The Day of the Lord, Part 3

In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction ( υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).1 Now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having no bread2 after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”3

I’ve been working backwards from 2 Thessalonians 2:12. Here I’ll start with 2 Thessalonians 2:9 (NET).

The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,

The Greek words translated The arrival of the lawless one will be were οὗ ἐστιν παρουσία. I notice first that will be was not ἔσται in the future tense in Greek but ἐστιν in the present tense. The more problematic however is the translation of οὗ: of the lawless one. A note (18) in the NET acknowledged that οὗ…ἡ παρουσία is “whose coming,” but then simply asserted that whose was “referring to the lawless one.”

Paul’s introduction of the subject effectively designates the topics of his discussion (2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 NET):

Now regarding the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, not to be easily shaken from your composure or4 disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord5 is already here (ἐνέστηκεν, a form of ἐνίστημι). Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive (ἔλθῃ, a form of ἔρχομαι) until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness6 is revealed, the son of destruction.

Paul used the noun παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) to refer to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the verbs ἀποκαλυφθῇ, ἀποκαλυφθῆναι and ἀποκαλυφθήσεται (all forms of ἀποκαλύπτω) to refer to a time when the man of lawlessness is revealed. Here is the detail in a table.

our Lord Jesus Christ

the man of lawlessness

τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου |ἡμῶν| Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ

2 Thessalonians 2:1a (NET)

ἀποκαλυφθῇ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας the man of lawlessness is revealed

2 Thessalonians 2:3b (NET)

τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ |ἑαυτοῦ| καιρῷ he will be revealed in his own time

2 Thessalonians 2:6b (NET)

ὃν κύριοςκαταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ whom the Lord will…wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival

2 Thessalonians 2:8b (NET)

ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ἄνομος the lawless one will be revealed

2 Thessalonians 2:8a (NET)

After three occurrences of forms of ἀποκαλύπτω clearly referring to the lawless one to be revealed, and two occurrences of παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) clearly referring to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, it is difficult to see how the very next occurrence of παρουσία could be “referring to the lawless one.”7 But “the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is by Satan’s working” is not a particularly easy reading of the text. Still, I can grasp from it that Paul and the Holy Spirit posited some relationship between the “arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ” and ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ, Satan’s working (NET).

The preposition linking them is κατ᾿, by (NET). The root κατά8 can mean against: “The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is against Satan’s working.” The translation against occurs most often when κατ᾿ is followed by a pronoun in the genitive case (see Table below). Here κατ᾿ was followed by ἐνέργειαν, a noun in the accusative case (see Table below).

I found only one example of κατ᾿ translated against when followed by a word in the accusative case, and that was also a pronoun (Acts 27:14 KJV):

But not long after there arose against it (κατ αυτης) a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.

Still, the Koine Greek Lexicon is fairly clear:

With Acc:
Relational:
in regard to
matching something to something else, a relationship between one thing and another, a correspondence between two things, compatibility, congruity, symmetry, harmony
facing, across from, over against
under the surface of
throughout (a space or surface)
along (of extension in space)
according to

“The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is facing, across from, over against Satan’s working” with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.9 With this understanding of κατ᾿ I hear the echo of Paul’s insight into the Gospel: where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.10

As the passage continues it becomes clear that God exploits Satan’s working for his own purpose (2 Thessalonians 2:11, 12 NET).

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false [Table]. And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned [Table].

As I pointed out in another essay the Greek word translated will be condemned was not καταδικάσονται (a form of καταδικάζω) but κριθῶσιν (a form of κρίνω), “be judged.” And the judgment was clearly stated: God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

I’ll back up again (2 Thessalonians 2:8 NET):

and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy11 by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

The Greek words translated the lawless one (KJV: that Wicked) were ἄνομος, a singular adjective preceded by an article. This distinguishes ἄνομος from those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.12

Here is an example of the plural form of ἄνομος for contrast. Paul wrote about a group of people (1 Timothy 1:8-10 NET):

But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless (ἀνόμοις, a form of ἄνομος) and rebellious people, for the ungodly13 and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers14 or mothers,15 for murderers, sexually immoral people, practicing homosexuals, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching.

There were different outcomes stated for the lawless one and those who are perishing

the lawless one

those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved

will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET)

and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)

And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned (e.g., judged).

