a dream rather than entangling my neighbor, his wife and countless others.  I think this may be part of the meaning of he condemned sin in the flesh (Romans 8:2-4 NET Table):

For the law of the life-giving Spirit in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and death.  For God achieved what the law could not do because it was weakened through the flesh.  By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and concerning sin, he condemned (κατέκρινεν, a form of κατακρίνω) sin in the flesh, so that the righteous requirement of the law may be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

[W]hen I want to do good, evil is present with me.[6]  Still, I praise the Lord Jesus and God our Father whenever the sin in my flesh remains condemned (damned, judged against, sentenced, pronounced guilty) in my flesh, as opposed to seeing the light of day.  I’ll consider it a partial victory until His complete victory (1 Corinthians 15:50-58) has come.  And without making any judgment regarding the truth of the preacher’s prophecy, I plan to—Endure[7] hardship as discipline; God is treating [me] as [one of] his children[8]—rather than attempting to ferret out what, if any, sins He may or may not be punishing.

I had already been drifting toward the conclusion that I had misunderstood the story of Achan in the valley of Achor.  My adulterous dream helped sharpen my focus.  The question was not: How could such an excellent confession result in the death (Joshua 7:16-26) of Achan and his family?  That was a fixation of my personal history.  The question was: How could a covetous sinner (e.g., one such as I am) live in a holy land among a holy people?

I hope the answer is obvious: Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’[9]  And I will give herthe valley of Achor to open her understanding is a fresh opportunity to understand Christ’s gift of new life.  There is a synopsis of σύνεσιν (understanding) in the four occurrences in Isaiah:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 27:11b (Tanakh) Isaiah 27:11b (NET) Isaiah 27:11b (NETS)

Isaiah 27:11b (Elpenor English)

for it is a people of no understanding (בִּינוֹת֙): therefore he that made them will not have mercy on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. For these people lack understanding (bı̂ynâh, בינות), therefore the one who made them has no compassion on them; the one who formed them has no mercy on them. For it is not a people having understanding (σύνεσιν); therefore he that made them will not have compassion, nor will he that formed them have mercy. for it is a people of no understanding (σύνεσιν); therefore he that made them shall have no pity upon them, and he that formed them shall have no mercy [upon them].

A people of no understanding will have no mercy from he that made them and he that formed them will shew them no favour.   So God’s intention to show Israel both mercy and favour was made clear by giving them the valley of Achor to open [their] understanding.  That is certainly a door of hope but a door of hope obfuscates that understanding.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 29:13, 14 (Tanakh) Isaiah 29:13, 14 (NET) Isaiah 29:13, 14 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:13, 14 (Elpenor English)

Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men: The Lord says, “These people say they are loyal to me; they say wonderful things about me, but they are not really loyal to me.  Their worship consists of nothing but man-made ritual. The Lord said: These people draw near me; they honor me with their lips, while their heart is far from me, and in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts and teachings. And the Lord has said, This people draw nigh to me with their mouth, and they honour me with their lips, but their heart is far from me: but in vain do they worship me, teaching the commandments and doctrines of men.
Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding (וּבִינַ֥ת) of their prudent men shall be hid. Therefore I will again do an amazing thing for these people—an absolutely extraordinary deed.  Wise men will have nothing to say, the sages will have no explanations (bı̂ynâh, ובינת).” Therefore look, I will proceed to remove this people.  I will remove them and destroy the wisdom of the wise, and the discernment (σύνεσιν) of the discerning I will hide. Therefore behold I will proceed to remove this people, and I will remove them: and I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will hide the understanding (σύνεσιν) of the prudent.

Here, the wisdom and understanding of those teaching the precept of men (English Elpenor: the commandments and doctrines of men) would perish and would be hid.  The Masoretic text in English translation called it a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder, while an English rendering of the words the rabbis translated reads: I will proceed to remove this people, and I will remove them.  The first Greek word translated remove was μετατεθῆναι (BLB: μεταθεῗναι) and the second was μεταθήσω.  All are forms of μετατίθημι.

Assuming that the Septuagint better reflects the Hebrew original, it seems odd to call the removal of the people who draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder.  It would make more sense if the Masoretes thought this people corresponded to the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision.[10]  But then, why cover up their removal?

