Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 8

This is a continuation of a consideration of the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, a translation of the Hebrew before Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah.  The final clause of the first verse under consideration follows:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 53:10d (NET) Isaiah 53:10d (NETS)

Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English)

and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand (בְּיָד֥וֹ). and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him (yāḏ, בידו). And the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν) the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from

I had begun to consider other occurrences of forms ἀφαιρέω (Table) in Isaiah to get a feel for any potential relationship between ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) and בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ).  Three of those occurrences also contain forms of יָד (yāḏ).  In the first under consideration יָדִי֙ was translated with a form of χείρ.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 1:25 (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 1:25 (NET) Isaiah 1:25 (NETS)

Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor English)

And I will turn my hand (יָדִי֙) upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away (וְאָסִ֖ירָה) all thy tin: I will attack you [Note 66: “turn my hand (yad, ידי) against you”]; I will purify your metal with flux.  I will remove (sûr, ואסירה) all your slag. And I will turn my hand (τὴν χεῗρά μου) against you and will burn you to bring about purity.  But the disobedient I will destroy, and I will remove (ἀφελῶ) from you all the lawless and humble all who are arrogant. And I will bring my hand (τὴν χεῖρά μου) upon thee, and purge thee completely, and I will destroy the rebellious, and will take away (ἀφελῶ) from thee all transgressors.

What stands out here are the two clauses in the Septuagint which are no longer found in the Masoretic text:

Isaiah 1:25 (Septuagint BLB) Isaiah 1:25 (NETS) Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor)

Isaiah 1:25 (Elpenor English)

τοὺς δὲ ἀπειθοῦντας ἀπολέσω But the disobedient I will destroy, τοὺς δὲ ἀπειθοῦντας ἀπολέσω and I will destroy the rebellious,
καὶ πάντας ὑπερηφάνους ταπεινώσω and humble all who are arrogant. καὶ πάντας ὑπηφάνους ταπεινώσω n/a

I considered the first of these clauses in another essay.  The second clause had ὑπερηφάνους (a form of ὑπερήφανος) in the BLB Septuagint translated who are arrogant, and ὑπηφάνους in the Elpenor Septuagint where the clause was not translated into English.  I didn’t find ὑπηφάνους listed in the Koine Greek Lexicon I’ve been using either.  It is found, however, in the Old Testament Septuagint on The Orthodox Pages online, translated the proud, and the clause reads: and humble all the proud.

He has demonstrated power with his arm; he has scattered those whose pride wells up (ὑπερηφάνους, a form of ὑπερήφανος) from the sheer arrogance of their hearts,[1] Mary said.  Paul included ὑπερηφάνους (arrogant) in a list describing those who had been given over to a depraved mind because they did not see fit to acknowledge God,[2] and in another list describing people Timothy should avoid.[3]  Both James and Peter quoted the proverb, God opposes the proud (ὑπερηφάνοις, another form of ὑπερήφανος), but he gives grace to the humble.[4]

So God will turn [his] hand (τὴν χεῗρά μου) against (ἐπὶ) youand humble all who are arrogant[5] so that He may give grace to the humble, those who were formerly arrogant.  It is better to be humbled by God than by someone less loving, less kind, less gentle.  Given my background I think even the rebellious—and I will destroy the rebellious—should prefer to be destroyed by God lest their ignorance and unbelief keep them fleeing from Him in terror: The person who does not love does not know God because God is love.[6]

My own experience of his love led to the following insight:

Now I realize that Dan the atheist who did not hear Jesus was destroyed and thus removed from the people only to be replaced by Dan the believer who hears Jesus and lives to know Him better.

Peter the ignorant unbeliever who denied even knowing the crucified Christ was also destroyed and thus removed from the people only to be replaced by Peter the Apostle who proclaimed this Gospel message (Acts 3:11-26) to all who would hear.[7]

I willpurely purge away thy dross (Tanakh) seems to be a metaphor unpacked in the Septuagint: Iwill burn you to bring about purity (BLB), I willpurge thee completely (Elpenor).  The Greek word translated will burn was πυρώσω (a form of πυρόω).  Peter wrote (2 Peter 3:10-13 NET):

But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze, and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare.  Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness [Table], while waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God?  Because of this day, the heavens will be burned up (πυρούμενοι, another form of πυρόω) and dissolve, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze!  But, according to his promise, we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.

One of the meanings of πυρόω is “to test by fire; be fire-tested.”  Peter chose a related noun πυρώσει (a form of πύρωσις) when he wrote: Dear friends, do not be astonished that a trial (πειρασμὸν, a form of πειρασμός) by fire (πυρώσει, a form of πύρωσις) is occurring among you, as though something strange were happening to you.[8]  As he had written earlier (1 Peter 1:6, 7 NET):

This brings you great joy, although you may have to[9] suffer for a short time in various trials (πειρασμοῖς, another form of πειρασμός).  Such trials show the proven character of your faith, which is much more valuable[10] than gold—gold that is tested by fire, even though it is passing away—and will bring praise and glory[11] and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.

I willtake away (וְאָסִ֖ירָה) all thy tin (Tanakh) also seems like a metaphor explained in the Septuagint: I will remove (ἀφελῶ) from you all the lawless (NETS), Iwill take away (ἀφελῶ) from thee all transgressors (English Elpenor).  The Greek word translated lawless and transgressors was ἀνόμους (a form of ἄνομος).  I tell you, Jesus told his disciples, that this scripture must[12] be fulfilled in me, ‘And he was counted with the transgressors (ἀνόμων, another form of ἄνομος).’  For what is written about[13] me is being fulfilled.[14]

I grow more and more impatient for Jesus to remove the lawless old human, to take away that transgressor from me, since my own efforts to lay aside (ἀποθέσθαι, a form of ἀποτίθημι) the (τὸν, a form of ) old (παλαιὸν, a form of παλαιός) man (ἄνθρωπον, a form of ἄνθρωπος) are a daily stopgap at best (Ephesians 4:22-24 NET).

You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires, to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and to put on the new man who has been created in God’s image—in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth.

All in all, I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin[15] sounds like something anyone who loves the Lord would want and appreciate, if dross and tin are understood as the sin and ungodliness within us.  To hear: I will turn my hand against you and will burn you to bring about purity.  But the disobedient I will destroy, and I will remove from you all the lawless and humble all who are arrogant[16] with the same sense of desirability and appreciation may require more daily experience of Christ’s death and resurrection.  Jesus said (Luke 9:23, 24 NET):

If anyone wants to become[17] my follower, he must deny[18] himself, take up his cross daily,[19] and follow me.  For whoever[20] wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life because of me will save it.

This may help explain why so much of this verse is missing from the Masoretic text.  I’ll take another look at Isaiah 10:13 next.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 10:13 (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 10:13 (NET) Isaiah 10:13, 14a (NETS)

Isaiah 10:13, 14a (Elpenor English)

For he saith, By the strength of my hand (יָדִי֙) I have done it, and by my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed (וְאָסִ֣יר) the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant man: For [the King of Assyria] says: “By my strong hand (yad, ידי) I have accomplished this, by my strategy that I devised.  I invaded the territory of nations [Note 26: “removed (sûr, ואסיר) the borders of nations”] and looted their storehouses.  Like a mighty conqueror, I brought down rulers. For he said: “By my strength I will do it, and by the wisdom of my understanding I will remove (ἀφελῶ) the boundaries of nations, and I will plunder their strength. (14) And I will shake inhabited cities For he said, I will act in strength, and in the wisdom of [my] understanding I will remove (ἀφελῶ) the boundaries of nations, and will spoil their strength. (14) And I will shake the inhabited cities:

Here is one more example of a form of יָד (yad) and a form of ἀφαιρέω occurring in the same verse in Isaiah.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 20:2 (Tanakh) Table Isaiah 20:2 (NET) Isaiah 20:2 (NETS)

Isaiah 20:2 (Elpenor English)

At the same time spake the LORD by (בְּיַד) Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose (וּפִתַּחְתָּ֚) the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot.  And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. At that time the Lord announced through (yad, ביד) [Note 2: “spoke by the hand of”] Isaiah son of Amoz: “Go, remove (pāṯaḥ,  ופתחת) the sackcloth from your waist and take your sandals off your feet.”  He did as instructed and walked around in undergarments and barefoot. then the Lord spoke to (πρὸς) Esaias, saying, “Go, and take off (ἄφελε) the sackcloth from your loins, and untie your sandals off your feet,” and he did so, walking naked and barefoot. then the Lord spoke to (πρὸς) Esaias the son of Amos, saying, Go and take the sackcloth off (ἄφελε) thy loins, and loose thy sandals from off thy feet, and do thus, going naked and barefoot.

In the first example יָדִי֙ (yad) was translated τὴν χεῖρά μου and וְאָסִ֖ירָה (sûr) was translated ἀφελῶ (a form of ἀφαιρέω).  In the second example יָדִי֙ (yad), if it occurred in the manuscript the rabbis used, was not translated at all and וְאָסִ֣יר (sûr) was translated ἀφελῶ (a form of ἀφαιρέω) again.  Here, בְּיַד (yad) may have been translated πρὸς and וּפִתַּחְתָּ֚ (pāṯaḥ) was translated ἄφελε (a form of ἀφαιρέω).  None of these examples leads me to a conclusion that בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ) was translated ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the last clause of Isaiah 53:10.

I’ll continue to consider examples of forms of ἀφαιρέω in Isaiah in another essay.

