Balaam, Balak and the 24,000, Part 1

The story of Balaam and Balak has been too fruitful to abandon. To continue I’ll introduce the “24,000” (Numbers 25:1-5 ESV).

While Israel lived in Shittim, the people began to whore with the daughters of Moab. These invited the people to the sacrifices of their gods (‘ĕlōhîm, אֱלֹהֵיהֶן; Septuagint: τῶν εἰδώλων αὐτῶν), and the people ate and bowed down to their gods (‘ĕlōhîm, לֵאלֹהֵיהֶן; Septuagint: τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν). So Israel yoked himself to Baal of Peor. And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel. And the Lord said to Moses, “Take all the chiefs of the people and hang them in the sun before the Lord, that the fierce anger of the Lord may turn away from Israel.” And Moses said to the judges of Israel, “Each of you kill those of his men who have yoked themselves to Baal of Peor.”

The apparent difference between what the Lord said to Moses and what Moses said to the judges of Israel deserves some consideration. For the moment, however, I’ll stay focused on the introduction of the “24,000” (Numbers 25:9 ESV).

Nevertheless, those who died by the plague (magēp̄â, בַּמַּגֵּפָה; Septuagint: τῇ πληγῇ) were twenty-four thousand.

After spending so much time1 recounting the Lord’s patience with two Gentiles—the prophet Balaam and Balak king of Moab—the Lord’s treatment of 24,000 of those whom Paul would later describe as a cultivated olive tree seems abrupt and precipitous. That has more to do with my story-telling than the Lord’s patience. So I’ll spend some time here reviewing his patience with the 24,000 (Exodus 9:13-26 ESV).

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning and present yourself before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, “Let my people go, that they may serve me. For this time I will send all my plagues (magēp̄â, מַגֵּפֹתַי; Septuagint: τὰ συναντήματά μου) on you yourself, and on your servants and your people, so that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth [Table]. For by now I could have put out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence (deḇer, בַּדָּבֶר; Septuagint: θανάτῳ or θανατώσω), and you would have been cut off from the earth [Table]. But for this purpose I have raised you up, to show you my power, so that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth [Table]. You are still exalting yourself against my people and will not let them go. Behold, about this time tomorrow I will cause very heavy hail to fall, such as never has been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. Now therefore send, get your livestock and all that you have in the field into safe shelter, for every man and beast that is in the field and is not brought home will die when the hail falls on them.”’” Then whoever feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh hurried his slaves and his livestock into the houses [Table], but whoever did not pay attention to the word of the Lord left his slaves and his livestock in the field [Table].

I began here because it is the first occurrence of the noun מַגֵּפָה (magēp̄â) in the Masoretic text (ESV: my plagues). There were six other “plagues” preceding this that the 24,000 certainly heard about, and may have witnessed personally while still in Egypt (Exodus 9:22-26 ESV).

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on man and beast and every plant of the field, in the land of Egypt.” Then Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt. There was hail and fire flashing continually in the midst of the hail, very heavy hail, such as had never been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. The hail struck down everything that was in the field in all the land of Egypt, both man and beast. And the hail struck down every plant of the field and broke every tree of the field. Only in the land of Goshen, where the people of Israel were, was there no hail.

The “plague” that killed the 24,000 was the last event described in Numbers before the second census (Numbers 26:63-65 ESV):

These were those listed by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who listed the people of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho. But among these there was not one of those listed by Moses and Aaron the priest, who had listed the people of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai (Numbers 1:1-46). For the Lord had said of them, “They shall die in the wilderness” (Numbers 13:1-14:45) Not one of them was left, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun.

My own bias leads me to suspect that the young would be more likely to fall prey to the daughters of Moab, but that bias is shaped by my own experience of a blessed life, knowing the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom [He has] sent2 through his indwelling Holy Spirit and the Bible. The juxtaposition of events recounted in Numbers 25 and 26 favors identifying the 24,000 as the last of those cursed to die in the wilderness, witnesses of the final “plague” in Egypt which became the Passover celebration in Israel (Exodus 11:4-10 ESV).

So Moses said, “Thus says the Lord: ‘About midnight I will go out in the midst of Egypt, and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. There shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has never been, nor ever will be again. But not a dog shall growl against any of the people of Israel, either man or beast, that you may know that the Lord makes a distinction (pālâ, יַפְלֶה; Septuagint: παραδοξάσει, a form of παραδοξάζω) between Egypt and Israel.’ And all these your servants shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, you and all the people who follow you.’ And after that I will go out.” And he went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”

Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the Lord hardened (ḥāzaq, וַיְחַזֵּק; Septuagint: ἐσκλήρυνεν, a form of σκληρύνω) Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.

Paul referred to this hardening, describing God’s purpose of election, making a distinction between the children of the promise (the children of God) and the children of the flesh. He wrote of his own concern for so many of his own people who had rejected the Lord’s salvation through Jesus the Christ (Romans 9:6-23 ESV).

But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel, and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring, but “Through Isaac shall your offspring be named.”3 This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring. For this is what the promise said: “About this time next year I will return, and Sarah shall have a son”4 (Genesis 18:1-15). And not only so, but also when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, our forefather Isaac, though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad—in order that God’s purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger”5 (Genesis 25:1-28) [Table]. As it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”6

What shall we say then? Is there injustice on God’s part? By no means! For he says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”7 So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy [Table]. For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”8 So then he has mercy on whomever he wills (θέλει, a form of θέλω), and he hardens (σκληρύνει, another form of σκληρύνω) whomever he wills (θέλει, a form of θέλω).

You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who can resist his will (βουλήματι, a form of βούλημα)?” [Table] But who are you, O man, to answer back to God? Will what is molded say to its molder, “Why have you made me like this?”9 Has the potter no right over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for honorable use and another for dishonorable use? What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, in order to make known the riches of his glory for vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory

Who are the vessels of mercy God has chosen in order to make known the riches of his glory? In the immediate context Paul continued, even us whom he has called, not from the Jews only but also from the Gentiles,10 yet in the broader context of his concern for my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh11 he concluded: God has consigned all to disobedience (ἀπείθειαν, a form of ἀπείθεια), that he may have mercy on all (τοὺς πάντας).12 As Peter wrote: The Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing (βουλόμενος, a participle of βούλομαι) that any should perish, but that all (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) should reach repentance.13

Jesus said (John 6:44-46; 12:31-33 ESV):

“No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him. And I will raise him up on the last day [Table]. It is written in the Prophets, ‘And they will all (πάντες, a form of πᾶς) be taught by God.’14 Everyone (πᾶς) who has heard and learned from the Father [e.g., all (πάντες, a form of πᾶς) will…be taught by God] comes to me [Table]—not that anyone has seen (ἑώρακέν, a form of ὁράω) the Father except he who is from God; he has seen (ἑώρακεν, a form of ὁράω) the Father.

“Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself” (πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν). He said this to show by what kind of death he was going to die [Table].

And so, Jesus—firstborn of Mary, a daughter of Israel through David [see table below], and the Holy Spirit—died on a Roman cross,15 rejected by most of the chosen people of God his Father. The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt (Exodus 12:1-14 ESV):

“This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you. Tell all the congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month every man shall take a lamb according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household. And if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his nearest neighbor shall take according to the number of persons; according to what each can eat you shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats, and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs at twilight [Table].

“Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. They shall eat the flesh that night, roasted on the fire; with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it. Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted, its head with its legs and its inner parts. And you shall let none of it remain until the morning [Septuagint: and you shall not break a bone of it (NETS); and a bone of it ye shall not break (English Elpenor)]; anything that remains until the morning you shall burn. In this manner you shall eat it: with your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover. For I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on all the gods (‘ĕlōhîm, אֱלֹהֵי; Septuagint: τοῖς θεοῖς) of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am the Lord. The blood shall be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.

“This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations, as a statute forever, you shall keep it as a feast [Table].

And Paul wrote (1 Corinthians 5:6-8 ESV):

Your boasting is not good (καλὸν, a form of καλός; beautiful). Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed [Table]. Let us therefore celebrate the festival, not with the old leaven, the leaven of malice and evil, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

And it happened as the Lord said (Exodus 12:28-32 ESV):

Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead. Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go out from among my people, both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as you have said. Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone, and bless me also!”

To conclude this essay I want to consider the apparent difference between what the Lord said to Moses and what Moses said to the judges of Israel (Numbers 25:3b-5 ESV).

And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel. And the Lord said to Moses, “Take all the chiefs of the people and hang them in the sun before the Lord, that the fierce anger of the Lord may turn away from Israel.” And Moses said to the judges of Israel, “Each of you kill those of his men who have yoked themselves to Baal of Peor.”

A table comparing the Masoretic text and the Septuagint follows:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Numbers 25:4, 5 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:4, 5 (NET)

Numbers 25:4, 5 (NETS)

Numbers 25:4, 5 (English Elpenor)

And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Take all (כָּל) the chiefs (רָאשֵׁ֣י) of the people (הָעָ֔ם), and hang them up unto HaShem in face of the sun, that the fierce anger of HaShem may turn away from Israel.’ The Lord said to Moses, “Arrest all (kōl, כל) the leaders (rō’š, ראשי) of the people (ʿam, העם), and hang them up before the Lord in broad daylight, so that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.” And the Lord said to Moyses, “Take the chiefs (πάντας τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς) of the people (τοῦ λαοῦ), and make an example of them to the Lord before the sun, and the anger of the Lord’s wrath shall be turned away from Israel.” And the Lord said to Moses, Take all (πάντας) the princes (τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς) of the people (τοῦ λαοῦ), and make them examples [of judgment] for the Lord in the face of the sun, and the anger of the Lord shall be turned away from Israel.
And Moses said unto the judges (שֹֽׁפְטֵ֖י) of Israel: ‘Slay ye every one his men that have joined themselves unto the Baal of Peor.’ So Moses said to the judges (šāp̄aṭ, שפטי) of Israel, “Each of you must execute those of his men who were joined to Baal Peor.” And Moyses said to the tribes (ταῖς φυλαῖς) of Israel, “Each of you kill his family-member who has been initiated to Beel-Phegor.” And Moses said to the tribes (ταῖς φυλαῖς) of Israel, Slay ye every one his friend that is consecrated to Beel-phegor.

The only potentially meaningful difference is שֹֽׁפְטֵ֖י (šāp̄aṭ), translated the judges (Tanakh, NET), in the Masoretic text and ταῖς φυλαῖς, translated the tribes (NETS, English Elpenor), in the Septuagint. In English, if I limit myself to the immediate context, it sounds as if the Lord intended to make an example (NETS) of a relatively limited number of leaders, while Moses’ intended to execute everyone who sinned. I’ll broaden the context (Exodus 22:20 ESV):

Whoever sacrifices to any god, other than the Lord alone, shall be devoted to destruction.

So, I assume that the judges, שֹֽׁפְטֵ֖י (šāp̄aṭ), refers to the seventy elders who received some of the Spirit that is on Moses (Numbers 11:16-17, 24-29), and are to be distinguished from the chiefs (Tanakh) or the leaders (NET), רָאשֵׁ֣י (rō’š), e.g., “the heads,” appointed during the first census. So, I’m assuming that Moses carried out the Lord’s instruction regarding the chiefs appointed during the first census even as he delegated the enforcement of the Lord’s law to the judges or the tribes (ταῖς φυλαῖς). And this just and lawful bloodshed describes the plague on the people of Israel mentioned below (Numbers 25:6-9 ESV):

And behold, one of the people of Israel came and brought a Midianite woman to his family, in the sight of Moses and in the sight of the whole congregation of the people of Israel, while they were weeping in the entrance of the tent of meeting. When Phinehas the son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose and left the congregation and took a spear in his hand and went after the man of Israel into the chamber and pierced both of them, the man of Israel and the woman through her belly. Thus the plague (magēp̄â, הַמַּגֵּפָה; Septuagint: πληγὴ) on the people of Israel was stopped. Nevertheless, those who died by the plague were twenty-four thousand.

I’ll pick this up in another essay.

The table (mentioned above) of two different genealogies of Jesus follows. I assume that Matthew’s is the genealogy of Joseph and Luke’s is that of Mary.

The Genealogies of Jesus

Matthew 1:2-16 (ESV)

Luke 3:23-38 (ESV)

Luke 3:38 God
Adam
Seth
Enos
Luke 3:37 Cainan
Mahalaleel
Jared
Enoch
Methusaleh
Luke 3:36 Lamech
Noah
Shem
Arphaxad
Cainan
Luke 3:35 Shelah
Eber
Peleg
Reu
Serug
Luke 3:34 Nahor
Terah
Matthew 1:2 Abraham Abraham
Isaac Isaac
Jacob Jacob
Judah Luke 3:33 Judah
Matthew 1:3 Perez Perez
Hezron Hezron
Ram Arni
Admin
Matthew 1:4 Amminadab Amminadab
Nahshon Luke 3:32 Nahshon
Salmon + Rahab Sala
Matthew 1:5 Boaz + Ruth Boaz
Obed Obed
Jesse Jesse
Matthew 1:6 David + the wife of Uriah Luke 3:31 David
Solomon Nathan
Matthew 1:7 Rehoboam Mattatha
Abijah Menna
Asaph Melea
Matthew 1:8 Jehoshaphat Luke 3:30 Eliakim
Joram Jonam
Uzziah Joseph
Matthew 1:9 Jotham Judah
Ahaz Simeon
Hezekiah Luke 3:29 Levi
Matthew 1:10 Manasseh Matthat
Amos Joram
Josiah Eliezer
Matthew 1:11 Jechoniah Joshua (Ἰησοῦ)
Luke 3:28 Er
Elmadam
Cosam
Addi
Melchi
Luke 3:27 Neri
Matthew 1:12 Shealtiel Shealtiel
Zerubbabel Zerubbabel
Matthew 1:13 Abiud Rhesa
Eliakim Joanan
Azor Luke 3:26 Joda
Matthew 1:14 Zadok Josech
Achim Semein
Eliud Mattathias
Maath
Luke 3:25 Naggai
Esli
Nahum
Amos
Mattathias
Luke 3:24 Joseph
Jannai
Melchi
Matthew 1:15 Eleazar Levi
Matthan Matthat
Jacob Luke 3:23 Heli
Matthew 1:16 Joseph the husband of Mary Joseph (as was supposed)
of whom Jesus (Ἰησοῦς) was born Jesus (Ἰησοῦς)

Tables comparing Numbers 25:1; 25:2; 25:3; 25:4; 25:5; 25:9; Exodus 9:13; 9:17; 9:18; 9:19; 9:22; 9:23; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Numbers 26:63; 26:64; 26:65; Exodus 11:4; 11:5; 11:6; 11:7; 11:8; 11:9; 11:10; 12:1; 12:2; 12:3; 12:4; 12:5; 12:7; 12:8; 12:9; 12:10; 12:11; 12:12; 12:13; 12:28; 12:29; 12:30; 12:31; 12:32; 22:20 (22:19); Numbers 25:6; 25:7 and 25:8 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Numbers 25:1; 25:2; 25:3; 25:4; 25:5; 25:9; Exodus 9:13; 9:17; 9:18; 9:19; 9:22; 9:23; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Numbers 26:63; 26:64; 26:65; Exodus 11:4; 11:5; 11:6; 11:7; 11:8; 11:9; 11:10; 12:1; 12:2; 12:3; 12:4; 12:5; 12:7; 12:8; 12:9; 12:10; 12:11; 12:12; 12:13; 12:28; 12:29; 12:30; 12:31; 12:32; 22:20; Numbers 25:6; 25:7 and 25:8 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Numbers 25:1 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:1 (KJV)

Numbers 25:1 (NET)

And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab. And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab. When Israel lived in Shittim, the people began to commit sexual immorality with the daughters of Moab.