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET)

[T]he lawless one will be revealed (ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, a form of ἀποκαλύπτω). [T]he Lord will destroy [the lawless one] by the breath (KJV: spirit) of his mouth, which I assume means the words He speaks. The Greek word translated will destroy was ἀνελεῖ, a form of ἀναιρέω (NET parallel Greek text, NA28).16 And the Lord will wipe out (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the lawless one by the manifestation of his arrival. It seems worth noting that the first definition given for καταργέω is “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle.”

That has a hopeful sound for those who have believed what is false, those who are judged because they have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil. And here I may have the beginnings of an understanding why the translators felt obliged to make God’s purpose identical to Satan’s working and condemned them. I think it’s a limitation of the human mind.

We tend to bifurcate God in our minds into two distinct streams of activity. One stream is love and mercy. The other is vengeance and judgment. But God is One. Whether his activity is mercy or judgment, He is love and the course of these streams is set because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.17

Jesus said (John 12:31-33 NET):

Now is the judgment (κρίσις) of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die [Table].)

Here, I see the two streams of God’s activity converge into one in Christ. If I think that Jesus drawing all to Himself is too good, too merciful, to be true, I am immediately confronted by the fact that drawing all to Himself is the most thorough repudiation of the world He was sent to save, and save, not as it is but, as it will be through (δι᾿) Him.

I’ll back up again to learn when the lawless one will be revealed (2 Thessalonians 2:7 NET).

For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way,

The Greek word translated hidden power was μυστήριον. A note (15) in the NET explained the translators’ word choice.

Grk “the mystery of lawlessness.” In Paul “mystery” often means “revealed truth, something formerly hidden but now made widely known,” but that does not make sense with the verb of this clause (“to be at work, to be active”).

The Greek verb ἐνεργεῖται (a form of ἐνεργέω), translated at work, troubled them. The first definition of ἐνεργέω in the Koine Greek Lexicon is “to work, be at work, operate, be effective.” It seems an appropriate bookend to καταργήσει (a form of καταργέω) when the Lord returns “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle” the lawless one (and, presumably, this mystery of lawlessness, this hidden power) by the manifestation of his arrival.

[T]he one who holds him back was κατέχων, a participle of the verb κατέχω. I’ll back up two verses this time (2 Thessalonians 2:5, 6 NET).

Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. And so you know what holds him back (τὸ κατέχον, another participle of κατέχω), so that he will be revealed in his own time.

I’m really not seeing the issue the NET translators had with a mystery of lawlessness and a man of lawlessness that are partially revealed to those who heed Paul and still yet to be fully revealed at another later date. I’ll pick this up in another essay.

The two tables mentioned above follow:

Κατ᾿ + Gen

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 12:14 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Matthew 12:30 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me against me
Mark 3:6 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him N/A
Mark 14:56 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Mark 14:57 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Luke 11:23 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me against me
Luke 23:14 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut whereof…him him
John 19:11 κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut against me over me
Acts 16:22 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Acts 19:16 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Acts 25:3 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against Paul
Acts 25:15 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Acts 25:27 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him
Hebrews 6:13 κατ᾿ οὐδενὸς Adj: Gen Sing Masc/Neut by no by no one
James 5:9 κατ᾿ ἀλλήλων Reciprocal Pronoun Gen Plur MFN one against another against one another
2 Peter 2:11 κατ᾿ αὐτῶν Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN against them against them
Jude 1:15 κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut against him against him

