I want to track נָאַף (nā’ap̄) in the Old Testament prophets to see if I can find a better understanding of πορνεία as used by Jesus, Paul and the New Testament writers. Hosea was a prophet in the northern part of the divided kingdom of Israel during the time when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah ruled Judah [the southern kingdom], and during the time when Jeroboam son of Joash [Jeroboam II] ruled Israel. God’s chosen mate for Hosea was not exactly appropriate according to my religious mind (Hosea 1:2-3a NET).
When the Lord first spoke through Hosea, he said to him, “Go marry a prostitute (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים) who will bear illegitimate children conceived through prostitution (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים), because the nation continually commits (zānâ, זנה) spiritual prostitution (zānâ, תזנה) by turning away from the Lord [See Addendum below].” So Hosea married Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim.
Apparently, after giving birth to two sons and a daughter, Gomer wearied of her domestic life and returned to her former occupation (Hosea 3:1-5 NET).
The Lord said to me, “Go, show love to your wife again, even though she loves another man and continually commits adultery (nā’ap̄, ומנאפת). Likewise, the Lord loves the Israelites although they turn to other gods and love to offer raisin cakes to idols.” So I paid fifteen shekels of silver and about seven bushels of barley to purchase her. Then I told her, “You must live with me many days; you must not commit adultery (zānâ, תזני) or have sexual intercourse (hāyâ, תהיי) with another man, and I also will wait for you” [See Addendum below]. For the Israelites must live many days without a king or prince, without sacrifice or sacred fertility pillar, without ephod or idols. Afterward, the Israelites will turn and seek the Lord their God and their Davidic king. Then they will submit to the Lord in fear and receive his blessings in the future.
Here I begin to perceive the meaning of committing adultery (nā’ap̄, תנאף), why it is unlawful, from the mind of God through the prophet Hosea. The Lord loves the Israelites although they turn to other gods. This turning to other gods was equated to adultery (nā’ap̄, ומנאפת). And the Lord commanded Hosea, Go, show love to your wife again, even though she loves another man and continually commits adultery (nā’ap̄, ומנאפת) as a prostitute (zānâ, תזני). Adultery isn’t against God’s law because an adulterous wife hurts my feelings. An adulterous wife hurts my feelings so I may share in this experience of the mind of God, so that I may know Him.
The Lord had a lot to say to and about the Israelites through Hosea (Hosea 4:1-3 NET):
Hear the word of the Lord, you Israelites! For the Lord has a covenant lawsuit against the people of Israel. For there is neither faithfulness nor loyalty in the land, or do they acknowledge God. There is only cursing, lying, murder (rāṣaḥ, ורצח), stealing (gānaḇ, וגנב), and adultery (nā’ap̄, ונאף). They resort to violence and bloodshed [See Addendum below]. Therefore the land will mourn, and all its inhabitants will perish. The wild animals, the birds of the sky, and even the fish in the sea will perish.
None of this happened because the Israelites lacked religion or religious minds (Hosea 4:4-7 NET):
Do not let anyone accuse or contend against anyone else: for my case is against you priests [See Addendum below]! You stumble day and night, and the false prophets stumble with you; You have destroyed your own people [See Addendum below]! You have destroyed my people by failing to acknowledge me! Because you refuse to acknowledge me, I will reject you as my priests. Because you reject the law of your God, I will reject your descendants [See Addendum below]. The more the priests increased in numbers, the more they rebelled against me. They have turned their glorious calling into a shameful disgrace [See Addendum below]!
The Lord was very specific about the shameful disgrace the priests had made of their glorious calling. Apparently, while ignoring almost everything else about God’s law, the priests were very careful to extract their portion of the people’s offerings and sacrifices as specified by the law, and more besides (Hosea 4:8-10 NET):
They feed on the sin offerings of my people; their appetites long for their iniquity! I will deal with the people and priests together: I will punish them both for their ways, and I will repay them for their deeds. They will eat, but not be satisfied; they will engage in prostitution (zānâ, הזנו), but not increase in numbers; because they have abandoned the Lord by pursuing other gods (zᵊnûṯ, הזנו) [See Addendum below].
Next the Lord outlined the explicit form this pursuit of other gods took and his reaction to it (Hosea 4:11-14 NET):
Old and new wine take away the understanding of my people [See Addendum below]. They consult their wooden idols, and their diviner’s staff answers with an oracle. The wind of prostitution (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים) blows them astray; they commit spiritual adultery (zānâ, ויזנו) against their God. They sacrifice on the mountaintops, and burn offerings on the hills; they sacrifice under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is so pleasant. As a result, your daughters have become cult prostitutes (zānâ, תזנינה), and your daughters-in-law commit adultery (nā’ap̄, תנאפנה)! I will not punish your daughters when they commit prostitution (zānâ, תזנינה), nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery (nā’ap̄, תנאפנה). For the men consort with harlots (zānâ, הזנות), they sacrifice with temple prostitutes (qᵊḏēšâ, הקדשות). It is true: “A people that lacks understanding will come to ruin [Table]!” [See Addendum below]
Drunken revelry and orgiastic sex were part of the worship, part of the sacrifice people made to other gods. Men could fulfill their religious obligations with the professionals who served the cult (both male and female) or amateurs at religious festivals eager to enhance their spiritual status as taught by their religion and compelled by their religious minds. Though the northern kingdom of Israel was thoroughly steeped in these religions at this time, the southern kingdom of Jerusalem apparently was not (Hosea 4:15-19 NET).