Numbers 25:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ κατέλυσεν Ισραηλ ἐν Σαττιν καὶ ἐβεβηλώθη ὁ λαὸς ἐκπορνεῦσαι εἰς τὰς θυγατέρας Μωαβ ΚΑΙ κατέλυσεν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν Σαττείν· καὶ ἐβεβηλώθη ὁ λαὸς ἐκπορνεῦσαι εἰς τὰς θυγατέρας Μωάβ

Numbers 25:1 (NETS)

Numbers 25:1 (English Elpenor)

And Israel stayed in Sattim, and the people were profaned by whoring after the daughters of Moab. And Israel sojourned in Sattin, and the people profaned itself by going a-whoring after the daughters of Moab.

Numbers 25:2 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:2 (KJV)

Numbers 25:2 (NET)

And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods; and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. These women invited the people to the sacrifices of their gods; then the people ate and bowed down to their gods.

Numbers 25:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ ταῖς θυσίαις τῶν εἰδώλων αὐτῶν καὶ ἔφαγεν ὁ λαὸς τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς θυσίας τῶν εἰδώλων αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔφαγεν ὁ λαὸς τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν

Numbers 25:2 (NETS)

Numbers 25:2 (English Elpenor)

And they invited them to the sacrifices of their idols, and the people ate of their sacrifices and did obeisance to their idols. And they called them to the sacrifices of their idols; and the people ate of their sacrifices, and worshiped their idols.

Numbers 25:3 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:3 (KJV)

Numbers 25:3 (NET)

And Israel joined himself unto the Baal of Peor; and the anger of HaShem was kindled against Israel. And Israel joined himself unto Baalpeor: and the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel. When Israel joined themselves to Baal Peor, the anger of the Lord flared up against Israel.

Numbers 25:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐτελέσθη Ισραηλ τῷ Βεελφεγωρ καὶ ὠργίσθη θυμῷ κύριος τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐτελέσθη ᾿Ισραὴλ τῷ Βεελφεγώρ· καὶ ὠργίσθη θυμῷ Κύριος τῷ ᾿Ισραήλ

Numbers 25:3 (NETS)

Numbers 25:3 (English Elpenor)

And Israel was initiated to Beel-Phegor, and the Lord was angry with wrath against Israel. And Israel consecrated themselves to Beel-phegor; and the Lord was very angry with Israel.

Numbers 25:4 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:4 (KJV)

Numbers 25:4 (NET)

And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them up unto HaShem in face of the sun, that the fierce anger of HaShem may turn away from Israel.’ And the LORD said unto Moses, Take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the LORD against the sun, that the fierce anger of the LORD may be turned away from Israel. The Lord said to Moses, “Arrest all the leaders of the people, and hang them up before the Lord in broad daylight, so that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.”

Numbers 25:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ λαβὲ πάντας τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ παραδειγμάτισον αὐτοὺς κυρίῳ ἀπέναντι τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ ἀποστραφήσεται ὀργὴ θυμοῦ κυρίου ἀπὸ Ισραηλ καὶ εἶπε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ· λαβὲ πάντας τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ παραδειγμάτισον αὐτοὺς Κυρίῳ κατέναντι τοῦ ἡλίου, καὶ ἀποστραφήσεται ὀργὴ θυμοῦ Κυρίου ἀπὸ ᾿Ισραήλ

Numbers 25:4 (NETS)

Numbers 25:4 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord said to Moyses, “Take the chiefs of the people, and make an example of them to the Lord before the sun, and the anger of the Lord’s wrath shall be turned away from Israel.” And the Lord said to Moses, Take all the princes of the people, and make them examples [of judgment] for the Lord in the face of the sun, and the anger of the Lord shall be turned away from Israel.

Numbers 25:5 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:5 (KJV)

Numbers 25:5 (NET)

And Moses said unto the judges of Israel: ‘Slay ye every one his men that have joined themselves unto the Baal of Peor.’ And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, Slay ye every one his men that were joined unto Baalpeor. So Moses said to the judges of Israel, “Each of you must execute those of his men who were joined to Baal Peor.”

Numbers 25:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς ταῖς φυλαῖς Ισραηλ ἀποκτείνατε ἕκαστος τὸν οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ τὸν τετελεσμένον τῷ Βεελφεγωρ καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς ταῖς φυλαῖς ᾿Ισραήλ· ἀποκτείνατε ἕκαστος τὸν οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ τὸν τετελεσμένον τῷ Βεελφεγώρ

Numbers 25:5 (NETS)

Numbers 25:5 (English Elpenor)

And Moyses said to the tribes of Israel, “Each of you kill his family-member who has been initiated to Beel-Phegor.” And Moses said to the tribes of Israel, Slay ye every one his friend that is consecrated to Beel-phegor.

Numbers 25:9 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:9 (KJV)

Numbers 25:9 (NET)

And those that died by the plague were twenty and four thousand. And those that died in the plague were twenty and four thousand. Those that died in the plague were 24,000.

Numbers 25:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ τεθνηκότες ἐν τῇ πληγῇ τέσσαρες καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ τεθνηκότες ἐν τῇ πληγῇ τέσσαρες καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες

Numbers 25:9 (NETS)

Numbers 25:9 (English Elpenor)

And those that died in the blow were twenty-four thousand. And those that died in the plague were four and twenty thousand.

Exodus 9:13 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:13 (KJV)

Exodus 9:13 (NET)

And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him: Thus saith HaShem, the G-d of the Hebrews: Let My people go, that they may serve Me. And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. The Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, stand before Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has said: “Release my people so that they may serve me!

Exodus 9:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ὄρθρισον τὸ πρωὶ καὶ στῆθι ἐναντίον Φαραω καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτόν τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν Εβραίων ἐξαπόστειλον τὸν λαόν μου ἵνα λατρεύσωσίν μοι Εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· ὄρθρισον τὸ πρωΐ καὶ στῆθι ἐναντίον Φαραὼ καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτόν· τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῶν ῾Εβραίων· ἐξαπόστειλον τὸν λαόν μου, ἵνα λατρεύσωσί μοι

Exodus 9:13 (NETS)

Exodus 9:13 (English Elpenor)

Then the Lord said to Moyses, “Rise early in the morning, and stand before Pharao, and you shall say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says, the God of the Hebrews: Send away my people so that they may serve me. And the Lord said to Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharao; and thou shalt say to him, These things saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Send away my people that they may serve me.

Exodus 9:17 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:17 (KJV)

Exodus 9:17 (NET)

As yet exaltest thou thyself against My people, that thou wilt not let them go? As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go? You are still exalting yourself against my people by not releasing them.

Exodus 9:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἔτι οὖν σὺ ἐμποιῇ τοῦ λαοῦ μου τοῦ μὴ ἐξαποστεῖλαι αὐτούς ἔτι οὖν σὺ ἐμποιῇ τοῦ λαοῦ μου τοῦ μὴ ἐξαποστεῖλαι αὐτούς

Exodus 9:17 (NETS)

Exodus 9:17 (English Elpenor)

Still then you hold on to my people so as not to send them away. Dost thou then yet exert thyself to hinder my people, so as not to let them go?

Exodus 9:18 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:18 (KJV)

Exodus 9:18 (NET)

Behold, tomorrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the day it was founded even until now. Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now. I am going to cause very severe hail to rain down about this time tomorrow, such hail as has never occurred in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.

Exodus 9:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ὕω ταύτην τὴν ὥραν αὔριον χάλαζαν πολλὴν σφόδρα ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονεν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἡμέρας ἔκτισται ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ὕω ταύτην τὴν ὥραν αὔριον χάλαζαν πολλὴν σφόδρα, ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονεν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας ἔκτισται ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης

Exodus 9:18 (NETS)

Exodus 9:18 (English Elpenor)

Look, I am about to rain at this hour tomorrow very abundant hail, such as has not occurred in Egypt from the day which it was founded until this day. Behold, to-morrow at this hour I will rain a very great hail, such as has not been in Egypt, from the time it was created until this day.

Exodus 9:19 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:19 (KJV)

Exodus 9:19 (NET)

Now therefore send, hasten in thy cattle and all that thou hast in the field; for every man and beast that shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die.’ Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die. So now, send instructions to gather your livestock and all your possessions in the fields to a safe place. Every person or animal caught in the field and not brought into the house—the hail will come down on them, and they will die!”’”

Exodus 9:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)

νῦν οὖν κατάσπευσον συναγαγεῖν τὰ κτήνη σου καὶ ὅσα σοί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πάντες γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ τὰ κτήνη ὅσα ἂν εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς οἰκίαν πέσῃ δὲ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὰ ἡ χάλαζα τελευτήσει νῦν οὖν κατάσπευσον συναγαγεῖν τὰ κτήνη σου καὶ ὅσα σοί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ· πάντες γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ τὰ κτήνη, ὅσα ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις καὶ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς οἰκίαν, πέσῃ δὲ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὰ ἡ χάλαζα, τελευτήσει

Exodus 9:19 (NETS)

Exodus 9:19 (English Elpenor)

Now, therefore, hurry to gather your animals and whatever belongs to you on the plain. For all the humans and animals, whatever should be found on the plains and should not enter into a dwelling, but the hail should fall upon them, shall die’.” Now then hasten to gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the fields; for all the men and cattle as many as shall be found in the fields, and shall not enter into a house, (but the hail shall fall upon them,) shall die.

Exodus 9:22 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:22 (KJV)

Exodus 9:22 (NET)

And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Stretch forth thy hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.’ And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt. Then the Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand toward the sky that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on people and on animals, and on everything that grows in the field in the land of Egypt.”

Exodus 9:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν καὶ ἔσται χάλαζα ἐπὶ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου ἐπί τε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τὰ κτήνη καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν βοτάνην τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, καὶ ἔσται χάλαζα ἐπὶ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου, ἐπί τε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τὰ κτήνη καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν βοτάνην τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

Exodus 9:22 (NETS)

Exodus 9:22 (English Elpenor)

Then the Lord said to Moyses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, and there shall be hail on the whole land of Egypt, both on humans and animals and on all herbage which is on the land.” And the Lord said to Moses, Stretch out thine hand to heaven, and there shall be hail on all the land of Egypt, both on the men and on the cattle, and on all the herbage on the land.

Exodus 9:23 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:23 (KJV)

Exodus 9:23 (NET)

And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and HaShem sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and HaShem caused to hail upon the land of Egypt. And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt. When Moses extended his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire fell to the earth; so the Lord caused hail to rain down on the land of Egypt.

Exodus 9:23 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐξέτεινεν δὲ Μωυσῆς τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν καὶ κύριος ἔδωκεν φωνὰς καὶ χάλαζαν καὶ διέτρεχεν τὸ πῦρ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἔβρεξεν κύριος χάλαζαν ἐπὶ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου ἐξέτεινε δὲ Μωυσῆς τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, καὶ Κύριος ἔδωκε φωνὰς καὶ χάλαζαν, καὶ διέτρεχε τὸ πῦρ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἔβρεξε Κύριος χάλαζαν ἐπὶ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου

Exodus 9:23 (NETS)

Exodus 9:23 (English Elpenor)

Then Moyses stretched out his hand towards heaven, and the Lord gave sounds and hail, and fire ran about on the land, and the Lord rained hail on the whole land of Egypt. And Moses stretched forth his hand to heaven, and the Lord sent thunderings and hail; and the fire ran along upon the ground, and the Lord rained hail on all the land of Egypt.

Exodus 9:24 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:24 (KJV)

Exodus 9:24 (NET)

So there was hail, and fire flashing up amidst the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. Hail fell and fire mingled with the hail; the hail was so severe that there had not been any like it in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.

Exodus 9:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἦν δὲ ἡ χάλαζα καὶ τὸ πῦρ φλογίζον ἐν τῇ χαλάζῃ ἡ δὲ χάλαζα πολλὴ σφόδρα σφόδρα ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονεν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἀφ᾽ οὗ γεγένηται ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς ἔθνος ἦν δὲ ἡ χάλαζα καὶ τὸ πῦρ φλογίζον ἐν τῇ χαλάζῃ· ἡ δὲ χάλαζα πολλὴ σφόδρα, ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονεν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας γεγένηται ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ἔθνος

Exodus 9:24 (NETS)

Exodus 9:24 (English Elpenor)

Now there was hail and fire flashing in the hail. Now the hail was very, very abundant, such as had not occurred in Egypt from the time when a people had come into being upon it. So there was hail and flaming fire mingled with hail; and the hail was very great, such as was not in Egypt, from the time there was a nation upon it.

Exodus 9:25 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:25 (KJV)

Exodus 9:25 (NET)

And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and broke every tree of the field. And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field. The hail struck everything in the open fields, both people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.

Exodus 9:25 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐπάταξεν δὲ ἡ χάλαζα ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Αἰγύπτου ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους καὶ πᾶσαν βοτάνην τὴν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἐπάταξεν ἡ χάλαζα καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις συνέτριψεν ἡ χάλαζα ἐπάταξε δὲ ἡ χάλαζα ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Αἰγύπτου ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους, καὶ πᾶσαν βοτάνην τὴν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἐπάταξεν ἡ χάλαζα, καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις συνέτριψεν ἡ χάλαζα

Exodus 9:25 (NETS)

Exodus 9:25 (English Elpenor)

>Then hail struck in all the land of Egypt from human to animal, and all herbage on the plain the hail struck, and all the trees on the plains the hail crushed. And the hail smote in all the land of Egypt both man and beast, and the hail smote all the grass in the field, and the hail broke in pieces all the trees in the field.

Exodus 9:26 (Tanakh)

Exodus 9:26 (KJV)

Exodus 9:26 (NET)

Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail. Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail. Only in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived, was there no hail.

Exodus 9:26 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 9:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πλὴν ἐν γῇ Γεσεμ οὗ ἦσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οὐκ ἐγένετο ἡ χάλαζα πλὴν ἐν γῇ Γεσέμ, οὗ ἦσαν οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ, οὐκ ἐγένετο ἡ χάλαζα

Exodus 9:26 (NETS)

Exodus 9:26 (English Elpenor)

Only in the land, Gesem, where the sons of Israel were, the hail did not occur. Only in the land of Gesem where the children of Israel were, the hail was not.

Numbers 26:63 (Tanakh)

Numbers 26:63 (KJV)

Numbers 26:63 (NET)

These are they that were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho. These are they that were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. These are those who were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the Israelites in the rift valley plains of Moab along the Jordan River opposite Jericho.

Numbers 26:63 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 26:63 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις Μωυσῆ καὶ Ελεαζαρ τοῦ ἱερέως οἳ ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐν Αραβωθ Μωαβ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω καὶ αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις Μωυσῆ καὶ ᾿Ελεάζαρ τοῦ ἱερέως, οἳ ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν ᾿Αραβὼθ Μωάβ, ἐπὶ τοῦ ᾿Ιορδάνου κατὰ ῾Ιεριχώ

Numbers 26:63 (NETS)

Numbers 26:63 (English Elpenor)

And this is the enrollment of Moyses and Eleazar the priest, who enrolled the sons of Israel in Araboth of Moab near the Jordan opposite Jericho. And this [is] the numbering of Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the children of Israel in Araboth of Moab, at Jordan by Jericho.

Numbers 26:64 (Tanakh)

Numbers 26:64 (KJV)

Numbers 26:64 (NET)

But among these there was not a man of them that were numbered by Moses and Aaron the priest, who numbered the children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai. But among these there was not a man of them whom Moses and Aaron the priest numbered, when they numbered the children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai. But there was not a man among these who had been among those numbered by Moses and Aaron the priest when they numbered the Israelites in the desert of Sinai.

Numbers 26:64 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 26:64 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος τῶν ἐπεσκεμμένων ὑπὸ Μωυσῆ καὶ Ααρων οὓς ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος τῶν ἐπεσκεμμένων ὑπὸ Μωυσῆ καὶ ᾿Ααρών, οὓς ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινά

Numbers 26:64 (NETS)

Numbers 26:64 (English Elpenor)

And among these there was not a person of those enrolled by Moyses and Aaron whom—the sons of Israel—they enrolled in the wilderness of Sina. And among these there was not a man numbered by Moses and Aaron, whom, [even] the children of Israel, they numbered in the wilderness of Sinai.