There is another meaning of μετατίθημι.  The Greek of the Septuagint might have been translated, I will proceed to [change the nature of] this people, and I will [induce] them [to change their minds].  And suddenly, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder, becomes an honest assessment.  It  completely disguises, however, how close the original was to Jesus’ words: Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’  Here is a New Testament example of another form of μετατίθημι (Hebrews 7:12 NET):

For when the priesthood changes (μετατιθεμένης), a change (μετάθεσις) in the law must come as well.

Here are other examples of forms of μετατίθημι the rabbis used to translate Hebrew words in the Septuagint:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Genesis 5:24 (Tanakh) Genesis 5:24 (NET) Genesis 5:24 (NETS)

Genesis 5:24 (Elpenor English)

And Enoch walked with G-d, and he was not; for G-d took (לָקַ֥ח) him. Enoch walked with God, and then he disappeared because God took (lâqach, לקח) him away. And Henoch was well pleasing to God, and he was not found, because God transferred (μετέθηκεν) him. And Enoch was well-pleasing to God, and was not found, because God translated (μετέθηκεν) him.

1 Kings 21:25 (Tanakh)

1 Kings 21:25 (NET) 3 Reigns 20:25 (NETS)

3 Kings 20:25 (English Elpenor)

But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up (הֵסַ֥תָּה). (There had never been anyone like Ahab, who was firmly committed to doing evil in the sight of the Lord, urged on (sûth, הסתה) by his wife Jezebel. (Yet, Achaab did act foolishly when he sold himself to do what was evil before the Lord, as his wife Iezabel led him astray (μετέθηκεν), But Achaab [did] wickedly, in that he sold himself to do that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as his wife Jezabel led him astray (μετέθηκεν).

Hosea 5:10 (Tanakh)

Hosea 5:10 (NET) Hosea 5:10 (NETS)

Hosea 5:10 (English Elpenor)

The princes of Judah were like them that remove (כְּמַסִּיגֵ֖י) the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. The princes of Judah are like those who move (nâsag, כמסיגי) boundary markers.  I will pour out my rage on them like a torrential flood. The rulers of Ioudas have become like those who remove (μετατιθέντες) landmarks; on them I will pour out my onslaught like water. The princes of Juda became as they that removed (μετατιθέντες) the bounds: I will pour out upon them my fury as water.

Isaiah 29:17 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 29:17 (NET) Isaiah 29:17 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:17 (English Elpenor)

Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned (וְשָׁ֥ב) into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? In just a very short time Lebanon will turn (shûb, ושב) into an orchard, and the orchard will be considered a forest. Is it not yet a little while, and Lebanon shall be changed (μετατεθήσεται) like Mount Chermel, and Mount Chermel shall be regarded as a forest? [Is it] not yet a little while, and Libanus shall be changed (μετατεθήσεται) as the mountains of Chermel, and Chermel shall be reckoned as a forest?

Deuteronomy 27:17 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (NET) Deuteronomy 27:17 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (English Elpenor)

Cursed be he that removeth (מַסִּ֖יג) his neighbour’s landmark.  And all the people shall say: Amen. ‘Cursed is the one who moves (nâsag, מסיג) his neighbor’s boundary marker.’  Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’ “Cursed be he who moves (μετατιθεὶς) a neighbor’s boundaries.”  And all the people shall say, “May it be!” Cursed is he that removes (μετατιθεὶς) his neighbour’s landmarks: and all the people shall say, So be it.

Psalm 46:2 (Tanakh)

Psalm 46:2 (NET) Psalm 45:3 (NETS)

Psalm 45:3 (English Elpenor)

Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried (וּבְמ֥וֹט) into the midst of the sea; For this reason we do not fear when the earth shakes, and the mountains tumble (môṭ, ובמוט) into the depths of the sea, Therefore we will not fear, when the earth is troubled and mountains be transposed (μετατίθεσθαι) in hearts of seas. Therefore will we not fear when the earth is troubled, and the mountains are removed (μετατίθεσθαι) into the depths of the seas.

Proverbs 23:10 (Tanakh)

Proverbs 23:10 (NET) Proverbs 23:10 (NETS)

Proverbs 23:10 (English Elpenor)

Remove (תַּ֖סֵּג) not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless: Do not move (nâsag, תסג) an ancient boundary stone, or take over the fields of the fatherless, Do not relocate (μεταθῇς) ancient borders, nor enter the possession of orphans. Remove (μεταθῇς) not the ancient landmarks; and enter not upon the possession of the fatherless:

It seems that the rabbis employed forms of μετατίθημι to imply some kind of change, if not transformation.  The next item in the synopsis of understanding (σύνεσιν) was a promise of transformation:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 29:24 (Tanakh) Isaiah 29:24 (NET) Isaiah 29:24 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:24 (Elpenor English)

They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding (בִּינָ֑ה), and they that murmured shall learn doctrine. Those who stray morally will gain understanding (bı̂ynâh, בינה); those who complain will acquire insight. And those who wander in spirit will know understanding (σύνεσιν), and those who grumble will learn to obey, [and the faltering tongues will learn to speak peace]. And they that erred in spirit shall know understanding (σύνεσιν), and the murmurers shall learn obedience, and the stammering tongues shall learn to speak peace.

The final item in the synopsis of understanding was God’s assessment of those taught by the precept of men (English Elpenor: the commandments and doctrines of men).

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 56:10-12 (Tanakh) Isaiah 56:10-12 (NET) Isaiah 56:10-12 (NETS)

Isaiah 56:10-12 (Elpenor English)

His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. All their watchmen are blind, they are unaware.  All of them are like mute dogs, unable to bark. They pant, lie down, and love to snooze. Observe that all have become totally blind; they have not learned how to think; they are all silent dogs; they will not be able to bark, dreaming in bed, loving to slumber. See how they are all blinded: they have not known; [they are] dumb dogs [that] will not bark; dreaming of rest, loving to slumber.
Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand (הָבִ֑ין): they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. The dogs have big appetites; they are never full.  They are shepherds who have no understanding (bı̂yn, הבין); they all go their own way, each one looking for monetary gain. The dogs are shameless in their soul, not knowing satisfaction.  They are evil, not knowing understanding (σύνεσιν).  They have all followed their own ways, each in the same manner. Yea, they are insatiable dogs, that know not what it is to be filled, and they are wicked, having no understanding (σύνεσιν): all have followed their own ways, each according to his [will].
Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant. Each one says, ‘Come on, I’ll get some wine!  Let’s guzzle some beer!  Tomorrow will be just like today!  We’ll have everything we want!’

In the Hebrew text the rabbis translated there was no mention of watchmen: See how they are all blinded.  There was no mention of shepherds.  There was no subterfuge about monetary gain, wine, beer or strong drink.  The text they translated was laser-focused that all are wicked, having no understanding (σύνεσιν): all have followed their own ways, each according to his [will].  In other words, all (not just the watchmen and shepherds) were not born from above, not led by the Spirit of God, not the sons of GodIf God were your Father, [Jesus said to those Judeans who had believed him[11]] you would love me, for I have come from God and am now here.  I have not come on my own initiative, but he sent me.[12]

A table of the occurrences of σύνεσιν in the Blue Letter Bible version of the Septuagint (with my best guess for the Hebrew word each translates) follows:

