Peter’s Third Gospel Proclamation

Peter’s third Gospel proclamation followed his arrest (Acts 4:1-7 NET):

While Peter and John were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander of the temple guard and the Sadducees came up to them, angry because they were teaching the people and announcing in Jesus the resurrection of the dead. So they seized them and put them in jail until the next day (for it was already evening). But many of those who had listened to the message believed, and the number of the men came to about 5,000.1

On the next day, their rulers, elders,2 and experts in the law3 came together in4 Jerusalem. Annas the high priest5 was there, and Caiaphas,6 John,7 Alexander,8 and others who were members of the high priest’s family. After making Peter and John stand in their midst, they began to inquire, “By what power or by what name did you do this?”

What a perfect setup for the Gospel. This was exactly what Jesus promised (Matthew 10:18-20 NET):

And you will be brought before governors and kings because of me, as a witness to them and to the Gentiles. Whenever they hand you over for trial, do not worry about how to speak or what to say, for what you should say will be given to you at that time [Table]. For it is not you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.

And the Spirit of Peter’s Father spoke just as Jesus had promised (Acts 4:8-12 NET):

Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, replied, “Rulers of the people and elders,9 if we are being examined today for a good deed done to a sick man (Acts 3:1-10)—by what means this man was healed10—let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands before you healthy. This Jesus is the stone that was rejected by you, the builders,11 that has become the cornerstone. And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no12 other name under heaven given among people by which we must be saved.”

Luke described how the rulers, elders and experts in the law, Annas the high priestand Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family13 responded to Peter’s Gospel proclamation (Acts 4:13, 14 NET):

When they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and discovered that they were uneducated and ordinary men, they were amazed and recognized these men had been with Jesus. And14 because they saw the man who had been healed standing with them, they had nothing to say against this.

Today people who reject Peter’s Gospel proclamation deny the truth of the Bible. They claim it is just a story. The rulers, elders, and experts in the law, Annas the high priestand Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family didn’t have that option available to them. The healed man was apparently well known to them and standing before them.

Paul credited what happened next to a partial hardening of Israel (Romans 11:25 NET):

For I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited: A partial hardening (πώρωσις ἀπὸ μέρους) has happened to Israel until the full number of the Gentiles has come in [Table].

I have assumed that πώρωσις ἀπὸ μέρους τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν (NET: A partial hardening has happened to Israel) meant that only some in Israel were hardened. Now I’m willing to consider that even that hardening of the some was merely partial (Romans 10:1-4 NET):

Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and prayer to God on behalf of my fellow Israelites is for their salvation [Table]. For I can testify that they are zealous for God, but their zeal is not in line with the truth. For ignoring the righteousness that comes from God and seeking instead to establish their own righteousness, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. For Christ is the end of the law, with the result that there is righteousness for everyone who believes.

But when they had ordered them to go outside the council, [the rulers, elders and experts in the law, Annas the high priestand Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family] began to confer15 with one another, saying (Acts 4:15-18 NET),

What should we do16 with these men? For it is plain to all who live in Jerusalem that a notable miraculous sign has come about through them, and we cannot deny17 it. But to keep this matter from spreading any further among the people, let us warn18 them to speak no more to anyone in this name.” And they called them in and ordered them19 not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus.

Unable (οὐ δυνάμεθα) to deny the truth of what happened, they used their authority to enlist Peter and John in a scheme to rewrite history. They would’ve preferred that Peter and John made the lame man walk by their own power or piety as good Jews, rather than have any of it attributed to Jesus, the Messiah.

Jesus had said (Matthew 23:2, 3 NET [Table]):

The experts in the law and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat. Therefore pay attention to what they tell you and do it. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they teach.

I admit that on my own I would have stumbled around trying to apply Jesus’ command to the situation in which Peter and John found themselves. But these uneducated (ἀγράμματοι,20 a form of ἀγράμματος) and ordinary (ἰδιῶται, a form of ἰδιώτης) men filled with the Holy Spirit as Jesus had promised did not stumble. They saw quickly and clearly that to obey their rulers in this command was to do what they do, e.g., rewrite history to suit their own narrative.

Peter and John replied (Acts 4:19, 20 NET):

Whether it is right before God to obey you rather than God, you decide, for it is impossible (οὐ δυνάμεθα) for us not to speak about what we have seen21 and heard.

They even sounded like Jesus. Paul described this transformation as follows (Galatians 2:20 NET):

I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So the life I now live in the body, I live because of the faithfulness of the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.

I have assumed that καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ (and gave himself for me) referred to Jesus’ death on a cross. In this context it seems overwhelmingly clear that He also gave his resurrection and his life, filled with his love, his joy, his peace, his patience, his kindness, his goodness, his faithfulness, his gentleness and his self-control, a new mind filled with his knowledge and a new heart filled with his understanding to the glory of God.

After threatening [Peter and John] further, [the rulers, elders, and experts in the law, Annas the high priestand Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family] released them, for they could not find how to punish22 them on account of the people, because they were all praising God for what had happened. For the man, on whom this miraculous sign of healing had been performed, was over forty years old.23

But the rulers, elders, and experts in the law, Annas the high priestand Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family set official Israel firmly on course to become one of the nations that rage, one of the peoples that plot foolish things as they assembled together, against the Lord and against his Christ’24 until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.25

Paul concluded (Romans 11:28-32 NET):

In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers. For the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable. Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience, so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy [Table]. For God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to them all.

A note in the NET (32) claimed that Peter quoted from Psalm 118:22. A table comparing the Greek of Peter’s quotation to that of the Septuagint follows.