Numbers 26:65 (Tanakh)

Numbers 26:65 (KJV)

Numbers 26:65 (NET)

For HaShem had said of them: ‘They shall surely die in the wilderness.’ And there was not left a man of them, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. For the LORD had said of them, They shall surely die in the wilderness. And there was not left a man of them, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. For the Lord had said of them, “They will surely die in the wilderness.” And there was not left a single man of them, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.

Numbers 26:65 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 26:65 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὅτι εἶπεν κύριος αὐτοῖς θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς πλὴν Χαλεβ υἱὸς Ιεφοννη καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη ὅτι εἶπε Κύριος αὐτοῖς· θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς, πλὴν Χάλεβ υἱὸς ᾿Ιεφοννὴ καὶ ᾿Ιησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυή

Numbers 26:65 (NETS)

Numbers 26:65 (English Elpenor)

For the Lord said to them, “They shall die by death in the wilderness.” And there was not left even one of them, except for Caleb son of Iephonne and Iesous son of Naue. For the Lord said to them, They shall surely die in the wilderness; and there was not left even one of them, except Chaleb the son of Jephonne, and Joshua the [son] of Naue.

Exodus 11:4 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:4 (KJV)

Exodus 11:4 (NET)

And Moses said: ‘Thus saith HaShem: About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt; And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: Moses said, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘About midnight I will go throughout Egypt,

Exodus 11:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς τάδε λέγει κύριος περὶ μέσας νύκτας ἐγὼ εἰσπορεύομαι εἰς μέσον Αἰγύπτου Καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς· τάδε λέγει Κύριος· περὶ μέσας νύκτας ἐγὼ εἰσπορεύομαι εἰς μέσον Αἰγύπτου

Exodus 11:4 (NETS)

Exodus 11:4 (English Elpenor)

And Moyses said, “This is what the Lord says: Around midnight I am going to enter into the midst of Egypt, And Moses said, These things saith the Lord, About midnight I go forth into the midst of Egypt.

Exodus 11:5 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:5 (KJV)

Exodus 11:5 (NET)

and all the first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first-born of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the first-born of the maid-servant that is behind the mill; and all the first-born of cattle. And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, to the firstborn son of the slave girl who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle.

Exodus 11:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τελευτήσει πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἀπὸ πρωτοτόκου Φαραω ὃς κάθηται ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου τῆς θεραπαίνης τῆς παρὰ τὸν μύλον καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου παντὸς κτήνους καὶ τελευτήσει πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, ἀπὸ πρωτοτόκου Φαραώ, ὃς κάθηται ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου τῆς θεραπαίνης τῆς παρὰ τὸν μύλον καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου παντὸς κτήνους

Exodus 11:5 (NETS)

Exodus 11:5 (English Elpenor)

and every firstborn in the land, Egypt, shall die, from the firstborn of Pharao, who sits on a throne, to the firstborn of the female slave by the millstone and to the firstborn of every animal. And every first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first-born of Pharao that sits on the throne, even to the first-born of the woman-servant that is by the mill, and to the first-born of all cattle.

Exodus 11:6 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:6 (KJV)

Exodus 11:6 (NET)

And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there hath been none like it, nor shall be like it any more. And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. There will be a great cry throughout the whole land of Egypt, such as there has never been, nor ever will be again.

Exodus 11:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται κραυγὴ μεγάλη κατὰ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονεν καὶ τοιαύτη οὐκέτι προστεθήσεται καὶ ἔσται κραυγὴ μεγάλη κατὰ πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰγύπτου, ἥτις τοιαύτη οὐ γέγονε καὶ τοιαύτη οὐκ ἔτι προστεθήσεται

Exodus 11:6 (NETS)

Exodus 11:6 (English Elpenor)

And there will be a great cry throughout the whole land of Egypt, such as has not been and such as will not again be repeated. And there shall be a great cry through all the land of Egypt, such as has not been, and such shall not be repeated any more.

Exodus 11:7 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:7 (KJV)

Exodus 11:7 (NET)

But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog whet his tongue, against man or beast; that ye may know how that HaShem doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. But against any of the Israelites not even a dog will bark against either people or animals, so that you may know that the Lord distinguishes between Egypt and Israel.’

Exodus 11:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ οὐ γρύξει κύων τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους ὅπως εἰδῇς ὅσα παραδοξάσει κύριος ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων καὶ τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς υἱοῖς ᾿Ισραὴλ οὐ γρύξει κύων τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους, ὅπως εἰδῇς ὅσα παραδοξάσει Κύριος ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων καί τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ

Exodus 11:7 (NETS)

Exodus 11:7 (English Elpenor)

But among all the sons of Israel a dog will not snarl with his tongue from human being to animal in order that you might know by what means the Lord shall distinguish gloriously between the Egyptians and Israel. But among all the children of Israel shall not a dog snarl with his tongue, either at man or beast; that thou mayest know how wide a distinction the Lord will make between the Egyptians and Israel.

Exodus 11:8 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:8 (KJV)

Exodus 11:8 (NET)

And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down unto me, saying: Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee; and after that I will go out.’ And he went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. All these your servants will come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Go, you and all the people who follow you,’ and after that I will go out.” Then Moses went out from Pharaoh in great anger.

Exodus 11:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ καταβήσονται πάντες οἱ παῖδές σου οὗτοι πρός με καὶ προκυνήσουσίν με λέγοντες ἔξελθε σὺ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαός σου οὗ σὺ ἀφηγῇ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξελεύσομαι ἐξῆλθεν δὲ Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ Φαραω μετὰ θυμοῦ καὶ καταβήσονται πάντες οἱ παῖδές σου οὗτοι πρός με καὶ προσκυνήσουσί με λέγοντες· ἔξελθε σὺ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαός σου, οὗ σύ ἀφηγῇ· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξελεύσομαι. ἐξῆλθε δὲ Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ Φαραὼ μετὰ θυμοῦ

Exodus 11:8 (NETS)

Exodus 11:8, 9a (English Elpenor)

And all these servants of yours shall come down to me and do obeisance before me, saying, ‘Leave, you and all your people, whom you are leading away’, and after these I will go out.” Then Moyses went out from Pharao with wrath. And all these thy servants shall come down to me, and do me reverence, saying, Go forth, thou and all the people over whom thou presidest, and afterwards I will go forth. (9) And Moses went forth from Pharao with wrath.

Exodus 11:9 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:9 (KJV)

Exodus 11:9 (NET)

And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Pharaoh will not hearken unto you; that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.’ And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. The Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”

Exodus 11:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν οὐκ εἰσακούσεται ὑμῶν Φαραω ἵνα πληθύνων πληθύνω μου τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· οὐκ εἰσακούσεται ὑμῶν Φαραώ, ἵνα πληθύνων πληθυνῶ μου τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ

Exodus 11:9 (NETS)

Exodus 11:9b (English Elpenor)

Then the Lord said to Moyses, “Pharao will not listen to you in order that I may multiply my signs and wonders in the land, Egypt.” And the Lord said to Moses, Pharao will not hearken to you, that I may greatly multiply my signs and wonders in the land [of] Egypt.

Exodus 11:10 (Tanakh)

Exodus 11:10 (KJV)

Exodus 11:10 (NET)

And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and HaShem hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land. And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land. So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not release the Israelites from his land.

Exodus 11:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 11:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

Μωυσῆς δὲ καὶ Ααρων ἐποίησαν πάντα τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ταῦτα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἐναντίον Φαραω ἐσκλήρυνεν δὲ κύριος τὴν καρδίαν Φαραω καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἐξαποστεῖλαι τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου Μωυσῆς δὲ καὶ ᾿Ααρὼν ἐποίησαν πάντα τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ταῦτα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἐναντίον Φαραώ· ἐσκλήρυνε δὲ Κύριος τὴν καρδίαν Φαραώ, καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν ἐξαποστεῖλαι τούς υἱοὺς ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου

Exodus 11:10 (NETS)

Exodus 11:10 (English Elpenor)

So Moyses and Aaron did all these signs and wonders in the land, Egypt, before Pharao. But the Lord hardened Pharao’s heart, and he was unwilling to send away the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt. And Moses and Aaron wrought all these signs and wonders in the land [of] Egypt before Pharao; and the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao, and he did not hearken to send forth the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

Exodus 12:1 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:1 (KJV)

Exodus 12:1 (NET)

And HaShem spoke unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying: And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,

Exodus 12:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτου λέγων ΕΙΠΕ δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ ᾿Ααρὼν ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτου λέγων

Exodus 12:1 (NETS)

Exodus 12:1 (English Elpenor)

Then the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron in the land, Egypt, saying: And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,

Exodus 12:2 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:2 (KJV)

Exodus 12:2 (NET)

This month shall be unto you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you. This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. “This month is to be your beginning of months; it will be your first month of the year.

Exodus 12:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὁ μὴν οὗτος ὑμῖν ἀρχὴ μηνῶν πρῶτός ἐστιν ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς μησὶν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ὁ μὴν οὗτος ὑμῖν ἀρχὴ μηνῶν, πρῶτός ἐστιν ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς μησὶ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ

Exodus 12:2 (NETS)

Exodus 12:2 (English Elpenor)

This month shall be for you the beginning of months; it is first for you among the months of the year. This month [shall be] to you the beginning of months: it is the first to you among the months of the year.

Exodus 12:3 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:3 (KJV)

Exodus 12:3 (NET)

Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying: In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household; Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: Tell the whole community of Israel, ‘On the tenth day of this month they each must take a lamb for themselves according to their families—a lamb for each household.

Exodus 12:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

λάλησον πρὸς πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν υἱῶν Ισραηλ λέγων τῇ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου λαβέτωσαν ἕκαστος πρόβατον κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν ἕκαστος πρόβατον κατ᾽ οἰκίαν λάλησον πρὸς πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ λέγων· τῇ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου λαβέτωσαν ἕκαστος πρόβατον κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν, ἕκαστος πρόβατον κατ᾿ οἰκίαν

Exodus 12:3 (NETS)

Exodus 12:3 (English Elpenor)

Speak to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, saying, “On the tenth of this month let them take, each person, a sheep according to the paternal houses, a sheep for each household. Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, On the tenth of this month let them take each man a lamb according to the houses of their families, every man a lamb for his household.

Exodus 12:4 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:4 (KJV)

Exodus 12:4 (NET)

and if the household be too little for a lamb, then shall he and his neighbour next unto his house take one according to the number of the souls; according to every man’s eating ye shall make your count for the lamb. And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. If any household is too small for a lamb, the man and his next-door neighbor are to take a lamb according to the number of people—you will make your count for the lamb according to how much each one can eat.

Exodus 12:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν δὲ ὀλιγοστοὶ ὦσιν οἱ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ὥστε μὴ ἱκανοὺς εἶναι εἰς πρόβατον συλλήμψεται μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ τὸν γείτονα τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ψυχῶν ἕκαστος τὸ ἀρκοῦν αὐτῷ συναριθμήσεται εἰς πρόβατον ἐὰν δὲ ὀλιγοστοὶ ὦσιν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι ἱκανοὺς εἰς πρόβατον, συλλήψεται μεθ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ τὸν γείτονα τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ψυχῶν· ἕκαστος τὸ ἀρκοῦν αὐτῷ συναριθμήσεται εἰς πρόβατον

Exodus 12:4 (NETS)

Exodus 12:4 (English Elpenor)

But if those in the household are too few so that they are not enough for a sheep, he shall join with himself his nearby neighbor according to the number of souls; you, each one, shall number together that which is sufficient for a sheep. And if they be few in a household, so that there are not enough for the lamb, he shall take with himself his neighbour that lives near to him,– as to the number of souls, every one according to that which suffices him shall make a reckoning for the lamb.

Exodus 12:5 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:5 (KJV)

Exodus 12:5 (NET)

Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year; ye shall take it from the sheep, or from the goats; Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: Your lamb must be perfect, a male, one year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.

Exodus 12:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πρόβατον τέλειον ἄρσεν ἐνιαύσιον ἔσται ὑμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων λήμψεσθε πρόβατον τέλειον, ἄρσεν, ἐνιαύσιον ἔσται ὑμῖν· ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων λήψεσθε

Exodus 12:5 (NETS)

Exodus 12:5 (English Elpenor)

You shall have a perfect sheep, a one-year-old male. You shall take from the lambs and kids. It shall be to you a lamb unblemished, a male of a year old: ye shall take it of the lambs and the kids.

Exodus 12:7 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:7 (KJV)

Exodus 12:7 (NET)

And they shall take of the blood, and put it on the two side-posts and on the lintel, upon the houses wherein they shall eat it. And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. They will take some of the blood and put it on the two side posts and top of the doorframe of the houses where they will eat it.

Exodus 12:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ λήμψονται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ θήσουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν δύο σταθμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν φλιὰν ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις ἐν οἷς ἐὰν φάγωσιν αὐτὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ λήψονται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ θήσουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν δύο σταθμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν φλιὰν ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις, ἐν οἷς ἐὰν φάγωσιν αὐτὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς

Exodus 12:7 (NETS)

Exodus 12:7 (English Elpenor)

And they shall take some of the blood and shall put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel in the houses whichever they eat them in. And they shall take of the blood, and shall put it on the two door-posts, and on the lintel, in the houses in which soever they shall eat them.

Exodus 12:8 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:8 (KJV)

Exodus 12:8 (NET)

And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. They will eat the meat the same night; they will eat it roasted over the fire with bread made without yeast and with bitter herbs.

Exodus 12:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ φάγονται τὰ κρέα τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ ὀπτὰ πυρὶ καὶ ἄζυμα ἐπὶ πικρίδων ἔδονται καὶ φάγονται τὰ κρέα τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ· ὀπτὰ πυρὶ καὶ ἄζυμα ἐπὶ πικρίδων ἔδονται

Exodus 12:8 (NETS)

Exodus 12:8 (English Elpenor)

And they shall eat the meat this night, roasted in fire, and they shall eat unleavened bread with bitter herbs. And they shall eat the flesh in this night roast with fire, and they shall eat unleavened [bread] with bitter herbs.

Exodus 12:9 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:9 (KJV)

Exodus 12:9 (NET)

Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; its head with its legs and with the inwards thereof. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. Do not eat it raw or boiled in water, but roast it over the fire with its head, its legs, and its entrails.

Exodus 12:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἔδεσθε ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὠμὸν οὐδὲ ἡψημένον ἐν ὕδατι ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ὀπτὰ πυρί κεφαλὴν σὺν τοῖς ποσὶν καὶ τοῖς ἐνδοσθίοις οὐκ ἔδεσθε ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ὠμὸν οὐδὲ ἡψημένον ἐν ὕδατι, ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ὀπτὰ πυρί, κεφαλὴν σὺν τοῖς ποσὶ καὶ τοῖς ἐνδοσθίοις

Exodus 12:9 (NETS)

Exodus 12:9 (English Elpenor)

You shall not eat from it raw or boiled in water but rather roasted in fire, head with the feet and inner organs. Ye shall not eat of it raw nor sodden in water, but only roast with fire, the head with the feet and the appurtenances.

Exodus 12:10 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:10 (KJV)

Exodus 12:10 (NET)

And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; but that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. You must leave nothing until morning, but you must burn with fire whatever remains of it until morning.

Exodus 12:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἀπολείψετε ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἕως πρωὶ καὶ ὀστοῦν οὐ συντρίψετε ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ τὰ δὲ καταλειπόμενα ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἕως πρωὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαύσετε οὐκ ἀπολείψετε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἕως πρωΐ καὶ ὀστοῦν οὐ συντρίψετε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ· τὰ δὲ καταλειπόμενα ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἕως πρωΐ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαύσετε

Exodus 12:10 (NETS)

Exodus 12:10 (English Elpenor)

You shall not leave any of it until morning, and you shall not break a bone of it. But that which remains from it until morning, you shall burn with fire. Nothing shall be left of it till the morning, and a bone of it ye shall not break; but that which is left of it till the morning ye shall burn with fire.