Septuagint Greek Masoretic Hebrew
Reference Blue Letter Bible Elpenor Chabad.org NET Parallel Hebrew
Hosea 2:15 (2:17) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν תִּקְוָ֑ה תקוה (tiqvâh)
Exodus 31:6 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν חָכְמָ֑ה חכמה (chokmâh)
1 Kings (3 Kings) 3:11 σύνεσιν συνιεῖν הָבִ֖ין הבין (bı̂yn)
1 Chronicles 12:32 (12:33) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִינָה֙ בינה (bı̂ynâh)
1 Chronicles 22:12 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּבִינָ֔ה ובינה (bı̂ynâh)
1 Chronicles 28:19 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν הִשְׂכִּ֑יל השׁכיל (śâkal)
2 Chronicles 1:10 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּמַדַּע֙ ומדע (maddâʽ)
2 Chronicles 1:11 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּמַדָּ֔ע ומדע (maddâʽ)
2 Chronicles 1:12 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וְהַמַּדָּ֖ע והמדע (maddâʽ)
2 Chronicles 2:12 (2:11) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּבִינָ֔ה ובינה (bı̂ynâh)
2 Chronicles 2:13 (2:12) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִּינָ֖ה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
2 Chronicles 30:22 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν שֵֽׂכֶל שׁכל (śekel)
Job 6:30 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν יָבִ֥ין יבין (bı̂yn)
Job 12:20 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וְטַ֖עַם וטעם (ṭaʽam)
Job 21:22 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν ? ?
Job 22:2 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν ? ?
Job 38:4 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִינָֽה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Psalm 42:1 (41:1, 2) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν מַשְׂכִּ֥יל משׁכיל (maśkı̂yl)
Psalm 44:1 (43:1, 2) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν מַשְׂכִּֽיל משׁכיל (maśkı̂yl)
Psalm 45:1 (44:1) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν מַ֜שְׂכִּ֗יל משׁכיל (maśkı̂yl)
Psalm 49:3 (48:4; 49:4) σύνεσιν σύνεσιν תְבוּנֽוֹת תבונות (tabuwn)
Proverbs 9:6 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִּינָֽה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Isaiah 27:11 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִּינוֹת֙ בינות (bı̂ynâh)
Isaiah 29:14 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּבִינַ֥ת ובינת (bı̂ynâh)
Isaiah 29:24 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִּינָ֑ה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Isaiah 56:11 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν הָבִ֑ין הבין (bı̂yn)
Daniel 1:17 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν מַדָּ֥ע מדע (maddâʽ)
Daniel 2:21 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִינָֽה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Daniel 8:15 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִינָ֔ה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Daniel 9:22 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν בִינָֽה בינה (bı̂ynâh)
Obadiah 1:8 σύνεσιν σύνεσιν וּתְבוּנָ֖ה ותבונה (tabuwn)

Tables comparing Ezekiel 21:22; Isaiah 27:11; 29:13; 29:7; Genesis 5:24; 1 Kings 21:25; Hosea 5:10; Isaiah 29:17; Deuteronomy 27:17; Psalm 46:2; Proverbs 23:10; Isaiah 29:24; 56:10; 56:11 and 56:12 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing Ezekiel 21:22; Isaiah 27:11; 29:13; 29:7; Genesis 5:24; 1 Kings (3 Kings, 3 Reigns) 21:25 (20:25); Hosea 5:10; Isaiah 29:17; Deuteronomy 27:17; Psalm 46:2 (45:3); Proverbs 23:10; Isaiah 29:24; 56:10; 56:11 and 56:12  in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these is a table comparing John 8:42 in the NET and KJV.

Ezekiel 21:22 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 21:22 (KJV)

Ezekiel 21:22 (NET)

At his right hand was the divination for Jerusalem, to appoint captains, to open the mouth in the slaughter, to lift up the voice with shouting, to appoint battering rams against the gates, to cast a mount, and to build a fort. At his right hand was the divination for Jerusalem, to appoint captains, to open the mouth in the slaughter, to lift up the voice with shouting, to appoint battering rams against the gates, to cast a mount, and to build a fort. Into his right hand comes the portent for Jerusalem—to set up battering rams, to give the signal for slaughter, to shout out the battle cry, to set up battering rams against the gates, to erect a siege ramp, to build a siege wall.

Ezekiel 21:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 21:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγένετο τὸ μαντεῗον ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ τοῦ βαλεῗν χάρακα τοῦ διανοῗξαι στόμα ἐν βοῇ ὑψῶσαι φωνὴν μετὰ κραυγῆς τοῦ βαλεῗν χάρακα ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας αὐτῆς καὶ βαλεῗν χῶμα καὶ οἰκοδομῆσαι βελοστάσεις ἐγένετο τὸ μαντεῖον ἐπὶ ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ τοῦ βαλεῖν χάρακα, τοῦ διανοῖξαι στόμα ἐν βοῇ, ὑψῶσαι φωνὴν μετὰ κραυγῆς, τοῦ βαλεῖν χάρακα ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας αὐτῆς καὶ βαλεῖν χῶμα καὶ οἰκοδομῆσαι βελοστάσεις

Ezekiel 21:22 (NETS)

Ezekiel 21:22 (English Elpenor)

And the oracular response came against Ierousalem, to throw up a palisade, to open wide a mouth in a shout, to raise up high a voice with a cry, to throw up a palisade against its gates and to put up a ramp and to build batteries of war engines. On his right was the divination against Jerusalem, to cast a mound, to open the mouth in shouting, to lift up the voice with crying, to cast a mound against her gates, to cast up a heap, and to build forts.

Isaiah 27:11 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 27:11 (KJV)

Isaiah 27:11 (NET)

When the boughs thereof are withered, they shall be broken off: the women come, and set them on fire: for it is a people of no understanding: therefore he that made them will not have mercy on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. When the boughs thereof are withered, they shall be broken off: the women come, and set them on fire: for it is a people of no understanding: therefore he that made them will not have mercy on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. When its branches get brittle, they break; women come and use them for kindling.  For these people lack understanding, therefore the one who made them has no compassion on them; the one who formed them has no mercy on them.

Isaiah 27:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 27:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ μετὰ χρόνον οὐκ ἔσται ἐν αὐτῇ πᾶν χλωρὸν διὰ τὸ ξηρανθῆναι γυναῗκες ἐρχόμεναι ἀπὸ θέας δεῦτε οὐ γὰρ λαός ἐστιν ἔχων σύνεσιν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ μὴ οἰκτιρήσῃ ὁ ποιήσας αὐτούς οὐδὲ ὁ πλάσας αὐτοὺς οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσῃ καὶ μετὰ χρόνον οὐκ ἔσται ἐν αὐτῇ πᾶν χλωρὸν διὰ τὸ ξηρανθῆναι. γυναῖκες ἐρχόμεναι ἀπὸ θέας, δεῦτε· οὐ γὰρ λαός ἐστιν ἔχων σύνεσιν, διὰ τοῦτο οὐ μὴ οἱκτειρήσῃ ὁ ποιήσας αὐτούς, οὐδὲ ὁ πλάσας αὐτοὺς οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσῃ.

Isaiah 27:11 (NETS)

Isaiah 27:11 (English Elpenor)

Then after a time there will be nothing green in it, because it will have dried up.  You women who come from a spectacle, come here!  For it is not a people having understanding; therefore he that made them will not have compassion, nor will he that formed them have mercy. And after a time there shall be in it no green thing because of [the grass] being parched.  Come hither, ye woman that come from a sight; for it is a people of no understanding; therefore he that made them shall have no pity upon them, and he that formed them shall have no mercy [upon them].

Isaiah 29:13 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 29:13 (KJV)

Isaiah 29:13 (NET)

Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men: Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men: The Lord says, “These people say they are loyal to me; they say wonderful things about me, but they are not really loyal to me.  Their worship consists of nothing but man-made ritual.

Isaiah 29:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 29:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἐγγίζει μοι ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῗς χείλεσιν αὐτῶν τιμῶσίν με ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος· ἐγγίζει μοι ὁ λαὸς οὗτος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτῶν τιμῶσί με, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ· μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας

Isaiah 29:13 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:13 (English Elpenor)

The Lord said: These people draw near me; they honor me with their lips, while their heart is far from me, and in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts and teachings. And the Lord has said, This people draw nigh to me with their mouth, and they honour me with their lips, but their heart is far from me: but in vain do they worship me, teaching the commandments and doctrines of men.

Isaiah 29:7 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 29:7 (KJV)

Isaiah 29:7 (NET)

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. It will be like a dream, a night vision. There will be a horde from all the nations that fight against Ariel, those who attack her and her stronghold and besiege her.

Isaiah 29:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 29:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται ὡς ὁ ἐνυπνιαζόμενος ἐν ὕπνῳ ὁ πλοῦτος τῶν ἐθνῶν πάντων ὅσοι ἐπεστράτευσαν ἐπὶ Αριηλ καὶ πάντες οἱ στρατευσάμενοι ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ πάντες οἱ συνηγμένοι ἐπ᾽ αὐτὴν καὶ θλίβοντες αὐτήν καὶ ἔσται ὡς ὁ ἐνυπνιαζόμενος καθ᾿ ὕπνους νυκτὸς ὁ πλοῦτος ἁπάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὅσοι ἐπεστράτευσαν ἐπὶ ᾿Αριήλ, καὶ πάντες οἱ στρατευσάμενοι ἐπὶ ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ καὶ πάντες οἱ συνηγμένοι ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν καὶ θλίβοντες αὐτήν

Isaiah 29:7 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:7 (English Elpenor)

And the wealth of all the nations—as many as marched against Ariel and all that went to war against Ierousalem and all who were gathered against her and were distressing her—shall be like one who dreams in his sleep. And the wealth of all the nations together, as many as have fought against Ariel, and all they that war against Jerusalem, and all who are gathered against her, and they that distress her, shall be as one that dreams in sleep by night.

Genesis 5:24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 5:24 (KJV)

Genesis 5:24 (NET)

And Enoch walked with G-d, and he was not; for G-d took him. And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. Enoch walked with God, and then he disappeared because God took him away.

Genesis 5:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 5:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εὐηρέστησεν Ενωχ τῷ θεῷ καὶ οὐχ ηὑρίσκετο ὅτι μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός καὶ εὐηρέστησεν ᾿Ενὼχ τῷ Θεῷ καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκετο, ὅτι μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεός

Genesis 5:24 (NETS)

Genesis 5:24 (English Elpenor)

And Henoch was well pleasing to God, and he was not found, because God transferred him. And Enoch was well-pleasing to God, and was not found, because God translated him.

1 Kings 21:25 (Tanakh)

1 Kings 21:25 (KJV)

1 Kings 21:25 (NET)

But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up. But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up. (There had never been anyone like Ahab, who was firmly committed to doing evil in the sight of the Lord, urged on by his wife Jezebel.

1 Kings 21:25 (Septuagint BLB)

3 Kings 20:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πλὴν ματαίως Αχααβ ὡς ἐπράθη ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου ὡς μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν Ιεζαβελ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ πλὴν ματαίως ᾿Αχαάβ, ὃς ἐπράθη ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, ὡς μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ᾿Ιεζάβελ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ

3 Reigns 20:25 (NETS)

3 Kings 20:25 (English Elpenor)

(Yet, Achaab did act foolishly when he sold himself to do what was evil before the Lord, as his wife Iezabel led him astray, But Achaab [did] wickedly, in that he sold himself to do that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as his wife Jezabel led him astray.

Hosea 5:10 (Tanakh)

Hosea 5:10 (KJV)

Hosea 5:10 (NET)

The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary markers. I will pour out my rage on them like a torrential flood.

Hosea 5:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Hosea 5:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγένοντο οἱ ἄρχοντες Ιουδα ὡς μετατιθέντες ὅρια ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἐκχεῶ ὡς ὕδωρ τὸ ὅρμημά μου ἐγένοντο οἱ ἄρχοντες ᾿Ιούδα ὡς μετατιθέντες ὅρια, ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς ἐκχεῶ ὡς ὕδωρ τὸ ὅρμημά μου

Hosea 5:10 (NETS)

Hosea 5:10 (English Elpenor)

The rulers of Ioudas have become like those who remove landmarks; on them I will pour out my onslaught like water. The princes of Juda became as they that removed the bounds: I will pour out upon them my fury as water.

Isaiah 29:17 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 29:17 (KJV)

Isaiah 29:17 (NET)

Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? In just a very short time Lebanon will turn into an orchard, and the orchard will be considered a forest.

Isaiah 29:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 29:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκέτι μικρὸν καὶ μετατεθήσεται ὁ Λίβανος ὡς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Χερμελ καὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Χερμελ εἰς δρυμὸν λογισθήσεται οὐκέτι μικρὸν καὶ μετατεθήσεται ὁ Λίβανος, ὡς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Χέρμελ καὶ τὸ Χέρμελ εἰς δρυμὸν λογισθήσεται

Isaiah 29:17 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:17 (English Elpenor)

Is it not yet a little while, and Lebanon shall be changed like Mount Chermel, and Mount Chermel shall be regarded as a forest? [Is it] not yet a little while, and Libanus shall be changed as the mountains of Chermel, and Chermel shall be reckoned as a forest?

Deuteronomy 27:17 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (NET)

Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour’s landmark.  And all the people shall say: Amen. Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour’s landmark.  And all the people shall say, Amen. ‘Cursed is the one who moves his neighbor’s boundary marker.’  Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’

Deuteronomy 27:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐπικατάρατος ὁ μετατιθεὶς ὅρια τοῦ πλησίον καὶ ἐροῦσιν πᾶς ὁ λαός γένοιτο ἐπικατάρατος ὁ μετατιθεὶς ὅρια τοῦ πλησίον· καὶ ἐροῦσι πᾶς ὁ λαός· γένοιτο

Deuteronomy 27:17 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 27:17 (English Elpenor)

“Cursed be he who moves a neighbor’s boundaries.”  And all the people shall say, “May it be!” Cursed is he that removes his neighbour’s landmarks: and all the people shall say, So be it.

Psalm 46:2 (Tanakh)

Psalm 46:2 (KJV)

Psalm 46:2 (NET)

Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea; Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea; For this reason we do not fear when the earth shakes, and the mountains tumble into the depths of the sea,

Psalm 46:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 45:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διὰ τοῦτο οὐ φοβηθησόμεθα ἐν τῷ ταράσσεσθαι τὴν γῆν καὶ μετατίθεσθαι ὄρη ἐν καρδίαις θαλασσῶν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ φοβηθησόμεθα ἐν τῷ ταράσσεσθαι τὴν γῆν καὶ μετατίθεσθαι ὄρη ἐν καρδίαις θαλασσῶν

Psalm 45:3 (NETS)

Psalm 45:3 (English Elpenor)

Therefore we will not fear, when the earth is troubled and mountains be transposed in hearts of seas. Therefore will we not fear when the earth is troubled, and the mountains are removed into the depths of the seas.

Proverbs 23:10 (Tanakh)

Proverbs 23:10 (KJV)

Proverbs 23:10 (NET)

Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless: Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless: Do not move an ancient boundary stone, or take over the fields of the fatherless,

Proverbs 23:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Proverbs 23:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ μεταθῇς ὅρια αἰώνια εἰς δὲ κτῆμα ὀρφανῶν μὴ εἰσέλθῃς μὴ μεταθῇς ὅρια αἰώνια, εἰς δὲ κτῆμα ὀρφανῶν μὴ εἰσέλθῃς

Proverbs 23:10 (NETS)

Proverbs 23:10 (English Elpenor)

Do not relocate ancient borders, nor enter the possession of orphans. Remove not the ancient landmarks; and enter not upon the possession of the fatherless:

Isaiah 29:24 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 29:24 (KJV)

Isaiah 29:24 (NET)

They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding, and they that murmured shall learn doctrine. They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding, and they that murmured shall learn doctrine. Those who stray morally will gain understanding; those who complain will acquire insight.

Isaiah 29:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 29:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ γνώσονται οἱ τῷ πνεύματι πλανώμενοι σύνεσιν οἱ δὲ γογγύζοντες μαθήσονται ὑπακούειν καὶ αἱ γλώσσαι αἱ ψελλίζουσαι μαθήσονται λαλεῗν εἰρήνην καὶ γνώσονται οἱ πλανώμενοι τῷ πνεύματι σύνεσιν, οἱ δὲ γογγύζοντες μαθήσονται ὑπακούειν, καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αἱ ψελλίζουσαι μαθήσονται λαλεῖν εἰρήνην

Isaiah 29:24 (NETS)

Isaiah 29:24 (English Elpenor)

And those who wander in spirit will know understanding, and those who grumble will learn to obey, [and the faltering tongues will learn to speak peace]. And they that erred in spirit shall know understanding, and the murmurers shall learn obedience, and the stammering tongues shall learn to speak peace.

Isaiah 56:10 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 56:10 (KJV)

Isaiah 56:10 (NET)

His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. All their watchmen are blind, they are unaware.  All of them are like mute dogs, unable to bark. They pant, lie down, and love to snooze.