Acts 4:11 (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 118:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 117:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

λίθος, ἐξουθενηθεὶς ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν τῶν οἰκοδόμων, γενόμενος εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας λίθον, ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας

Acts 4:11 (NET)

Psalm 117:22 (NETS)

Psalm 117:22 (English Elpenor)

the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, that has become the cornerstone. A stone which the builders rejected, this one became the chief cornerstone. The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner.

Peter’s quotation appears to be a relatively independent translation of the Hebrew. I focused particularly on מָֽאֲס֣וּ (mā’as), translated ἀπεδοκίμασαν (a form of ἀποδοκιμάζω) in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Psalm 118:22 (Tanakh/KJV)

Psalm 118:22 (NET)

Psalm 117:22 (NETS)

IPsalm 117:22 (Elpenor English)

The stone which the builders refused (מָֽאֲס֣וּ) is become the head stone of the corner. The stone that the builders discarded (mā’as, מאסו) has become the cornerstone. A stone which the builders rejected (ἀπεδοκίμασαν), this one became the chief cornerstone. The stone which the builders rejected (ἀπεδοκίμασαν), the same is become the head of the corner.

The rabbis, it seems, gave the builders the benefit of the doubt, that they had carefully considered their rejection. It’s not that hard to see why the Holy Spirit preferred ἐξουθενηθεὶς (a form of ἐξουθενέω).

Holy Spirit: ἐξουθενέω

Septuagint: ἀποδοκιμάζω

to despise, disdain, scorn; to reject (with contempt); to treat with contempt; to be of no account to reject on scrutiny; to reject after failing testing; to reject as unworthy, reject as unfit; to reject for lack of qualification, disapprove, repudiate, disallow

The quotation of Psalm 2:1, 2 (NET note 65) in Acts 4:25, 26 however was verbatim from the Septuagint.

Acts 4:25b, 26 (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 2:1, 2 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 2:1, 2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἱνατί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῗς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ ΙΝΑΤΙ ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ

Acts 4:25b, 26 (NET)

Psalm 2:1, 2 (NETS)

Psalm 2:1, 2 (English Elpenor)

Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot foolish things? The kings of the earth stood together, and the rulers assembled together, against the Lord and against his Christ.’ Why did nations grow insolent, and peoples contemplate vain things? The kings of the earth stood side by side, and the rulers gathered together, against the Lord and against his anointed, Wherefore did the heathen rage, and the nations imagine vain things? The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers gathered themselves together, against the Lord, and against his Christ;

Tables comparing Psalm 118:22; 2:1 and 2:2 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Psalm 118:22 (117:22); 2:1 and 2:2 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Acts 4:4-6; 4:8, 9; 4:11, 12; 4:14; 4:15-18; 4:20; 4:21 and 4:25 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 118:22 (Tanakh)

Psalm 118:22 (KJV)

Psalm 118:22 (NET)

The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. The stone which the builders rejected Is become the head of the corner. The stone that the builders discarded has become the cornerstone.

Psalm 118:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 117:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας λίθον, ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας

Psalm 117:22 (NETS)

Psalm 117:22 (English Elpenor)

A stone which the builders rejected, this one became the chief cornerstone. The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner.

Psalm 2:1 (Tanakh)

Psalm 2:1 (KJV)

Psalm 2:1 (NET)

Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? Why do the nations rebel? Why are the countries devising plots that will fail?

Psalm 2:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 2:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά ΙΝΑΤΙ ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά

Psalm 2:1 (NETS)

Psalm 2:1 (English Elpenor)

Why did nations grow insolent, and peoples contemplate vain things? Wherefore did the heathen rage, and the nations imagine vain things?

Psalm 2:2 (Tanakh)

Psalm 2:2 (KJV)

Psalm 2:2 (NET)

The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, The kings of the earth form a united front; the rulers collaborate against the Lord and his anointed king.

Psalm 2:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 2:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῗς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ διάψαλμα παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ (διάψαλμα)

Psalm 2:2 (NETS)

Psalm 2:2 (English Elpenor)

The kings of the earth stood side by side, and the rulers gathered together, against the Lord and against his anointed, Interlude on strings The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers gathered themselves together, against the Lord, and against his Christ;

Acts 4:4-6 (NET)

Acts 4:4-6 (KJV)

But many of those who had listened to the message believed, and the number of the men came to about 5,000. Howbeit many of them which heard the word believed; and the number of the men was about five thousand.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

πολλοὶ δὲ τῶν ἀκουσάντων τὸν λόγον ἐπίστευσαν καὶ ἐγενήθη [ὁ] ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν [ὡς] χιλιάδες πέντε πολλοι δε των ακουσαντων τον λογον επιστευσαν και εγενηθη ο αριθμος των ανδρων ωσει χιλιαδες πεντε πολλοι δε των ακουσαντων τον λογον επιστευσαν και εγενηθη ο αριθμος των ανδρων ωσει χιλιαδες πεντε
On the next day, their rulers, elders, and experts in the law came together in Jerusalem. And it came to pass on the morrow, that their rulers, and elders, and scribes,

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν αὔριον συναχθῆναι αὐτῶν τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ εγενετο δε επι την αυριον συναχθηναι αυτων τους αρχοντας και πρεσβυτερους και γραμματεις εγενετο δε επι την αυριον συναχθηναι αυτων τους αρχοντας και πρεσβυτερους και γραμματεις εις ιερουσαλημ
Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family. And Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest, were gathered together at Jerusalem.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

καὶ Ἅννας ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ Καϊάφας καὶ Ἰωάννης καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος καὶ ὅσοι ἦσαν ἐκ γένους ἀρχιερατικοῦ εις ιερουσαλημ και ανναν τον αρχιερεα και καιαφαν και ιωαννην και αλεξανδρον και οσοι ησαν εκ γενους αρχιερατικου και ανναν τον αρχιερεα και καιαφαν και ιωαννην και αλεξανδρον και οσοι ησαν εκ γενους αρχιερατικου

Acts 4:8, 9 (NET)

Acts 4:8, 9 (KJV)

Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, replied, “Rulers of the people and elders, Then Peter, filled with the Holy Ghost, said unto them, Ye rulers of the people, and elders of Israel,

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Τότε Πέτρος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ πρεσβύτεροι τοτε πετρος πλησθεις πνευματος αγιου ειπεν προς αυτους αρχοντες του λαου και πρεσβυτεροι του ισραηλ τοτε πετρος πλησθεις πνευματος αγιου ειπεν προς αυτους αρχοντες του λαου και πρεσβυτεροι του ισραηλ
if we are being examined today for a good deed done to a sick man—by what means this man was healed— If we this day be examined of the good deed done to the impotent man, by what means he is made whole;

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

εἰ ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα ἐπὶ εὐεργεσίᾳ ἀνθρώπου ἀσθενοῦς – ἐν τίνι οὗτος |σέσωται| ει ημεις σημερον ανακρινομεθα επι ευεργεσια ανθρωπου ασθενους εν τινι ουτος σεσωσται ει ημεις σημερον ανακρινομεθα επι ευεργεσια ανθρωπου ασθενους εν τινι ουτος σεσωσται

Acts 4:11, 12 (NET)

Acts 4:11, 12 (KJV)

This Jesus is the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, that has become the cornerstone. This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ λίθος, ὁ ἐξουθενηθεὶς ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν τῶν οἰκοδόμων, ὁ γενόμενος εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας ουτος εστιν ο λιθος ο εξουθενηθεις υφ υμων των οικοδομουντων ο γενομενος εις κεφαλην γωνιας ουτος εστιν ο λιθος ο εξουθενηθεις υφ υμων των οικοδομουντων ο γενομενος εις κεφαλην γωνιας
And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among people by which we must be saved.” Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία, οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομα ἐστιν ἕτερον ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς και ουκ εστιν εν αλλω ουδενι η σωτηρια ουτε γαρ ονομα εστιν ετερον υπο τον ουρανον το δεδομενον εν ανθρωποις εν ω δει σωθηναι ημας και ουκ εστιν εν αλλω ουδενι η σωτηρια ουτε γαρ ονομα εστιν ετερον υπο τον ουρανον το δεδομενον εν ανθρωποις εν ω δει σωθηναι ημας

Acts 4:14 (NET)

Acts 4:14 (KJV)

And because they saw the man who had been healed standing with them, they had nothing to say against this. And beholding the man which was healed standing with them, they could say nothing against it.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τόν τε ἄνθρωπον βλέποντες σὺν αὐτοῖς ἑστῶτα τὸν τεθεραπευμένον οὐδὲν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν τον δε ανθρωπον βλεποντες συν αυτοις εστωτα τον τεθεραπευμενον ουδεν ειχον αντειπειν τον δε ανθρωπον βλεποντες συν αυτοις εστωτα τον τεθεραπευμενον ουδεν ειχον αντειπειν

Acts 4:15-18 (NET)

Acts 4:15-18 (KJV)

But when they had ordered them to go outside the council, they began to confer with one another, But when they had commanded them to go aside out of the council, they conferred among themselves,

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

κελεύσαντες δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔξω τοῦ συνεδρίου ἀπελθεῖν συνέβαλλον πρὸς ἀλλήλους κελευσαντες δε αυτους εξω του συνεδριου απελθειν συνεβαλον προς αλληλους κελευσαντες δε αυτους εξω του συνεδριου απελθειν συνεβαλλον προς αλληλους
saying, “What should we do with these men? For it is plain to all who live in Jerusalem that a notable miraculous sign has come about through them, and we cannot deny it. Saying, What shall we do to these men? for that indeed a notable miracle hath been done by them is manifest to all them that dwell in Jerusalem; and we cannot deny it.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

λέγοντες· τί ποιήσωμεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις; ὅτι μὲν γὰρ γνωστὸν σημεῖον γέγονεν δι᾿ αὐτῶν πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ φανερὸν καὶ οὐ δυνάμεθα ἀρνεῖσθαι λεγοντες τι ποιησομεν τοις ανθρωποις τουτοις οτι μεν γαρ γνωστον σημειον γεγονεν δι αυτων πασιν τοις κατοικουσιν ιερουσαλημ φανερον και ου δυναμεθα αρνησασθαι λεγοντες τι ποιησομεν τοις ανθρωποις τουτοις οτι μεν γαρ γνωστον σημειον γεγονεν δι αυτων πασιν τοις κατοικουσιν ιερουσαλημ φανερον και ου δυναμεθα αρνησασθαι
But to keep this matter from spreading any further among the people, let us warn them to speak no more to anyone in this name.” But that it spread no further among the people, let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον διανεμηθῇ εἰς τὸν λαὸν ἀπειλησώμεθα αὐτοῖς μηκέτι λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων αλλ ινα μη επι πλειον διανεμηθη εις τον λαον απειλη απειλησωμεθα αυτοις μηκετι λαλειν επι τω ονοματι τουτω μηδενι ανθρωπων αλλ ινα μη επι πλειον διανεμηθη εις τον λαον απειλη απειλησομεθα αυτοις μηκετι λαλειν επι τω ονοματι τουτω μηδενι ανθρωπων
And they called them in and ordered them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. And they called them, and commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Καὶ καλέσαντες αὐτοὺς παρήγγειλαν |τὸ| καθόλου μὴ φθέγγεσθαι μηδὲ διδάσκειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι |τοῦ| Ἰησοῦ και καλεσαντες αυτους παρηγγειλαν αυτοις το καθολου μη φθεγγεσθαι μηδε διδασκειν επι τω ονοματι του ιησου και καλεσαντες αυτους παρηγγειλαν αυτοις το καθολου μη φθεγγεσθαι μηδε διδασκειν επι τω ονοματι του ιησου

Acts 4:20 (NET)

Acts 4:20 (KJV)

for it is impossible for us not to speak about what we have seen and heard. For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὐ δυνάμεθα γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἃ εἴδαμεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν μὴ λαλεῖν ου δυναμεθα γαρ ημεις α ειδομεν και ηκουσαμεν μη λαλειν ου δυναμεθα γαρ ημεις α ειδομεν και ηκουσαμεν μη λαλειν

Acts 4:21 (NET)

Acts 4:21 (KJV)

After threatening them further, they released them, for they could not find how to punish them on account of the people, because they were all praising God for what had happened. So when they had further threatened them, they let them go, finding nothing how they might punish them, because of the people: for all men glorified God for that which was done.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οἱ δὲ προσαπειλησάμενοι ἀπέλυσαν αὐτούς, μηδὲν εὑρίσκοντες τὸ πῶς κολάσωνται αὐτούς, διὰ τὸν λαόν, ὅτι πάντες ἐδόξαζον τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ τῷ γεγονότι οι δε προσαπειλησαμενοι απελυσαν αυτους μηδεν ευρισκοντες το πως κολασωνται αυτους δια τον λαον οτι παντες εδοξαζον τον θεον επι τω γεγονοτι οι δε προσαπειλησαμενοι απελυσαν αυτους μηδεν ευρισκοντες το πως κολασονται αυτους δια τον λαον οτι παντες εδοξαζον τον θεον επι τω γεγονοτι

Acts 4:25 (NET)

Acts 4:25 (KJV)

who said by the Holy Spirit through your servant David our forefather, ‘Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot foolish things? Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου στόματος Δαυὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών· ἱνατί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά ο δια στοματος δαβιδ του παιδος σου ειπων ινα τι εφρυαξαν εθνη και λαοι εμελετησαν κενα ο δια στοματος δαυιδ παιδος σου ειπων ινα τι εφρυαξαν εθνη και λαοι εμελετησαν κενα

2 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article τοὺς preceding elders. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

3 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article τοὺς preceding experts in the law (KJV: scribes). The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

4 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐν here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had εις. The Stephanus Textus Receptus also had εις but at the beginning of verse 6.

9 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had του ισραηλ (KJV: of Israel) following elders. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

10 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had σέσωται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had σεσωσται (KJV: is made whole).

12 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had οὐδὲ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουτε (KJV: none).

13 Acts 4:6 (NET)

18 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απειλη (KJV: straitly) preceding warn (KJV: threaten). The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

20 NET note 37: Uneducated does not mean “illiterate,” that is, unable to read or write. Among Jews in NT times there was almost universal literacy, especially as the result of widespread synagogue schools. The term refers to the fact that Peter and John had no formal rabbinic training and thus, in the view of their accusers, were not qualified to expound the law or teach publicly. The objection is like Acts 2:7.

23 Acts 4:21, 22 (NET)

24 Acts 4:25b, 26b (NET)

25 Romans 11:25b (NET) Table

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 7

This is a continuation of a consideration of the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, a translation of the Hebrew before Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah.  The final clause of the first verse under consideration follows:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 53:10d (NET) Isaiah 53:10d (NETS)

Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English)

and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand (בְּיָד֥וֹ). and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him (yāḏ, בידו). And the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν) the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from

I’ve been considering other negative examples[1] in Isaiah of forms of יָד (yāḏ) in the Masoretic text which were not translated literally with forms of χείρ in the Septuagint.  That exercise has yielded two classes of negative examples: “vapor trail” and “no trace.”

Negative Examples

vapor trail

no trace

Isaiah 47:14 Isaiah 10:13
Isaiah 50:11 Isaiah 19:25
Isaiah 56:5 Isaiah 20:2
Isaiah 57:8 Isaiah 25:10
Isaiah 57:10 Isaiah 29:23
Isaiah 64:7
Isaiah 65:22

A vapor trail (contrail) left by an airplane may be fresh and obvious or very diffuse.  Likewise the trail of forms of יָד (yāḏ) left in some of these negative examples is more obvious than others.  There are other examples where the trail back to a form of יָד (yāḏ) has vanished without a trace.  Those cause me to wonder whether a form of יָד (yāḏ) was in the Hebrew text the rabbis translated into Greek.  Which class best describes Isaiah 53:10d, where the rabbis chose ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint?

There are four other occurrences of ἀφελεῖν in the Septuagint to consider.  The first includes יַד (yāḏ) as well.

Masoretic Text Septuagint
Genesis 48:17 (Tanakh) Genesis 48:17 (NET) Genesis 48:17 (NETS)

Genesis 48:17 (Elpenor English)

And when Joseph saw that his father was laying his right hand (יַד) upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him, and he held up his father’s hand (יַד), to remove (לְהָסִ֥יר) it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head. When Joseph saw that his father placed his right hand (yad, יד) on Ephraim’s head, it displeased him.  So he took his father’s hand (yad, יד) to move (sûr, להסיר) it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head. Now when Ioseph saw that his father laid his right hand (δεξιὰν) on the head of Ephraim, it seemed grievous to him, and Ioseph took hold of his father’s hand (χειρὸς) to remove (ἀφελεῗν) it from Ephraim’s head to Manasse’s head. And Joseph having seen that his father put his right (δεξιὰν) hand (χεῖρα) on the head of Ephraim– it seemed grievous to him; and Joseph took hold of the hand (χειρὸς) of his father, to remove (ἀφελεῖν) it from the head of Ephraim to the head of Manasse.

I haven’t yet begun to consider יִצְלָֽח (ṣālēaḥ), shall prosper (Tanakh), will be accomplished (NET).  I will need to consider whether the rabbis understood בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ) יִצְלָֽח (ṣālēaḥ) idiomatically when I do.  Here though, לְהָסִ֥יר (sûr) does not occur in Isaiah 53:10d.  The next example of לְהָסִ֣יר (sûr) translated ἀφελεῖν follows.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
2 Kings 6:32 (Tanakh) 2 Kings 6:32 (NET) 4 Reigns 6:32 (NETS)

4 Kings 6:32 (Elpenor English)

But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him; but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders: ‘See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away (לְהָסִ֣יר) my head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold the door fast against him; is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?’ Now Elisha was sitting in his house with the community leaders.  The king sent a messenger on ahead, but before he arrived, Elisha said to the leaders, “Do you realize this assassin intends to cut off (sûr, להסיר) my head?  Look, when the messenger arrives, shut the door and lean against it.  His master will certainly be right behind him.” And Elisaie was sitting in his house, and the elders were sitting with him.  And he sent a man before his presence.  Before the messenger came to him, he also said to the elders, “Are you aware that this son of the murderer sent someone to take off (ἀφελεῗν) my head?  Look, when the messenger comes, shut the door, and detain him at the door.  Is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?” And Elisaie was sitting in his house, and the elders were sitting with him; and [the king] sent a man before him: before the messenger came to him, he also said to the elders, Do ye see that this son of a murderer has sent to take away (ἀφελεῖν) my head? See, as soon as the messenger shall have come, shut the door, and forcibly detain him at the door: [is] not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?

In the next example לְהַֽעֲבִיר֙ (ʿāḇar) was translated ἀφελεῖν.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Esther 8:3 (Tanakh) Esther 8:3 (NET) Esther 8:3 (NETS)

Esther 8:3 (Elpenor English)

And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away (לְהַֽעֲבִיר֙) the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews. Then Esther again spoke with the king, falling at his feet.  She wept and begged him for mercy that he might nullify (ʿāḇar, להעביר) the evil of Haman the Agagite and the plot that he had intended against the Jews. Then she spoke again to the king, and she fell before his feet and pleaded that he revoke (ἀφελεῗν) the evil of Haman and what he had done to the Judeans. And she spoke yet again to the king, and fell at his feet, and besought [him] to do away (ἀφελεῖν) the mischief of Aman, and all that he had done against the Jews.

Finally, in the following example לִגְר֑וֹעַ (gāraʿ) was translated ἀφελεῖν in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ecclesiastes 3:14 (Tanakh) Ecclesiastes 3:14 (NET) Ecclesiastes 3:14 (NETS)

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (Elpenor English)

I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken (לִגְר֑וֹעַ) from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. I also know that whatever God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing taken away (gāraʿ, לגרע) from it.  God has made it this way, so that men will fear him. I know that everything that God has done—it will be forever; to it there is nothing to add, and from it there is nothing to take away (ἀφελεῗν); God has done this so that all should stand in awe before him. I know that whatsoever things God has done, they shall be for ever: it is impossible to add to it, and it is impossible to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from it: and God has done [it], that [men] may fear before him.

I searched the BLB Septuagint for all the forms of ἀφαιρέω listed in the Koine Greek Lexicon online (Table below), then made the following table of the forms found in Isaiah.

Reference Chabad.org Tanakh NET Septuagint BLB Septuagint Elpenor
Isaiah 1:16 הָסִ֛ירוּ H5493 put away Remove ἀφέλετε ἀφέλετε
Isaiah 1:25 וְאָסִ֖ירָה H5493 take away remove ἀφελῶ ἀφελῶ
Isaiah 3:1 מֵסִ֚יר H5493 doth take away remove ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 3:18 יָסִ֣יר H5493 will take away will remove ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 4:1 אֱסֹ֖ף H622 to take away take away ἄφελε ἄφελε
Isaiah 5:5 הָסֵ֚ר H5493 I will take away I will remove ἀφελῶ ἀφελῶ
Isaiah 5:8 n/a n/a n/a ἀφέλωνται ἀφέλωνταί
Isaiah 6:7 וְסָ֣ר H5493 is taken away is removed ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 7:17 סוּר H5493 departed departed ἀφεῖλεν ἀφεῖλεν
Isaiah 7:20 תִּסְפֶּֽה H5595 and it shall also consume it will also shave off ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 8:8 וְחָלַ֚ף H2498 And he shall pass It will spill ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 9:4 n/a n/a n/a ἀφῄρηται ἀφῄρηται
Isaiah 9:14 וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת H3772 will cut off cut off ἀφεῖλεν ἀφεῖλε
Isaiah 10:13 וְאָסִ֣יר H5493 and I have removed I invaded ἀφελῶ ἀφελῶ
Isaiah 10:27 יָס֚וּר H5493 shall be taken away will remove ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
Isaiah 11:13 וְסָ֙רָה֙ H5493 shall depart will end ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
Isaiah 14:25 וְסָ֚ר H5493 depart will be removed ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
יָסֽוּר H5493 depart will be lifted ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
Isaiah 16:2 מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח H7971 cast out forced from ἀφῃρημένος ἀφηρημένος
Isaiah 18:5 הֵסִ֥יר H5493 and take away Note 13: he will remove ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 20:2 וּפִתַּחְתָּ֚ H6605 and loose remove ἄφελε ἄφελε
Isaiah 22:17 n/a n/a n/a ἀφελεῖ ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 22:19 וַֽהֲדַפְתִּ֖יךָ H1920 And I will drive I will remove ἀφαιρεθήσῃ ἀφαιρεθήσῃ
Isaiah 22:25 תָּמוּשׁ֙ H4185 be removed will come loose ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
Isaiah 25:8 וּמָחָ֨ה H4229 will wipe away will wipe away ἀφεῗλεν ἀφεῖλε
יָסִיר֙ H5493 shall he take away and remove ἀφεῖλεν ἀφεῖλεν
Isaiah 27:9 יְכֻפַּ֣ר H3722 be purged will be forgiven ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀφαιρεθήσεται
הָסִ֣ר H5493 to take away are finished ἀφέλωμαι ἀφέλωμαι
Isaiah 28:18 וְכֻפַּ֚ר H3722 shall be disannulled will be dissolved ἀφέλῃ ἀφέλῃ
Isaiah 30:11 הַטּ֖וּ H5186 turn aside stray ἀφέλετε ἀφέλετε
הַשְׁבִּ֥יתוּ H7673 to cease Remove ἀφέλετε ἀφέλετε
Isaiah 38:15 אֶדַּדֶּ֥ה H1718 I shall go softly I will walk slowly ἀφείλατο ἀφείλατό
Isaiah 40:27 יַֽעֲבֽוֹר H5674 is passed over Note 55: passes away ἀφεῖλεν ἀφεῖλε
Isaiah 53:10 n/a n/a n/a ἀφελεῖν ἀφελεῖν
Isaiah 58:9 תָּסִ֚יר H5493 thou take away You…remove ἀφέλῃς ἀφέλῃς

There are sixteen more examples where forms of ἀφαιρέω were chosen for forms of סוּר (sûr).  I’ll consider two of those in detail because they also contain forms of יָד (yāḏ).

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 1:25 (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 1:25 (NET) Isaiah 1:25 (NETS)

Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor English)

And I will turn my hand (יָדִי֙) upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away (וְאָסִ֖ירָה) all thy tin: I will attack you [Note 66: turn my hand (yad, ידי) against you]; I will purify your metal with flux.  I will remove (sûr, ואסירה) all your slag. And I will turn my hand (τὴν χεῗρά μου) against you and will burn you to bring about purity.  But the disobedient I will destroy, and I will remove (ἀφελῶ) from you all the lawless and humble all who are arrogant. And I will bring my hand (τὴν χεῖρά μου) upon thee, and purge thee completely, and I will destroy the rebellious, and will take away (ἀφελῶ) from thee all transgressors.

I considered this briefly in another essay.  Here I can focus a bit more attention on it.  There are two clauses in the Septuagint which are no longer found in the Masoretic text:

Isaiah 1:25 (Septuagint BLB) Isaiah 1:25 (NETS) Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor)

Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor English)

τοὺς δὲ ἀπειθοῦντας ἀπολέσω But the disobedient I will destroy, τοὺς δὲ ἀπειθοῦντας ἀπολέσω and I will destroy the rebellious,
καὶ πάντας ὑπερηφάνους ταπεινώσω and humble all who are arrogant. καὶ πάντας ὑπηφάνους ταπεινώσω n/a

The Greek word ἀπειθοῦντας, the disobedient (NETS), the rebellious (Elpenor English), is a form of ἀπειθέωBut the Jews who refused to believe (ἀπειθήσαντες, another form of ἀπειθέω) stirred up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against the brothers,[2] Luke wrote of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium.  And to whom did he swear they would never enter into his rest, except those who were disobedient (ἀπειθήσασιν, another form of ἀπειθέω)?[3]  He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not (ἀπειθῶν, another form of ἀπειθέω) the Son shall not see life;[4] but the wrath of God abideth on him.[5]

They stumble because they disobey (ἀπειθοῦντες, another form of ἀπειθέω) the word, as they were destined to do,[6] Peter wrote.  For it is time for judgment to begin, starting with the house of God.  And if it starts with us, what will be the fate of those who are disobedient (ἀπειθούντων, another form of ἀπειθέω) to the gospel of God?[7]  Paul wrote (Romans 2:3-8 NET):

And do you think, whoever you are, when you judge those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, that you will escape God’s judgment?  Or do you have contempt for the wealth of his kindness, forbearance, and patience, and yet do not know that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?  But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed [Table]!  He will reward each one according to his works: eternal life to those who by perseverance in good works seek glory and honor and immortality, but wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition and do not obey (ἀπειθοῦσι, another form of ἀπειθέω) the truth but follow unrighteousness [Table].

Paul also wrote (Romans 11:28-32 NET):

In regard to the gospel they [the descendants of Israel who do not obey the truth; e.g., Jesus] are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers.  For the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable.  Just as you[8] were formerly disobedient (ἠπειθήσατε, another form of ἀπειθέω) to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience (ἀπειθείᾳ), so they too have now been disobedient (ἠπείθησαν, another form of ἀπειθέω) in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now[9] receive mercy.  For God has consigned all people to disobedience (ἀπείθειαν, a form of ἀπείθεια) so that he may show mercy to them all.

I’ll pick this up again in another essay.  The table mentioned above follows:

Present

ἀφαιρεῖται
Exodus 5:11 Leviticus 4:10 Job 9:21 Proverbs 13:18 Proverbs 14:35
ἀφαιρῆτε
Numbers 18:30 Numbers 18:32
ἀφαιροῦνται
Proverbs 1:19 Proverbs 11:30
ἀφαιροῦσιν
Leviticus 22:15 1 Samuel 17:39 2 Samuel 4:7

Present Participles

ἀφαιρῶν
Exodus 34:7 Exodus 35:24 Numbers 4:18
ἀφαιρουμένῳ
Psalm 76:12

Future

ἀφαιρεθήσετα
Numbers 36:3 Numbers 36:4 Isaiah 10:27 Isaiah 11:13 Isaiah 14:25
Isaiah 22:25 Isaiah 27:9 Jeremiah 6:2 Ezekiel 48:14 Zechariah 10:11
ἀφαιρεθήσῃ
Isaiah 22:19
ἀφελεῖ
Genesis 40:9 Leviticus 1:16 Leviticus 2:9 Leviticus 6:10 Leviticus 6:15
Job 36:7 Isaiah 3:1 Isaiah 3:18 Isaiah 6:7 Isaiah 7:20
Isaiah 8:8 Isaiah 18:5 Isaiah 22:17
ἀφελεῖς
Exodus 5:8 Exodus 13:12 Exodus 34:9 Deuteronomy 12:32
ἀφελεῖτε
Numbers 15:19 Numbers 15:20 Numbers 18:26 Numbers 18:28 Numbers 18:29
Numbers 31:28 Deuteronomy 4:2
ἀφελοῦμαι
Hosea 2:9
ἀφελοῦνται
Ezekiel 26:16
ἀφελοῦσιν
Jeremiah 11:15 Ezekiel 23:25
ἀφελῶ
Exodus 33:23 Numbers 11:17 1 Samuel 17:36 1 Samuel 17:46 2 Samuel 16:9
Isaiah 1:25 Isaiah 5:5 Isaiah 10:13 Ezekiel 36:26

Aorist

ἀφείλαντο
Genesis 21:25 1 Samuel 7:14 Job 24:7 Job 24:10
ἀφεῖλας
Job 38:15
ἀφείλατο
Genesis 31:9 Genesis 31:16 1 Samuel 30:18 1 Chronicles 11:23 Esther 8:2
Job 1:21 Isaiah 38:15
ἀφεῖλεν
Genesis 30:23 Leviticus 8:29 Leviticus 19:21 1 Samuel 17:51 1 Samuel 24:4
1 Samuel 24:5 2 Samuel 20:22 1 Kings 15:12 1 Kings 20:41 1 Chronicles 19:4
Job 19:9 Isaiah 7:17 Isaiah 9:14 Isaiah 25:8 Isaiah 40:27
ἀφεῖλον
Numbers 31:52 Joshua 5:9
ἀφείλου
Job 22:6 Exekiel 21:26
ἄφελε
Isaiah 4:1 Isaiah 20:2
ἀφελεῖν
Genesis 48:17 2 Kings 6:32 Esther 8:3 Ecclesiastes 3:14 Isaiah 53:10
ἀφελέσθαι
Esther 4:4 Micah 2:8
ἀφέλεσθε
Exodus 33:5 Ezekiel 45:9
ἀφέλετε
Isaiah 1:16 Isaiah 30:11 Zechariah 3:4
ἀφελέτω
Numbers 21:7
ἀφέλῃ
Isaiah 28:18
ἀφέλῃς
Genesis 31:31 Proverbs 30:7 Isaiah 58:9 Jeremiah 26:2
ἀφέλητε
Leviticus 10:17
ἀφελοῦ
Proverbs 26:7 Proverbs 27:13
ἀφέλωμαι
Isaiah 27:9
ἀφέλωνται
Isaiah 5:8
ἀφέλωσιν
Numbers 18:19
ἀφῃρέθη
Daniel 5:20

Perfect

ἀφῄρηκα
1 Samuel 24:11 Zechariah 3:4
ἀφῃρημένα
1 Samuel 5:4
ἀφῃρημένοι
1 Samuel 21:6
ἀφῃρημένος
Isaiah 16:2
ἀφῄρηται
Exodus 29:27 Judges 21:6 Proverbs 4:16 Isaiah 9:4

Tables comparing Genesis 48:17; 2 Kings 6:32; Esther 8:3 and Ecclesiastes 3:14 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Genesis 48:17; 2 Kings (4 Reigns, 4 Kings) 6:32; Esther 8:3 and Ecclesiastes 3:14 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing John 3:36 and Romans 11:30, 31 in the NET and KJV follow.

Genesis 48:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 48:17 (KJV)

Genesis 48:17 (NET)

And when Joseph saw that his father was laying his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him, and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head. And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head. When Joseph saw that his father placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, it displeased him.  So he took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.

Genesis 48:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 48:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἰδὼν δὲ Ιωσηφ ὅτι ἐπέβαλεν ὁ πατὴρ τὴν δεξιὰν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Εφραιμ βαρὺ αὐτῷ κατεφάνη καὶ ἀντελάβετο Ιωσηφ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἀφελεῗν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς Εφραιμ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Μανασση ἰδὼν δὲ ᾿Ιωσὴφ ὅτι ἐπέβαλεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ τὴν χεῖρα τὴν δεξιὰν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ᾿Εφραΐμ, βαρὺ αὐτῷ κατεφάνη, καὶ ἀντελάβετο ᾿Ιωσὴφ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἀφελεῖν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ᾿Εφραΐμ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Μανασσῆ

Genesis 48:17 (NETS)

Genesis 48:17 (English Elpenor)

Now when Ioseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it seemed grievous to him, and Ioseph took hold of his father’s hand to remove it from Ephraim’s head to Manasse’s head. And Joseph having seen that his father put his right hand on the head of Ephraim– it seemed grievous to him; and Joseph took hold of the hand of his father, to remove it from the head of Ephraim to the head of Manasse.

2 Kings 6:32 (Tanakh)

2 Kings 6:32 (KJV)

2 Kings 6:32 (NET)

But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him; but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders: ‘See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away my head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold the door fast against him; is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?’ But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him: but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders, See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him? Now Elisha was sitting in his house with the community leaders.  The king sent a messenger on ahead, but before he arrived, Elisha said to the leaders, “Do you realize this assassin intends to cut off my head?  Look, when the messenger arrives, shut the door and lean against it.  His master will certainly be right behind him.”

2 Kings 6:32 (Septuagint BLB)

4 Kings 6:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ Ελισαιε ἐκάθητο ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ἐκάθηντο μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἄνδρα πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ πρὶν ἐλθεῗν τὸν ἄγγελον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ αὐτὸς εἶπεν πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους εἰ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀπέστειλεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ φονευτοῦ οὗτος ἀφελεῗν τὴν κεφαλήν μου ἴδετε ὡς ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ ἄγγελος ἀποκλείσατε τὴν θύραν καὶ παραθλίψατε αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ θύρᾳ οὐχὶ φωνὴ τῶν ποδῶν τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ κατόπισθεν αὐτοῦ καὶ ῾Ελισαιὲ ἐκάθητο ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ἐκάθηντο μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἄνδρα πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τὸν ἄγγελον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ αὐτὸς εἶπε πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους· εἰ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀπέστειλεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ φονευτοῦ οὗτος ἀφελεῖν τὴν κεφαλήν μου; ἴδετε ὡς ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ ἄγγελος, ἀποκλείσατε τὴν θύραν· καὶ παραθλίψατε αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ θύρᾳ· οὐχὶ φωνὴ τῶν ποδῶν τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ κατόπισθεν αὐτοῦ

4 Reigns 6:32 (NETS)

4 Kings 6:32 (English Elpenor)

And Elisaie was sitting in his house, and the elders were sitting with him.  And he sent a man before his presence.  Before the messenger came to him, he also said to the elders, “Are you aware that this son of the murderer sent someone to take off my head?  Look, when the messenger comes, shut the door, and detain him at the door.  Is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?” And Elisaie was sitting in his house, and the elders were sitting with him; and [the king] sent a man before him: before the messenger came to him, he also said to the elders, Do ye see that this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? See, as soon as the messenger shall have come, shut the door, and forcibly detain him at the door: [is] not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?

Esther 8:3 (Tanakh)

Esther 8:3 (KJV)

Esther 8:3 (NET)

And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews. And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews. Then Esther again spoke with the king, falling at his feet.  She wept and begged him for mercy that he might nullify the evil of Haman the Agagite and the plot that he had intended against the Jews.

Esther 8:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Esther 8:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ προσθεῗσα ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ προσέπεσεν πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἠξίου ἀφελεῗν τὴν Αμαν κακίαν καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τοῗς Ιουδαίοις καὶ προσθεῖσα ἐλάλησε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ προσέπεσε πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἠξίου ἀφελεῖν τὴν ᾿Αμὰν κακίαν καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησε τοῖς ᾿Ιουδαίοις

Esther 8:3 (NETS)

Esther 8:3 (English Elpenor)

Then she spoke again to the king, and she fell before his feet and pleaded that he revoke the evil of Haman and what he had done to the Judeans. And she spoke yet again to the king, and fell at his feet, and besought [him] to do away the mischief of Aman, and all that he had done against the Jews.

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (Tanakh)

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (KJV)

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (NET)

I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. I also know that whatever God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing taken away from it.  God has made it this way, so that men will fear him.

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἔγνων ὅτι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεός αὐτὰ ἔσται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν προσθεῗναι καὶ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀφελεῗν καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἵνα φοβηθῶσιν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἔγνων ὅτι πάντα, ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός, αὐτὰ ἔσται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστι προσθεῖναι, καὶ ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀφελεῖν, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίησεν, ἵνα φοβηθῶσιν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (NETS)

Ecclesiastes 3:14 (English Elpenor)

I know that everything that God has done—it will be forever; to it there is nothing to add, and from it there is nothing to take away; God has done this so that all should stand in awe before him. I know that whatsoever things God has done, they shall be for ever: it is impossible to add to it, and it is impossible to take away from it: and God has done [it], that [men] may fear before him.

John 3:36 (NET)

John 3:36 (KJV)

The one who believes in the Son has eternal life.  The one who rejects the Son will not see life, but God’s wrath remains on him. He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν υἱὸν ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον· ὁ δὲ ἀπειθῶν τῷ υἱῷ οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν, ἀλλ᾿ ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν ο πιστευων εις τον υιον εχει ζωην αιωνιον ο δε απειθων τω υιω ουκ οψεται ζωην αλλ η οργη του θεου μενει επ αυτον ο πιστευων εις τον υιον εχει ζωην αιωνιον ο δε απειθων τω υιω ουκ οψεται την ζωην αλλ η οργη του θεου μενει επ αυτον

Romans 11:30, 31 (NET)

Romans 11:30, 31 (KJV)

Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience, For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ὥσπερ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε τῷ θεῷ, νῦν δὲ ἠλεήθητε τῇ τούτων ἀπειθείᾳ ωσπερ γαρ και υμεις ποτε ηπειθησατε τω θεω νυν δε ηλεηθητε τη τουτων απειθεια ωσπερ γαρ και υμεις ποτε ηπειθησατε τω θεω νυν δε ηλεηθητε τη τουτων απειθεια
so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy. Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὕτως καὶ οὗτοι νῦν ἠπείθησαν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ [νῦν] ἐλεηθῶσιν ουτως και ουτοι νυν ηπειθησαν τω υμετερω ελεει ινα και αυτοι ελεηθωσιν ουτως και ουτοι νυν ηπειθησαν τω υμετερω ελεει ινα και αυτοι ελεηθωσιν

[1] Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 3; Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 4; Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 5; Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 6

[2] Acts 14:2 (NET) Table

[3] Hebrews 3:18 (NET)

[4] The Byzantine Majority Text had the article την preceding life.  The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

[5] John 3:36 (KJV)

[6] 1 Peter 2:8b (NET)

[7] 1 Peter 4:17 (NET)

[8] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και preceding you (KJV: ye).  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[9] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had νῦν here.  The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.