Exodus 12:11 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:11 (KJV)

Exodus 12:11 (NET)

And thus shall ye eat it: with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste–it is HaShem’S passover. And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD’S passover. This is how you are to eat it—dressed to travel, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover.

Exodus 12:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὕτως δὲ φάγεσθε αὐτό αἱ ὀσφύες ὑμῶν περιεζωσμέναι καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ βακτηρίαι ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ὑμῶν καὶ ἔδεσθε αὐτὸ μετὰ σπουδῆς πασχα ἐστὶν κυρίῳ οὕτω δὲ φάγεσθε αὐτό· αἱ ὀσφύες ὑμῶν περιεζωσμέναι, καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν, καὶ αἱ βακτηρίαι ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ὑμῶν· καὶ ἔδεσθε αὐτὸ μετὰ σπουδῆς· πάσχα ἐστὶ Κυρίῳ

Exodus 12:11 (NETS)

Exodus 12:11 (English Elpenor)

Now in this way you shall eat it: your loins girded and your sandals on your feet and your staves in your hands. And you shall eat it with haste—it is the Lord’s pascha. And thus shall ye eat it: your loins girded, and your sandals on your feet, and your staves in your hands, and ye shall eat it in haste. It is a passover to the Lord.

Exodus 12:12 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:12 (KJV)

Exodus 12:12 (NET)

For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will smite all the first-born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am HaShem. For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. “‘I will pass through the land of Egypt in the same night, and I will attack all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of humans and of animals, and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. I am the Lord.

Exodus 12:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ διελεύσομαι ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ καὶ πατάξω πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θεοῖς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ποιήσω τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἐγὼ κύριος καί διελεύσομαι ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ καὶ πατάξω πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θεοῖς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ποιήσω τὴν ἐκδίκησιν· ἐγὼ Κύριος

Exodus 12:12 (NETS)

Exodus 12:12 (English Elpenor)

And I will pass through in the land, Egypt, on this night, and I will strike down every firstborn in the land, Egypt, from human being to animal, and on all the gods of the Egyptians I will execute vengeance. I am the Lord. and I will go throughout the land of Egypt in that night, and will smite every first-born in the land of Egypt both man and beast, and on all the gods of Egypt will I execute vengeance: I [am] the Lord.

Exodus 12:13 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:13 (KJV)

Exodus 12:13 (NET)

And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, so that when I see the blood I will pass over you, and this plague will not fall on you to destroy you when I attack the land of Egypt.

Exodus 12:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται τὸ αἷμα ὑμῖν ἐν σημείῳ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἐν αἷς ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐκεῖ καὶ ὄψομαι τὸ αἷμα καὶ σκεπάσω ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἐν ὑμῖν πληγὴ τοῦ ἐκτριβῆναι ὅταν παίω ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἔσται τὸ αἷμα ὑμῖν ἐν σημείῳ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκιῶν, ἐν αἷς ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐκεῖ, καὶ ὄψομαι τὸ αἷμα καὶ σκεπάσω ὑμᾶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἐν ὑμῖν πληγὴ τοῦ ἐκτριβῆναι, ὅταν παίω ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ

Exodus 12:13 (NETS)

Exodus 12:13 (English Elpenor)

And the blood shall be for you as a sign on the houses, there where you are, and I will see the blood, and I will protect you, and there shall not be a plague among you to destroy, whenever I strike in the land, Egypt. And the blood shall be for a sign to you on the houses in which ye are, and I will see the blood, and will protect you, and there shall not be on you the plague of destruction, when I smite in the land of Egypt.

Exodus 12:28 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:28 (KJV)

Exodus 12:28 (NET)

And the children of Israel went and did so; as HaShem had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. and the Israelites went away and did exactly as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron.

Exodus 12:28 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀπελθόντες ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ Ααρων οὕτως ἐποίησαν καὶ ἀπελθόντες ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ καθὰ ἐνετείλατο Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ ᾿Ααρών, οὕτως ἐποίησαν

Exodus 12:28 (NETS)

Exodus 12:28b (English Elpenor)

And when they went away, the sons of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moyses and Aaron; so they did. And the children of Israel departed and did as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

Exodus 12:29 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:29 (KJV)

Exodus 12:29 (NET)

And it came to pass at midnight, that HaShem smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the first-born of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the first-born of cattle. And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. It happened at midnight—the Lord attacked all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle.

Exodus 12:29 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγενήθη δὲ μεσούσης τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ κύριος ἐπάταξεν πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἀπὸ πρωτοτόκου Φαραω τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου ἕως πρωτοτόκου τῆς αἰχμαλωτίδος τῆς ἐν τῷ λάκκῳ καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου παντὸς κτήνους ᾿Εγενήθη δὲ μεσούσης τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ Κύριος ἐπάταξε πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, ἀπὸ πρωτοτόκου Φαραὼ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου ἕως πρωτοτόκου τῆς αἰχμαλωτίδος τῆς ἐν τῷ λάκκῳ καὶ ἕως πρωτοτόκου παντὸς κτήνους

Exodus 12:29 (NETS)

Exodus 12:29 (English Elpenor)

Now it happened during the middle of the night that the Lord struck every firstborn in the land, Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharao who sits upon the throne, to the firstborn of the female captive who is in the pit, even to the firstborn of every animal. And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharao that sat on the throne, to the first-born of the captive-maid in the dungeon, and the first-born of all cattle.

Exodus 12:30 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:30 (KJV)

Exodus 12:30 (NET)

And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. Pharaoh got up in the night, along with all his servants and all Egypt, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house in which there was not someone dead.

Exodus 12:30 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀναστὰς Φαραω νυκτὸς καὶ πάντες οἱ θεράποντες αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι καὶ ἐγενήθη κραυγὴ μεγάλη ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ οὐ γὰρ ἦν οἰκία ἐν ᾗ οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτῇ τεθνηκώς καὶ ἀναστὰς Φαραὼ νυκτὸς καὶ οἱ θεράποντες αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι καὶ ἐγενήθη κραυγή μεγάλη ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ· οὐ γὰρ ἦν οἰκία, ἐν ᾗ οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτῇ τεθνηκώς

Exodus 12:30 (NETS)

Exodus 12:30 (English Elpenor)

And Pharao arose during the night and all his attendants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in the land of Egypt. For there was not a house which had no dead person in it. And Pharao rose up by night, and his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in all the land of Egypt, for there was not a house in which there was not one dead.

Exodus 12:31 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:31 (KJV)

Exodus 12:31 (NET)

And he called for Moses and Aaron by night and said: ‘Rise up, get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve HaShem, as ye have said. And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron in the night and said, “Get up, get out from among my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, serve the Lord as you have requested!

Exodus 12:31 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Φαραω Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ἀνάστητε καὶ ἐξέλθατε ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ μου καὶ ὑμεῖς καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ βαδίζετε καὶ λατρεύσατε κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν καθὰ λέγετε καὶ ἐκάλεσε Φαραὼ Μωυσῆν καὶ ᾿Ααρὼν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἀνάστητε καὶ ἐξέλθετε ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ μου καὶ ὑμεῖς καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ· βαδίζετε καὶ λατρεύσατε Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ ὑμῶν, καθὰ λέγετε

Exodus 12:31 (NETS)

Exodus 12:31 (English Elpenor)

And Pharao summoned Moyese and Aaron during the night and said to them, “Arise, and go out from my people, both you and the sons of Israel. Go! Serve the Lord your God according as you say. And Pharao called Moses and Aaron by night, and said to them, Rise and depart from my people, both ye and the children of Israel. Go and serve the Lord your God, even as ye say.

Exodus 12:32 (Tanakh)

Exodus 12:32 (KJV)

Exodus 12:32 (NET)

Take both your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.’ Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. Also, take your flocks and your herds, just as you have requested, and leave. But bless me also.”

Exodus 12:32 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 12:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας ὑμῶν ἀναλαβόντες πορεύεσθε εὐλογήσατε δὲ κἀμέ καὶ τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας ὑμῶν ἀναλαβόντες πορεύεσθε, εὐλογήσατε δὲ κἀμέ

Exodus 12:32 (NETS)

Exodus 12:32 (English Elpenor)

Take both your sheep and cattle, and get going, but bless me too.” And take with you your sheep, and your oxen: bless me also, I pray you.

Exodus 22:19 (Tanakh)

Exodus 22:20 (KJV)

Exodus 22:20 (NET)

He that sacrificeth unto the gods, save unto HaShem only, shall be utterly destroyed. He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed. “Whoever sacrifices to a god other than the Lord alone must be utterly destroyed.

Exodus 22:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 22:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὁ θυσιάζων θεοῖς θανάτῳ ὀλεθρευθήσεται πλὴν κυρίῳ μόνῳ ὁ θυσιάζων θεοῖς θανάτῳ ἐξολοθρευθήσεται, πλὴν Κυρίῳ μόνῳ

Exodus 22:20 (NETS)

Exodus 22:20 (English Elpenor)

The one who sacrifices to the gods, except to the Lord alone, shall be destroyed. He that sacrifices to any gods but to the Lord alone, shall be destroyed by death.

Numbers 25:6 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:6 (KJV)

Numbers 25:6 (NET)

And, behold, one of the children of Israel came and brought unto his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, while they were weeping at the door of the tent of meeting. And, behold, one of the children of Israel came and brought unto his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, who were weeping before the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. Just then one of the Israelites came and brought to his brothers a Midianite woman in the plain view of Moses and of the whole community of the Israelites, while they were weeping at the entrance of the tent of meeting.

Numbers 25:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωπος τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐλθὼν προσήγαγεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν Μαδιανῖτιν ἐναντίον Μωυσῆ καὶ ἔναντι πάσης συναγωγῆς υἱῶν Ισραηλ αὐτοὶ δὲ ἔκλαιον παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωπος τῶν υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐλθὼν προσήγαγε τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν Μαδιανῖτιν ἐναντίον Μωυσῆ καὶ ἐναντίον πάσης συναγωγῆς υἱῶν ᾿Ισραήλ, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἔκλαιον παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

Numbers 25:6 (NETS)

Numbers 25:6 (English Elpenor)

And behold, a man of the sons of Israel came and brought his brother to the Madianite woman before Moyses and before all the congregation of Israel’s sons, but they were weeping at the door of the tent of witness. And, behold, a man of the children of Israel came and brought his brother to a Madianitish woman before Moses, and before all the congregation of the children of Israel; and they were weeping at the door of the tabernacle of witness.

Numbers 25:7 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:7 (KJV)

Numbers 25:7 (NET)

And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from the midst of the congregation, and took a spear in his hand. And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from among the congregation, and took a javelin in his hand; When Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he got up from among the assembly, took a javelin in his hand,

Numbers 25:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἰδὼν Φινεες υἱὸς Ελεαζαρ υἱοῦ Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως ἐξανέστη ἐκ μέσου τῆς συναγωγῆς καὶ λαβὼν σειρομάστην ἐν τῇ χειρὶ καὶ ἰδὼν Φινεὲς υἱὸς ᾿Ελεάζαρ υἱοῦ ᾿Ααρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως ἐξανέστη ἐκ μέσου τῆς συναγωγῆς καὶ λαβὼν σειρομάστην ἐν τῇ χειρὶ

Numbers 25:7 (NETS)

Numbers 25:7 (English Elpenor)

And when Phineas son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest saw it, he arose from the midst of the congregation. And he took a barbed lance in his hand, And Phinees the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, and rose out of the midst of the congregation, and took a javelin in his hand,

Numbers 25:8 (Tanakh)

Numbers 25:8 (KJV)

Numbers 25:8 (NET)

And he went after the man of Israel into the chamber, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel. And he went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel. and went after the Israelite man into the tent and thrust through the Israelite man and into the woman’s abdomen. So the plague was stopped from the Israelites.

Numbers 25:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 25:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἰσῆλθεν ὀπίσω τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ Ισραηλίτου εἰς τὴν κάμινον καὶ ἀπεκέντησεν ἀμφοτέρους τόν τε ἄνθρωπον τὸν Ισραηλίτην καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα διὰ τῆς μήτρας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπαύσατο ἡ πληγὴ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ισραηλ εἰσῆλθεν ὀπίσω τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ ᾿Ισραηλίτου εἰς τὴν κάμινον καὶ ἀπεκέντησεν ἀμφοτέρους, τόν τε ἄνθρωπον τὸν ᾿Ισραηλίτην καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα διὰ τῆς μήτρας αὐτῆς· καὶ ἐπαύσατο ἡ πληγὴ ἀπὸ υἱῶν ᾿Ισραήλ

Numbers 25:8 (NETS)

Numbers 25:8 (English Elpenor)

and he went in after the Israelite into the alcove and pierced both of them, both the Israelite man and the woman through her womb. And the blow stopped from Israel’s sons. and went in after the Israelitish man into the chamber, and pierced them both through, both the Israelitish man, and the woman through her womb; and the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.

2 John 17:3b (ESV)

3 The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 4 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

4 Who Am I? Part 14 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

5 Who Am I? Part 14 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

6 Who Am I? Part 14 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

7 David’s Forgiveness, Part 2 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

8 The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 4 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

9 To Make Holy, Part 7 for a table comparing the Greek of Paul’s quotation to that of the Septuagint.

10 Romans 9:24 (ESV)

11 Romans 9:3b (ESV) Table

12 Romans 11:32 (ESV)

13 2 Peter 3:9 (ESV) Table

14 The Book of Life, Part 1 for a table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to that of the Septuagint.

Father, Son and Holy Spirit – Part 11

This is a continuation of my intent to become much more familiar with the Greek translation of יְהֹוָ֨ה (Yᵊhōvâ) and יֱהֹוִה֙ (yᵊhōvâ) in the Septuagint. I’ll begin with part of the Lord’s curse of the serpent to briefly consider another issue:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:15 (Tanakh) Table

Genesis 3:15 (NET)

Genesis 3:15 (NETS) Table

Genesis 3:15 (English Elpenor)

And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; they shall bruise (יְשֽׁוּפְךָ֣) thy head, and thou shalt bruise (תְּשׁוּפֶ֥נּוּ) their heel.’ And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; he will strike (šûp̄, ישופך) your head, and you will strike (šûp̄, תשופנו) his heel.” And I will put enmity between you and between the woman and between your offspring and between her offspring; he will watch (τηρήσει) your head, and you will watch (τηρήσεις) his heel.” And I will put enmity between thee and the woman and between thy seed and her seed, he shall watch against (τηρήσει) thy head, and thou shalt watch against (τηρήσεις) his heel.

An entry titled “Seed of the woman” in Wikipedia online reads:

In Christianity, Genesis 3:15 is known as the protevangelium. This is a compound of two Greek words, protos meaning “first” and evangelion meaning “good news” or “gospel”. Thus, the verse is commonly referred to as the first mention in the Bible of the “good news” of salvation…

Identification of the “seed of the woman” with Jesus goes back at least as far as Irenaeus (180 AD)[12][13]

I think of the NET as the “honest Bible,” not because it is necessarily the best overall translation, but because of its notes which “open the books” as it were on the scholarly guesswork that goes into Bible translation. An article by the Assistant Editor of the NET, “Consideration of Contexts in the Translation Philosophy of the NET Bible: Discussion and Examples,” reads:

Genesis 3:15 has had a long history of interpretation. At issue presently is whether this text refers to a single entity in conflict with another single entity, or whether groups are in view. The text of the verse in the NET Bible is as follows [not in the version online from which I quote]:

And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; they will attack your head, but you will attack their heel.

…At this time, the future coming of the Messiah had not been revealed, neither to the initial participants of the narrative nor to the author of the book. Therefore, it would be foreign to the original context to bring that meaning back into the passage in translation.