Κατ᾿ + Acc

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 14:13 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 14:23 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart by himself
Matthew 17:1 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 17:19 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Matthew 20:17 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart aside privately
Matthew 24:3 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Mark 1:27 κατ᾿ ἐξουσίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem with authority with authority
Mark 4:34 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem when they were alone privately
Mark 6:31 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Mark 6:32 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately by themselves
Mark 7:33 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem aside aside privately
Mark 9:2 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem apart privately
Mark 9:28 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Mark 13:3 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 9:10 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 10:23 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Luke 10:33 κατ᾿ αὐτὸν Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc when he saw him where the injured man
John 7:24 κατ᾿ ὄψιν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the appearance according to external appearance
Acts 2:46 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc from house to house from house to house
Acts 5:42 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc in every house from house to house
Acts 12:1 Κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνον Demonstrative Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc about that about that
Acts 13:23 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to his promise just as he promised
Acts 14:23 κατ᾿ ἐκκλησίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem in every church in the various churches
Acts 20:20 κατ᾿ οἴκους Noun: Acc Plur Masc from house to house from house to house
Acts 23:19 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately privately
Acts 25:23 κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem principal the prominent
Acts 27:14 κατ᾿ αὐτῆς Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Fem against it from the island
Romans 1:15 τὸ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing as much as in me is N/A
Romans 9:11 κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to election in election
Romans 10:2 κατ᾿ ἐπίγνωσιν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to knowledge in line with the truth
Romans 11:5 κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the election chosen
Romans 16:5 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc is in…house in…house
Romans 16:26 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the commandment according to the command
1 Corinthians 7:6 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγήν Noun: Acc Sing Fem of commandment as a command
1 Corinthians 16:19 κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc that is in…house in…house
2 Corinthians 8:8 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem by commandment as a command
Galatians 2:2 κατ᾿ ἰδίαν Adj: Acc Sing Fem privately in a private meeting
Galatians 3:29 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the promise according to the promise
Ephesians 4:16 κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the effectual working N/A
Ephesians 6:6 κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν Acc Sing Fem with eyeservice like those who do their work only when someone is watching
Ephesians 6:21 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing my affairs about my circumstances
Philippians 1:12 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing the things which happened unto me my situation
Colossians 3:10 κατ᾿ εἰκόνα Noun: Acc Sing Fem after the image of him according to the image
Colossians 4:7 τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing my state the news about me
Colossians 4:15 τὴν κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc which is in…house that meets in…house
2 Thessalonians 2:9 κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem after the working by…working
1 Timothy 1:1 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem by the commandment by the command
1 Timothy 6:3 τῇ κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem which is according to godliness that accords with godliness
2 Timothy 1:1 κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the promise to further the promise
Titus 1:1 τῆς κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν Noun: Acc Sing Fem which is after godliness that is in keeping with godliness
Titus 1:3 κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the commandment according to the command
Titus 3:7 κατ᾿ ἐλπίδα Noun: Acc Sing Fem according to the hope with the confident expectation
Philemon 1:2 τῇ κατ᾿ οἶκον Noun: Acc Sing Masc in…house that meets in…house
Hebrews 1:10 κατ᾿ ἀρχάς Noun: Acc Plur Fem in the beginning in the beginning
Hebrews 9:25 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν Noun: Acc Sing Masc every year year after year
Hebrews 10:1 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν Noun: Acc Sing Masc year by year year after year
Hebrews 10:3 κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν Noun: Acc Sing Masc every year year after year

For completeness here are the rest of the tables I made in preparation for this essay.

Κατ᾿ + Nom / Acc

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Matthew 1:20 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:12 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:13 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:19 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 2:22 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream in a dream
Matthew 27:19 κατ᾿ ὄναρ Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut in a dream of a dream
Luke 2:41 κατ᾿ ἔτος Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut every year every year
John 10:3 κατ᾿ ὄνομα Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut by name by name
3 John 1:14 κατ᾿ ὄνομα Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut by name by name

Κατ᾿ + Dat

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Galatians 3:1 κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοὺς Noun: Dat Plur Masc before…eyes Before…eyes

Κατ᾿ + Verb Infin

Reference Greek Part of Speech KJV NET
Philippians 2:3 κατ᾿18 ἐριθείαν Verb: 2Aor Act Infin be done through strife of being motivated by selfish ambition

Tables comparing 2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3; 2:8 and 1 Timothy 1:9 in the NET and KJV follow.

2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (KJV)

not to be easily shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Stepanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾿ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾿ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου
Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction. Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον. ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (KJV)

and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος, ὃν ὁ κύριος ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ, και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET)

1 Timothy 1:9 (KJV)

realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers,

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET Parallel Greek)

1 Timothy 1:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

1 Timothy 1:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)

εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις, πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατραλωαις και μητραλωαις ανδροφονοις ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατρολωαις και μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις

1 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET)

2 Mark 8:16b (NET) Table

3 Mark 8:15b (NET)

7 NET note 18

8 Based on the examples I’ve considered, I would say that κατ᾿ is used when the word following it begins with a vowel.

9 2 Thessalonians 2:9b, 10 (NET)

10 Romans 5:20b, 21 (NET)

11 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀνελεῖ (a form of ἀναιρέω) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.

12 2 Thessalonians 2:10b (NET) Table

16 In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text the word was αναλωσει (KJV: shall consume), a form of ἀναλίσκω.

17 2 Peter 3:9b (NET) Table

18 KJV: κατὰ

The Day of the Lord, Part 2

In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction ( υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).1 Now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having no bread2 after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”3

Here I’ll begin with Paul’s conclusion to his discussion of ἀποκαλυφθῇ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, the revelation of the man of lawlessness (2 Thessalonians 2:12 NET):

And so all of them who have not believed the truth but4 have delighted in5 evil will be condemned.