Although you, O Israel, commit adultery (zānâ, זנה), do not let Judah become guilty! Do not journey to Gilgal! Do not go up to Beth Aven! Do not swear, “As surely as the Lord lives!” [See Addendum below] Israel has rebelled like a stubborn heifer! Soon the Lord will put them out to pasture like a lamb in a broad field! Ephraim has attached himself to idols; Do not go near him [Table]! They consume their alcohol, then engage (zānâ, הזנה) in cult prostitution (zānâ, הזנ); they dearly love their shameful behavior [See Addendum below]. A whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings; they will be brought to shame because of their idolatrous worship.
And I wonder if this idolatrous worship with its drunken sexual practices was more what Jesus, Paul and the New Testament writers had in mind when they used the word πορνεία.
Addendum: December 21, 2021
In the table below זְנוּנִים֙ (zᵊnûnîm) was translated with the noun πορνείας (a form of πορνεία) in the Septuagint to describe Gomer and her children. The activity of the land (the people of the northern kingdom of Israel, I assume) was זָנֹ֚ה and תִזְנֶה֙ (zānâ) translated with the verbs ἐκπορνεύουσα and ἐκπορνεύσει, present and future forms respectively of ἐκπορνεύω.
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 1:2 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 1:2 (NET) |
Hosea 1:2 (NETS) |
Hosea 1:2 (Elpenor English)
|
| The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms (זְנוּנִים֙) and children of whoredoms (זְנוּנִ֔ים): for the land hath committed great (זָנֹ֚ה) whoredom (תִזְנֶה֙), departing from the LORD. |
When the Lord first spoke through Hosea, he said to him, “Go marry a prostitute (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים) who will bear illegitimate children conceived through prostitution (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים) because the nation continually commits (zānâ, זנה) spiritual prostitution (zānâ, תזנה) by turning away from the Lord.” |
The beginning of the word of the Lord in Hosee. And the Lord said to Hosee, “Go, take for yourself a wife of whoredom (πορνείας) and children of whoredom (πορνείας), for the land in committing whoredom (ἐκπορνεύουσα) will commit whoredom (ἐκπορνεύσει) from behind the Lord.” |
The beginning of the word of the Lord by Osee. And the Lord said to Osee, Go, take to thyself a wife of fornication (πορνείας), and children of fornication (πορνείας): for the land will surely go a-whoring (ἐκπορνεύσει) in departing (ἐκπορνεύουσα) from the Lord. |
In the table below Hosea told Gomer not to ply her trade, the activity תִזְנִ֔ (zānâ) translated with the verb πορνεύσῃς (another form of πορνεύω) in the Septuagint.
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 3:3 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 3:3 (NET) |
Hosea 3:3 (NETS) |
Hosea 3:3 (Elpenor English)
|
| And I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot (תִזְנִ֔י), and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. |
Then I told her, “You must live with me many days; you must not commit adultery (zānâ, תזני) or become joined to another man, and I also will wait for you.” |
And I said to her, “For many days you will sit with me, and you will not play the whore (πορνεύσῃς), nor will you be with a man, and I will be with you.” |
And I said unto her, Thou shalt wait for me many days; and thou shalt not commit fornication (πορνεύσῃς), neither shalt thou be for [another] man; and I [will be] for thee. |
The following table compares the English translations of the Hebrew and Greek of Hosea 4:1, 2.
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:1, 2 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:1, 2 (NET) |
Hosea 4:1, 2 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:1, 2 (Elpenor English)
|
| Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth (אֱמֶ֧ת), nor mercy (חֶ֛סֶד), nor knowledge (דַּ֥עַת) of God in the land. |
Listen to the Lord’s message, you Israelites! For the Lord has a covenant lawsuit against the people of Israel. For there is neither faithfulness (‘ĕmeṯ, אמת) nor loyalty (ḥeseḏ, חסד) in the land, nor do they acknowledge (daʿaṯ, דעת) God. |
Hear a word of the Lord, O sons of Israel, for the Lord has a dispute with the inhabitants of the land. For there is no truthfulness (ἀλήθεια) or mercy (ἔλεος) or knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) of God in the land. |
Hear the word of the Lord, ye children of Israel: for the Lord [has] a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth (ἀλήθεια), nor mercy (ἔλεος), nor knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) of God in the land. |
| By swearing, and lying, and killing (וְרָצֹ֥חַ), and stealing (וְגָנֹ֖ב), and committing adultery (וְנָאֹ֑ף), they break out, and blood toucheth blood. |
There is only cursing, lying, murder (rāṣaḥ, ורצח), stealing (gānaḇ, וגנב), and adultery (nā’ap̄, ונאף). They resort to violence and bloodshed. |
Imprecation and lying and murder (φόνος) and stealing (κλοπὴ) and adultery (μοιχεία) are poured out on the land, and they mix blood with blood. |
Cursing, and lying, and murder (φόνος), and theft (κλοπὴ), and adultery (μοιχεία) bound in the land, and they mingle blood with blood. |
In Hosea 4:4b (table below) the NET translators assumed that ועמך was a form of עִם (ʿim), for…against you. The translators of the Tanakh and KJV assumed that וְעַמְּךָ֖ was a form of עַם (ʿam), for thy people.