So the Lord God took this opportunity to address the origin of man’s antipathy for snakes? Whether the man and woman or Moses knew of the “coming of the Messiah” is irrelevant. The Lord God knew. Did He converse with a snake about the destiny of snakes or with the ancient serpent,1 who is the devil and Satan?2

I will utilize the work of scholars shamelessly when it corresponds to what the Lord is teaching me of Himself from his word. When it doesn’t, I remember Paul’s insight into those who would have dragged the Galatians under the law (Galatians 4:17 NET):

They court you eagerly, but for no good purpose; they want to exclude you, so that you would seek them eagerly.

I don’t often encounter aggressive scholars attempting to exclude me from the grace of God. I must decide, however, if I will believe the scholar’s work I am reading at any given moment or the Lord’s leading through his word. It’s really not a difficult decision: The Lord fills me with faith3 in Him and his word. Scholars are powerless to do likewise.

The Wikipedia entry “Seed of the woman” continued:

In Romans 16:20, there is perhaps the clearest reference to the Protoevangelium in the New Testament, “And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.” Here, the seed of the woman is identified as “the God of peace”, and yet the Church is identified as the feet that will bruise Satan’s head.[18] Martin Luther, in his Lectures on Romans, also identifies the seed of the woman with “the word of God in the church”.[19]

This connection seemed forced until I searched for τηρήσει, translated watch (Septuagint), the word the rabbis chose for יְשֽׁוּפְךָ֣ (šûp̄), translated bruise (Tanakh, KJV) and strike (NET). It only occurs once in the New Testament (John 14:22-24 NET).

“Lord,” Judas (not Judas Iscariot) said, “what has happened that you are going to reveal yourself to us and not to the world?” Jesus replied, “If anyone loves me, he will obey (τηρήσει, a form of τηρέω) my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and take up residence with him [Table]. The person who does not love me does not obey (τηρεῖ, another form of τηρέω) my words. And the word you hear is not mine, but the Father’s who sent me.

Choosing obey for τηρήσει and τηρεῖ highlighted one aspect of τηρέω: “to act and live in conformity to.” But consider another word of the Lord (John 12:31-33 NET):

Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die) [Table].

It is not readily apparent how to “act and live in conformity to” this word. It is fairly straightforward how “to guard, keep watch over” it; how “to remain alert in anticipation” of it; how “to watch out for the loss of” it and “to inspect” it “closely”:

What is the judgment of this world? Jesus will draw all to Himself. How will the ruler of this world be driven out? Jesus will draw all to Himself. What did He mean by: I am lifted up from the earth? He said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die (e.g., crucifixion). The Greek word translated when was ἐὰν, if. In other words, if Jesus is crucified, He will draw all to Himself. To say He will not draw all to Himself is logically equivalent to saying He was not crucified: modus tollens.

Keeping this word makes it much easier to obey another in faith (Matthew 28:18-20 NET):

Then Jesus came up and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me [Table]. Therefore4 go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit [Table], teaching them to obey (τηρεῖν, another form of τηρέω) everything I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age[Table].

The Lord turned to the woman:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:16 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:16 (NET)

Genesis 3:16 (NETS)

Genesis 3:16 (English Elpenor)

Unto the woman He said: ‘I will greatly multiply thy pain (עִצְּבוֹנֵ֣ךְ) and thy travail (וְהֵֽרֹנֵ֔ךְ); in pain (בְּעֶ֖צֶב) thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.’ To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase your labor (hērāyôn, והרנך ) pains (ʿiṣṣāḇôn, עצבונך); with pain (ʿēṣeḇ, בעצב) you will give birth to children. You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.” And to the woman he said, “I will increasingly increase your pains (τὰς λύπας σου) and your groaning (καὶ τὸν στεναγμόν σου); with pains (ἐν λύπαις) you will bring forth children. And your recourse will be to your husband, and he will dominate you.” And to the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy pains (τὰς λύπας σου) and thy groanings (καὶ τὸν στεναγμόν σου); in pain (ἐν λύπαις) thou shalt bring forth children, and thy submission shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.

In the Septuagint two different Hebrew words, עִצְּבוֹנֵ֣ךְ (ʿiṣṣāḇôn) and בְּעֶ֖צֶב (ʿēṣeḇ), were translated with forms of λύπη: λύπας and λύπαις. Jesus used the analogy of a woman’s reactions to childbirth to forewarn and promise his disciples how they would react to his death and resurrection (John 16:20-22 NET).

I tell you the solemn truth, you will weep and wail, but the world will rejoice; you will be sad (λυπηθήσεσθε, a form of λυπέω), but your sadness (λύπη) will turn into joy. When a woman gives birth, she has distress (λύπην, another form of λύπη) because her time has come, but when her child is born, she no longer5 remembers the suffering because of her joy that a human being has been born into the world. So also you have sorrow (λύπην, another form of λύπη) now, but I will see you again, and your hearts will rejoice, and no one will take your joy away from you.

The Lord turned to the man.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:17-19 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:17-19 (NET)

Genesis 3:17-19 (NETS)

Genesis 3:17-19 (English Elpenor)

And unto Adam He said: ‘Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil (בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙) shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. But to Adam he said, “Because you obeyed your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; in painful toil (ʿiṣṣāḇôn, בעצבון) you will eat of it all the days of your life. Then to Adam he said, “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, of this one alone, not to eat from it, cursed is the earth in your labors; with pains (ἐν λύπαις) you will eat it all the days of your life; And to Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, and eaten of the tree concerning which I charged thee of it only not to eat– of that thou hast eaten, cursed [is] the ground in thy labours, in pain (ἐν λύπαις) shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.
Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, but you will eat the grain of the field. thorns and thistles it shall cause to grow up for you, and you will eat the herbage of the field. Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.’ By the sweat of your brow you will eat food until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you will return.” By the sweat of your face you will eat bread until you return to the earth from which you were taken, for you are earth and to earth you will depart.” In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread until thou return to the earth out of which thou wast taken, for earth thou art and to earth thou shalt return.

Here again, בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ (ʿiṣṣāḇôn)—in toil (Tanakh), in sorrow (KJV), in painful toil (NET)—was translated with a form of λύπη: ἐν λύπαις. Paul alluded to this worldly sadness [that] brings about death (2 Corinthians 7:8-10 NET):

For even if I made you sad (ἐλύπησα, a form of λυπέω) by my letter, I do not regret having written it (even though I did regret it, for I see that my letter made you sad [ἐλύπησεν, another form of λυπέω], though only for a short time). Now I rejoice, not because you were made sad (ἐλυπήθητε, another form of λυπέω), but because you were made sad (ἐλυπήθητε, another form of λυπέω) to the point of repentance. For you were made sad (ἐλυπήθητε, another form of λυπέω) as God intended, so that you were not harmed in any way by us. For sadness (λύπη) as intended by God produces a repentance that leads6 to salvation, leaving no regret, but worldly sadness (λύπη) brings about death.

This worldly sadness (λύπη) [that] brings about death7 was the Lord’s word to Adam (e.g., humanity): cursed is the earth in your labors; with pains (ἐν λύπαις) you will eat it all the days of your life8until you return to the earth from which you were taken, for you are earth and to earth you will depart.9 But sadness (λύπη) as intended by God produces a repentance that leads to salvation.10 In another essay I wrote:

The serpent trusted (Genesis 3:4, 5) his own partially true knowledge rather than God’s command. The woman trusted (Genesis 3:6) the serpent’s knowledge and her own desires rather than God’s command. The man trusted (Genesis 3:6) his wife rather than God’s command.

While there was no way to undo what had been done, this analysis points the way to a repentance that leads to salvation; namely, to trust God’s word over that of all others. The narrative continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:20 (NET)

Genesis 3:20 (NETS)

Genesis 3:20 (English Elpenor)

And the man called his wife’s name Eve (חַוָּ֑ה); because she was the mother of all living (חָֽי). The man named his wife Eve (ḥaûâ, חוה), because she was the mother of all the living (ḥay, חי). And Adam called the name of his wife Life (Ζωή), because she is the mother of all the living (τῶν ζώντων). And Adam called the name of his wife Life (Ζωή), because she was the mother of all living (τῶν ζώντων).

Though this is an interesting choice of names, I find it difficult to glean whether Adam had repented or continued to trust in his wife. Nevertheless, the Lord God made clothes for both of them, to cover their newly perceived nakedness.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:21 (NET)

Genesis 3:21 (NETS)

Genesis 3:21 (English Elpenor)

And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֨ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֜ים) made for Adam and for his wife garments of skins, and clothed them. The Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (‘ĕlōhîm, אלהים) made garments from skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them. And the Lord (κύριος) God ( θεὸς) made leather tunics for Adam and for his wife and clothed them. And the Lord (Κύριος) God ( Θεὸς) made for Adam and his wife garments of skin, and clothed them.

Here the narrator called God יְהֹוָ֨ה (Yᵊhōvâ), which was corroborated by Κύριος in the Septuagint. If Adam or Eve had any lingering uncertainty about death, the corpses of the animals the Lord skinned to clothe them was a vivid education.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint

Genesis 3:22-24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:22-24 (NET)

Genesis 3:22-24 (NETS)

Genesis 3:22-24 (English Elpenor)

And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֣ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֗ים) said: ‘Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever’ [Table]. And the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (‘ĕlōhîm, אלהים) said, “Now that the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil, he must not be allowed to stretch out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” Then God ( θεός) said, “See, Adam has become like one of us, knowing good and evil, and now perhaps he might reach out his hand and take of the tree of life and eat, and live forever” [Table]. And God ( Θεός) said, Behold, Adam is become as one of us, to know good and evil, and now lest at any time he stretch forth his hand, and take of the tree of life and eat, and [so] he shall live forever–
Therefore HaShem (יְהֹוָ֥ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֖ים) sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken [Table]. So the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (‘ĕlōhîm, אלהים) expelled him from the orchard in Eden to cultivate the ground from which he had been taken. And the Lord (κύριος) God ( θεὸς) sent him forth from the orchard of delight to till the earth from which he was taken [Table]. So the Lord (Κύριος) God ( Θεὸς) sent him forth out of the garden of Delight to cultivate the ground out of which he was taken.
So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep (לִשְׁמֹ֕ר) the way to the tree of life. When he drove the man out, he placed on the eastern side of the orchard in Eden angelic sentries who used the flame of a whirling sword to guard (šāmar, לשמר) the way to the tree of life. And he drove Adam out and caused him to dwell opposite the orchard of delight, and he stationed the cherubim and the flaming sword that turns, to guard (φυλάσσειν) the way to the tree of life. And he cast out Adam and caused him to dwell over against the garden of Delight, and stationed the cherubs and the fiery sword that turns about to keep (φυλάσσειν) the way of the tree of life.

The Lord God’s word is true: He did what He said and made it so. They will surely die. I’ll pick this up in another essay.

According to a note (72) in the NET Jesus alluded to Isaiah 66:14. A table comparing the Greek of John 16:22b with that of Isaiah 66:14 in the Septuagint follows:

Isaiah 66:14 (NET Parallel Greek)

Isaiah 66:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 66:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πάλιν δὲ ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς, καὶ χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία, καὶ τὴν χαρὰν ὑμῶν οὐδεὶς |αἴρει| ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν καὶ ὄψεσθε καὶ χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑμῶν ὡς βοτάνη ἀνατελεῖ καὶ γνωσθήσεται χεὶρ κυρίου τοῖς σεβομένοις αὐτόν καὶ ἀπειλήσει τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσιν καὶ ὄψεσθε, καὶ χαρήσεται ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν, καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑμῶν ὡς βοτάνη ἀνατελεῖ καὶ γνωσθήσεται χεὶρ Κυρίου τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν, καὶ ἀπειλήσει τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσιν

Isaiah 66:14 (NET)

Isaiah 66:14 (NETS)

Isaiah 66:14 (English Elpenor)

but I will see you again, and your hearts will rejoice, and no one will take your joy away from you. You shall see, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall grow like grass, and the hand of the Lord shall be known to those who worship him, and he shall threaten those who disobey him. And ye shall see, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall thrive like grass: and the hand of the Lord shall be known to them that fear him, and he shall threaten the disobedient.

Tables comparing Genesis 3:16; 3:17; 3:18; 3:19; 3:20; 3:21; 3:24 and Isaiah 66:14 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET; and tables comparing Genesis 3:16; 3:17; 3:18; 3:19; 3:20; 3:21; 3:24 and Isaiah 66:14 in the BLB and Elpenor versions of the Septuagint with the English translations from Hebrew and Greek, and tables comparing the Greek of Revelation 20:2, John 16:21 and 2 Corinthians 7:10 in the NET and KJV follow.

Genesis 3:16 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:16 (KJV)

Genesis 3:16 (NET)

Unto the woman He said: ‘I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.’ Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase your labor pains; with pain you will give birth to children. You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.”

Genesis 3:16 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ εἶπεν πληθύνων πληθυνῶ τὰς λύπας σου καὶ τὸν στεναγμόν σου ἐν λύπαις τέξῃ τέκνα καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἡ ἀποστροφή σου καὶ αὐτός σου κυριεύσει καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ εἶπε· πληθύνων πληθυνῶ τὰς λύπας σου καὶ τὸν στεναγμόν σου· ἐν λύπαις τέξῃ τέκνα, καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἡ ἀποστροφή σου, καὶ αὐτός σου κυριεύσει

Genesis 3:16 (NETS)

Genesis 3:16 (English Elpenor)

And to the woman he said, “I will increasingly increase your pains and your groaning; with pains you will bring forth children. And your recourse will be to your husband, and he will dominate you.” And to the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy pains and thy groanings; in pain thou shalt bring forth children, and thy submission shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.

Genesis 3:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:17 (KJV)

Genesis 3:17 (NET)

And unto Adam He said: ‘Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; But to Adam he said, “Because you obeyed your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; in painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life.

Genesis 3:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τῷ δὲ Αδαμ εἶπεν ὅτι ἤκουσας τῆς φωνῆς τῆς γυναικός σου καὶ ἔφαγες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου οὗ ἐνετειλάμην σοι τούτου μόνου μὴ φαγεῖν ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐπικατάρατος ἡ γῆ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις σου ἐν λύπαις φάγῃ αὐτὴν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς σου τῷ δὲ ᾿Αδὰμ εἶπεν· ὅτι ἤκουσας τῆς φωνῆς τῆς γυναικός σου καὶ ἔφαγες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου, οὗ ἐνετειλάμην σοι τούτου μόνου μὴ φαγεῖν, ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἔφαγες, ἐπικατάρατος ἡ γῆ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις σου· ἐν λύπαις φαγῇ αὐτὴν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς σου

Genesis 3:17 (NETS)

Genesis 3:17 (English Elpenor)

Then to Adam he said, “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, of this one alone, not to eat from it, cursed is the earth in your labors; with pains you will eat it all the days of your life; And to Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, and eaten of the tree concerning which I charged thee of it only not to eat– of that thou hast eaten, cursed [is] the ground in thy labours, in pain shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.

Genesis 3:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:18 (KJV)

Genesis 3:18 (NET)

Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; It will produce thorns and thistles for you, but you will eat the grain of the field.

Genesis 3:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀκάνθας καὶ τριβόλους ἀνατελεῖ σοι καὶ φάγῃ τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἀκάνθας καὶ τριβόλους ἀνατελεῖ σοι, καὶ φαγῇ τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ

Genesis 3:18 (NETS)

Genesis 3:18 (English Elpenor)

thorns and thistles it shall cause to grow up for you, and you will eat the herbage of the field. Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.

Genesis 3:19 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:19 (KJV)

Genesis 3:19 (NET)

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.’ In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. By the sweat of your brow you will eat food until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you will return.”