This would be a very straightforward statement if the Greek word translated will be condemned (KJV: might be damned) was καταδικάσονται (a form of καταδικάζω). You have condemned (κατεδικάσατε, another form of καταδικάζω) and murdered the righteous person,6 James wrote of the rich. [T]he chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me about [Paul], Festus explained to King Agrippa, asking for a sentence of condemnation7 (καταδίκην, a form of καταδίκη) against him.8

The Greek word καταδίκη is the noun form of the verb καταδικάζω. Paul had clearly understood this καταδίκη as a sentence of death if convicted: If then I am in the wrong and have done anything that deserves death, I am not trying to escape dying, but if not one of their charges against me is true, no one can hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!9

Jesus used a form of the verb καταδικάζω in quite another way (Matthew 12:1-3a, 7 NET):

At that time Jesus went through the grain fields on a Sabbath. His disciples were hungry, and they began to pick heads of wheat and eat them. But when the Pharisees saw this they said10 to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is against the law to do on the Sabbath.” He said to them…

“If you had known what this means: ‘I want mercy11 and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent.”

Here the Pharisees’ stated their opinion that Jesus’ disciples’ behavior in Jesus’ presence was contrary to the law, and they implied that they or Jesus or someone ought to do something about it against Jesus’ disciples. Jesus characterized this as κατεδικάσατε (another form of καταδικάζω) τοὺς ἀναιτίους (NET: youhave condemned the innocent). I tell you that on the day of judgment, He said later, people will give an account for every worthless word they speak [Table]. For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned (καταδικασθήσῃ, another form of καταδικάζω).12

And finally, Jesus taught (Luke 6:35-37 NET):

…love your enemies, and do good, and lend,13 expecting nothing back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the14 Most High, because he is kind to ungrateful and evil people. Be merciful,15 just as your Father is merciful. Do not judge, and you will not be judged; do not condemn (καταδικάζετε, another form of καταδικάζω), and you will not be condemned (καταδικασθῆτε, another form of καταδικάζω); forgive, and you will be forgiven [Table].

In 2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET) the Greek word translated will be condemned was not καταδικάσονται or any other form of καταδικάζω. It was κριθῶσιν, a form of κρίνω. A note (25) in the NET acknowledged that the Greek is “be judged,” but added “in this context the term clearly refers to a judgment of condemnation.”

An entry in Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers on Bible Hub online reads:

That they all.—This is God’s purpose in making them believe the lie—“in order that, one and all, they might be judged.” He who desireth not the death of a sinner, now is said actually to lay plans with the intention of judging him: such are the bold self-contradictions of the Bible!

And Meyer’s NT Commentary on the same page reads:

ἵνα κριθῶσι] in order that they may be judged, i.e. according to the context, condemned.

It seems that context here refers to: the day of the Lord. Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer cited “The Church Fathers” approvingly: Irenaeus, Tertullian, Chrysostom, Cyril, Augustine, Theodoret, Theodorus Mopsuestius “and others.”16

They correctly agree in considering that by the advent (2 Thessalonians 2:1; 2 Thessalonians 2:8), or the day of the Lord (2 Thessalonians 2:2), is to be understood the personal advent of Christ for the last judgment and for the completion of the Messianic kingdom.

Given that Jesus said, do not condemn (καταδικάζετε, another form of καταδικάζω), and you will not be condemned (καταδικασθῆτε, another form of καταδικάζω),17 it seems more circumspect to understand the text as written: in order that they all may be judged who did not believe the truth, but took pleasure in wickedness.18 I realize that Jesus also said, Do not judge (κρίνετε, a form of κρίνω), and you will not be judged (κριθῆτε, another form of κρίνω),19 but κριθῶσιν (another form of κρίνω) is actually in the text.

Paul wrote of God’s judgment (not mine) on allwho did not believe the truth, but took pleasure in wickedness.20 If I hold to the text as written I believe I will knowthe only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom [He] sent.21 Now (δέ) this is eternal life,22 according to Jesus. If, on the other hand, I change κριθῶσιν to καταδικάσονται or understand κριθῶσιν as if it were καταδικάσονται, that’s on me: Then I have condemned those whom God judged.

Though I called 2 Thessalonians 2:12 “Paul’s conclusion,” And so (NET) and in order that (NASB) were translations of the Greek word ἵνα. This is a result clause. And κριθῶσιν, will be condemned (NET) or may be judged (NASB), is a verb in the subjunctive mood “in a purpose or result clause, [so] the action should not be thought of as a possible result, but should be viewed as a definite outcome that will happen as a result of another stated action.” What is that other stated action?

God sends23 on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.24 Once my mind is swept clean of the notion that κριθῶσιν was a euphemism for Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels,25 it becomes much clearer that God’s judgment on all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil26 is to send on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false. Here again this is a judgment, not necessarily THE judgment.

This judgment doesn’t preclude Jesus’ promise to draw all to Himself. On the contrary it could be instrumental to that drawing. When people believe what is false, they create a social situation like the one in which we currently live. Are there many among us not seeking some different way to live? The Greek words translated deluding influence were ἐνέργειαν πλάνης (a form of πλάνη). One of the meanings of πλάνη in the Koine Greek Lexicon online is “a wandering, roaming.” One might say that God’s judgment is a God-given energy to wander.

The Greek word translated so that was εἰς. And they will believe was πιστεῦσαι, an infinitive (to trust) of πιστεύω in the aorist tense, rather than πιστεύσουσι(ν) in the future tense. The entire clause began with καὶ διὰ τοῦτο, translated Consequently (NET), or And for this reason (NASB 1977, Legacy Standard Bible).

So, the them on whom God sends a deluding influence (a God-given energy to wander) are those who are perishing,27 because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.28 A note (21) in the NET acknowledged that they found no place in their hearts for the truth was “they did not accept (ἐδέξαντο, a form of δέχομαι) the love of the truth” in Greek. This is already at least round two of Jesus’ drawing: the love of the truth was offered but not “receive[d] approvingly.”

Apart from the God-given energy to wander I might have spent my entire life here, hanging around a church, not quite believing Jesus or the Bible, conning myself that I did. The God-given energy to wander, and then to trust what was false was at least a faith. Part of what is false that I believed was that faith was bad, only knowledge was good.

It took some time and experimentation to realize that disbelieving Jesus and the Bible wasn’t the result of some superior knowledge. It wasn’t even unbelief in any absolute sense of not faith. It was simply faith in something less than Jesus and the Bible. When the Lord brought me back from that particular foray into what is false, I returned almost unwittingly with a new theme song but certainly with a new and lifelong motivation to not be fooled again.

The Greek word translated are perishing was ἀπολλυμένοις, a middle/passive participle of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω in the present tense. This might have been translated “to be lost,” one of the possible meanings of the middle voiceIn other words, God’s judgment, a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false29 came on “those who are presently lost because they did not accept the love of the truth.” But even if our gospel is veiled, Paul wrote the Corinthians, it is veiled only to those who are perishing (ἀπολλυμένοις, a form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω; KJV: are lost, presently), among whom the god of this age has blinded the minds of those who do not believe so they would not see30 the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God.31

The interchangeability of are perishing and are lost is apparent in Jesus’ parable (Luke 15:4 NET):

Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses (ἀπολέσας, another form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω) one of them, would not leave the ninety-nine32 in the open pasture and go look for the one that is lost (ἀπολωλὸς, another form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω) until he finds it?

Here is none of the false counsel given to Little Bo Peep in the nursery rhyme. Jesus (and his listeners apparently) knew that a lost sheep was a sheep in danger of perishing. It isn’t necessary to believe in “bold self-contradictions of the Bible.”33 The language as written allows one to believe that Christ, who is the image of God, came to seek and to save the lost (ἀπολωλός)34 or perishing.

These lost are them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth (ἀληθείας, a form of ἀλήθεια), that they might be saved.35 Set them apart in the truth (ἀληθείᾳ), Jesus prayed to his Father, your word is truth (ἀλήθεια).36 The Greek words translated your word were λόγοςσὸς. This is the Bible, both Old and New Testaments, yet in the context of John’s Gospel account ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς is also Jesus Himself (Hebrews 1:1-3 NET):

After God spoke long ago in various portions and in various ways to our ancestors through the prophets, in these last37 days he has spoken to us in a son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom he created the world (τοὺς αἰῶνας; literally: the ages38). The Son is the radiance of his glory and the representation of his essence, and he sustains all things by his powerful word (ρήματι, a form of ῥῆμα), and so when he had39 accomplished cleansing for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.

Meyer’s NT Commentary reads:

The truth is the Christian truth, and the unbelief, shown against it, is the consequence of the love for the truth in general being wanting (2 Thessalonians 2:10).

I’m unsure what the author meant by Christian, so I’ll highlight what I am sure Paul did not mean by truth; namely, the squabbling of those who profess Christ. Here is Meyer’s NT Commentary again:

The view of the Fathers remained in the following ages the prevalent one in the Christian church. It was necessary, however, partially to change and transform it, the relation of Christianity to the Roman state having altered, as the Christian church, instead of being exposed to renewed hostilities from the secular power, had obtained the sovereignty of the state, and, penetrating larger portions of the world, represented itself as the kingdom of God on earth, and an imposing hierarchy was placed at its head. Whilst, accordingly, the idea of the advent stepped more and more into the background in the church generally, and especially with the hierarchy, on the other hand, those who had placed themselves in opposition to the hierarchy believed themselves obliged to apply to it the description of the apostle, as well as the figures in the Apocalypse of St. John. Thus arose—whilst the early view concerning the παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου was held with only the modification that its entrance was to be expected in the distant future—the view, first in the eleventh century, that the establishment and growing power of the Papacy is to be considered as the Antichrist predicted by Paul…

In the presence of such polemics used against them, the Catholics are certainly not to be blamed that in retaliation they interpreted ἀποστασία as the defection from the Roman church and from the pope, and Antichrist as the heretics, especially Luther and the evangelical church.

I’ll pick this up in another essay.

According to a note (11) in the NET Jesus quoted from Hosea 6:6 in Matthew 12:7. A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation with that of the Septuagint follows.

Matthew 12:7b (NET Parallel Greek)

Hosea 6:6a (Septuagint BLB)

Hosea 6:6a (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν

Matthew 12:7b (NET)

Hosea 6:6a (NETS)

Hosea 6:6a (English Elpenor)

I want mercy and not sacrifice I want mercy and not sacrifice I will [have] mercy rather than sacrifice

According to a note (9) in the NET Hebrews 1:3b was an allusion to Psalm 110:1. A table comparing the Greek of Hebrews 1:3b with that of the Septuagint follows.

Hebrews 1:3b (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 110:1b (Septuagint BLB) Table

Psalm 110:1b (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου

Hebrews 1:3b (NET)

Psalm 110:1b (NETS)

Psalm 110:1b (English Elpenor)

he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high Sit on my right hand Sit thou on my right hand

Tables comparing Hosea 6:6 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and the Greek of Hosea 6:6 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing 2 Thessalonians 2:12; Acts 25:15; Matthew 12:2, 3; 12:7; Luke 6:35, 36; 2 Thessalonians 2:11; 2:10; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Luke 15:4 and Hebrews 1:1-3 in the NET and KJV follow.

Hosea 6:6 (Tanakh)

Hosea 6:6 (KJV)

Hosea 6:6 (NET)

For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings. For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings. For I delight in faithfulness, not simply in sacrifice; I delight in acknowledging God, not simply in whole burnt offerings.

Hosea 6:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Hosea 6:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διότι ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν θεοῦ ἢ ὁλοκαυτώματα διότι ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν Θεοῦ ἢ ὁλοκαυτώματα

Hosea 6:6 (NETS)

Hosea 6:6 (English Elpenor)

For I want mercy and not sacrifice, and knowledge of God rather than whole burnt offerings. For I will [have] mercy rather than sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than whole-burnt-offerings.

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (KJV)

And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned. That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἵνα κριθῶσιν πάντες οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἀλλὰ εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ ινα κριθωσιν παντες οι μη πιστευσαντες τη αληθεια αλλ ευδοκησαντες εν τη αδικια ινα κριθωσιν παντες οι μη πιστευσαντες τη αληθεια αλλ ευδοκησαντες εν τη αδικια

Acts 25:15 (NET)

Acts 25:15 (KJV)

When I was in Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me about him, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him. About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

Acts 25:15 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 25:15 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 25:15 (Byzantine Majority Text)

περὶ οὗ γενομένου μου εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐνεφάνισαν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τῶν Ἰουδαίων αἰτούμενοι κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην περι ου γενομενου μου εις ιεροσολυμα ενεφανισαν οι αρχιερεις και οι πρεσβυτεροι των ιουδαιων αιτουμενοι κατ αυτου δικην περι ου γενομενου μου εις ιεροσολυμα ενεφανισαν οι αρχιερεις και οι πρεσβυτεροι των ιουδαιων αιτουμενοι κατ αυτου δικην

Matthew 12:2, 3 (NET)

Matthew 12:2, 3 (KJV)

But when the Pharisees saw this they said to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is against the law to do on the Sabbath.” But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.

Matthew 12:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 12:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 12:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι ἰδόντες εἶπαν αὐτῷ· ἰδοὺ οἱ μαθηταί σου ποιοῦσιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν ποιεῖν ἐν σαββάτῳ οι δε φαρισαιοι ιδοντες ειπον αυτω ιδου οι μαθηται σου ποιουσιν ο ουκ εξεστιν ποιειν εν σαββατω οι δε φαρισαιοι ιδοντες ειπον αυτω ιδου οι μαθηται σου ποιουσιν ο ουκ εξεστιν ποιειν εν σαββατω
He said to them, “Haven’t you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry— But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;

Matthew 12:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 12:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 12:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ουκ ανεγνωτε τι εποιησεν δαβιδ οτε επεινασεν αυτος και οι μετ αυτου ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ουκ ανεγνωτε τι εποιησεν δαυιδ οτε επεινασεν αυτος και οι μετ αυτου

Matthew 12:7 (NET)

Matthew 12:7 (KJV)

If you had known what this means: ‘I want mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent. But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.

Matthew 12:7 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 12:7 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 12:7 (Byzantine Majority Text)

εἰ δὲ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν· ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε τοὺς ἀναιτίους ει δε εγνωκειτε τι εστιν ελεον θελω και ου θυσιαν ουκ αν κατεδικασατε τους αναιτιους ει δε εγνωκειτε τι εστιν ελεον θελω και ου θυσιαν ουκ αν κατεδικασατε τους αναιτιους

Luke 6:35, 36 (NET)

Luke 6:35, 36 (KJV)

But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, because he is kind to ungrateful and evil people. But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil.

Luke 6:35 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 6:35 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 6:35 (Byzantine Majority Text)

πλὴν ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ ἀγαθοποιεῖτε καὶ δανίζετε μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες· καὶ ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς, καὶ ἔσεσθε υἱοὶ ὑψίστου, ὅτι αὐτὸς χρηστός ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς πλην αγαπατε τους εχθρους υμων και αγαθοποιειτε και δανειζετε μηδεν απελπιζοντες και εσται ο μισθος υμων πολυς και εσεσθε υιοι του υψιστου οτι αυτος χρηστος εστιν επι τους αχαριστους και πονηρους πλην αγαπατε τους εχθρους υμων και αγαθοποιειτε και δανειζετε μηδεν απελπιζοντες και εσται ο μισθος υμων πολυς και εσεσθε υιοι υψιστου οτι αυτος χρηστος εστιν επι τους αχαριστους και πονηρους

Luke 6:36 (NET)

Luke 6:36 (KJV)

Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful. Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful.

Luke 6:36 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 6:36 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 6:36 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Γίνεσθε οἰκτίρμονες καθὼς [καὶ] ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν οἰκτίρμων ἐστίν γινεσθε ουν οικτιρμονες καθως και ο πατηρ υμων οικτιρμων εστιν γινεσθε ουν οικτιρμονες καθως και ο πατηρ υμων οικτιρμων εστιν

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (KJV)

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πέμπει αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης εἰς τὸ πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ ψεύδει και δια τουτο πεμψει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει και δια τουτο πεμψει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει

2 Thessalonians 2:10 (NET)

2 Thessalonians 2:10 (KJV)

and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved. And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.

2 Thessalonians 2:10 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Thessalonians 2:10 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Thessalonians 2:10 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ἐν πάσῃ ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις, ἀνθ᾿ ὧν τὴν ἀγάπην τῆς ἀληθείας οὐκ ἐδέξαντο εἰς τὸ σωθῆναι αὐτούς και εν παση απατη της αδικιας εν τοις απολλυμενοις ανθ ων την αγαπην της αληθειας ουκ εδεξαντο εις το σωθηναι αυτους και εν παση απατη της αδικιας εν τοις απολλυμενοις ανθ ων την αγαπην της αληθειας ουκ εδεξαντο εις το σωθηναι αυτους

2 Corinthians 4:4 (NET)

2 Corinthians 4:4 (KJV)

among whom the god of this age has blinded the minds of those who do not believe so they would not see the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God. In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.

2 Corinthians 4:4 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Corinthians 4:4 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Corinthians 4:4 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἐν οἷς ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων εἰς τὸ μὴ αὐγάσαι τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δόξης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ εν οις ο θεος του αιωνος τουτου ετυφλωσεν τα νοηματα των απιστων εις το μη αυγασαι αυτοις τον φωτισμον του ευαγγελιου της δοξης του χριστου ος εστιν εικων του θεου εν οις ο θεος του αιωνος τουτου ετυφλωσεν τα νοηματα των απιστων εις το μη αυγασαι αυτοις τον φωτισμον του ευαγγελιου της δοξης του χριστου ος εστιν εικων του θεου

Luke 15:4 (NET)

Luke 15:4 (KJV)

“Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, would not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go look for the one that is lost until he finds it? What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?

Luke 15:4 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 15:4 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 15:4 (Byzantine Majority Text)

τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα καὶ ἀπολέσας ἐξ αὐτῶν ἓν οὐ καταλείπει τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τὸ ἀπολωλὸς ἕως εὕρῃ αὐτό τις ανθρωπος εξ υμων εχων εκατον προβατα και απολεσας εν εξ αυτων ου καταλειπει τα εννενηκονταεννεα εν τη ερημω και πορευεται επι το απολωλος εως ευρη αυτο τις ανθρωπος εξ υμων εχων εκατον προβατα και απολεσας εν εξ αυτων ου καταλειπει τα ενενηκοντα εννεα εν τη ερημω και πορευεται επι το απολωλος εως ευρη αυτο

Hebrews 1:1-3 (NET)

Hebrews 1:1-3 (KJV)

After God spoke long ago in various portions and in various ways to our ancestors through the prophets, God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,

Hebrews 1:1 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 1:1 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 1:1 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας τοῖς πατράσιν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις [see verse 2] πολυμερως και πολυτροπως παλαι ο θεος λαλησας τοις πατρασιν εν τοις προφηταις [see verse 2] πολυμερως και πολυτροπως παλαι ο θεος λαλησας τοις πατρασιν εν τοις προφηταις επ εσχατου των ημερων τουτων ελαλησεν ημιν εν υιω
in these last days he has spoken to us in a son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom he created the world. Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;

Hebrews 1:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 1:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 1:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ, ὃν ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων, δι᾿ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας επ εσχατων των ημερων τουτων ελαλησεν ημιν εν υιω ον εθηκεν κληρονομον παντων δι ου και τους αιωνας εποιησεν [see verse 1] ον εθηκεν κληρονομον παντων δι ου και τους αιωνας εποιησεν
The Son is the radiance of his glory and the representation of his essence, and he sustains all things by his powerful word, and so when he had accomplished cleansing for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high. Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

Hebrews 1:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 1:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 1:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ρήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς ος ων απαυγασμα της δοξης και χαρακτηρ της υποστασεως αυτου φερων τε τα παντα τω ρηματι της δυναμεως αυτου δι εαυτου καθαρισμον ποιησαμενος των αμαρτιων ημων εκαθισεν εν δεξια της μεγαλωσυνης εν υψηλοις ος ων απαυγασμα της δοξης και χαρακτηρ της υποστασεως αυτου φερων τε τα παντα τω ρηματι της δυναμεως αυτου δι εαυτου καθαρισμον ποιησαμενος των αμαρτιων ημων εκαθισεν εν δεξια της μεγαλωσυνης εν υψηλοις

1 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET)

2 Mark 8:16b (NET) Table

3 Mark 8:15b (NET)

6 James 5:6a (NET)

8 Acts 25:15b (NET)

9 Acts 25:11 (NET)

11 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the neuter noun ἔλεος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the masculine noun ελεον.

12 Matthew 12:36, 37 (NET)

14 The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article του preceding Most High (KJV: Highest). The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

15 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουν (KJV: therefore) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

17 Luke 6:37b (NET) Table

19 Luke 6:37a (NET) Table

20 2 Thessalonians 2:12b (NASB 1995, NASB 1977, Legacy Standard Bible)

21 John 17:3b (NET)

22 John 17:3a (NET)

23 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had πέμπει here in the present tense, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πεμψει (KJV: shall send) in the future tense.

24 2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET)

25 Matthew 25:41b (NET)

26 2 Thessalonians 2:12a (NET)

27 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν (KJV: in) preceding perishing (KJV: them that perish). The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

28 2 Thessalonians 2:10b (NET)

29 2 Thessalonians 2:11b (NET)

30 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτοις (KJV: unto them) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

31 2 Corinthians 4:3, 4 (NET)

34 Luke 19:10b (NET)

35 2 Thessalonians 2:10b (KJV)

36 John 17:17 (NET) Table

37 The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐσχάτου here, a singular form of ἔσχατος, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had εσχατων, a plural form.

38 According to a note (6) in the NET: “Grk ‘the ages.’ The temporal (ages) came to be used of the spatial (what exists in those time periods). See Heb 11:3 for the same usage.”

39 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δι εαυτου (KJV: by himself) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.