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:4 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:4 (NET) |
Hosea 4:4 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:4 (Elpenor English)
|
| Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people (וְעַמְּךָ֖ H5971) are as they that strive with the priest. |
Do not let anyone accuse or contend against anyone else, for my case is against you (ʿim, ועמך) priests! |
that no one either go to law or accuse. But my people (ὁ δὲ λαός) will be like a priest being contradicted. |
that neither any one may plead, nor any one reprove [another]; but my people (ὁ δὲ λαός) are as a priest spoken against. |
Apparently both words share a common root: עָמַם (ʿāmam). Note 9 in the NET explained:
Several textual critics suggest emending the text to read וְעִמְּךָ רִיבִי כֹהֵן (veʿimmekha rivi khohen), “My contention is with/against you, O priest!” This involves (1) the revocalization of עַמְּךָ (“your people”) to עִמְּךָ (“with/against you”) and (2) positing dittography (a letter written twice instead of once) of כְּ (kaf) between original וְעַמְּךָ רִיבִי to create וְעַמְּךָ כִּרִיבִי (MT). The BHS editors suggest that the MT should be emended. However, the editors of the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project retain the MT reading with a “B” rating.
The rabbis who translated the Septuagint understood ועמך as a form of עַם (ʿam): ὁ δὲ λαός, but my people. So, this emendation is something beyond the scope of what I’m attempting to study here, and (for the moment) beyond any method I can imagine how to study.
In Hosea 4:5b the NET translators assumed that ודמיתי (and I will destroy) was ודמית (and you have destroyed). NET note 10 explained:
The MT reads וְדָמִיתִי אִמֶּךָ (vedamiti ’immekha, “and I will destroy your mother”), and is followed by most English versions; however, the text should probably be emended to וְדָמִית עַמֶּךָ (vedamit ’ammekha, “and you have destroyed your own people”). The second person masculine singular form וְדָמִית (vedamit, “and you have destroyed”) is preserved in several medieval Hebrew mss and reflected in Jerome’s Vulgate.
The table follows:
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:5 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:5 (NET) |
Hosea 4:5 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:5 (Elpenor English) |
| Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night (לָ֑יְלָה), and I will destroy (וְדָמִ֖יתִי) thy mother (אִמֶּֽךָ H517). |
You stumble day and night (layil, לילה), and the false prophets stumble with you; you have destroyed (dāmâ, ודמית) your own people (ʿam, עמך). |
And you shall be weak by day, and the prophet also shall be weak with you. I have made (ὡμοίωσα) your mother (τὴν μητέρα σου) like night (νυκτὶ). |
Therefore they shall fall by day, and the prophet with thee shall fall: I have compared (ὡμοίωσα) thy mother (τὴν μητέρα σου) unto night (νυκτὶ). |
The NET translation also required the assumption that אִמֶּֽךָ (‘ēm), thy mother (Tanakh, KJV), was עמך (ʿam), your own people (NET). The rabbis who translated the Septuagint rendered it τὴν μητέρα σου, your mother (NETS). So again, this emendation is beyond the scope of this study as well as my current ability to devise a method to study it.
The Hebrew words translated refuse or reject in Hosea 4:6 in the NET are displayed in the following table, along with their translations into Greek in the Septuagint.
| Masoretic Text |
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:6 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:6 (NET) |
Hosea 4:6 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:6 (Elpenor English) |
| My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected (מָאַ֗סְתָּ) knowledge, I will also reject (וְאֶמְאָֽסְךָ֙) thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten (וַתִּשְׁכַּח֙) the law of thy God, I will also forget (אֶשְׁכַּ֥ח) thy children. |
You have destroyed my people by failing to acknowledge me! Because you refuse (mā’as, מאסת) to acknowledge me, I will reject (mā’as, ואמאסאך) you as my priests. Because you reject (šāḵaḥ, ותשכח) the law of your God, I will reject (šāḵaḥ, אשכח) your descendants. |
My people have become like one who lacks knowledge; because you have rejected (ἀπώσω) knowledge, I also will reject (ἀπώσομαι) you from being a priest to me. And you forgot (ἐπελάθου) the law of your God; I also will forget (ἐπιλήσομαι) your children. |
My people are like as if they had no knowledge: because thou hast rejected (ἀπώσω) knowledge, I will also reject (ἀπώσομαί) thee, that thou shalt not minister as priest to me: and [as] thou has forgotten (ἐπελάθου) the law of thy God, I also will forget (ἐπιλήσομαι) thy children. |
The NET translators assumed that אָמִֽיר in Hosea 4:7 in the Masoretic text, therefore will I change (Tanakh, KJV), should have been והמיר, They have turned. Note 15 explained:
The MT reads אָמִיר (ʾamir, “I will change, exchange”; Hiphil imperfect first person common singular from מוּר, mur, “to change, exchange”). However, an alternate scribal tradition (tiqquneh sopherim, that is, an intentional scribal change when the Masoretes believed that the received consonantal reading was defective) preserves the reading הֵמִירוּ (hemiru, “they have exchanged”; Hiphil perfect third person common plural from מוּר). This alternate scribal tradition is also found in the Targum and reflected in the Syriac Peshitta.
The table follows:
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:7 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:7 (NET) |
Hosea 4:7 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:7 (Elpenor English)
|
| As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will I change (אָמִֽיר) their glory into shame. |
The more the priests increased in numbers, the more they rebelled against me. They have turned (mûr, והמיר) their glorious calling into a shameful disgrace! |
According to their multitude, thus they sinned against me. I will turn (θήσομαι) their glory into dishonor. |
According to their multitude, so they sinned against me: I will turn (θήσομαι) their glory into shame. |
Since the Septuagint had θήσομαι (a form of τίθημι), I will turn, this emendation is beyond the scope of this study.
The translators of the NET assumed that זנות (zᵊnûṯ), translated other gods, at the beginning of verse 11 actually belonged at the end of verse 10 (note 17). The translator of the NETS assumed the same apparently of πορνείαν (a form of πορνεία), translated whoredom.
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:10, 11 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:10, 11 (NET) |
Hosea 4:10, 11 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:10, 11 (Elpenor English)
|
| For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom (הִזְנ֖וּ), and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD. |
They will eat, but not be satisfied; they will engage in prostitution (zānâ, הזנו), but not increase in numbers because they have abandoned the Lord by pursuing other gods (zᵊnûṯ, זנות). |
And they shall eat and not be satisfied; they have played the whore (ἐπόρνευσαν) and shall not prosper, for they forsook the Lord to cherish |
And they shall eat, and shall not be satisfied: they have gone a-whoring (ἐπόρνευσαν), and shall by no means prosper: because they have left off to take heed to the Lord. |
| Whoredom (זְנ֛וּת) and wine and new wine take away the heart. |
Old and new wine take away the understanding of my people. |
whoredom (πορνείαν). And the heart of my people has received wine and intoxicating drink. |
The heart of my people has gladly engaged in fornication (Πορνείαν) and wine and strong drink. |
NET note 18 reads:
Heb “take away the heart of my people.” The present translation assumes that the first word of v. 12 in the Hebrew text is to be construed with the noun at the end of v. 11 (so also TEV, CEV, NLT).
Both versions of the Septuagint have λαοῦ μου (my people) at the end of verse 11, an apparent translation of עמי (ʿam) at the beginning of verse 12 in the Masoretic text.
The following table compares key words in Hebrew and Greek:
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:12-14 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:12-14 (NET) |
Hosea 4:12-14 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:12-14 (Elpenor English)
|
| My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms (זְנוּנִים֙) hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring (וַיִּזְנ֖וּ) from under their God. |
They consult their wooden idols, and their diviner’s staff answers with an oracle. The wind of prostitution (zᵊnûnîm, זנונים) blows them astray; they commit spiritual adultery (zānâ, ויזנו) against their God. |
They would consult counselors, and with his rods they would report to him. They were led astray by a spirit of whoredom (πορνείας), and they played the whore (ἐξεπόρνευσαν) from their God. |
They asked counsel by [means of] signs, and they reported answer to them by their staves: they have gone astray in a spirit of whoredom (πορνείας), and gone grievously a-whoring (ἐξεπόρνευσαν) from their God. |
| They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom (תִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙), and your spouses shall commit adultery (תְּנָאַֽפְנָה). |
They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills; they sacrifice under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is so pleasant. As a result, your daughters have become cult prostitutes (zānâ, תזנינה), and your daughters-in-law commit adultery (nā’ap̄, תנאפנה)! |
They were offering sacrifice on the tops of the mountains and were sacrificing upon the hills, under an oak and a white poplar and a thickly shading tree, because shelter is a good thing. Therefore your daughters will play the whore (ἐκπορνεύσουσιν), and your daughters-in-law will commit adultery (μοιχεύσουσιν). |
They have sacrificed on the tops of the mountains, and on the hills they have sacrificed under the oak and poplar, and under the shady tree, because the shade was good: therefore your daughters shall go a-whoring (ἐκπορνεύσουσιν), and your daughters-in-law shall commit adultery (μοιχεύσουσι). |
| I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom (תִזְנֶ֗ינָה), nor your spouses when they commit adultery (תְנָאַ֔פְנָה): for themselves are separated with whores (הַזֹּנ֣וֹת), and they sacrifice with harlots (הַקְּדֵשׁ֖וֹת): therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall (יִלָּבֵֽט) [Table]. |
I will not punish your daughters when they commit prostitution (zānâ, תזנינה), nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery (nā’ap̄, תנאפנה). For the men consort with harlots (zānâ, הזנות); they sacrifice with temple prostitutes (qᵊḏēšâ, הקדשות). It is true: “A people that lacks understanding will come to ruin (lāḇaṭ, ילבט)!” |
And I will not take an interest in your daughters when they play the whore (πορνεύωσιν) nor in your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery (μοιχεύωσιν), for the men themselves were associating with whores (πορνῶν) and were sacrificing with initiates (τετελεσμένων), and the people, not understanding embraced a whore (πόρνης) [Table]. |
And I will not visit upon your daughters when they shall commit fornication (πορνεύσωσι), nor your daughters-in-law when they shall commit adultery (μοιχεύσωσιν): for they themselves mingled themselves with harlots (πορνῶν), and sacrificed with polluted ones (τετελεσμένων), and the people that understood not entangled itself with a harlot (πόρνης). |
It is difficult to determine whether the rabbis who translated the Septuagint saw יִלָּבֵֽט, shall fall (Tanakh, KJV), will come to ruin (NET), in the text they translated, recognized it as an idiom or euphemism and rendered it more concretely: συνεπλέκετο μετὰ πόρνης, embraced a whore (NETS), entangled itself with a harlot (English Elpenor); or whether the Masoretes edited a clear factual statement in the Hebrew to make it more euphemistic, less pointed in a Christian era.
The rabbis didn’t understand the Hebrew they translated in the Septuagint quite the way the Masoretic text is translated today:
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:15 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:15 (NET) |
Hosea 4:15 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:15 (Elpenor English)
|
| Though thou, Israel, play the harlot (זֹנֶ֚ה), yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth. |
Although you, O Israel, commit adultery (zānâ, זנה), do not let Judah become guilty! Do not journey to Gilgal. Do not go up to Beth Aven. Do not swear, “As surely as the Lord lives!” |
But you, O Israel, stop being ignorant (ἀγνόει), and you, O Ioudas, stop going to to Galgala, and stop going up to the house of On, and stop swearing by the living Lord. |
But thou, O Israel, be not ignorant (ἀγνόει), and go ye not, [men of] Juda, to Galgala; and go not up to the house of On, and swear not by the living Lord. |
Here again, the rabbis didn’t understand the Hebrew they translated in the Septuagint quite the way the Masoretic text is translated today:
|
Masoretic Text
|
Septuagint |
| Hosea 4:18 (Tanakh/KJV) |
Hosea 4:18 (NET) |
Hosea 4:18 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:18 (Elpenor English)
|
| Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom (הַזְנֵ֣ה) continually (הִזְנ֔וּ): her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. |
They consume their alcohol, then engage (zānâ, הזנה) in cult prostitution (zānâ, הזנו); they dearly love their shameful behavior. |
He chose Chananites; fornicating (πορνεύοντες) they committed fornication (ἐξεπόρνευσαν). They loved dishonor because of its insolence. |
He has chosen the Chananites: they have grievously (πορνεύοντες) gone a-whoring (ἐξεπόρνευσαν): they have loved dishonour through her insolence. |
Tables comparing Hosea 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 3:1; 3:2; 3:3; 3:4; 3:5; 4:1; 4:2; 4:3; 4:4; 4:5; 4:6; 4:7; 4:8; 4:9; 4:10; 4:11; 4:12; 4:13; 4:15; 4:16; 4:18 and 4:19 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Hosea 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 3:1; 3:2; 3:3; 3:4; 3:5; 4:1; 4:2; 4:3; 4:4; 4:5; 4:6; 4:7; 4:8; 4:9; 4:10; 4:11; 4:12; 4:13; 4:15; 4:16; 4:18 and 4:19 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.
|
Hosea 1:1 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 1:1 (KJV) |
Hosea 1:1 (NET)
|
| The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel. |
The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel. |
This is the Lord’s message that came to Hosea son of Beeri during the time of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and during the time of Jeroboam son of Joash, king of Israel. |
|
Hosea 1:1 (Septuagint BLB)
|
Hosea 1:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
|
| λόγος κυρίου ὃς ἐγενήθη πρὸς Ωσηε τὸν τοῦ Βεηρι ἐν ἡμέραις Οζιου καὶ Ιωαθαμ καὶ Αχαζ καὶ Εζεκιου βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις Ιεροβοαμ υἱοῦ Ιωας βασιλέως Ισραηλ |
ΛΟΓΟΣ Κυρίου, ὃς ἐγενήθη πρὸς ῾Ωσηὲ τὸν τοῦ Βεηρεὶ ἐν ἡμέραις ᾿Οζίου καὶ ᾿Ιωάθαμ καὶ ῎Αχαζ καὶ ᾿Εζεκίου βασιλέων ᾿Ιούδα καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις ῾Ιεροβοὰμ υἱοῦ ᾿Ιωὰς βασιλέως ᾿Ισραήλ |
|
Hosea 1:1 (NETS)
|
Hosea 1:1 (English Elpenor)
|
| A word of the Lord that came to Hosee the son of Beeri in the days of Kings Ozias and Ioatham and Achaz and Hezekias of Ioudas and in the days of King Ieroboam son of Ioas of Israel. |
The word of the Lord which came to Osee the son of Beeri, in the days of Ozias, and Joatham, and Achaz, and Ezekias, kings of Juda, and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joas, king of Israel. |
|
Hosea 1:2 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 1:2 (KJV) |
Hosea 1:2 (NET)
|
| The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the LORD. |
The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the LORD. |
When the Lord first spoke through Hosea, he said to him, “Go marry a prostitute who will bear illegitimate children conceived through prostitution because the nation continually commits spiritual prostitution by turning away from the Lord.” |
|
Hosea 1:2 (Septuagint BLB)
|
Hosea 1:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
|
| ἀρχὴ λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ωσηε καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ωσηε βάδιζε λαβὲ σεαυτῷ γυναῗκα πορνείας καὶ τέκνα πορνείας διότι ἐκπορνεύουσα ἐκπορνεύσει ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν τοῦ κυρίου |
᾿Αρχὴ λόγου Κυρίου εἰς ῾Ωσηέ. καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς ῾Ωσηέ· βάδιζε, λαβὲ σεαυτῷ γυναῖκα πορνείας καὶ τέκνα πορνείας, διότι ἐκπορνεύουσα ἐκπορνεύσει ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν τοῦ Κυρίου |
|
Hosea 1:2 (NETS)
|
Hosea 1:2 (English Elpenor)
|
| The beginning of the word of the Lord in Hosee. And the Lord said to Hosee, “Go, take for yourself a wife of whoredom and children of whoredom, for the land in committing whoredom will commit whoredom from behind the Lord.” |
The beginning of the word of the Lord by Osee. And the Lord said to Osee, Go, take to thyself a wife of fornication, and children of fornication: for the land will surely go a-whoring in departing from the Lord. |
|
Hosea 1:3 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 1:3 (KJV) |
Hosea 1:3 (NET)
|
| So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which conceived, and bare him a son. |
So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which conceived, and bare him a son. |
So Hosea married Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim. Then she conceived and gave birth to a son for him. |
|
Hosea 3:1 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 3:1 (KJV) |
Hosea 3:1 (NET)
|
| Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine. |
Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine. |
The Lord said to me, “Go, show love to your wife again, even though she loves another man and continually commits adultery. Likewise, the Lord loves the Israelites although they turn to other gods and love to offer raisin cakes to idols.” |
|
Hosea 3:1 (Septuagint BLB)
|
Hosea 3:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
|
| καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἔτι πορεύθητι καὶ ἀγάπησον γυναῗκα ἀγαπῶσαν πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλίν καθὼς ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀποβλέπουσιν ἐπὶ θεοὺς ἀλλοτρίους καὶ φιλοῦσιν πέμματα μετὰ σταφίδων |
ΚΑΙ εἶπε Κύριος πρός με· ἔτι πορεύθητι καὶ ἀγάπησον γυναῖκα ἀγαπῶσαν πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλίν, καθὼς ἀγαπᾷ ὁ Θεὸς τοὺς υἱοὺς ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀποβλέπουσιν ἐπὶ θεοὺς ἀλλοτρίους καὶ φιλοῦσι πέμματα μετὰ σταφίδων |
|
Hosea 3:1 (NETS)
|
Hosea 3:1 (English Elpenor)
|
| And the Lord said to me, “Go again, and love a woman who loves evil things and is an adulteress, just as God loves the sons of Israel, but they turn their attention to foreign gods, and they like cakes with raisins.” |
And the Lord said to me, Go yet, and love a woman that loves evil things, an adulteress, even as the Lord loves the children of Israel, and they have respect to strange gods, and love cakes of dried grapes. |
|
Hosea 3:2 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 3:2 (KJV) |
Hosea 3:2 (NET)
|
| So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: |
So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: |
So I paid 15 shekels of silver and about seven bushels of barley to purchase her. |
|
Hosea 3:3 (Tanakh)
|
Hosea 3:3 (KJV) |
Hosea 3:3 (NET)
|
| And I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. |
And I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. |
Then I told her, “You must live with me many days; you must not commit adultery or become joined to another man, and I also will wait for you.” |
|
Hosea 3:3 (Septuagint BLB)
|
Hosea 3:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
|
| καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτήν ἡμέρας πολλὰς καθήσῃ ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ καὶ οὐ μὴ πορνεύσῃς οὐδὲ μὴ γένῃ ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σοί |
καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτήν· ἡμέρας πολλὰς καθήσῃ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ καὶ οὐ μὴ πορνεύσῃς, οὐδὲ μὴ γένῃ ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σοί |
|
Hosea 3:3 (NETS)
|
Hosea 3:3 (English Elpenor)
|
| And I said to her, “For many days you will sit with me, and you will not play the whore, nor will you be with a man, and I will be with you.” |
And I said unto her, Thou shalt wait for me many days; and thou shalt not commit fornication, neither shalt thou be for [another] man; and I [will be] for thee. |
| Hosea 3:4 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 3:4 (KJV) |
Hosea 3:4 (NET) |
| For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: |
For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: |
For the Israelites must live many days without a king or prince, without sacrifice or sacred fertility pillar, without ephod or idols. |
| Hosea 3:4 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 3:4 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| διότι ἡμέρας πολλὰς καθήσονται οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οὐκ ὄντος βασιλέως οὐδὲ ὄντος ἄρχοντος οὐδὲ οὔσης θυσίας οὐδὲ ὄντος θυσιαστηρίου οὐδὲ ἱερατείας οὐδὲ δήλων |
διότι ἡμέρας πολλὰς καθήσονται οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ οὐκ ὄντος βασιλέως οὐδὲ ὄντος ἄρχοντος οὐδὲ οὔσης θυσίας οὐδὲ ὄντος θυσιαστηρίου οὐδὲ ἱερατείας οὐδὲ δήλων |
| Hosea 3:4 (NETS) |
Hosea 3:4 (English Elpenor) |
| For the sons of Israel shall sit many days without king and without ruler and without sacrifice and without altar and without priestly office and without clear ones. |
For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an altar, and without a priesthood, and without manifestations. |
| Hosea 3:5 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 3:5 (KJV) |
Hosea 3:5 (NET) |
| Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days. |
Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days. |
Afterward, the Israelites will turn and seek the Lord their God and their Davidic king. Then they will submit to the Lord in fear and receive his blessings in future days. |
| Hosea 3:5 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 3:5 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπιστρέψουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπιζητήσουσιν κύριον τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν καὶ Δαυιδ τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκστήσονται ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῗς ἀγαθοῗς αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν |
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπιστρέψουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ ἐπιζητήσουσι Κύριον τὸν Θεὸν αὐτῶν καὶ Δαυὶδ τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐκστήσονται ἐπὶ τῷ Κυρίῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν |
| Hosea 3:5 (NETS) |
Hosea 3:5 (English Elpenor) |
| And after these things, the sons of Israel shall return and seek the Lord their God and Dauid their king, and they shall stand in awe at the Lord and his good things in the last days. |
And afterward shall the children of Israel return, and shall seek the Lord their God, and David their king; and shall be amazed at the Lord and at his goodness in the latter days. |
| Hosea 4:1 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:1 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:1 (NET) |
| Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. |
Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. |
Listen to the Lord’s message, you Israelites! For the Lord has a covenant lawsuit against the people of Israel. For there is neither faithfulness nor loyalty in the land, nor do they acknowledge God. |
| Hosea 4:1 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:1 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ἀκούσατε λόγον κυρίου υἱοὶ Ισραηλ διότι κρίσις τῷ κυρίῳ πρὸς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν διότι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλήθεια οὐδὲ ἔλεος οὐδὲ ἐπίγνωσις θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς |
ΑΚΟΥΣΑΤΕ λόγον Κυρίου, υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ, ὅτι κρίσις τῷ Κυρίῳ πρὸς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν, διότι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλήθεια οὐδὲ ἔλεος οὐδὲ ἐπίγνωσις Θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς |
| Hosea 4:1 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:1 (English Elpenor) |
| Hear a word of the Lord, O sons of Israel, for the Lord has a dispute with the inhabitants of the land. For there is no truthfulness or mercy or knowledge of God in the land. |
Hear the word of the Lord, ye children of Israel: for the Lord [has] a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. |
| Hosea 4:2 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:2 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:2 (NET) |
| By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood. |
By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood. |
There is only cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery. They resort to violence and bloodshed. |
| Hosea 4:3 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:3 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:3 (NET) |
| Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away. |
Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away. |
Therefore the land will mourn, and all its inhabitants will perish. The wild animals, the birds of the sky, and even the fish in the sea will perish. |
| Hosea 4:3 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:3 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| διὰ τοῦτο πενθήσει ἡ γῆ καὶ σμικρυνθήσεται σὺν πᾶσιν τοῗς κατοικοῦσιν αὐτήν σὺν τοῗς θηρίοις τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶ σὺν τοῗς ἑρπετοῗς τῆς γῆς καὶ σὺν τοῗς πετεινοῗς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ οἱ ἰχθύες τῆς θαλάσσης ἐκλείψουσιν |
διὰ τοῦτο πενθήσει ἡ γῆ καὶ σμικρυνθήσεται σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν αὐτήν, σὺν τοῖς θηρίοις τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ σὺν τοῖς πετεινοῖς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἰχθύες τῆς θαλάσσης ἐκλείψουσιν, |
| Hosea 4:3 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:3 (English Elpenor) |
| Therefore the land shall mourn with all those who inhabit it, with the animals of the field and with the reptiles of the earth and with the birds of the air; even the fish of the sea shall fail, |
Therefore shall the land mourn, and shall be diminished with all that dwell in it, with the wild beasts of the field, and the reptiles of the earth, and with the birds of the sky, and the fish of the sea shall fail: |
| Hosea 4:4 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:4 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:4 (NET) |
| Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as they that strive with the priest. |
Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as they that strive with the priest. |
Do not let anyone accuse or contend against anyone else, for my case is against you priests! |
| Hosea 4:5 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:5 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:5 (NET) |
| Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother. |
Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother. |
You stumble day and night, and the false prophets stumble with you; you have destroyed your own people. |
| Hosea 4:6 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:6 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:6 (NET) |
| My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. |
My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. |
You have destroyed my people by failing to acknowledge me! Because you refuse to acknowledge me, I will reject you as my priests. Because you reject the law of your God, I will reject your descendants. |
| Hosea 4:6 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:6 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ὡμοιώθη ὁ λαός μου ὡς οὐκ ἔχων γνῶσιν ὅτι σὺ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀπώσω κἀγὼ ἀπώσομαι σὲ τοῦ μὴ ἱερατεύειν μοι καὶ ἐπελάθου νόμον θεοῦ σου κἀγὼ ἐπιλήσομαι τέκνων σου |
ὡμοιώθη ὁ λαός μου ὡς οὐκ ἔχων γνῶσιν· ὅτι σὺ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀπώσω, κἀγὼ ἀπώσομαί σε τοῦ μὴ ἱερατεύειν μοι· καὶ ἐπελάθου νόμον Θεοῦ σου, κἀγὼ ἐπιλήσομαι τέκνων σου |
| Hosea 4:6 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:6 (English Elpenor) |
| My people have become like one who lacks knowledge; because you have rejected knowledge, I also will reject you from being a priest to me. And you forgot the law of your God; I also will forget your children. |
My people are like as if they had no knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt not minister as priest to me: and [as] thou has forgotten the law of thy God, I also will forget thy children. |
| Hosea 4:7 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:7 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:7 (NET) |
| As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will I change their glory into shame. |
As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will I change their glory into shame. |
The more the priests increased in numbers, the more they rebelled against me. They have turned their glorious calling into a shameful disgrace! |
| Hosea 4:8 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:8 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:8 (NET) |
| They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. |
They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. |
They feed on the sin offerings of my people; their appetites long for their iniquity! |
| Hosea 4:9 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:9 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:9 (NET) |
| And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. |
And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. |
I will deal with the people and priests together: I will punish them both for their ways, and I will repay them for their deeds. |
| Hosea 4:9 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:9 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ ἔσται καθὼς ὁ λαὸς οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἱερεύς καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ διαβούλια αὐτοῦ ἀνταποδώσω αὐτῷ |
καὶ ἔσται καθὼς ὁ λαὸς οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἱερεύς· καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ διαβούλια αὐτοῦ ἀνταποδώσω αὐτῷ |
| Hosea 4:9 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:9 (English Elpenor) |
| And it shall be as the people, so also the priest, and I will avenge on him his ways and repay him for his designs. |
And the priest shall be as the people: and I will avenge on them their ways, and I will recompense to them their counsels. |
| Hosea 4:10 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:10 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:10 (NET) |
| For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD. |
For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD. |
They will eat, but not be satisfied; they will engage in prostitution, but not increase in numbers because they have abandoned the Lord by pursuing other gods. |
| Hosea 4:10 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:10 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| καὶ φάγονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐμπλησθῶσιν ἐπόρνευσαν καὶ οὐ μὴ κατευθύνωσιν διότι τὸν κύριον ἐγκατέλιπον τοῦ φυλάξαι |
καὶ φάγονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐμπλησθῶσιν, ἐπόρνευσαν καὶ οὐ μὴ κατευθύνωσι, διότι τὸν Κύριον ἐγκατέλιπον τοῦ φυλάξαι |
| Hosea 4:10 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:10 (English Elpenor) |
| And they shall eat and not be satisfied; they have played the whore and shall not prosper, for they forsook the Lord to cherish |
And they shall eat, and shall not be satisfied: they have gone a-whoring, and shall by no means prosper: because they have left off to take heed to the Lord. |
| Hosea 4:12 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:12 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:12 (NET) |
| My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God. |
My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God. |
They consult their wooden idols, and their diviner’s staff answers with an oracle. The wind of prostitution blows them astray; they commit spiritual adultery against their God. |
| Hosea 4:12 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:12 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ἐν συμβόλοις ἐπηρώτων καὶ ἐν ῥάβδοις αὐτοῦ ἀπήγγελλον αὐτῷ πνεύματι πορνείας ἐπλανήθησαν καὶ ἐξεπόρνευσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν |
ἐν συμβόλοις ἐπηρώτων, καὶ ἐν ῥάβδοις αὐτοῦ ἀπήγγελλον αὐτῷ· πνεύματι πορνείας ἐπλανήθησαν καὶ ἐξεπόρνευσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτῶν |
| Hosea 4:12 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:12 (English Elpenor) |
| They would consult counselors, and with his rods they would report to him. They were led astray by a spirit of whoredom, and they played the whore from their God. |
They asked counsel by [means of] signs, and they reported answer to them by their staves: they have gone astray in a spirit of whoredom, and gone grievously a-whoring from their God. |
| Hosea 4:13 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:13 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:13 (NET) |
| They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery. |
They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery. |
They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills; they sacrifice under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is so pleasant. As a result, your daughters have become cult prostitutes, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery! |
| Hosea 4:13 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:13 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| ἐπὶ τὰς κορυφὰς τῶν ὀρέων ἐθυσίαζον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς βουνοὺς ἔθυον ὑποκάτω δρυὸς καὶ λεύκης καὶ δένδρου συσκιάζοντος ὅτι καλὸν σκέπη διὰ τοῦτο ἐκπορνεύσουσιν αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ νύμφαι ὑμῶν μοιχεύσουσιν |
ἐπὶ τὰς κορυφὰς τῶν ὀρέων ἐθυσίαζον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς βουνοὺς ἔθυον, ὑποκάτω δρυὸς καὶ λεύκης καὶ δένδρου συσκιάζοντος, ὅτι καλὸν σκέπη. διὰ τοῦτο ἐκπορνεύσουσιν αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν, καὶ αἱ νύμφαι ὑμῶν μοιχεύσουσι |
| Hosea 4:13 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:13 (English Elpenor) |
| They were offering sacrifice on the tops of the mountains and were sacrificing upon the hills, under an oak and a white poplar and a thickly shading tree, because shelter is a good thing. Therefore your daughters will play the whore, and your daughters-in-law will commit adultery. |
They have sacrificed on the tops of the mountains, and on the hills they have sacrificed under the oak and poplar, and under the shady tree, because the shade was good: therefore your daughters shall go a-whoring, and your daughters-in-law shall commit adultery. |
| Hosea 4:15 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:15 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:15 (NET) |
| Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth. |
Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth. |
Although you, O Israel, commit adultery, do not let Judah become guilty! Do not journey to Gilgal. Do not go up to Beth Aven. Do not swear, “As surely as the Lord lives!” |
| Hosea 4:15 (Septuagint BLB) |
Hosea 4:15 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| σὺ δέ Ισραηλ μὴ ἀγνόει καὶ Ιουδα μὴ εἰσπορεύεσθε εἰς Γαλγαλα καὶ μὴ ἀναβαίνετε εἰς τὸν οἶκον Ων καὶ μὴ ὀμνύετε ζῶντα κύριον |
Σὺ δέ, ᾿Ισραήλ, μὴ ἀγνόει, καὶ ᾿Ιούδα, μὴ εἰσπορεύεσθε εἰς Γάλγαλα καὶ μὴ ἀναβαίνετε εἰς τὸν Οἶκον ῏Ων καὶ μὴ ὀμνύετε ζῶντα Κύριον |
| Hosea 4:15 (NETS) |
Hosea 4:15 (English Elpenor) |
| But you, O Israel, stop being ignorant, and you, O Ioudas, stop going to to Galgala, and stop going up to the house of On, and stop swearing by the living Lord. |
But thou, O Israel, be not ignorant, and go ye not, [men of] Juda, to Galgala; and go not up to the house of On, and swear not by the living Lord. |
| Hosea 4:16 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:16 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:16 (NET) |
| For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place. |
For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place. |
Israel has rebelled like a stubborn heifer! Soon the Lord will put them out to pasture like a lamb in a broad field. |
| Hosea 4:18 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:18 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:18 (NET) |
| Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. |
Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. |
They consume their alcohol, then engage in cult prostitution; they dearly love their shameful behavior. |
| Hosea 4:19 (Tanakh) |
Hosea 4:19 (KJV) |
Hosea 4:19 (NET) |
| The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices. |
The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices. |
A whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings; they will be brought to shame because of their idolatrous worship. |