Genesis 3:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου σου φάγῃ τὸν ἄρτον σου ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι σε εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐξ ἧς ἐλήμφθης ὅτι γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου σου φαγῇ τὸν ἄρτον σου, ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι σε εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλήφθης, ὅτι γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ

Genesis 3:19 (NETS)

Genesis 3:19 (English Elpenor)

By the sweat of your face you will eat bread until you return to the earth from which you were taken, for you are earth and to earth you will depart.” In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread until thou return to the earth out of which thou wast taken, for earth thou art and to earth thou shalt return.

Genesis 3:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:20 (KJV)

Genesis 3:20 (NET)

And the man called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. And Adam called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. The man named his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all the living.

Genesis 3:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Αδαμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ζωή ὅτι αὕτη μήτηρ πάντων τῶν ζώντων καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ζωή, ὅτι αὕτη μήτηρ πάντων τῶν ζώντων

Genesis 3:20 (NETS)

Genesis 3:20 (English Elpenor)

And Adam called the name of his wife Life, because she is the mother of all the living. And Adam called the name of his wife Life, because she was the mother of all living.

Genesis 3:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:21 (KJV)

Genesis 3:21 (NET)

And HaShem G-d made for Adam and for his wife garments of skins, and clothed them. Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them. The Lord God made garments from skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.

Genesis 3:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐποίησεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῷ Αδαμ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ χιτῶνας δερματίνους καὶ ἐνέδυσεν αὐτούς Καὶ ἐποίησε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῷ ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ χιτῶνας δερματίνους καὶ ἐνέδυσεν αὐτούς

Genesis 3:21 (NETS)

Genesis 3:21 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord God made leather tunics for Adam and for his wife and clothed them. And the Lord God made for Adam and his wife garments of skin, and clothed them.

Genesis 3:24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 3:24 (KJV)

Genesis 3:24 (NET)

So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. When he drove the man out, he placed on the eastern side of the orchard in Eden angelic sentries who used the flame of a whirling sword to guard the way to the tree of life.

Genesis 3:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 3:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐξέβαλεν τὸν Αδαμ καὶ κατῴκισεν αὐτὸν ἀπέναντι τοῦ παραδείσου τῆς τρυφῆς καὶ ἔταξεν τὰ χερουβιμ καὶ τὴν φλογίνην ῥομφαίαν τὴν στρεφομένην φυλάσσειν τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐξέβαλε τὸν ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ κατῴκισεν αὐτὸν ἀπέναντι τοῦ παραδείσου τῆς τρυφῆς καὶ ἔταξε τὰ Χερουβὶμ καὶ τὴν φλογίνην ρομφαίαν τὴν στρεφομένην φυλάσσειν τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς

Genesis 3:24 (NETS)

Genesis 3:24 (English Elpenor)

And he drove Adam out and caused him to dwell opposite the orchard of delight, and he stationed the cherubim and the flaming sword that turns, to guard the way to the tree of life. And he cast out Adam and caused him to dwell over against the garden of Delight, and stationed the cherubs and the fiery sword that turns about to keep the way of the tree of life.

Isaiah 66:14 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 66:14 (KJV)

Isaiah 66:14 (NET)

And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies. And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies. When you see this, you will be happy, and you will be revived. The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies.

Isaiah 66:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 66:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ὄψεσθε καὶ χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑμῶν ὡς βοτάνη ἀνατελεῖ καὶ γνωσθήσεται ἡ χεὶρ κυρίου τοῖς σεβομένοις αὐτόν καὶ ἀπειλήσει τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσιν καὶ ὄψεσθε, καὶ χαρήσεται ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν, καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑμῶν ὡς βοτάνη ἀνατελεῖ· καὶ γνωσθήσεται ἡ χεὶρ Κυρίου τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν, καὶ ἀπειλήσει τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσιν

Isaiah 66:14 (NETS)

Isaiah 66:14 (English Elpenor)

You shall see, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall grow like grass, and the hand of the Lord shall be known to those who worship him, and he shall threaten those who disobey him. And ye shall see, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall thrive like grass: and the hand of the Lord shall be known to them that fear him, and he shall threaten the disobedient.

Revelation 20:2 (NET)

Revelation 20:2 (KJV)

He seized the dragon—the ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan—and tied him up for a thousand years. And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,

Revelation 20:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

Revelation 20:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Revelation 20:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἐκράτησεν τὸν δράκοντα, ὄφις ἀρχαῖος, ὅς ἐστιν Διάβολος καὶ Σατανᾶς, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν χίλια ἔτη και εκρατησεν τον δρακοντα τον οφιν τον αρχαιον ος εστιν διαβολος και σατανας και εδησεν αυτον χιλια ετη και εκρατησεν τον δρακοντα τον οφιν τον αρχαιον ος εστιν διαβολος και ο σατανας ο πλανων την οικουμενην ολην και εδησεν αυτον χιλια ετη

John 16:21 (NET)

John 16:21 (KJV)

When a woman gives birth, she has distress because her time has come, but when her child is born, she no longer remembers the suffering because of her joy that a human being has been born into the world. A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is come: but as soon as she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more the anguish, for joy that a man is born into the world.

John 16:21 (NET Parallel Greek)

John 16:21 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

John 16:21 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἡ γυνὴ ὅταν τίκτῃ λύπην ἔχει, ὅτι ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα αὐτῆς· ὅταν δὲ γεννήσῃ τὸ παιδίον, οὐκέτι μνημονεύει τῆς θλίψεως διὰ τὴν χαρὰν ὅτι ἐγεννήθη ἄνθρωπος εἰς τὸν κόσμον η γυνη οταν τικτη λυπην εχει οτι ηλθεν η ωρα αυτης οταν δε γεννηση το παιδιον ουκ ετι μνημονευει της θλιψεως δια την χαραν οτι εγεννηθη ανθρωπος εις τον κοσμον η γυνη οταν τικτη λυπην εχει οτι ηλθεν η ωρα αυτης οταν δε γεννηση το παιδιον ουκετι μνημονευει της θλιψεως δια την χαραν οτι εγεννηθη ανθρωπος εις τον κοσμον

2 Corinthians 7:10 (NET)

2 Corinthians 7:10 (KJV)

For sadness as intended by God produces a repentance that leads to salvation, leaving no regret, but worldly sadness brings about death. For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the sorrow of the world worketh death.

2 Corinthians 7:10 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Corinthians 7:10 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Corinthians 7:10 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἡ γὰρ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀμεταμέλητον ἐργάζεται· ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη θάνατον κατεργάζεται η γαρ κατα θεον λυπη μετανοιαν εις σωτηριαν αμεταμελητον κατεργαζεται η δε του κοσμου λυπη θανατον κατεργαζεται η γαρ κατα θεον λυπη μετανοιαν εις σωτηριαν αμεταμελητον κατεργαζεται η δε του κοσμου λυπη θανατον κατεργαζεται

2 Revelation 20:2 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article preceding Satan. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

3 The Greek word translated faithfulness in Paul’s description of the fruit of the Spirit is πίστις: live by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh (Galatians 5:16 NET).

7 2 Corinthians 7:10b (NET)

8 Genesis 3:17b (NETS)

9 Genesis 3:19b (NETS)

10 2 Corinthians 7:10a (NET)

The Day of the Lord, Part 3

In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction ( υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).1 Now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having no bread2 after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”3

I’ve been working backwards from 2 Thessalonians 2:12. Here I’ll start with 2 Thessalonians 2:9 (NET).

The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,

The Greek words translated The arrival of the lawless one will be were οὗ ἐστιν παρουσία. I notice first that will be was not ἔσται in the future tense in Greek but ἐστιν in the present tense. The more problematic however is the translation of οὗ: of the lawless one. A note (18) in the NET acknowledged that οὗ…ἡ παρουσία is “whose coming,” but then simply asserted that whose was “referring to the lawless one.”

Paul’s introduction of the subject effectively designates the topics of his discussion (2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 NET):

Now regarding the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, not to be easily shaken from your composure or4 disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord5 is already here (ἐνέστηκεν, a form of ἐνίστημι). Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive (ἔλθῃ, a form of ἔρχομαι) until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness6 is revealed, the son of destruction.

Paul used the noun παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) to refer to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the verbs ἀποκαλυφθῇ, ἀποκαλυφθῆναι and ἀποκαλυφθήσεται (all forms of ἀποκαλύπτω) to refer to a time when the man of lawlessness is revealed. Here is the detail in a table.

our Lord Jesus Christ

the man of lawlessness

τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου |ἡμῶν| Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ

2 Thessalonians 2:1a (NET)

ἀποκαλυφθῇ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας the man of lawlessness is revealed

2 Thessalonians 2:3b (NET)

τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ |ἑαυτοῦ| καιρῷ he will be revealed in his own time

2 Thessalonians 2:6b (NET)

ὃν κύριοςκαταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ whom the Lord will…wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival

2 Thessalonians 2:8b (NET)

ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ἄνομος the lawless one will be revealed

2 Thessalonians 2:8a (NET)

After three occurrences of forms of ἀποκαλύπτω clearly referring to the lawless one to be revealed, and two occurrences of παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) clearly referring to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, it is difficult to see how the very next occurrence of παρουσία could be “referring to the lawless one.”7 But “the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is by Satan’s working” is not a particularly easy reading of the text. Still, I can grasp from it that Paul and the Holy Spirit posited some relationship between the “arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ” and ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ, Satan’s working (NET).

The preposition linking them is κατ᾿, by (NET). The root κατά8 can mean against: “The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is against Satan’s working.” The translation against occurs most often when κατ᾿ is followed by a pronoun in the genitive case (see Table below). Here κατ᾿ was followed by ἐνέργειαν, a noun in the accusative case (see Table below).

I found only one example of κατ᾿ translated against when followed by a word in the accusative case, and that was also a pronoun (Acts 27:14 KJV):

But not long after there arose against it (κατ αυτης) a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.

Still, the Koine Greek Lexicon is fairly clear:

With Acc:
Relational:
in regard to
matching something to something else, a relationship between one thing and another, a correspondence between two things, compatibility, congruity, symmetry, harmony
facing, across from, over against
under the surface of
throughout (a space or surface)
along (of extension in space)
according to

“The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is facing, across from, over against Satan’s working” with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.9 With this understanding of κατ᾿ I hear the echo of Paul’s insight into the Gospel: where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.10

As the passage continues it becomes clear that God exploits Satan’s working for his own purpose (2 Thessalonians 2:11, 12 NET).

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false [Table]. And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned [Table].

As I pointed out in another essay the Greek word translated will be condemned was not καταδικάσονται (a form of καταδικάζω) but κριθῶσιν (a form of κρίνω), “be judged.” And the judgment was clearly stated: God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

I’ll back up again (2 Thessalonians 2:8 NET):

and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy11 by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

The Greek words translated the lawless one (KJV: that Wicked) were ἄνομος, a singular adjective preceded by an article. This distinguishes ἄνομος from those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.12

Here is an example of the plural form of ἄνομος for contrast. Paul wrote about a group of people (1 Timothy 1:8-10 NET):

But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless (ἀνόμοις, a form of ἄνομος) and rebellious people, for the ungodly13 and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers14 or mothers,15 for murderers, sexually immoral people, practicing homosexuals, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching.

There were different outcomes stated for the lawless one and those who are perishing

the lawless one

those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved

will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET)

and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)

And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned (e.g., judged).

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET)

[T]he lawless one will be revealed (ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, a form of ἀποκαλύπτω). [T]he Lord will destroy [the lawless one] by the breath (KJV: spirit) of his mouth, which I assume means the words He speaks. The Greek word translated will destroy was ἀνελεῖ, a form of ἀναιρέω (NET parallel Greek text, NA28).16 And the Lord will wipe out (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the lawless one by the manifestation of his arrival. It seems worth noting that the first definition given for καταργέω is “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle.”

That has a hopeful sound for those who have believed what is false, those who are judged because they have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil. And here I may have the beginnings of an understanding why the translators felt obliged to make God’s purpose identical to Satan’s working and condemned them. I think it’s a limitation of the human mind.

We tend to bifurcate God in our minds into two distinct streams of activity. One stream is love and mercy. The other is vengeance and judgment. But God is One. Whether his activity is mercy or judgment, He is love and the course of these streams is set because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.17

Jesus said (John 12:31-33 NET):

Now is the judgment (κρίσις) of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die [Table].)

Here, I see the two streams of God’s activity converge into one in Christ. If I think that Jesus drawing all to Himself is too good, too merciful, to be true, I am immediately confronted by the fact that drawing all to Himself is the most thorough repudiation of the world He was sent to save, and save, not as it is but, as it will be through (δι᾿) Him.

I’ll back up again to learn when the lawless one will be revealed (2 Thessalonians 2:7 NET).

For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way,

The Greek word translated hidden power was μυστήριον. A note (15) in the NET explained the translators’ word choice.

Grk “the mystery of lawlessness.” In Paul “mystery” often means “revealed truth, something formerly hidden but now made widely known,” but that does not make sense with the verb of this clause (“to be at work, to be active”).

The Greek verb ἐνεργεῖται (a form of ἐνεργέω), translated at work, troubled them. The first definition of ἐνεργέω in the Koine Greek Lexicon is “to work, be at work, operate, be effective.” It seems an appropriate bookend to καταργήσει (a form of καταργέω) when the Lord returns “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle” the lawless one (and, presumably, this mystery of lawlessness, this hidden power) by the manifestation of his arrival.

[T]he one who holds him back was κατέχων, a participle of the verb κατέχω. I’ll back up two verses this time (2 Thessalonians 2:5, 6 NET).

Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. And so you know what holds him back (τὸ κατέχον, another participle of κατέχω), so that he will be revealed in his own time.

I’m really not seeing the issue the NET translators had with a mystery of lawlessness and a man of lawlessness that are partially revealed to those who heed Paul and still yet to be fully revealed at another later date. I’ll pick this up in another essay.

The two tables mentioned above follow:

Κατ᾿ + Gen

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 12:14 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Matthew 12:30 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me against me
Mark 3:6 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him N/A
Mark 14:56 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Mark 14:57 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Luke 11:23 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me against me
Luke 23:14 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut whereof…him him
John 19:11 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me over me
Acts 16:22 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Acts 19:16 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Acts 25:3 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against Paul
Acts 25:15 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Acts 25:27 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Hebrews 6:13 κατ᾿ οὐδενὸς Adj: Gen Sing Masc/Neut by no by no one
James 5:9 κατ᾿ ἀλλήλων Reciprocal Pronoun Gen Plur MFN one against another against one another
2 Peter 2:11 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Jude 1:15 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him

Κατ᾿ + Acc

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 14:13 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 14:23 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart by himself
Matthew 17:1 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 17:19 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 20:17 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart aside privately
Matthew 24:3 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Mark 1:27 κατ᾿ ἐξουσίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem with authority with authority
Mark 4:34 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem when they were alone privately
Mark 6:31 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Mark 6:32 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately by themselves
Mark 7:33 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem aside aside privately
Mark 9:2 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Mark 9:28 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Mark 13:3 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 9:10 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 10:23 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 10:33 κατ᾿ αὐτὸν Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc when he saw him where the injured man
John 7:24 κατ᾿ ὄψιν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the appearance according to external appearance
Acts 2:46 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc from house to house from house to house
Acts 5:42 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc in every house from house to house
Acts 12:1 Κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνον Demonstrative Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc about that about that
Acts 13:23 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to his promise just as he promised
Acts 14:23 κατ᾿ ἐκκλησίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem in every church in the various churches
Acts 20:20 κατ᾿ οἴκους Noun: Acc Plur Masc from house to house from house to house
Acts 23:19 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Acts 25:23 κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem principal the prominent
Acts 27:14 κατ᾿ αὐτῆς Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Fem against it from the island
Romans 1:15 τὸ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing as much as in me is N/A
Romans 9:11 κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to election in election
Romans 10:2 κατ᾿ ἐπίγνωσιν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to knowledge in line with the truth
Romans 11:5 κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the election chosen
Romans 16:5 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc is in…house in…house
Romans 16:26 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the commandment according to the command
1 Corinthians 7:6 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγήν Noun: Acc Sing Fem of commandment as a command
1 Corinthians 16:19 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc that is in…house in…house
2 Corinthians 8:8 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem by commandment as a command
Galatians 2:2 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately in a private meeting
Galatians 3:29 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the promise according to the promise
Ephesians 4:16 κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the effectual working N/A
Ephesians 6:6 κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν Acc Sing Fem with eyeservice like those who do their work only when someone is watching
Ephesians 6:21 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing my affairs about my circumstances
Philippians 1:12 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing the things which happened unto me my situation
Colossians 3:10 κατ᾿ εἰκόνα Noun: Acc Sing Fem after the image of him according to the image
Colossians 4:7 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing my state the news about me
Colossians 4:15 τὴν κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc which is in…house that meets in…house
2 Thessalonians 2:9 κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem after the working by…working
1 Timothy 1:1 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem by the commandment by the command
1 Timothy 6:3 τῇ κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem which is according to godliness that accords with godliness
2 Timothy 1:1 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the promise to further the promise
Titus 1:1 τῆς κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem which is after godliness that is in keeping with godliness
Titus 1:3 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the commandment according to the command
Titus 3:7 κατ᾿ ἐλπίδα Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the hope with the confident expectation
Philemon 1:2 τῇ κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc in…house that meets in…house
Hebrews 1:10 κατ᾿ ἀρχάς Noun: Acc Plur Fem in the beginning in the beginning
Hebrews 9:25 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν Noun: Acc Sing Masc every year year after year
Hebrews 10:1 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν Noun: Acc Sing Masc year by year year after year
Hebrews 10:3 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν Noun: Acc Sing Masc every year year after year

For completeness here are the rest of the tables I made in preparation for this essay.

Κατ᾿ + Nom / Acc

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 1:20 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:12 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:13 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:19 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:22 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 27:19 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream of a dream
Luke 2:41 κατ᾿ ἔτος Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut every year every year
John 10:3 κατ᾿ ὄνομα Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut by name by name
3 John 1:14 κατ᾿ ὄνομα Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut by name by name

Κατ᾿ + Dat

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Galatians 3:1 κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοὺς Noun: Dat Plur Masc before…eyes Before…eyes

Κατ᾿ + Verb Infin

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Philippians 2:3 κατ᾿18 ἐριθείαν Verb: 2Aor Act Infin be done through strife of being motivated by selfish ambition

Tables comparing 2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3; 2:8 and 1 Timothy 1:9 in the NET and KJV follow.

2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (KJV)

not to be easily shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Stepanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾿ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾿ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου
Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction. Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον. ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (KJV)

and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος, ὃν ὁ κύριος ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ, και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET)

1 Timothy 1:9 (KJV)

realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers,

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET Parallel Greek)

1 Timothy 1:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

1 Timothy 1:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)

εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις, πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατραλωαις και μητραλωαις ανδροφονοις ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατρολωαις και μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις

1 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET)

2 Mark 8:16b (NET) Table

3 Mark 8:15b (NET)

7 NET note 18

8 Based on the examples I’ve considered, I would say that κατ᾿ is used when the word following it begins with a vowel.

9 2 Thessalonians 2:9b, 10 (NET)

10 Romans 5:20b, 21 (NET)

11 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀνελεῖ (a form of ἀναιρέω) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.

12 2 Thessalonians 2:10b (NET) Table

16 In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text the word was αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.

17 2 Peter 3:9b (NET) Table

18 KJV: κατὰ

Christianity, Part 3

In another essay in this series, I wrote, “Any rational argument against [And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) to myself1] must explain: 1) how Jesus was wrong and 2) when He changed his mind.” I want to consider some arguments against it to see how that observation holds up.

A blog post titled “What Did Jesus Mean When He Said That he will ‘Draw All Men [and Women] to Myself’?” on the Christian Publishing House Blog stated:

The Greek expressions rendered “all” in John 12:32 is an inflected form of the word pas. In Koine Greek “all” does not always mean “all.” Many times in the biblical Greek “all” is used in a hyperbolic sense and does not necessarily always mean “all.”

If I assume that Jesus knew this esoteric rule of Koine Greek, I can shoehorn this argument into item #2 of my understanding of a rational argument: Jesus changed his mind even before He spoke. He wasn’t wrong (item #1) because He never said that He will draw all to Himself. I misunderstand Him taking Him at his word.

I’m not convinced that this is an esoteric rule of Koine Greek. The author2 cites no Greek grammar but lets it stand on his own authority. I’m not sure how I would apply such a rule if it existed. Much of what Jesus or Paul said or wrote seemed hyperbolic to me when I began to study the Bible. I suspect that forms of πᾶς (pas) much like all in English mean “every, all, the whole, always, complete, entire, utter,” unless explicitly limited in the text. “It is the context that will make clear the author’s intention.”3

According to the Greek Concordance on biblehub.com there are 90 occurrences of πάντας (the Greek word translated all people in John 12:32) in the New Testament. I’ll look at all of them eventually. I’ve surveyed the first nine in Matthew [see Table below].

All nine occur in narrative passages and are clearly limited in scope. The first occurrence follows (Matthew 2:1-4 ESV):

Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying, “Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him.” When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all (πᾶσα, another form of πᾶς) Jerusalem with him; and assembling all (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born.

Here πάντας was clearly limited to all the chief priests and scribes of the people. It is completely fair to further limit this to all the chief priests and scribes of the people in Jerusalem, since wise men from the east came to Jerusalem. I’d be willing to limit it further to all the chief priests and scribes of the people living in Jerusalem at this time.

Though I’m not searching occurrences of πᾶσα (another form of πᾶς) deliberately, this one came up in context: all Jerusalem was troubled with Herod. I see no problem limiting this occurrence of a form of πᾶς to all Jerusalem who heard with Herod was troubled.

Another example follows (Matthew 2:16 ESV):

Then Herod, when he saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, became furious, and he sent and killed all (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) the male children in Bethlehem and in all4 (πᾶσι[ν], another form of πᾶς) that region who were two years old or under, according to the time that he had ascertained from the wise men.

Here πάντας was limited to the male children in Bethlehem and in πᾶσι(ν) that region who were two years old or under. Since this order was carried out by men it wouldn’t surprise me if the results were less than perfect. We are told explicitly that they missed their intended target completely (Matthew 2:13-15a ESV):

Now when [the wise men] had departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, “Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there until I tell you, for Herod is about to search for the child, to destroy him.” And he rose and took the child and his mother by night and departed to Egypt and remained there until the death of Herod.

One more example follows (Matthew 21:12 ESV):

And Jesus5 entered the temple6 and drove out all (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) who sold and bought in the temple, and he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those who sold pigeons.

Here πάντας was limited by who sold and bought in the temple. It was further limited by the stated location of the temple: And when [Jesus] entered Jerusalem, the whole (πᾶσα, another form of πᾶς) city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?”7 Here, too, πᾶσα was limited by thecity of Jerusalem.

So, do these nine examples of πάντας, along with two examples of πᾶσα and one of πᾶσι(ν), persuade me that Jesus intended to limit πάντας in some way when He said, And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) to myself8? No. Matthew was careful to alert his reader by the words which immediately followed it that πάντας was limited. Jesus, by comparison, seems far too cavalier if He intended any such limitation.

There is a book ad preceding the blog post I quoted:

Jesus told the leaders of his day that he “will draw all men [and women] to myself.” You too can experience the joy of drawing “all men” [and women] to the “good news” by Reaching Hearts with the Art of Persuasion.9

I never expected with a few clicks of a mouse in under two minutes to find one document that effectively explained one reason I thought Jesus spoke in the exaggerated language of a salesman was the inherent logic of my Christianity. I had a philosophical bent to my mind at a very young age.

I’ve considered the four occurrences of πάντας in Mark’s Gospel [see Table below], but first it seems necessary to address something else. For me the grammatical arguments are most compelling: What did Jesus say? The author of this blog post seems to be arguing something else. He paraphrased D. A. Carson: Jesus “means ‘all people without distinction, Jews and Gentiles alike’, not all individuals without exception, since the surrounding context has just established judgment as a major theme (v. 31)…”

If Jesus draws me to Himself, does that preclude Him from judging the sin condemned in my flesh? No, of course not. I return to what I called the long name10 of God (Exodus 34:6, 7 ESV):

The Lord passed before [Moses] and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children’s children, to the third and the fourth generation.”

Since I mentioned this alternative argument, I should probably address it directly. One of the things I like to do is to put alternatives into the text to see how they feel:

Alternate Explanations

And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself without distinction, Jews and Gentiles alike. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all individuals to myself without exception.

I’m not subtle enough to hear much difference between these two statements, but I’m not thick. I understand what the author of the blog post wanted Jesus to say:

And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw from all peoples to myself, from Jews and Gentiles alike without distinction. I will not draw all individuals without exception.

If I take this to the judgment seat of Christ, what is my account if He asks why I believed it? I read a blog post from a Christian bookseller paraphrasing the president of the Evangelical Theological Society? “But what did I say, Dan,” is all He has to say to bring me to my senses. He said, And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw allto myself.

Three of the four occurrences of πάντας in Mark’s Gospel are more like the occurrence in John 12:32 than any in Matthew’s Gospel, and they are clearly limited. One example follows (Mark 2:1-5a, 11, 12 ESV):

And when [Jesus] returned11 to Capernaum12 after some days,13 it was reported that he was at home.14 And15 many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door. And he was preaching the word to them. And they came, bringing to him a paralytic carried by four men. And when they could not get near16 him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down17 the bed18 on which19 the paralytic lay. And20 when Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic…“I say to you, rise,21 pick up your bed,22 and go home.” And he rose and immediately23 picked up his bed24 and went out before25 them all (πάντων, another form of πᾶς), so that they were all (πάντας, a form of πᾶς) amazed and glorified God, saying, “We never saw anything like this!”

Here πάντας was not limited by the words immediately following it. Instead, it was flanked by two infinitives in the present tense: ἐξίστασθαι (a form of ἐξίστημι) and δοξάζειν (a form of δοξάζω), translated: they were all amazed and glorified God in the ESV. Likewise, πάντων was not limited by the words immediately preceding it: (he) went out before them all. (It seems to me that them was added by the translators.) Both are limited by their context, a house in Capernaum at a specific time: And when he returned to Capernaum after some days, it was reported that he was at home. And many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door.

So, should I assume that πάντας in John 12:32 was limited to all who heard Jesus at that particular moment in Jerusalem? That doesn’t feel right, and I’ve never heard anyone argue that point. My feelings and potentially poor scholarship aside, I want to look more closely at Jesus’ words (John 12:31-33 ESV):

Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” He said this to show by what kind of death he was going to die [Table].

Here is the mind of Christ. I do like to put this in a little more perspicuous form.

The Mind of Christ

Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth (He said this to show by what kind of death he was going to die), will draw all people (πάντας) to myself.”

That Jesus will draw πάντας to Himself is either the judgment of this world or something so intimately associated with the judgment of this world that it is one of the next things that came to his mind. Now I admit, my religious mind has had many other ideas about the judgment of this world. Most, if not all, of them can be summed up with some negation of Jesus’ saying Iwill draw allto myself: I will not draw all to Myself; I will draw not all to Myself; I will draw some to Myself but not all.

I will draw all to Myself, is such a shock to my religious mind that if it followed directly after, Now is the judgment of this world, this might have been a speculative essay about how and when a negative particle was removed from the Greek of John 12:32. It is entirely possible, perhaps even likely, that Jesus will say, Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels,26 to my religious mind.

I will draw all to Myself, does not follow Now is the judgment of this world. [N]ow will the ruler of this world be cast out, falls between them. So again, that Jesus will draw πάντας to Himself is either the means by which the ruler of this world [will] be cast out or something so intimately associated with the means by which the ruler of this world [will] be cast out that it is the very next thought that came to his mind. And again, I admit, my religious mind has had many other ideas about how the ruler of this world [will] be cast out.

Though my religious mind never recognized any connection between now will the ruler of this world be cast out and I...will draw allto myself, once I hear it from the mind of Christ it is difficult to conceive of any better way to cast out the ruler of this world than to plunder all of his possessions, rather than some or a few of them. And that little taste of freedom from the domination of my religious mind serves as a bridge back to Now is the judgment of this world.

Suddenly, that Jesus will draw πάντας to Himself, that He will cause all to be born again (ἄνωθεν; NET: from above) by his own indwelling Holy Spirit sounds like the most scathing judgment of this world I could ever imagine. And this thought battles mightily against my religious mind’s tendency to demand that infinite mercy and infinite judgment be two entirely different things.

The irony here is that the carnal or fleshly mind hears the judgment in Jesus’ saying, You must be born again,27 and rejects it as hate speech. So, the carnal/fleshly mind rejects the mercy in Jesus’ judgment while my religious mind rejects the judgment in Jesus’ mercy, his promise to draw all to Himself.

In the Introduction to this blog I speculated that “the religious mind may be nothing more than a subspecies of the carnal mind (KJV) or the outlook of the flesh (NET).” Here they seem opposed to one another. What binds them together, however, and betrays their common origin is their design by the ruler of this world to keep us from abiding in Christ and to keep his words from abiding in us. Both are evidence of the ruler of this world’s domination over our hearts and minds.

It is perfectly just that Jesus say, Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels,28 to my religious mind. Only the mind of Christ endures. Paul wrote (1 Corinthians 2:6-16 ESV):

Yet among the mature we do impart wisdom, although it is not a wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are doomed to pass away. But we impart a secret and hidden wisdom of God, which God decreed before the ages for our glory. None of the rulers of this age understood this, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. But, as it is written,

“What no eye has seen, nor ear heard,
nor the heart of man imagined,
what God has prepared for those who love him”—29

these things God has revealed to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God. For who knows a person’s thoughts except the spirit of that person, which is in him? So also no one comprehends the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God [Table]. Now we have received not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might understand the things freely given us by God. And we impart this in words not taught by human wisdom but taught by the Spirit, interpreting spiritual truths to those who are spiritual [Table].

The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. The spiritual person judges all things,30 but is himself to be judged by no one. “For who has understood the mind of the Lord so as to instruct him?” But we have the mind of Christ.

To the extent that Christianity is a product of the religious mind, it is idolatry serving neither Christ nor those who would abide in Him.

According to a note (26) in the NET Matthew quoted from Hosea 11:1. The table below compares the relevant portions of the Greek of Matthew 2:15b to Hosea 11:1b in the Septuagint.

Matthew 2:15b (NET Parallel Greek)

Hosea 11:1b (Septuagint BLB) Table

Hosea 11:1b (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐξ Ἀιγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεκάλεσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεκάλεσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ

Matthew 2:15b (NET)

Hosea 11:1b (NETS)

Hosea 11:1b (English Elpenor)

I called my Son out of Egypt. out of Egypt I recalled his children out of Egypt have I called his children

It appears that Matthew made his own translation from Hebrew rather than quoting the Septuagint directly.

According to a note (12) in the NET Paul quoted from Isaiah 40:13. The table below compares the Greek of 1 Corinthians 2:16a to Isaiah 40:13 in the Septuagint.

1 Corinthians 2:16a (NET Parallel Greek)

Isaiah 40:13 (Septuagint BLB) Table

Isaiah 40:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὃς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου καὶ τίς αὐτοῦ σύμβουλος ἐγένετο ὃς συμβιβᾷ αὐτόν τίς ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίου, καὶ τίς αὐτοῦ σύμβουλος ἐγένετο, ὃς συμβιβᾷ αὐτόν

1 Corinthians 2:16a (NET)

Isaiah 40:13 (NETS)

Isaiah 40:13 (English Elpenor)

For who has known the mind of the Lord, so as to advise him? Who has known the mind of the Lord, and who has been his counselor to instruct him? Who has known the mind of the Lord? and who has been his counsellor, to instruct him?

The tables mentioned above follow.

Occurrences of πάντας in Matthew

Reference NET Parallel Greek ESV
Matthew 2:4 πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ all the chief priests and scribes of the people

This was further limited by:

(v. 1) παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα (v. 1) [they] came to Jerusalem
Matthew 2:16 πάντας τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ἐν Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῆς ἀπὸ διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω all the male children in Bethlehem and in all that region who were two years old or under
Matthew 4:24 πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις καὶ βασάνοις συνεχομένους [καὶ] δαιμονιζομένους καὶ σεληνιαζομένους καὶ παραλυτικούς all the sick, those afflicted with various diseases and pains, those oppressed by demons, those having seizures, and paralytics

This was further limited by:

ἀπῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν Συρίαν his fame spread throughout all Syria
Matthew 8:16 πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας all who were sick

This was further limited by:

προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ (v. 14) εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Πέτρου they brought to him (v. 14) [into] Peter’s house
Matthew 12:15 ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ [ὄχλοι] πολλοί, καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς πάντας many followed him, and he healed them all
Matthew 14:35 προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας they…brought to him all who were sick

This was further limited by:

(v. 34) ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν εἰς Γεννησαρέτ (v. 35) ἀπέστειλαν εἰς ὅλην τὴν περίχωρον (v. 34) they came to land at Gennesaret (v. 35) they sent around to all that region
Matthew 21:12 ἐξέβαλεν πάντας τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ [he] drove out all who sold and bought in the temple

This was further limited by:

(v. 10) εἰσελθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα (v. 10) he entered Jerusalem
Matthew 22:10 συνήγαγον πάντας οὓς εὗρον [they] gathered all whom they found

This was further limited by:

(v. 9) πορεύεσθε οὖν ἐπὶ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν (v. 9) Go therefore to the main roads
Matthew 26:1 πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους all these sayings

This was further limited by (Matthew 24:3-25:46):

(v. 24:3) Καθημένου δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους τῶν ἐλαιῶν As he sat on the Mount of Olives

Occurrences of πάντας in Mark

Reference NET Parallel Greek ESV
Mark 1:32 ἔφερον πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας καὶ τοὺς δαιμονιζομένους they brought to him all who were sick or oppressed by demons

This was further limited by:

(v. 29) ἦλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος καὶ Ἀνδρέου (v. 21) εἰσπορεύονται εἰς Καφαρναούμ (v. 29) he…entered the house of Simon and Andrew (v. 21) they went into Capernaum
Mark 2:12 ἐξίστασθαι πάντας they were all amazed

This was limited by:

(v. 1a) εἰσελθὼν πάλιν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ (v. 1b) ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν (v. 1a) he returned to Capernaum (v. 1b) he was at home
Mark 5:40 ἐκβαλὼν πάντας παραλαμβάνει he put them all outside

This was limited by:

κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ (v. 38) ἔρχονται εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου they laughed at him (v. 38) They came to the house of the ruler of the synagogue
Mark 6:39 ἐπέταξεν αὐτοῖς |ἀνακλῖναι| πάντας συμπόσια συμπόσια ἐπὶ τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ he commanded them all to sit down in groups on the green grass

This was limited by:

(v. 32) ἀπῆλθον…εἰς ἔρημον τόπον (v. 33) πεζῇ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων (v. 32) they went away…to a desolate place (v. 33) they ran there on foot from all the towns

Tables comparing Hosea 11:1; Exodus 34:6; 34:7 and Isaiah 40:13 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing Hosea 11:1; Exodus 34:6; 34:7 and Isaiah 40:13 in the BLB and Elpenor versions of the Septuagint with the English translations from Hebrew and Greek, and tables comparing the Greek of Matthew 2:16; 21:12; Mark 2:1, 2; 2:4, 5; 2:11, 12 and 1 Corinthians 2:15 in the NET and KJV follow.

Hosea 11:1 (Tanakh)

Hosea 11:1 (KJV)

Hosea 11:1 (NET)

When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt. When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt. “When Israel was a young man, I loved him like a son, and I summoned my son out of Egypt.

Hosea 11:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Hosea 11:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

(10:15b) ὄρθρου ἀπερρίφησαν ἀπερρίφη βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ (11:1) διότι νήπιος Ισραηλ καὶ ἐγὼ ἠγάπησα αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεκάλεσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ ΟΡΘΡΟΥ ἀπερρίφησαν, ἀπερρίφη βασιλεὺς ᾿Ισραήλ· ὅτι νήπιος ᾿Ισραήλ, καὶ ἐγὼ ἠγάπησα αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεκάλεσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ

Hosea 11:1 (NETS)

Hosea 11:1 (English Elpenor)

At dawn they were cast out; Israel’s king was cast out. For Israel was an infant, and I loved him, and out of Egypt I recalled his children. Early in the morning were they cast off, the king of Israel has been cast off: for Israel is a child, and I loved him, and out of Egypt have I called his children.

Exodus 34:6 (Tanakh)

Exodus 34:6 (KJV)

Exodus 34:6 (NET)

And HaShem passed by before him, and proclaimed: ‘The HaShem, HaShem, G-d, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth; And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness,

Exodus 34:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 34:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ παρῆλθεν κύριος πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος καὶ ἀληθινὸς καὶ παρῆλθε Κύριος πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκάλεσε· Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων, μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος καὶ ἀληθινός

Exodus 34:6 (NETS)

Exodus 34:6 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord passed by before his face, and he called, “The Lord, the Lord God is compassionate and merciful, patient and very merciful and truthful And the Lord passed by before his face, and proclaimed, The Lord God, pitiful and merciful, longsuffering and very compassionate, and true,

Exodus 34:7 (Tanakh)

Exodus 34:7 (KJV)

Exodus 34:7 (NET)

keeping mercy unto the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin; and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and unto the fourth generation.’ Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation. keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.”

Exodus 34:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 34:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ δικαιοσύνην διατηρῶν καὶ ποιῶν ἔλεος εἰς χιλιάδας ἀφαιρῶν ἀνομίας καὶ ἀδικίας καὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ οὐ καθαριεῗ τὸν ἔνοχον ἐπάγων ἀνομίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα καὶ ἐπὶ τέκνα τέκνων ἐπὶ τρίτην καὶ τετάρτην γενεάν καὶ δικαιοσύνην διατηρῶν καὶ ἔλεος εἰς χιλιάδας, ἀφαιρῶν ἀνομίας καὶ ἀδικίας καὶ ἁμαρτίας, καὶ οὐ καθαριεῖ τὸν ἔνοχον, ἐπάγων ἀνομίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα καὶ ἐπὶ τέκνα τέκνων, ἐπὶ τρίτην καὶ τετάρτην γενεάν

Exodus 34:7 (NETS)

Exodus 34:7 (English Elpenor)

and preserving righteousness and doing mercy for thousands, taking away acts of lawlessness and of injustice and sins, and he will not acquit the guilty person, bringing lawless acts of fathers upon children and upon children of children, upon the third and fourth generation.” and keeping justice and mercy for thousands, taking away iniquity, and unrighteousness, and sins; and he will not clear the guilty; bringing the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and to the children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.

Isaiah 40:13 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 40:13 (KJV)

Isaiah 40:13 (NET)

Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? Who comprehends the mind of the Lord, or gives him instruction as his counselor?

Isaiah 40:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 40:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου καὶ τίς αὐτοῦ σύμβουλος ἐγένετο ὃς συμβιβᾷ αὐτόν τίς ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίου, καὶ τίς αὐτοῦ σύμβουλος ἐγένετο, ὃς συμβιβᾷ αὐτόν

Isaiah 40:13 (NETS)

Isaiah 40:13 (English Elpenor)

Who has known the mind of the Lord, and who has been his counselor to instruct him? Who has known the mind of the Lord? and who has been his counsellor, to instruct him?

Matthew 2:16 (NET)

Matthew 2:16 (KJV)

When Herod saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, he became enraged. He sent men to kill all the children in Bethlehem and throughout the surrounding region from the age of two and under, according to the time he had learned from the wise men. Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.

Matthew 2:16 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 2:16 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 2:16 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Τότε Ἡρῴδης ἰδὼν ὅτι ἐνεπαίχθη ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων ἐθυμώθη λίαν, καὶ ἀποστείλας ἀνεῖλεν πάντας τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ἐν Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῆς ἀπὸ διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω, κατὰ τὸν χρόνον ὃν ἠκρίβωσεν παρὰ τῶν μάγων τοτε ηρωδης ιδων οτι ενεπαιχθη υπο των μαγων εθυμωθη λιαν και αποστειλας ανειλεν παντας τους παιδας τους εν βηθλεεμ και εν πασιν τοις οριοις αυτης απο διετους και κατωτερω κατα τον χρονον ον ηκριβωσεν παρα των μαγων τοτε ηρωδης ιδων οτι ενεπαιχθη υπο των μαγων εθυμωθη λιαν και αποστειλας ανειλεν παντας τους παιδας τους εν βηθλεεμ και εν πασιν τοις οριοις αυτης απο διετους και κατωτερω κατα τον χρονον ον ηκριβωσεν παρα των μαγων

Matthew 21:12 (NET)

Matthew 21:12 (KJV)

Then Jesus entered the temple area and drove out all those who were selling and buying in the temple courts and turned over the tables of the money changers and the chairs of those selling doves. And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves,

Matthew 21:12 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 21:12 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 21:12 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ ἐξέβαλεν πάντας τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, καὶ τὰς τραπέζας τῶν κολλυβιστῶν κατέστρεψεν καὶ τὰς καθέδρας τῶν πωλούντων τὰς περιστεράς και εισηλθεν ο ιησους εις το ιερον του θεου και εξεβαλεν παντας τους πωλουντας και αγοραζοντας εν τω ιερω και τας τραπεζας των κολλυβιστων κατεστρεψεν και τας καθεδρας των πωλουντων τας περιστερας και εισηλθεν ο ιησους εις το ιερον του θεου και εξεβαλεν παντας τους πωλουντας και αγοραζοντας εν τω ιερω και τας τραπεζας των κολλυβιστων κατεστρεψεν και τας καθεδρας των πωλουντων τας περιστερας

Mark 2:1, 2 (NET)

Mark 2:1, 2 (KJV)

Now after some days, when he returned to Capernaum, the news spread that he was at home. And again he entered into Capernaum after some days; and it was noised that he was in the house.

Mark 2:1 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:1 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:1 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Καὶ εἰσελθὼν πάλιν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ δι᾿ ἡμερῶν ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν και παλιν εισηλθεν εις καπερναουμ δι ημερων και ηκουσθη οτι εις οικον εστιν και εισηλθεν παλιν εις καπερναουμ δι ημερων και ηκουσθη οτι εις οικον εστιν
So many gathered that there was no longer any room, not even by the door, and he preached the word to them. And straightway many were gathered together, insomuch that there was no room to receive them, no, not so much as about the door: and he preached the word unto them.

Mark 2:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ συνήχθησαν πολλοὶ ὥστε μηκέτι χωρεῖν μηδὲ τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν, καὶ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον και ευθεως συνηχθησαν πολλοι ωστε μηκετι χωρειν μηδε τα προς την θυραν και ελαλει αυτοις τον λογον και ευθεως συνηχθησαν πολλοι ωστε μηκετι χωρειν μηδε τα προς την θυραν και ελαλει αυτοις τον λογον

Mark 2:4, 5 (NET)

Mark 2:4, 5 (KJV)

When they were not able to bring him in because of the crowd, they removed the roof above Jesus. Then, after tearing it out, they lowered the stretcher the paralytic was lying on. And when they could not come nigh unto him for the press, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed wherein the sick of the palsy lay.

Mark 2:4 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:4 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:4 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι προσενέγκαι αὐτῷ διὰ τὸν ὄχλον ἀπεστέγασαν τὴν στέγην ὅπου ἦν, καὶ ἐξορύξαντες χαλῶσι τὸν κράβαττον ὅπου ὁ παραλυτικὸς κατέκειτο και μη δυναμενοι προσεγγισαι αυτω δια τον οχλον απεστεγασαν την στεγην οπου ην και εξορυξαντες χαλωσιν τον κραββατον εφ ω ο παραλυτικος κατεκειτο και μη δυναμενοι προσεγγισαι αυτω δια τον οχλον απεστεγασαν την στεγην οπου ην και εξορυξαντες χαλωσιν τον κραββατον εφ ω ο παραλυτικος κατεκειτο
When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven.” When Jesus saw their faith, he said unto the sick of the palsy, Son, thy sins be forgiven thee.

Mark 2:5 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:5 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:5 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ· τέκνον, ἀφίενται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ιδων δε ο ιησους την πιστιν αυτων λεγει τω παραλυτικω τεκνον αφεωνται σοι αι αμαρτιαι σου ιδων δε ο ιησους την πιστιν αυτων λεγει τω παραλυτικω τεκνον αφεωνται σοι αι αμαρτιαι σου

Mark 2:11, 12 (NET)

Mark 2:11, 12 (KJV)

“I tell you, stand up, take your stretcher, and go home.” I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy bed, and go thy way into thine house.

Mark 2:11 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:11 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:11 (Byzantine Majority Text)

σοὶ λέγω, ἔγειρε ἆρον τὸν κράβαττον σου καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκον σου σοι λεγω εγειραι και αρον τον κραββατον σου και υπαγε εις τον οικον σου σοι λεγω εγειραι και αρον τον κραββατον σου και υπαγε εις τον οικον σου
And immediately the man stood up, took his stretcher, and went out in front of them all. They were all amazed and glorified God, saying, “We have never seen anything like this!” And immediately he arose, took up the bed, and went forth before them all; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, We never saw it on this fashion.

Mark 2:12 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 2:12 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 2:12 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἠγέρθη καὶ εὐθὺς ἄρας τὸν κράβαττον ἐξῆλθεν ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, ὥστε ἐξίστασθαι πάντας καὶ δοξάζειν τὸν θεὸν |λέγοντας| ὅτι οὕτως οὐδέποτε εἴδομεν και ηγερθη ευθεως και αρας τον κραββατον εξηλθεν εναντιον παντων ωστε εξιστασθαι παντας και δοξαζειν τον θεον λεγοντας οτι ουδεποτε ουτως ειδομεν και ηγερθη ευθεως και αρας τον κραββατον εξηλθεν εναντιον παντων ωστε εξιστασθαι παντας και δοξαζειν τον θεον λεγοντας οτι ουδεποτε ουτως ειδομεν

1 Corinthians 2:15 (NET)

1 Corinthians 2:15 (KJV)

The one who is spiritual discerns all things, yet he himself is understood by no one. But he that is spiritual judgeth all things, yet he himself is judged of no man.

1 Corinthians 2:15 (NET Parallel Greek)

1 Corinthians 2:15 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

1 Corinthians 2:15 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὁ δὲ πνευματικὸς ἀνακρίνει [τὰ] πάντα, αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπ᾿ οὐδενὸς ἀνακρίνεται ο δε πνευματικος ανακρινει μεν παντα αυτος δε υπ ουδενος ανακρινεται ο δε πνευματικος ανακρινει μεν παντα αυτος δε υπ ουδενος ανακρινεται

1 John 12:32 (ESV)

2 Possibly: “Edward D. Andrews (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored ninety-five books. Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).”

5 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

6 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had του θεου (KJV: of God) following temple. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

7 Matthew 21:10 (ESV)

8 John 12:32 (ESV)

13 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the conjunction και joining these clauses. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

14 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the verb οἴκῳ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the noun οικον (KJV: in the house).

15 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the adverb ευθεως (KJV: straightway) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

18 In the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 stretcher (KJV: bed) was spelled κράβαττον, and κραββατον in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

19 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ὅπου here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εφ ω (KJV: wherein).

22 In the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 stretcher (KJV: bed) was spelled κράβαττον, and κραββατον in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

24 In the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 stretcher (KJV: bed) was spelled κράβαττον, and κραββατον in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

26 Matthew 25:41b (ESV)

27 John 3:7b (ESV)

28 Matthew 25:41b (ESV)

29 See Table

30 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article τὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μεν (not translated in the KJV).