According to a note (9) in the NET James 4:6 is a quotation of Proverbs 3:34.  A table comparing the Greek of James’ quotation with that of the Septuagint follows:

James 4:6b (NET Parallel Greek)

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint BLB)

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)

θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται ταπεινοῗς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν Κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν

James 4:6b (NET)

Proverbs 3:34 (NETS)

Proverbs 3:34 (English Elpenor)

God opposes the proud, but he gives grace to the humble. The Lord resists the arrogant, but gives grace to the humble. The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble.

According to a note (9) in the NET 1 Peter 5:5 is a quotation of Proverbs 3:34.  A table comparing the Greek of Peter’s quotation with that of the Septuagint follows:

1 Peter 5:5b (NET Parallel Greek)

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint BLB)

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[] θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται ταπεινοῗς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν Κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν

1 Peter 5:5b (NET)

Proverbs 3:34 (NETS)

Proverbs 3:34 (English Elpenor)

God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. The Lord resists the arrogant, but gives grace to the humble. The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble.

According to a note (98) in the NET Luke 22:37 is a quotation of Isaiah 53:12.  A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation with that of the Septuagint follows:

Luke 22:37b (NET Parallel Greek)

Isaiah 53:12d (Septuagint BLB) Table

Isaiah 53:12d (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη καὶ ἐν τοῗς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη

Luke 22:37b (NET)

Isaiah 53:12d (NETS)

Isaiah 53:12d (English Elpenor)

And he was counted with the transgressors. and he was reckoned among the lawless and he was numbered among the transgressors

Tables comparing Proverbs 3:34 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Proverbs 3:34 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing 1 Peter 5:5; 1:6, 7; Luke 22:37 and 9:23, 24 in the NET and KJV follow.

Proverbs 3:34 (Tanakh)

Proverbs 3:34 (KJV)

Proverbs 3:34 (NET)

Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly. Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly. With arrogant scoffers he is scornful, yet he shows favor to the humble.

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint BLB)

Proverbs 3:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται ταπεινοῗς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν Κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν

Proverbs 3:34 (NETS)

Proverbs 3:34 (English Elpenor)

The Lord resists the arrogant, but gives grace to the humble. The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble.

1 Peter 5:5 (NET)

1 Peter 5:5 (KJV)

In the same way, you who are younger, be subject to the elders.  And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder.  Yea, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ὁμοίως, νεώτεροι, ὑποτάγητε πρεσβυτέροις· πάντες δὲ ἀλλήλοις τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε, ὅτι [ὁ] θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν ομοιως νεωτεροι υποταγητε πρεσβυτεροις παντες δε αλληλοις υποτασσομενοι την ταπεινοφροσυνην εγκομβωσασθε οτι ο θεος υπερηφανοις αντιτασσεται ταπεινοις δε διδωσιν χαριν ομοιως νεωτεροι υποταγητε πρεσβυτεροις παντες δε αλληλοις υποτασσομενοι την ταπεινοφροσυνην εγκομβωσασθε οτι ο θεος υπερηφανοις αντιτασσεται ταπεινοις δε διδωσιν χαριν

1 Peter 1:6, 7 (NET)

1 Peter 1:6, 7 (KJV)

This brings you great joy, although you may have to suffer for a short time in various trials. Wherein ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season, if need be, ye are in heaviness through manifold temptations:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὀλίγον ἄρτι εἰ δέον  λυπηθέντες ἐν ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς εν ω αγαλλιασθε ολιγον αρτι ει δεον εστιν λυπηθεντες εν ποικιλοις πειρασμοις εν ω αγαλλιασθε ολιγον αρτι ει δεον εστιν λυπηθεντες εν ποικιλοις πειρασμοις
Such trials show the proven character of your faith, which is much more valuable than gold—gold that is tested by fire, even though it is passing away—and will bring praise and glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed. That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου, εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον καὶ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ινα το δοκιμιον υμων της πιστεως πολυ τιμιωτερον χρυσιου του απολλυμενου δια πυρος δε δοκιμαζομενου ευρεθη εις επαινον και τιμην και δοξαν εν αποκαλυψει ιησου χριστου ινα το δοκιμιον υμων της πιστεως πολυ τιμιωτερον χρυσιου του απολλυμενου δια πυρος δε δοκιμαζομενου ευρεθη εις επαινον και τιμην και εις δοξαν εν αποκαλυψει ιησου χριστου

Luke 22:37 (NET)

Luke 22:37 (KJV)

For I tell you that this scripture must be fulfilled in me, ‘And he was counted with the transgressors.’  For what is written about me is being fulfilled.” For I say unto you, that this that is written must yet be accomplished in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for the things concerning me have an end.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι τοῦτο τὸ γεγραμμένον δεῖ τελεσθῆναι ἐν ἐμοί, τό· καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη· καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ετι τουτο το γεγραμμενον δει τελεσθηναι εν εμοι το και μετα ανομων ελογισθη και γαρ τα περι εμου τελος εχει λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ετι τουτο το γεγραμμενον δει τελεσθηναι εν εμοι το και μετα ανομων ελογισθη και γαρ τα περι εμου τελος εχει

Luke 9:23, 24 (NET)

Luke 9:23, 24 (KJV)

Then he said to them all, If anyone wants to become my follower, he must deny himself, take up his cross daily, and follow me. And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ἔλεγεν δὲ πρὸς πάντας· εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι, ἀρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ᾿ ἡμέραν καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι ελεγεν δε προς παντας ει τις θελει οπισω μου ελθειν απαρνησασθω εαυτον και αρατω τον σταυρον αυτου καθ ημεραν και ακολουθειτω μοι ελεγεν δε προς παντας ει τις θελει οπισω μου ελθειν απαρνησασθω εαυτον και αρατω τον σταυρον αυτου και ακολουθειτω μοι
For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life because of me will save it. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ὃς γὰρ ἂν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι ἀπολέσει αὐτήν· ὃς δ᾿ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ οὗτος σώσει αὐτήν ος γαρ αν θελη την ψυχην αυτου σωσαι απολεσει αυτην ος δ αν απολεση την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ουτος σωσει αυτην ος γαρ εαν θελη την ψυχην αυτου σωσαι απολεσει αυτην ος δ αν απολεση την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ουτος σωσει αυτην

[1] Luke 1:51 (NET)

[2] Romans 1:28-31 NET

[3] 2 Timothy 3:1-5 (NET)

[4] James 4:6b; 1 Peter 5:5b (NET)

[5] Isaiah 1:25 (NETS)

[6] 1 John 4:8 (NET)

[7] Peter’s Second Gospel Proclamation, Part 2

[8] 1 Peter 4:12 (NET)

[9] The NA28, Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εἰ δέον ἐστίν (KJV: if need be) here, where the NET parallel Greek text had εἰ δέον.

[10] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had πολυτιμότερον here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πολυ τιμιωτερον (KJV: being much more precious).

[11] The Byzantine Majority Text had εις (e.g., “into, unto”) preceding glory.  The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

[12] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ετι (KJV: yet) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[13] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the article τὸ preceding what is written about, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τα.

[14] Luke 22:37 (NET)

[15] Isaiah 1:25 (Tanakh)

[16] Isaiah 1:25 (NET)

[17] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἔρχεσθαι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ελθειν (KJV: come).

[18] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀρνησάσθω here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απαρνησασθω (KJV: let him deny).

[19] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus had καθ᾿ ἡμέραν here.  The Byzantine Majority Text did not.

[20] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus had ἂν here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had εαν.

To Make Holy, Part 9

The next form of ἁγιάζω I want to consider is found in Jesus’ prayer to his Father: Set them apart (ἁγίασον, a form of ἁγιάζω) in the truth; your word is truth.[1]  But I’m making a slow pilgrimage through his prayer because I believe I can know his holiness here.  In another essay I considered your word (τὸν λόγον σου) from the continuation of Jesus’ prayer (John 17:14, 15 NET):

I have given them your word, and the world has hated them, because they do not belong to the world, just as I do not belong to the world.  I am not asking you to take them out of the world, but that you keep them safe from the evil one.

Here I want to begin to consider world (κόσμος).  Jesus told a parable (Matthew 13:24b-30 NET):

“The kingdom of heaven is like a person who sowed[2] good seed in his field.  But while everyone was sleeping, an enemy came and sowed[3] darnel among the wheat and went away.  When the plants sprouted and produced grain, then the darnel also appeared.  So the slaves of the landowner came and said to him, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field?  Then where did the darnel come from?’  He said, ‘An enemy has done this!’  So the slaves replied, ‘Do you want us to go and gather it?’ [Table]  But he said,[4] ‘No, since in gathering the darnel you may uproot the wheat along with it [Table].  Let both grow together until[5] the harvest.  At harvest time I will tell the reapers, “First collect the darnel and tie it in bundles to be burned, but then gather the wheat into my barn.”’”

Jesus explained the parable (Matthew 13:37b-39 NET):

The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man.  The field is the world (κόσμος) and the good seed are the people of the kingdom.  The poisonous weeds are the people of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil.  The harvest is the end of age, and the reapers are angels [Table].

This is probably not exactly what Jesus meant when He prayed καὶ κόσμος ἐμίσησεν αὐτούς (and the world has hated them).  It does provide a sense of his worldview as background: This world is populated currently (assuming the end of the age has not yet come) by the people of the kingdom and the people of the evil one.  This is probably just about what Jesus’ audience heard:

people of the kingdom

people of the evil one

The descendants of Israel in good standing more or less… Everyone else, with the possible exception of those Gentiles who made some move toward Israel’s religion and/or the law of Moses…

But is that what Jesus meant?  You people are from your father the devil, and you want to do what your father desires,[6] He said to his hearers in Israel.  It highlights the fact that the word translated people in people of the kingdom and people of the evil one is actually υἱοὶ (a plural form of υἱός) in Greek—children, sons.  So we tend to think:

children of the kingdom

children of the evil one

Those who believe in Jesus, good standing may or may not be essential… Everyone else, with the possible exception of children…

But who did Jesus address as children of the devilThen Jesus said to those Judeans who had believed him, “If you continue to follow my teaching, you are really my disciples and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”[7]  Were the children of the kingdom (υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας) synonymous in Jesus’ mind with the sons of God (υἱοὶ θεοῦ)?  For all who are led by the Spirit of God are the sons of God.[8]

We tend to analyze Jesus’ sayings according to our own perceptions of the world.  Let’s add another perspective of his worldview: And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.[9]  For the moment, it matters very little whether I believe this or not.  He does, and its his view of the world (κόσμος) I seek to understand.

Despite all He has taught me about being led by the Spirit, I am not 100% led by the Spirit 100% of the time.[10]  The slightest deviations from my routine can throw me out of kilter.  Other times it seems the monotony of my routine does it.  I appreciated the study on free will.[11]  It helped me realize how often I still have a knee-jerk reaction that God is punishing me or has forsaken or abandoned me when things aren’t going according to my will.  Recalling Jesus’ prayer—not what I will, but what you will[12]—has helped to alleviate some unnecessary concern.

Paul wrote (Ephesians 4:22-24 NET):

You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires, to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and to put on the new man who has been created in God’s image—in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth.

I will ask the Father, Jesus said, and he will give you another Advocate to be with you forever—the Spirit of truth, whom the world (κόσμος) cannot accept because it does not see him or know himBut you know him because he resides with you and will be in you.[13]

This may be more like the world (κόσμος) that has hated Jesus’ disciples: the world (κόσμος) of the old man (τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον) who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires and cannot (οὐ δύναται, a form of δύναμαι) accept (λαβεῖν, a form of λαμβάνω) the Spirit of truthFor the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, Paul wrote, and the Spirit has desires that are opposed to the flesh, for these are in opposition to each other, so that you cannot do what you want.[14]

And this may be more like the opposition Jesus had in mind in the world (κόσμος) of his parable: that opposition of the old human and the new, the flesh and the Spirit, within everyone being drawn to Jesus.  I’m taking my clue from the landowner’s response to his slaves’ question: Do you want us to go and gather it?

No, since in gathering the darnel you may uproot the wheat along with it.  Let both grow together until the harvest.

It would be easy enough for Jews to kill Gentiles or Christians to kill those who refuse to confess Christ if that is what Jesus had in mind.  It is much more difficult to uproot the sin in one’s own flesh, not to mention someone else’s flesh, without doing damage to the good seed, the new man (τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον), that Christ has sown.  Of course, at any given place at any given moment before all have been drawn to Jesus people somewhat to mostly led by the Holy Spirit might be confronted by people following their own flesh.

Jesus had elaborated some on this topic previously (John 15:18-27 NET):

“If the world (κόσμος) hates you, be aware that it hated me first.  If you belonged to the world (κόσμου, a form of κόσμος), the world (κόσμος) would love you as its own.  However, because you do not belong to the world (κόσμου, a form of κόσμος), but I chose you out of the world (κόσμου, a form of κόσμος), for this reason the world (κόσμος) hates you.  Remember what I told you, ‘A slave is not greater than his master.’  If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you. If they obeyed my word, they will obey yours too.  But they will do all these things to you[15] on account of my name because they do not know the one who sent me.  If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty[16] of sin.  But they no longer have any excuse for their sin.  The one who hates me hates my Father too.  If I had not performed among them the miraculous deeds that no one else did,[17] they would not be guilty[18] of sin.  But now they have seen the deeds and have hated both me and my Father.  Now this happened to fulfill the word that is written in their law, ‘They hated me without reason.’  When[19] the Advocate comes, whom I will send you from the Father—the Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father—he will testify about me, and you also will testify because you have been with me from the beginning.

This has me thinking a little differently about a very familiar passage: For God so loved the world (κόσμον, another form of κόσμος), that He left it exactly as it is, might be the silent hope of the old human following after the flesh.  It is not what the Holy Spirit said through the inspired apostle: For God so loved the world, that hated Him, hated Jesus and his apostles, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.[20]

Jesus elaborated how the old human following after the flesh will be separated from the new human led by the Holy Spirit at the end of the [KJV: this] age (Matthew 13:40-43 NET):

As the poisonous weeds are collected and burned with fire, so it will be at the end of the age [Table].  The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will gather from his kingdom everything that causes sin as well as all lawbreakers.  They will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.  Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.  The one who has ears[21] had better listen!

Paul wrote something similar to those who consider themselves God’s coworkers (συνεργοί, a form of συνεργός) in contrast to those who consider themselves God’s field (γεώργιον), God’s building (οἰκοδομή) (1 Corinthians 3:10-17 NET):

According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master-builder I laid[22] a foundation, but someone else builds on it.  And each one must be careful how he builds.  For no one can lay any foundation other than what is being laid, which is Jesus Christ.[23]  If anyone builds on the[24] foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw, each builder’s work will be plainly seen, for the Day will make it clear, because it will be revealed by fire.  And the fire will test what kind of work each has done.  If what someone has built[25] survives, he will receive[26] a reward.  If someone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss.  He himself will be saved, but only as through fire.

Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit lives in you?  If someone destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him.  For God’s temple is holy, which is what you are.

If someone’s work, as a coworker with God building God’s temple, is burned up (κατακαήσεται, a form of κατακαίω), he will suffer loss (ζημιωθήσεται, a form of ζημιόω).  While ζημιωθήσεται might have been translated he will be punished, the argument in the note (16) in the NET seems sound to me:

The translation “[will] be punished” is given here by BDAG 428 s.v. ζημιόω 2. But the next clause says “he will be delivered” and so “suffering loss” is more likely to refer to the destruction of the “work” by fire or the loss of the reward that could have been gained.

This reasoning should be carried forward into an understanding of the “destruction” Paul reiterated thereafter.  I assume the coworkers building with wood, hay or straw worked in their own strength according to the flesh at cross-purposes with the Holy Spirit.  When their work is tested by fire and burns up, they suffer loss.  God will destroy (φθερεῖ, a form of φθείρω) the one who destroys (φθείρει, a form of φθείρω), ruins, spoils, ravages, disfigures, damages, disables, seduces, corrupts or cheats God’s field, God’s buiding, God’s temple: he will suffer loss.  He himself will be saved (σωθήσεται, a form of σώζω), but only as through fire.

Peter addressed God’s field, God’s building, God’s temple somewhat less ambiguously (2 Peter 3:10-13 NET):

But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze, and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare.  Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness [Table], while waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God?  Because of this day, the heavens will be burned up and dissolve, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze!  But, according to his promise, we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.

I’ll pick this up in another essay.

Note 67 in the NET claimed that Jesus quoted Psalm 35:19.  A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to the Septuagint follows.

John 15:25b (NET Parallel Greek) Psalm 35:19b (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 34:19b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐμίσησαν με δωρεάν οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεὰν οἱ μισοῦντες με δωρεὰν
John 15:25b (NET) Psalm 34:19b (NETS) Psalm 34:19b (English Elpenor)
They hated me without reason those who hate me without cause who hate me for nothing

It is interesting to hear this as Jesus’ prayer:

Masoretic Text Septuagint
Psalm 35:19 (Tanakh) Psalm 35:19 (NET) Psalm 34:19 (NETS) Psalm 34:19 (English Elpenor)
Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. Do not let those who are my enemies for no reason gloat over me.  Do not let those who hate me without cause carry out their wicked schemes. May those who unjustly are my enemies not be happy over me, those who hate me without cause and wink with the eyes, Let not them that are mine enemies without a cause rejoice against me; who hate me for nothing, and wink with their eyes.

Note 67 in the NET also claimed that Jesus quoted Psalm 69:4.  A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to the Septuagint follows.

John 15:25b (NET Parallel Greek) Psalm 69:4b (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 68:5b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐμίσησαν με δωρεάν οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεάν οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεάν
John 15:25b (NET) Psalm 68:5b (NETS) Psalm 68:5b (English Elpenor)
They hated me without reason those who hate me without cause They that hate me without a cause

If He did quote the Septuagint I find it interesting that He changed the present tense μισοῦντές (a form of μισέω), which was certainly true, to the aorist tense ἐμίσησαν (another form of μισέω).  “The aorist is said to be ‘simple occurrence’ or ‘summary occurrence,’ without regard for the amount of time taken to accomplish the action.  This tense is also often referred to as the ‘punctiliar’ tense.  ‘Punctiliar’ in this sense means ‘viewed as a single, collective whole,’ a ‘one-point-in-time’ action, although it may actually take place over a period of time.”[27]  Has Jesus used Greek grammar to prophesy another point-in-time when this hatred will no longer be true?

Gary Gagliardi on Christ’s Words — The Mysteries of Jesus’s Greek Revealed online took a different tack.  He heard Jesus quoting from the Hebrew of Psalm 109:3.  The Greek verb is quite different.

John 15:25b (NET Parallel Greek) Psalm 109:3b (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 108:3b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐμίσησαν με δωρεάν καὶ ἐπολέμησάν με δωρεάν καὶ ἐπολέμησάν με δωρεάν
John 15:25b (NET) Psalm 108:3b (NETS) Psalm 108:3b (English Elpenor)
They hated me without reason and made war on me without cause and fought against me without a cause

Though ἐπολέμησάν (a form of πολεμέω) is different from ἐμίσησαν, it is in the aorist tense.  And I do take Mr. Gagliardi’s point to heart—“Jesus often seems much more light-hearted in the Greek.”  Jesus doesn’t seem as whiny about being hated or polemicized against as I have heard in my own mind reading any of these Psalms.

Note 64 in the NET claimed that Jesus quoted Daniel 3:6.  A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ quotation to the Septuagint follows.

Matthew 13:42a (NET Parallel Greek) Daniel 3:6 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 3:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην
Matthew 13:42a (NET) Daniel 3:6 (NETS) Daniel 3:6 (English Elpenor)
They will throw them into the fiery furnace will be thrown into the furnace blazing with fire he shall be cast into the burning fiery furnace

At first this seemed so startling I searched the Septuagint for another possibility.  But as I considered the entire story (Daniel 3:1-4:3) it began to seem like Jesus’ wink to those in the know.  Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 3:12) refused to honor the king’s edict out of respect for the one true living God:

Masoretic Text Septuagint
Daniel 3:17, 18 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:17, 18 (NET) Daniel 3:17, 18 (NETS) Daniel 3:17, 18 (English Elpenor)
If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. If our God whom we are serving exists, he is able to rescue us from the furnace of blazing fire, and he will rescue us, O king, from your power as well. for there is a god whom we serve, able to deliver us from the furnace blazing with fire, and out of your hands, O king, he will rescue us. For our God whom we serve is in the heavens, able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will rescue us from thy hands, O king.
But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. But if he does not, let it be known to you, O king, that we don’t serve your gods, and we will not pay homage to the golden statue that you have erected.” And if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods, and we will not do obeisance to the image, which you have set up.” But if not, be it known to thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the image which thou hast set up.

Their insolence had the intended effect.  Enraged, the king ordered that the fire be made seven times hotter.  It was so hot it killed the men who threw Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego into it, yet they were unharmed by its flames.

Masoretic Text Septuagint
Daniel 3:26, 27 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:26, 27 (NET) Daniel 3:93, 94 (NETS) Daniel 3:26, 27 (English Elpenor)
Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither.  Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, came forth of the midst of the fire. Then Nebuchadnezzar approached the door of the furnace of blazing fire.  He called out, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, servants of the most high God, come out!  Come here!”  Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego emerged from the fire. Then Nabouchodonosor approached the door of the furnace blazing with fire and said, “Sedrach, Misach, Abdenago, slaves of the Most High God, come out and come here!”  And Sedrach, Misach, Abdenago came out from the middle of the fire. Then Nabuchodonosor drew near to the door of the burning fiery furnace, and said, Sedrach, Misach, and Abdenago, ye servants of the most high God, proceed forth, and come hither.  So Sedrach, Misach, and Abdenago, came forth out of the midst of the fire.
And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king’s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them. Once the satraps, prefects, governors, and ministers of the king had gathered around, they saw that those men were physically unharmed by the fire.  The hair of their heads was not singed, nor were their trousers damaged.  Not even the smell of fire was to be found on them! And the satraps and the generals and the local rulers and the dynasts of the king gathered together and looked at the men, that the fire had not had any power over their body; the hair of their heads was not singed, and their trousers were not changed, and a smell of fire was not on them. Then were assembled the satraps, and captains, and heads of provinces, and the royal princes; and they saw the men, and perceived that the fire had not had power against their bodies, and the hair of their head was not burnt, and their coats were not scorched, nor was the smell of fire upon them.

Note 65 in the NET claimed that Jesus alluded to Daniel 12:3.  A table comparing the Greek of Jesus’ allusion to the Septuagint follows.

Matthew 13:43a (NET Parallel Greek) Daniel 12:3 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 12:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ἥλιος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς λαμπρότης τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαίων τῶν πολλῶν ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ ἔτι οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαίων τῶν πολλῶν ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ ἔτι
Matthew 13:43a (NET) Daniel 12:3 (NETS) Daniel 12:3 (English Elpenor)
the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father those who are intelligent will shine like the splendor of the firmament, and some of the many righteous, like the stars forever and anon. the wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and [some] of the many righteous as the stars for ever and ever.

Tables comparing Psalm 35:19; 69:4; 109:3; Daniel 3:6; 3:17; 3:18; 3:26; 3:27 and 12:3 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing Psalm 35:19 (34:19); 69:4 (68:5); 109:3 (108:3); Daniel 3:6; 3:17; 3:18; 3:26 (3:93); 3:27 (3:94) and 12:3 the Greek of in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Matthew 13:24, 25; 13:30; 13:37; John 15:21, 22; 15:24; 15:26; Matthew 13:43; 1 Corinthians 3:10-12 and 3:14 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 35:19 (Tanakh) Psalm 35:19 (KJV) Psalm 35:19 (NET)
Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. Do not let those who are my enemies for no reason gloat over me.  Do not let those who hate me without cause carry out their wicked schemes.
Psalm 35:19 (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 34:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ ἐπιχαρείησάν μοι οἱ ἐχθραίνοντές μοι ἀδίκως οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεὰν καὶ διανεύοντες ὀφθαλμοῗς μὴ ἐπιχαρείησάν μοι οἱ ἐχθραίνοντές μοι ἀδίκως, οἱ μισοῦντες με δωρεὰν καὶ διανεύοντες ὀφθαλμοῖς
Psalm 34:19 (NETS) Psalm 34:19 (English Elpenor)
May those who unjustly are my enemies not be happy over me, those who hate me without cause and wink with the eyes, Let not them that are mine enemies without a cause rejoice against me; who hate me for nothing, and wink with their eyes.
Psalm 69:4 (Tanakh) Psalm 69:4 (KJV) Psalm 69:4 (NET)
They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. Those who hate me without cause are more numerous than the hairs of my head.  Those who want to destroy me, my enemies for no reason, outnumber me.  They make me repay what I did not steal.
Psalm 69:4 (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 68:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπληθύνθησαν ὑπὲρ τὰς τρίχας τῆς κεφαλῆς μου οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεάν ἐκραταιώθησαν οἱ ἐχθροί μου οἱ ἐκδιώκοντές με ἀδίκως ἃ οὐχ ἥρπασα τότε ἀπετίννυον ἐπληθύνθησαν ὑπὲρ τὰς τρίχας τῆς κεφαλῆς μου οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεάν, ἐκραταιώθησαν οἱ ἐχθροί μου οἱ ἐκδιώκοντές με ἀδίκως· ἃ οὐχ ἥρπαζον, τότε ἀπετίννυον
Psalm 68:5 (NETS) Psalm 68:5 (English Elpenor)
They multiplied beyond the hairs of my head, those who hate me without cause; my enemies who persecuted me unjustly became strong.  What I did not seize I would then repay. They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of my head: my enemies that persecute me unrighteously are strengthened: then I restored that which I took not away.
Psalm 109:3 (Tanakh) Psalm 109:3 (KJV) Psalm 109:3 (NET)
They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause. They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause. They surround me and say hateful things; they attack me for no reason.
Psalm 109:3 (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 108:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ λόγοις μίσους ἐκύκλωσάν με καὶ ἐπολέμησάν με δωρεάν καὶ λόγοις μίσους ἐκύκλωσάν με καὶ ἐπολέμησάν με δωρεάν
Psalm 108:3 (NETS) Psalm 108:3 (English Elpenor)
And they surrounded me with words of hate and made war on me without cause. And they have compassed me with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause.
Daniel 3:6 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:6 (KJV) Daniel 3:6 (NET)
And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace. And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace. Whoever does not bow down and pay homage will immediately be thrown into the midst of a furnace of blazing fire!”
Daniel 3:6 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 3:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃ, αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην
Daniel 3:6 (NETS) Daniel 3:6 (English Elpenor)
And whoever does not fall down and do obeisance, at that very hour will be thrown into the furnace blazing with fire.” And whosoever shall not fall down and worship, in the same hour he shall be cast into the burning fiery furnace.
Daniel 3:17 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:17 (KJV) Daniel 3:17 (NET)
If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. If our God whom we are serving exists, he is able to rescue us from the furnace of blazing fire, and he will rescue us, O king, from your power as well.
Daniel 3:17 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 3:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔστιν γὰρ θεός ᾧ ἡμεῗς λατρεύομεν δυνατὸς ἐξελέσθαι ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης καὶ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου βασιλεῦ ῥύσεται ἡμᾶς ἔστι γὰρ Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ᾧ ἡμεῖς λατρεύομεν, δυνατὸς ἐξελέσθαι ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης, καὶ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου, βασιλεῦ, ρύσεται ἡμᾶς
Daniel 3:17 (NETS) Daniel 3:17 (English Elpenor)
for there is a god whom we serve, able to deliver us from the furnace blazing with fire, and out of your hands, O king, he will rescue us. For our God whom we serve is in the heavens, able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will rescue us from thy hands, O king.

Daniel 3:18 (Tanakh)

Daniel 3:18 (KJV)

Daniel 3:18 (NET)

But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. But if he does not, let it be known to you, O king, that we don’t serve your gods, and we will not pay homage to the golden statue that you have erected.”

Daniel 3:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Daniel 3:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐὰν μή γνωστὸν ἔστω σοι βασιλεῦ ὅτι τοῗς θεοῗς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησας οὐ προσκυνοῦμεν καὶ ἐὰν μή, γνωστὸν ἔστω σοι, βασιλεῦ, ὅτι τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι, ᾗ ἔστησας, οὐ προσκυνοῦμεν

Daniel 3:18 (NETS)

Daniel 3:18 (English Elpenor)

And if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods, and we will not do obeisance to the image, which you have set up.” But if not, be it known to thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the image which thou hast set up.
Daniel 3:26 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:26 (KJV) Daniel 3:26 (NET)
Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither.  Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, came forth of the midst of the fire. Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, came forth of the midst of the fire. Then Nebuchadnezzar approached the door of the furnace of blazing fire.  He called out, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, servants of the most high God, come out!  Come here!”  Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego emerged from the fire.
Daniel 3:26 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 3:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τότε προσῆλθεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ πρὸς τὴν θύραν τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης καὶ εἶπεν Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου ἐξέλθετε καὶ δεῦτε καὶ ἐξῆλθον Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω ἐκ μέσου τοῦ πυρός τότε προσῆλθε Ναβουχοδονόσορ πρὸς τὴν θύραν τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης καὶ εἶπε· Σεδράχ, Μισάχ, ᾿Αβδεναγώ, οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ῾Υψίστου, ἐξέλθετε καὶ δεῦτε. καὶ ἐξῆλθον Σεδράχ, Μισάχ, ᾿Αβδεναγὼ ἐκ μέσου τοῦ πυρός
Daniel 3:93 (NETS) Daniel 3:26 (English Elpenor)
Then Nabouchodonosor approached the door of the furnace blazing with fire and said, “Sedrach, Misach, Abdenago, slaves of the Most High God, come out and come here!”  And Sedrach, Misach, Abdenago came out from the middle of the fire. Then Nabuchodonosor drew near to the door of the burning fiery furnace, and said, Sedrach, Misach, and Abdenago, ye servants of the most high God, proceed forth, and come hither.  So Sedrach, Misach, and Abdenago, came forth out of the midst of the fire.
Daniel 3:27 (Tanakh) Daniel 3:27 (KJV) Daniel 3:27 (NET)
And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king’s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them. And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king’s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them. Once the satraps, prefects, governors, and ministers of the king had gathered around, they saw that those men were physically unharmed by the fire.  The hair of their heads was not singed, nor were their trousers damaged.  Not even the smell of fire was to be found on them!
Daniel 3:27 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 3:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ συνάγονται οἱ σατράπαι καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ οἱ τοπάρχαι καὶ οἱ δυνάσται τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐθεώρουν τοὺς ἄνδρας ὅτι οὐκ ἐκυρίευσεν τὸ πῦρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ θρὶξ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐφλογίσθη καὶ τὰ σαράβαρα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλλοιώθη καὶ ὀσμὴ πυρὸς οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτοῗς καὶ συνάγονται οἱ σατράπαι καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ οἱ τοπάρχαι καὶ οἱ δυνάσται τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐθεώρουν τοὺς ἄνδρας ὅτι οὐκ ἐκυρίευσε τὸ πῦρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ θρὶξ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐφλογίσθη, καὶ τὰ σαράβαρα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλλοιώθη, καὶ ὀσμὴ πυρὸς οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς
Daniel 3:94 (NETS) Daniel 3:27 (English Elpenor)
And the satraps and the generals and the local rulers and the dynasts of the king gathered together and looked at the men, that the fire had not had any power over their body; the hair of their heads was not singed, and their trousers were not changed, and a smell of fire was not on them. Then were assembled the satraps, and captains, and heads of provinces, and the royal princes; and they saw the men, and perceived that the fire had not had power against their bodies, and the hair of their head was not burnt, and their coats were not scorched, nor was the smell of fire upon them.
Daniel 12:3 (Tanakh) Daniel 12:3 (KJV) Daniel 12:3 (NET)
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. But the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavenly expanse.  And those bringing many to righteousness will be like the stars forever and ever.
Daniel 12:3 (Septuagint BLB) Daniel 12:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαίων τῶν πολλῶν ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ ἔτι καὶ οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαίων τῶν πολλῶν ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ ἔτι
Daniel 12:3 (NETS) Daniel 12:3 (English Elpenor)
And those who are intelligent will shine like the splendor of the firmament, and some of the many righteous, like the stars forever and anon. And the wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and [some] of the many righteous as the stars for ever and ever.
Matthew 13:24, 25 (NET) Matthew 13:24, 25 (KJV)
He presented them with another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a person who sowed good seed in his field. Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
῎Αλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· ὡμοιώθη ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ σπείραντι καλὸν σπέρμα ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ αὐτοῦ αλλην παραβολην παρεθηκεν αυτοις λεγων ωμοιωθη η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω σπειροντι καλον σπερμα εν τω αγρω αυτου αλλην παραβολην παρεθηκεν αυτοις λεγων ωμοιωθη η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω σπειροντι καλον σπερμα εν τω αγρω αυτου
But while everyone was sleeping, an enemy came and sowed darnel among the wheat and went away. But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ἐν δὲ τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἦλθεν αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐχθρὸς καὶ ἐπέσπειρεν ζιζάνια ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σίτου καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εν δε τω καθευδειν τους ανθρωπους ηλθεν αυτου ο εχθρος και εσπειρεν ζιζανια ανα μεσον του σιτου και απηλθεν εν δε τω καθευδειν τους ανθρωπους ηλθεν αυτου ο εχθρος και εσπειρεν ζιζανια ανα μεσον του σιτου και απηλθεν
Matthew 13:30 (NET) Matthew 13:30 (KJV)
Let both grow together until the harvest.  At harvest time I will tell the reapers, “First collect the darnel and tie it in bundles to be burned, but then gather the wheat into my barn.”’” Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ἄφετε συναυξάνεσθαι ἀμφότερα ἕως τοῦ θερισμοῦ, καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τοῦ θερισμοῦ ἐρῶ τοῖς θερισταῖς· συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ δήσατε αὐτὰ |εἰς| δέσμας πρὸς τὸ κατακαῦσαι αὐτά, τὸν δὲ σῖτον |συναγάγετε| εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην μου αφετε συναυξανεσθαι αμφοτερα μεχρι του θερισμου και εν τω καιρω του θερισμου ερω τοις θερισταις συλλεξατε πρωτον τα ζιζανια και δησατε αυτα εις δεσμας προς το κατακαυσαι αυτα τον δε σιτον συναγαγετε εις την αποθηκην μου αφετε συναυξανεσθαι αμφοτερα μεχρι του θερισμου και εν καιρω του θερισμου ερω τοις θερισταις συλλεξατε πρωτον τα ζιζανια και δησατε αυτα εις δεσμας προς το κατακαυσαι αυτα τον δε σιτον συναγαγετε εις την αποθηκην μου
Matthew 13:37 (NET) Matthew 13:37 (KJV)
He answered, “The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man. He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man;
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· ὁ σπείρων τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα ἐστὶν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις ο σπειρων το καλον σπερμα εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις ο σπειρων το καλον σπερμα εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου
John 15:21, 22 (NET) John 15:21, 22 (KJV)
But they will do all these things to you on account of my name because they do not know the one who sent me. But all these things will they do unto you for my name’s sake, because they know not him that sent me.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πάντα ποιήσουσιν εἰς ὑμᾶς διὰ τὸ ὄνομα μου, ὅτι οὐκ οἴδασιν τὸν πέμψαντα με αλλα ταυτα παντα ποιησουσιν υμιν δια το ονομα μου οτι ουκ οιδασιν τον πεμψαντα με αλλα ταυτα παντα ποιησουσιν υμιν δια το ονομα μου οτι ουκ οιδασιν τον πεμψαντα με
If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty of sin.  But they no longer have any excuse for their sin. If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: but now they have no cloke for their sin.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καὶ ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν· νῦν δὲ πρόφασιν οὐκ ἔχουσιν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν ει μη ηλθον και ελαλησα αυτοις αμαρτιαν ουκ ειχον νυν δε προφασιν ουκ εχουσιν περι της αμαρτιας αυτων ει μη ηλθον και ελαλησα αυτοις αμαρτιαν ουκ ειχον νυν δε προφασιν ουκ εχουσιν περι της αμαρτιας αυτων
John 15:24 (NET) John 15:24 (KJV)
If I had not performed among them the miraculous deeds that no one else did, they would not be guilty of sin.  But now they have seen the deeds and have hated both me and my Father. If I had not done among them the works which none other man did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me and my Father.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
εἰ τὰ ἔργα μὴ ἐποίησα ἐν αὐτοῖς ἃ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ἐποίησεν, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν· νῦν δὲ καὶ ἑωράκασιν καὶ μεμισήκασιν καὶ ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου. ει τα εργα μη εποιησα εν αυτοις α ουδεις αλλος πεποιηκεν αμαρτιαν ουκ ειχον νυν δε και εωρακασιν και μεμισηκασιν και εμε και τον πατερα μου ει τα εργα μη εποιησα εν αυτοις α ουδεις αλλος πεποιηκεν αμαρτιαν ουκ ειχον νυν δε και εωρακασιν και μεμισηκασιν και εμε και τον πατερα μου
John 15:26 (NET) John 15:26 (KJV)
When the Advocate comes, whom I will send you from the Father—the Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father—he will testify about me, But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
Ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ παράκλητος ὃν ἐγὼ πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται, ἐκεῖνος μαρτυρήσει περὶ ἐμοῦ οταν δε ελθη ο παρακλητος ον εγω πεμψω υμιν παρα του πατρος το πνευμα της αληθειας ο παρα του πατρος εκπορευεται εκεινος μαρτυρησει περι εμου οταν δε ελθη ο παρακλητος ον εγω πεμψω υμιν παρα του πατρος το πνευμα της αληθειας ο παρα του πατρος εκπορευεται εκεινος μαρτυρησει περι εμου

Matthew 13:43 (NET)

Matthew 13:43 (KJV)

Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.  The one who has ears had better listen! Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father.  Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τότε οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν. ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκουέτω τοτε οι δικαιοι εκλαμψουσιν ως ο ηλιος εν τη βασιλεια του πατρος αυτων ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω τοτε οι δικαιοι εκλαμψουσιν ως ο ηλιος εν τη βασιλεια του πατρος αυτων ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω
1 Corinthians 3:10-12 (NET) 1 Corinthians 3:10-12 (KJV)
According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master-builder I laid a foundation, but someone else builds on it.  And each one must be careful how he builds. According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise masterbuilder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon.  But let every man take heed how he buildeth thereupon.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
Κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσαν μοι ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων θεμέλιον ἔθηκα, ἄλλος δὲ ἐποικοδομεῖ. ἕκαστος δὲ βλεπέτω πῶς ἐποικοδομεῖ κατα την χαριν του θεου την δοθεισαν μοι ως σοφος αρχιτεκτων θεμελιον τεθεικα αλλος δε εποικοδομει εκαστος δε βλεπετω πως εποικοδομει κατα την χαριν του θεου την δοθεισαν μοι ως σοφος αρχιτεκτων θεμελιον τεθεικα αλλος δε εποικοδομει εκαστος δε βλεπετω πως εποικοδομει
For no one can lay any foundation other than what is being laid, which is Jesus Christ. For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
θεμέλιον γὰρ ἄλλον οὐδεὶς δύναται θεῖναι παρὰ τὸν κείμενον, ὅς ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός θεμελιον γαρ αλλον ουδεις δυναται θειναι παρα τον κειμενον ος εστιν ιησους ο χριστος θεμελιον γαρ αλλον ουδεις δυναται θειναι παρα τον κειμενον ος εστιν ιησους χριστος
If anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw, Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble;
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
εἰ δέ τις ἐποικοδομεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν θεμέλιον |χρυσόν, ἄργυρον|, λίθους τιμίους, ξύλα, χόρτον, καλάμην, ει δε τις εποικοδομει επι τον θεμελιον τουτον χρυσον αργυρον λιθους τιμιους ξυλα χορτον καλαμην ει δε τις εποικοδομει επι τον θεμελιον τουτον χρυσον αργυρον λιθους τιμιους ξυλα χορτον καλαμην
1 Corinthians 3:14 (NET) 1 Corinthians 3:14 (KJV)
If what someone has built survives, he will receive a reward. If any man’s work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον μενεῖ ὃ ἐποικοδόμησεν, μισθὸν λήμψεται ει τινος το εργον μενει ο επωκοδομησεν μισθον ληψεται ει τινος το εργον μενει ο εποικοδομησεν μισθον ληψεται

 

[1] John 17:17 (NET)

[2] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had σπείραντι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had σπειροντι (KJV: which sowed).

[3] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπέσπειρεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εσπειρεν.

[4] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had φησιν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εφη.

[5] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἕως here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μεχρι.

[6] John 8:44a (NET) Table

[7] John 8:31, 32 (NET)

[8] Romans 8:14 (NET)

[9] John 12:32 (NET)

[10] I’m thinking here of live by the Spirit and you will not carry out (τελέσητε, a form of τελέω) the desires of the flesh (Galatians 5:16).  Apart from my petty outbursts of anger, I recall a more troubling lapse.  It began as a thought, then I spoke it aloud: “It may be time to take out Antifa and BLM while they’re still bringing ball bats to a gunfight.”  They were idle words.  I didn’t follow through to carry out the desire to shoot members of Antifa and BLM with a gun I don’t even have.  And if that’s the best I can hope for this side of the fire, I’ll take it!  But I still want to be more loving, joyful, peaceful, patient, kind, good, faithful, gentle and self-controlled than that.

[11] Who Am I? Part 11 ; Who Am I? Part 12 ; Who Am I? Part 13

[12] Matthew 26:39b (NET)

[13] John 14:16, 17 (NET) Table

[14] Galatians 5:17 (NET) Table

[15] The NET parallel Geek text and NA28 had εἰς ὑμᾶς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had υμιν (KJV: unto them).

[16] The NET parallel Geek text and NA28 had εἴχοσαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειχον (KJV: they hadhad).

[17] The NET parallel Geek text and NA28 had ἐποίησεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πεποιηκεν.

[18] The NET parallel Geek text and NA28 had εἴχοσαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειχον (KJV: had).

[19] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: But) here.  The NET parallel Geek text and NA28 did not.

[20] John 3:16 (KJV) Table

[21] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ακουειν (KJV: to hear) following ears.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[22] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἔθηκα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τεθεικα (KJV: I have laid).

[23] The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article ο preceding Christ.  The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

[24] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τουτον (KJV: this) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[25] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐποικοδόμησεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had επωκοδομησεν (KJV: he hath built).

[26] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had λήμψεται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ληψεται (KJV: he shall receive).

[27] Verb Tenses, Greek Verbs (Shorter Definitions), Resources for Learning New Testament Greek

Peter’s First Gospel Proclamation Revisited, Part 2

On Pentecost Peter continued his quotation from the prophet Joel (Acts 2:20 NET Table):

The sun will be changed to darkness and the moon to blood before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.

He may have had Jesus’ crucifixion in mind for ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος (The sun will be changed to darkness).  Now from noon until three,[1] darkness (σκότος) came over all the land.[2]  Mark also recorded: Now[3] when it was noon, darkness (σκότος) came over the whole land until three[4] in the afternoon.[5]  Luke mentioned the sun as well as the darkness (Luke 23:44, 45a NET):

It[6] was now[7] about noon, and darkness (σκότος) came over the whole land until three[8] in the afternoon, because[9] the sun’s light[10] failed.[11]

The English translations in the KJV are quite similar: The sun shall be turned into darkness; And the sun was darkened.  But the Greek seems different (Table25 below).

ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος τοῦ ἡλίου |ἐκλιπόντος| και εσκοτισθη ο ηλιος
The sun will be changed to darkness because the sun’s light failed And the sun was darkened

None of them mentioned the moon at all.  The difference in the description of that day in the Septuagint caught my attention.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Joel 3:4 (Tanakh) Joel 2:31 (NET) Joel 2:31 (NETS)

Joel 3:4 (English Elpenor)

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible (וְהַנּוֹרָֽא) day of HaShem come. The sunlight will be turned to darkness and the moon to the color of blood, before the day of the Lord comes—that great and terrible (yârêʼ, והנורא) day! The sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the great and notable (ἐπιφανῆ) day of the Lord comes. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious (ἐπιφανῆ) day of the Lord come.

The Hebrew word וְהַנּוֹרָֽא is a form of the word I’ve been tracking through the essays categorized under The Fear of the LordMorfix came up with: נוֹרָא “terrible, terrifying, horrible, awful; (colloquial) very bad, insufferable; awe-inspiring, awesome (God).”  But the rabbis chose ἐπιφανῆ, a form of ἐπιφανής: “notable, distinguished, famous, splendid, glorious, remarkable; evident, visually manifest, conspicuous; renowned.”  The only other occurrence[12] of ἐπιφανῆ was near the end of Malachi.  I’ll consider the passage verse by verse.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 3:16 (Tanakh) Malachi 3:16 (NET) Malachi 3:16 (NETS)

Malachi 3:16 (English Elpenor)

Then they that feared (יִרְאֵ֥י) the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared (לְיִרְאֵ֣י) the LORD, and that thought upon his name. Then those who respected (yârêʼ, יראי) the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord took notice.  A scroll was prepared before him in which were recorded the names of those who respected (yârêʼ, ליראי) the Lord and honored his name. Those who fear (φοβούμενοι) the Lord spoke against these things, each to his neighbor.  And the Lord took note and listened and wrote a book of remembrance before him for those who fear (φοβουμένοις) the Lord and reverence his name. Thus spoke they that feared (φοβούμενοι) the Lord, every one to his neighbour: and the Lord gave heed, and hearkened, and he wrote a book of remembrance before him for them that feared (φοβουμένοις) the Lord and reverenced his name.

Here are the definitions of both forms translated feared from Morfix.

Malachi 3:16

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
יִרְאֵ֥י feared יָרֵא (literary) God-fearing person
יָרֵא to fear; to stand in awe of, to respect
לְיִרְאֵ֣י feared יָרֵא (literary) God-fearing person

The rabbis chose φοβούμενοι for יִרְאֵ֥י and φοβουμένοις for לְיִרְאֵ֣י.  Both are forms of φοβέω: “to be afraid, fear, become frightened; to fear (something, someone); to respect, have reverence (for God); to respect (a man, authority).”

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 3:17, 18 (Tanakh) Malachi 3:17, 18 (NET) Malachi 3:17, 18 (NETS)

Malachi 3:17, 18 (English Elpenor)

And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him. “They will belong to me,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “in the day when I prepare my own special property.  I will spare them as a man spares his son who serves him. And they shall be mine, says the Lord Almighty, in the day when I make them my acquisition, and I will choose them as a person chooses his son who is subject to him. And they shall be mine, saith the Lord Almighty, in the day which I appoint for a peculiar possession; and I will make choice of them, as a man makes choice of his son that serves him.
Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not. Then once more you will see that I make a distinction between the righteous and the wicked, between the one who serves God and the one who does not. And you shall turn and discern between the just and between the lawless and between the one who is subject to God and the one who is not subject. Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, and between him that serves God, and him that serves [him] not.

I understand this discerning between the righteousthe new man (e.g., new human, καινὸν ἄνθρωπον) who has been created in God’s imageand the wickedthe old man (e.g., old human, παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον) who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires—differently than some perhaps (Ephesians 4:22-24 NET):

You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted (φθειρόμενον, a form of φθείρω) in accordance with deceitful desires, to be renewed in the spirit of your (plural, ὑμῶν) mind (singular, νοὸς), and to put on the new man who has been created in God’s image—in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth.

A day is coming when this new human will be more “evident,” more “visually manifest,” more “conspicuous” than a renewing in the spirit of the old humans’ mind.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 4:1 (Tanakh) Malachi 4:1 (NET) Malachi 4:1 (NETS)

Malachi 4:1 (English Elpenor)

For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch. “For indeed the day is coming, burning like a furnace, and all the arrogant evildoers will be chaff.  The coming day will burn them up,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.  “It will not leave them even a root or branch. For behold, a day is coming, burning like an oven, and it will set them ablaze, and all the aliens and all those who do lawless things will be stubble, and the day that comes shall kindle them, says the Lord Almighty, and there shall be left of them neither root nor branch. For, behold, a day comes burning as an oven, and it shall consume them; and all the aliens, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that is coming shall set them on fire, saith the Lord Almighty, and there shall not be left of them root or branch.

I understand the day that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up as something other than a promise of Zionism über alles.  John the Baptist introduced Jesus, saying (Matthew 3:11, 12 NET):

I baptize you with water, for repentance, but the one coming after me is more powerful than I am—I am not worthy to carry his sandals!  He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire [Table].  His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clean out his threshing floor and will gather his wheat into the storehouse, but the chaff he will burn up with inextinguishable fire!

Peter wrote, by the word of God heavens existed long ago and an earth was formed out of water and by means of water.  Through these things the world existing at that time was destroyed when it was deluged with water.  But by the same[13] word the present heavens and earth have been reserved for fire, by being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.[14]

I understand the ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων (NET: destruction of the ungodly) as the destruction of the old human (παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον), equivalent to the daythat shall burn as an oven when the new human is freed from the prickly tendrils entangling it with the old.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 4:2 (Tanakh) Malachi 4:2 (NET) Malachi 4:2 (NETS)

Malachi 4:2 (English Elpenor)

But unto you that fear (יִרְאֵ֚י) my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall. But for you who respect (yârêʼ, יראי) my name, the sun of vindication will rise with healing wings, and you will skip about like calves released from the stall. And for you who fear (φοβουμένοις) my name a sun of justice shall rise, and healing is in its wings.  And you shall go out and leap (σκιρτήσετε) like calves let loose from tethers. But to you that fear (φοβουμένοις) my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise, and healing [shall be] in his wings: and ye shall go forth, and bound (σκιρτήσετε) as young calves let loose from bonds.

Here again the rabbis chose φοβουμένοις for יִרְאֵ֚י.  I want to consider and grow up as calves of the stall in more detail using Morfix.

Malachi 4:2 (3:20)

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
וִֽיצָאתֶ֥ם and ye shall go forth יָצָא to go outside, to exit; to leave (esp. country, state); to leave for; to emanate from, to emerge from; to depart; to break out, to come forth; to appear (sun, moon); to terminate (Sabbath, Festival); (literary) to pass (time); to escape from, to overcome; to originate from, to be derived from; to be based on; it follows, the result is, the upshot is; to be published; to announce, to come out in public; to so happen, to turn out that
יִצֵּא to export
וּפִשְׁתֶּ֖ם ופשתם and grow up N/A N/A
כְּעֶגְלֵ֥י as calves עֵגֶל calf (male)
עָגֹל round, circular, spherical
מַרְבֵּֽק of the stall מַרְבֵּק (flowery) fattened calf

Morfix didn’t recognize וּפִשְׁתֶּ֖ם, translated and grow up in the Tanakh, but the rabbis chose σκιρτήσετε, a form of σκιρτάω: “to jump, leap (for joy); to kick (i.e., fetus quickening)”, translated leap or bound in the Septuagint.

But the day of the Lord will come like a thief,[15] Peter continued in his letter (2 Peter 3:10-13 NET):

when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away[16] in a blaze, and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare (KJV: shall be burned up).[17]  Since all these things are to melt away in this manner,[18] what sort of people must you[19] be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness, while waiting for and hastening (2 Peter 3:8, 9) the coming of the day of God?  Because of this day, the heavens will be burned up and dissolve, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze!  But, according to his promise, we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.

Depending on their proximity to others the new humans may well tread down the wicked others.  But in [that] day as the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings, as they go forth, and bound as young calves let loose from bonds the first steps the new humans take will be out from and upon their own ashes under the soles of [their] feet.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 4:3 (Tanakh) Malachi 4:3 (NET) Malachi 4:3 (NETS)

Malachi 4:3 (English Elpenor)

And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this, saith the LORD of hosts. You will trample on the wicked, for they will be like ashes under the soles of your feet on the day that I am preparing,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. And you shall tread down the lawless, for they will be ashes under your feet, on the day when I act, says the Lord Almighty. And ye shall trample the wicked; for they shall be ashes underneath your feet in the day which I appoint, saith the Lord Almighty.

I’ll quote the rest of Malachi in the order it appears in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 4:5 (Tanakh) Malachi 4:5 (NET) Malachi 4:4 (NETS)

Malachi 4:4 (English Elpenor)

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful (וְהַנּוֹרָֽא) day of the LORD: Look, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible (yârêʼ, והנורא) day of the Lord arrives. And behold I am sending to you Elias the Thesbite before the great and notable (ἐπιφανῆ) day of the Lord comes, And, behold, I will send to you Elias the Thesbite, before the great and glorious (ἐπιφανῆ) day of the Lord comes;

Here the rabbis chose ἐπιφανῆ for וְהַנּוֹרָֽא.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Malachi 4:6, 4 (Tanakh) Malachi 4:6, 4 (NET) Malachi 4:5, 6 (NETS)

Malachi 4:5, 6 (English Elpenor)

And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. He will encourage fathers and their children to return to me, so that I will not come and strike the earth with judgment.” who will restore the heart of the father to the son and the heart of a person to his neighbor so that I will not come and utterly strike the land. who shall turn again the heart of the father to the son, and the heart of a man to his neighbour, lest I come and smite the earth grievously.
Remember (זִכְר֕וּ) ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. “Remember (זכרו) the law of my servant Moses, to whom at Horeb I gave rules and regulations for all Israel to obey. Remember (μνήσθητε) the law of Moyses my slave, as I commanded him at Choreb with ordinances and statutes for all Israel. Remember (μνήσθητε) the law of my servant Moses, accordingly as I charged him [with it] in Choreb for all Israel, [even] the commandments and ordinances.

Here the rabbis chose μνήσθητε, a form of μιμνήσκω, “to be mentioned, be called to remembrance,” for זִכְר֕וּ.  A table of this clause run through Morfix follows.

Malachi 4:4 (3:22)

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
זִכְר֕וּ Remember ye זָכָר male; man; (grammar) masculine gender
זָכַר to remember; to recall (memory); to keep in mind; to remember as; to take into account
זֵכֶר memory (of someone or something); remnant, trace, vestige; in memory of
תּוֹרַ֖ת תורת the law תּוֹרָה Torah, Pentateuch, Five Books of Moses; (Judaism) the Mosaic laws; Jewish biblical and rabbinic literature; theory, dogma; doctrine

In a footnote (8) the translators of the NET tacitly acknowledged that they added to obey to the text .  I don’t have any particular issue with the attempt to obey the law.  It may well help one remember, but remember is the command.  Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb, remember the fear, remember your failure to obey, remember the ministry that produced death as it is recorded in the Scriptures, not as the religious mind imagines that it should be, so you can hear Jesus say, Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’[20]

And then everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved,[21] Peter concluded his quotation from the prophet Joel.  Then he went on to describe how Jesus brought the ministry that produced death (Romans 7:7-22) to a fitting conclusion (Hebrews 8-10) for righteousness’ sake[22] (Acts 2:22-24 NET).

Men of Israel, listen to these words: Jesus the Nazarene, a man clearly attested to you by God with powerful deeds, wonders, and miraculous signs that God performed among you through him, just as you yourselves know—this man, who was handed over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed by nailing him to a cross at the hands of Gentiles [Table].  But God raised him up, having released him from the pains of death, because it was not possible for him to be held in its power.

I’ll pick this up in another essay.  Tables comparing Joel 2:31 (3:4); Malachi 3:16; 3:17; 3:18; 4:1; 4:2; 4:3; 4:5; 4:6; 4:4 and Joel 2:32 (3:5) in the Tanakh, KJV and NET; and tables comparing Joel 2:31 (3:4); Malachi 3:16; 3:17; 3:18; 4:1; 4:2; 4:3; 4:5 (4:4); 4:6 (4:5); 4:4 (4:6) and Joel 2:32 (3:5) in the BLB and Elpenor versions of the Septuagint follow. Tables comparing Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44, 45; 2 Peter 3:7 and 3:10, 11 in the NET and KJV follow those.

Joel 3:4 (Tanakh)

Joel 2:31 (KJV)

Joel 2:31 (NET)

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of HaShem come. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come. The sunlight will be turned to darkness and the moon to the color of blood, before the day of the Lord comes—that great and terrible day!

Joel 2:31 (Septuagint BLB)

Joel 3:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα πρὶν ἐλθεῗν ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ

Joel 2:31 (NETS)

Joel 3:4 (English Elpenor)

The sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the great and notable day of the Lord comes. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord come.

Malachi 3:16 (Tanakh)

Malachi 3:16 (KJV)

Malachi 3:16 (NET)

Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon his name. Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon his name. Then those who respected the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord took notice.  A scroll was prepared before him in which were recorded the names of those who respected the Lord and honored his name.

Malachi 3:16 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 3:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ταῦτα κατελάλησαν οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν κύριον ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ προσέσχεν κύριος καὶ εἰσήκουσεν καὶ ἔγραψεν βιβλίον μνημοσύνου ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τοῗς φοβουμένοις τὸν κύριον καὶ εὐλαβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ταῦτα κατελάλησαν οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν Κύριον, ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· καὶ προσέσχε Κύριος καὶ εἰσήκουσε καὶ ἔγραψε βιβλίον μνημοσύνου ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸν Κύριον καὶ εὐλαβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ

Malachi 3:16 (NETS)

Malachi 3:16 (English Elpenor)

Those who fear the Lord spoke against these things, each to his neighbor.  And the Lord took note and listened and wrote a book of remembrance before him for those who fear the Lord and reverence his name. Thus spoke they that feared the Lord, every one to his neighbour: and the Lord gave heed, and hearkened, and he wrote a book of remembrance before him for them that feared the Lord and reverenced his name.

Malachi 3:17 (Tanakh)

Malachi 3:17 (KJV)

Malachi 3:17 (NET)

And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him. And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him. “They will belong to me,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “in the day when I prepare my own special property.  I will spare them as a man spares his son who serves him.

Malachi 3:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 3:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσονταί μοι λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ εἰς ἡμέραν ἣν ἐγὼ ποιῶ εἰς περιποίησιν καὶ αἱρετιῶ αὐτοὺς ὃν τρόπον αἱρετίζει ἄνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν δουλεύοντα αὐτῷ καὶ ἔσονταί μοι, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ, εἰς ἡμέραν, ἣν ἐγὼ ποιῶ εἰς περιποίησιν, καὶ αἱρετιῶ αὐτοὺς ὃν τρόπον αἱρετίζει ἄνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν δουλεύοντα αὐτῷ

Malachi 3:17 (NETS)

Malachi 3:17 (English Elpenor)

And they shall be mine, says the Lord Almighty, in the day when I make them my acquisition, and I will choose them as a person chooses his son who is subject to him. And they shall be mine, saith the Lord Almighty, in the day which I appoint for a peculiar possession; and I will make choice of them, as a man makes choice of his son that serves him.

Malachi 3:18 (Tanakh)

Malachi 3:18 (KJV)

Malachi 3:18 (NET)

Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not. Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not. Then once more you will see that I make a distinction between the righteous and the wicked, between the one who serves God and the one who does not.

Malachi 3:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 3:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε ἀνὰ μέσον δικαίου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον ἀνόμου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ δουλεύοντος θεῷ καὶ τοῦ μὴ δουλεύοντος καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε ἀναμέσον δικαίου καὶ ἀναμέσον ἀνόμου καὶ ἀναμέσον τοῦ δουλεύοντος Θεῷ καὶ τοῦ μὴ δουλεύοντος

Malachi 3:18 (NETS)

Malachi 3:18 (English Elpenor)

And you shall turn and discern between the just and between the lawless and between the one who is subject to God and the one who is not subject. Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, and between him that serves God, and him that serves [him] not.

Malachi 4:1 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:1 (KJV)

Malachi 4:1 (NET)

For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch. For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch. “For indeed the day is coming, burning like a furnace, and all the arrogant evildoers will be chaff.  The coming day will burn them up,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.  “It will not leave them even a root or branch.

Malachi 4:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διότι ἰδοὺ ἡμέρα κυρίου ἔρχεται καιομένη ὡς κλίβανος καὶ φλέξει αὐτούς καὶ ἔσονται πάντες οἱ ἀλλογενεῗς καὶ πάντες οἱ ποιοῦντες ἄνομα καλάμη καὶ ἀνάψει αὐτοὺς ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἐρχομένη λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ οὐ μὴ ὑπολειφθῇ ἐξ αὐτῶν ῥίζα οὐδὲ κλῆμα ΔΙΟΤΙ ἰδοὺ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ἔρχεται καιομένη ὡς κλίβανος καὶ φλέξει αὐτούς, καὶ ἔσονται πάντες οἱ ἀλλογενεῖς καὶ πάντες οἱ ποιοῦντες ἄνομα καλάμη, καὶ ἀνάψει αὐτοὺς ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἐρχομένη, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ, καὶ οὐ μὴ ὑπολειφθῇ ἐξ αὐτῶν ῥίζα οὐδὲ κλῆμα

Malachi 4:1 (NETS)

Malachi 4:1 (English Elpenor)

For behold, a day is coming, burning like an oven, and it will set them ablaze, and all the aliens and all those who do lawless things will be stubble, and the day that comes shall kindle them, says the Lord Almighty, and there shall be left of them neither root nor branch. For, behold, a day comes burning as an oven, and it shall consume them; and all the aliens, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that is coming shall set them on fire, saith the Lord Almighty, and there shall not be left of them root or branch.

Malachi 4:2 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:2 (KJV)

Malachi 4:2 (NET)

But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall. But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall. But for you who respect my name, the sun of vindication will rise with healing wings, and you will skip about like calves released from the stall.

Malachi 4:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀνατελεῗ ὑμῗν τοῗς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά μου ἥλιος δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἴασις ἐν ταῗς πτέρυξιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξελεύσεσθε καὶ σκιρτήσετε ὡς μοσχάρια ἐκ δεσμῶν ἀνειμένα καὶ ἀνατελεῖ ὑμῖν τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά μου ἥλιος δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἴασις ἐν ταῖς πτέρυξιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξελεύσεσθε καὶ σκιρτήσετε ὡς μοσχάρια ἐκ δεσμῶν ἀνειμένα

Malachi 4:2 (NETS)

Malachi 4:2 (English Elpenor)

And for you who fear my name a sun of justice shall rise, and healing is in its wings.  And you shall go out and leap like calves let loose from tethers. But to you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise, and healing [shall be] in his wings: and ye shall go forth, and bound as young calves let loose from bonds.

Malachi 4:3 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:3 (KJV)

Malachi 4:3 (NET)

And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this, saith the LORD of hosts. And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this, saith the LORD of hosts. You will trample on the wicked, for they will be like ashes under the soles of your feet on the day that I am preparing,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

Malachi 4:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ καταπατήσετε ἀνόμους διότι ἔσονται σποδὸς ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἐγὼ ποιῶ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ καταπατήσετε ἀνόμους, διότι ἔσονται σποδὸς ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, ᾗ ἐγὼ ποιῶ, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ

Malachi 4:3 (NETS)

Malachi 4:3 (English Elpenor)

And you shall tread down the lawless, for they will be ashes under your feet, on the day when I act, says the Lord Almighty. And ye shall trample the wicked; for they shall be ashes underneath your feet in the day which I appoint, saith the Lord Almighty.

Malachi 4:5 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:5 (KJV)

Malachi 4:5 (NET)

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: Look, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible day of the Lord arrives.

Malachi 4:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμῗν Ηλιαν τὸν Θεσβίτην πρὶν ἐλθεῗν ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστελῶ ὑμῖν ᾿Ηλίαν τὸν Θεσβίτην, πρὶν ἢ ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ

Malachi 4:4 (NETS)

Malachi 4:4 (English Elpenor)

And behold I am sending to you Elias the Thesbite before the great and notable day of the Lord comes, And, behold, I will send to you Elias the Thesbite, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes;

Malachi 4:6 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:6 (KJV)

Malachi 4:6 (NET)

And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. He will encourage fathers and their children to return to me, so that I will not come and strike the earth with judgment.”

Malachi 4:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὃς ἀποκαταστήσει καρδίαν πατρὸς πρὸς υἱὸν καὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ μὴ ἔλθω καὶ πατάξω τὴν γῆν ἄρδην ὃς ἀποκαταστήσει καρδίαν πατρὸς πρὸς υἱὸν καὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἐλθὼν πατάξω τὴν γῆν ἄρδην

Malachi 4:5 (NETS)

Malachi 4:5 (English Elpenor)

who will restore the heart of the father to the son and the heart of a person to his neighbor so that I will not come and utterly strike the land. who shall turn again the heart of the father to the son, and the heart of a man to his neighbour, lest I come and smite the earth grievously.

Malachi 4:4 (Tanakh)

Malachi 4:4 (KJV)

Malachi 4:4 (NET)

Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. “Remember the law of my servant Moses, to whom at Horeb I gave rules and regulations for all Israel to obey.

Malachi 4:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Malachi 4:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μνήσθητε νόμου Μωυσῆ τοῦ δούλου μου καθότι ἐνετειλάμην αὐτῷ ἐν Χωρηβ πρὸς πάντα τὸν Ισραηλ προστάγματα καὶ δικαιώματα μνήσθητι νόμου Μωσῆ τοῦ δούλου μου, καθότι ἐνετειλάμην αὐτῷ ἐν Χωρὴβ πρὸς πάντα τὸν ᾿Ισραὴλ προστάγματα καὶ δικαιώματα

Malachi 4:6 (NETS)

Malachi 4:6 (English Elpenor)

Remember the law of Moyses my slave, as I commanded him at Choreb with ordinances and statutes for all Israel. Remember the law of my servant Moses, accordingly as I charged him [with it] in Choreb for all Israel, [even] the commandments and ordinances.

Joel 3:5 (Tanakh)

Joel 2:32 (KJV)

Joel 2:32 (NET)

And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of HaShem shall be delivered; for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those that escape, as HaShem hath said, and among the remnant those whom HaShem shall call. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall call. It will so happen that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be delivered.  For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be those who survive, just as the Lord has promised; the remnant will be those whom the Lord will call.

Joel 2:32 (Septuagint BLB)

Joel 3:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου σωθήσεται ὅτι ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σιων καὶ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἔσται ἀνασῳζόμενος καθότι εἶπεν κύριος καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι οὓς κύριος προσκέκληται καὶ ