In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction (ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).1 Now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having no bread2 after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”3
I’ve been working backwards from 2 Thessalonians 2:12. Here I’ll start with 2 Thessalonians 2:9 (NET).
The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,
The Greek words translated The arrival of the lawless one will be were οὗ ἐστιν ἡ παρουσία. I notice first that will be was not ἔσται in the future tense in Greek but ἐστιν in the present tense. The more problematic however is the translation of οὗ: of the lawless one. A note (18) in the NET acknowledged that οὗ…ἡ παρουσία is “whose coming,” but then simply asserted that whose was “referring to the lawless one.”
Paul’s introduction of the subject effectively designates the topics of his discussion (2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 NET):
Now regarding the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, not to be easily shaken from your composure or4 disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord5 is already here (ἐνέστηκεν, a form of ἐνίστημι). Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive (ἔλθῃ, a form of ἔρχομαι) until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness6 is revealed, the son of destruction.
Paul used the noun παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) to refer to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the verbs ἀποκαλυφθῇ, ἀποκαλυφθῆναι and ἀποκαλυφθήσεται (all forms of ἀποκαλύπτω) to refer to a time when the man of lawlessness is revealed. Here is the detail in a table.
…our Lord Jesus Christ |
…the man of lawlessness |
||
τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου |ἡμῶν| Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ
2 Thessalonians 2:1a (NET) |
ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | the man of lawlessness is revealed
2 Thessalonians 2:3b (NET) |
τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ |ἑαυτοῦ| καιρῷ | he will be revealed in his own time
2 Thessalonians 2:6b (NET) |
||
ὃν ὁ κύριος…καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ | whom the Lord will…wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival
2 Thessalonians 2:8b (NET) |
ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος | the lawless one will be revealed
2 Thessalonians 2:8a (NET) |
After three occurrences of forms of ἀποκαλύπτω clearly referring to the lawless one to be revealed, and two occurrences of παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) clearly referring to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, it is difficult to see how the very next occurrence of παρουσία could be “referring to the lawless one.”7 But “the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is by Satan’s working” is not a particularly easy reading of the text. Still, I can grasp from it that Paul and the Holy Spirit posited some relationship between the “arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ” and ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ, Satan’s working (NET).
The preposition linking them is κατ᾿, by (NET). The root κατά8 can mean against: “The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is against Satan’s working.” The translation against occurs most often when κατ᾿ is followed by a pronoun in the genitive case (see Table below). Here κατ᾿ was followed by ἐνέργειαν, a noun in the accusative case (see Table below).
I found only one example of κατ᾿ translated against when followed by a word in the accusative case, and that was also a pronoun (Acts 27:14 KJV):
But not long after there arose against it (κατ αυτης) a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.
Still, the Koine Greek Lexicon is fairly clear:
With Acc:
Relational:
in regard to
matching something to something else, a relationship between one thing and another, a correspondence between two things, compatibility, congruity, symmetry, harmony
facing, across from, over against
under the surface of
throughout (a space or surface)
along (of extension in space)
according to
“The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is facing, across from, over against Satan’s working” with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.9 With this understanding of κατ᾿ I hear the echo of Paul’s insight into the Gospel: where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.10
As the passage continues it becomes clear that God exploits Satan’s working for his own purpose (2 Thessalonians 2:11, 12 NET).
Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false [Table]. And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned [Table].
As I pointed out in another essay the Greek word translated will be condemned was not καταδικάσονται (a form of καταδικάζω) but κριθῶσιν (a form of κρίνω), “be judged.” And the judgment was clearly stated: God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.
I’ll back up again (2 Thessalonians 2:8 NET):
and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy11 by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.
The Greek words translated the lawless one (KJV: that Wicked) were ὁ ἄνομος, a singular adjective preceded by an article. This distinguishes ὁ ἄνομος from those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.12
Here is an example of the plural form of ἄνομος for contrast. Paul wrote about a group of people (1 Timothy 1:8-10 NET):
But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless (ἀνόμοις, a form of ἄνομος) and rebellious people, for the ungodly13 and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers14 or mothers,15 for murderers, sexually immoral people, practicing homosexuals, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching.
There were different outcomes stated for the lawless one and those who are perishing…
the lawless one |
those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved |
will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth |
Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false. 2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET) |
and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET) |
And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned (e.g., judged). 2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET) |
[T]he lawless one will be revealed (ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, a form of ἀποκαλύπτω). [T]he Lord will destroy [the lawless one] by the breath (KJV: spirit) of his mouth, which I assume means the words He speaks. The Greek word translated will destroy was ἀνελεῖ, a form of ἀναιρέω (NET parallel Greek text, NA28).16 And the Lord will wipe out (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the lawless one by the manifestation of his arrival. It seems worth noting that the first definition given for καταργέω is “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle.”
That has a hopeful sound for those who have believed what is false, those who are judged because they have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil. And here I may have the beginnings of an understanding why the translators felt obliged to make God’s purpose identical to Satan’s working and condemned them. I think it’s a limitation of the human mind.
We tend to bifurcate God in our minds into two distinct streams of activity. One stream is love and mercy. The other is vengeance and judgment. But God is One. Whether his activity is mercy or judgment, He is love and the course of these streams is set because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.17
Jesus said (John 12:31-33 NET):
Now is the judgment (κρίσις) of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die [Table].)
Here, I see the two streams of God’s activity converge into one in Christ. If I think that Jesus drawing all to Himself is too good, too merciful, to be true, I am immediately confronted by the fact that drawing all to Himself is the most thorough repudiation of the world He was sent to save, and save, not as it is but, as it will be through (δι᾿) Him.
I’ll back up again to learn when the lawless one will be revealed (2 Thessalonians 2:7 NET).
For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way,
The Greek word translated hidden power was μυστήριον. A note (15) in the NET explained the translators’ word choice.
Grk “the mystery of lawlessness.” In Paul “mystery” often means “revealed truth, something formerly hidden but now made widely known,” but that does not make sense with the verb of this clause (“to be at work, to be active”).
The Greek verb ἐνεργεῖται (a form of ἐνεργέω), translated at work, troubled them. The first definition of ἐνεργέω in the Koine Greek Lexicon is “to work, be at work, operate, be effective.” It seems an appropriate bookend to καταργήσει (a form of καταργέω) when the Lord returns “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle” the lawless one (and, presumably, this mystery of lawlessness, this hidden power) by the manifestation of his arrival.
[T]he one who holds him back was ὁ κατέχων, a participle of the verb κατέχω. I’ll back up two verses this time (2 Thessalonians 2:5, 6 NET).
Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. And so you know what holds him back (τὸ κατέχον, another participle of κατέχω), so that he will be revealed in his own time.
I’m really not seeing the issue the NET translators had with a mystery of lawlessness and a man of lawlessness that are partially revealed to those who heed Paul and still yet to be fully revealed at another later date. I’ll pick this up in another essay.
The two tables mentioned above follow:
Κατ᾿ + Gen |
||||
Reference | Greek | Part of Speech | KJV | NET |
Matthew 12:14 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Matthew 12:30 | κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ | Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against me | against me |
Mark 3:6 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | N/A |
Mark 14:56 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Mark 14:57 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Luke 11:23 | κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ | Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against me | against me |
Luke 23:14 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | whereof…him | him |
John 19:11 | κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ | Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against me | over me |
Acts 16:22 | κατ᾿ αὐτῶν | Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN | against them | against them |
Acts 19:16 | κατ᾿ αὐτῶν | Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN | against them | against them |
Acts 25:3 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against Paul |
Acts 25:15 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Acts 25:27 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Hebrews 6:13 | κατ᾿ οὐδενὸς | Adj: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | by no | by no one |
James 5:9 | κατ᾿ ἀλλήλων | Reciprocal Pronoun Gen Plur MFN | one against another | against one another |
2 Peter 2:11 | κατ᾿ αὐτῶν | Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN | against them | against them |
Jude 1:15 | κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ | Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut | against him | against him |
Κατ᾿ + Acc |
||||
Reference | Greek | Part of Speech | KJV | NET |
Matthew 14:13 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | privately |
Matthew 14:23 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | by himself |
Matthew 17:1 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | privately |
Matthew 17:19 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | privately |
Matthew 20:17 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | aside privately |
Matthew 24:3 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Mark 1:27 | κατ᾿ ἐξουσίαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | with authority | with authority |
Mark 4:34 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | when they were alone | privately |
Mark 6:31 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | privately |
Mark 6:32 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | by themselves |
Mark 7:33 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | aside | aside privately |
Mark 9:2 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | apart | privately |
Mark 9:28 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Mark 13:3 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Luke 9:10 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Luke 10:23 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Luke 10:33 | κατ᾿ αὐτὸν | Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc | when he saw him | where the injured man |
John 7:24 | κατ᾿ ὄψιν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the appearance | according to external appearance |
Acts 2:46 | κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | from house to house | from house to house |
Acts 5:42 | κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | in every house | from house to house |
Acts 12:1 | Κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνον | Demonstrative Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc | about that | about that |
Acts 13:23 | κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to his promise | just as he promised |
Acts 14:23 | κατ᾿ ἐκκλησίαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | in every church | in the various churches |
Acts 20:20 | κατ᾿ οἴκους | Noun: Acc Plur Masc | from house to house | from house to house |
Acts 23:19 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | privately |
Acts 25:23 | κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | principal | the prominent |
Acts 27:14 | κατ᾿ αὐτῆς | Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Fem | against it | from the island |
Romans 1:15 | τὸ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ | Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing | as much as in me is | N/A |
Romans 9:11 | κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to election | in election |
Romans 10:2 | κατ᾿ ἐπίγνωσιν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to knowledge | in line with the truth |
Romans 11:5 | κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the election | chosen |
Romans 16:5 | κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | is in…house | in…house |
Romans 16:26 | κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the commandment | according to the command |
1 Corinthians 7:6 | κατ᾿ ἐπιταγήν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | of commandment | as a command |
1 Corinthians 16:19 | κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | that is in…house | in…house |
2 Corinthians 8:8 | κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | by commandment | as a command |
Galatians 2:2 | κατ᾿ ἰδίαν | Adj: Acc Sing Fem | privately | in a private meeting |
Galatians 3:29 | κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the promise | according to the promise |
Ephesians 4:16 | κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the effectual working | N/A |
Ephesians 6:6 | κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν | Acc Sing Fem | with eyeservice | like those who do their work only when someone is watching |
Ephesians 6:21 | τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ | Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing | my affairs | about my circumstances |
Philippians 1:12 | τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ | Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing | the things which happened unto me | my situation |
Colossians 3:10 | κατ᾿ εἰκόνα | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | after the image of him | according to the image |
Colossians 4:7 | τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ | Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing | my state | the news about me |
Colossians 4:15 | τὴν κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | which is in…house | that meets in…house |
2 Thessalonians 2:9 | κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | after the working | by…working |
1 Timothy 1:1 | κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | by the commandment | by the command |
1 Timothy 6:3 | τῇ κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | which is according to godliness | that accords with godliness |
2 Timothy 1:1 | κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the promise | to further the promise |
Titus 1:1 | τῆς κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | which is after godliness | that is in keeping with godliness |
Titus 1:3 | κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the commandment | according to the command |
Titus 3:7 | κατ᾿ ἐλπίδα | Noun: Acc Sing Fem | according to the hope | with the confident expectation |
Philemon 1:2 | τῇ κατ᾿ οἶκον | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | in…house | that meets in…house |
Hebrews 1:10 | κατ᾿ ἀρχάς | Noun: Acc Plur Fem | in the beginning | in the beginning |
Hebrews 9:25 | κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | every year | year after year |
Hebrews 10:1 | κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | year by year | year after year |
Hebrews 10:3 | κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν | Noun: Acc Sing Masc | every year | year after year |
For completeness here are the rest of the tables I made in preparation for this essay.
Κατ᾿ + Nom / Acc |
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Reference | Greek | Part of Speech | KJV | NET |
Matthew 1:20 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | in a dream |
Matthew 2:12 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | in a dream |
Matthew 2:13 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | in a dream |
Matthew 2:19 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | in a dream |
Matthew 2:22 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | in a dream |
Matthew 27:19 | κατ᾿ ὄναρ | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | in a dream | of a dream |
Luke 2:41 | κατ᾿ ἔτος | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | every year | every year |
John 10:3 | κατ᾿ ὄνομα | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | by name | by name |
3 John 1:14 | κατ᾿ ὄνομα | Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut | by name | by name |
Κατ᾿ + Dat |
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Reference | Greek | Part of Speech | KJV | NET |
Galatians 3:1 | κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοὺς | Noun: Dat Plur Masc | before…eyes | Before…eyes |
Κατ᾿ + Verb Infin |
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Reference | Greek | Part of Speech | KJV | NET |
Philippians 2:3 | κατ᾿18 ἐριθείαν | Verb: 2Aor Act Infin | be done through strife | of being motivated by selfish ambition |
Tables comparing 2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3; 2:8 and 1 Timothy 1:9 in the NET and KJV follow.
2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (KJV) |
|
not to be easily shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. | That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. |
εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾿ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾿ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου | εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου | εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου |
Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction. | Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; |
Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον. ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας | μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας |
2 Thessalonians 2:8 (KJV) |
|
and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. | And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: |
καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος, ὃν ὁ κύριος ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ, | και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου | και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου |
1 Timothy 1:9 (KJV) |
|
realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, | Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, |
εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις, πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις | ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατραλωαις και μητραλωαις ανδροφονοις | ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατρολωαις και μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις |
1 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET)
3 Mark 8:15b (NET)
4 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had μηδὲ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μητε.
5 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had κυρίου here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had χριστου (KJV: Christ).
6 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀνομίας here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αμαρτιας (KJV: sin).
8 Based on the examples I’ve considered, I would say that κατ᾿ is used when the word following it begins with a vowel.
9 2 Thessalonians 2:9b, 10 (NET)
10 Romans 5:20b, 21 (NET)
11 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀνελεῖ (a form of ἀναιρέω) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.
13 The NET parallel Greek text had ἀσεβέσι here, where the NA28, Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ἀσεβέσιν.
14 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had πατρολῴαις here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had πατραλωαις (KJV: murderers of fathers).
15 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had μητρολῴαις here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had μητραλωαις (KJV: murderers of mothers).
16 In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text the word was αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.
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