Isaiah 56:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 56:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἴδετε ὅτι πάντες ἐκτετύφλωνται οὐκ ἔγνωσαν φρονῆσαι πάντες κύνες ἐνεοί οὐ δυνήσονται ὑλακτεῗν ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι κοίτην φιλοῦντες νυστάξαι ἴδετε ὅτι ἐκτετύφλωνται πάντες, οὐκ ἔγνωσαν φρονῆσαι, πάντες κύνες ἐνεοί, οὐ δυνήσονται ὑλακτεῖν, ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι κοίτην, φιλοῦντες νυστάξαι

Isaiah 56:10 (NETS)

Isaiah 56:10 (English Elpenor)

Observe that all have become totally blind; they have not learned how to think; they are all silent dogs; they will not be able to bark, dreaming in bed, loving to slumber. See how they are all blinded: they have not known; [they are] dumb dogs [that] will not bark; dreaming of rest, loving to slumber.

Isaiah 56:11 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 56:11 (KJV)

Isaiah 56:11 (NET)

Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. The dogs have big appetites; they are never full.  They are shepherds who have no understanding; they all go their own way, each one looking for monetary gain.

Isaiah 56:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 56:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ οἱ κύνες ἀναιδεῗς τῇ ψυχῇ οὐκ εἰδότες πλησμονήν καί εἰσιν πονηροὶ οὐκ εἰδότες σύνεσιν πάντες ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν ἐξηκολούθησαν ἕκαστος κατὰ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ οἱ κύνες ἀναιδεῖς τῇ ψυχῇ, οὐκ εἰδότες πλησμονήν· καί εἰσι πονηροὶ οὐκ εἰδότες σύνεσιν, πάντες ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν ἐξηκολούθησαν, ἕκαστος κατὰ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ

Isaiah 56:11 (NETS)

Isaiah 56:11 (English Elpenor)

The dogs are shameless in their soul, not knowing satisfaction.  They are evil, not knowing understanding.  They have all followed their own ways, each in the same manner. Yea, they are insatiable dogs, that know not what it is to be filled, and they are wicked, having no understanding: all have followed their own ways, each according to his [will].

Isaiah 56:12 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 56:12 (KJV)

Isaiah 56:12 (NET)

Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant. Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant. Each one says, ‘Come on, I’ll get some wine! Let’s guzzle some beer! Tomorrow will be just like today! We’ll have everything we want!’

Isaiah 56:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 56:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

NA NA

Isaiah 56:12 (NETS)

Isaiah 56:12 (English Elpenor)

NA NA

John 8:42 (NET)

John 8:42 (KJV)

Jesus replied, “If God were your Father, you would love me, for I have come from God and am now here.  I have not come on my own initiative, but he sent me. Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

εἶπεν αὐτοῖς |ὁ| Ἰησοῦς· εἰ ὁ θεὸς πατὴρ ὑμῶν ἦν ἠγαπᾶτε ἂν ἐμέ, ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον καὶ ἥκω· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπ᾿ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐλήλυθα, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνος με ἀπέστειλεν ειπεν ουν αυτοις ο ιησους ει ο θεος πατηρ υμων ην ηγαπατε αν εμε εγω γαρ εκ του θεου εξηλθον και ηκω ουδε γαρ απ εμαυτου εληλυθα αλλ εκεινος με απεστειλεν ειπεν ουν αυτοις ο ιησους ει ο θεος πατηρ υμων ην ηγαπατε αν εμε εγω γαρ εκ του θεου εξηλθον και ηκω ουδε γαρ απ εμαυτου εληλυθα αλλ εκεινος με απεστειλεν

[1] Hosea 2:17a (English Elpenor)

[2] Verse 27 in the Tanakh on chabad.org

[3] A note (26) in the NET acknowledged that the Hebrew was “to open the mouth.”

[4] Matthew 5:28 (NET) Table

[5] I don’t want to leave the wrong impression: My imaginations can stray farther afield, awake, when a wave of libido crashes over me.  The description above is me at my Sunday-go-to-meeting best behavior.  I had been laid off from work that very day as a result of the panic over the corona virus.

[6] Romans 7:21b (NET) Table

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἰς at the beginning of this clause (literally: “into” or “unto discipline endure”), where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ει (literally: “if” or “although discipline endure”).

[8] Hebrews 12:7 (NIV) Table

[9] John 3:7 (NET)

[10] Isaiah 29:7 (Tanakh)

[11] John 8:31 (NET)

[12] John 8:42 (NET)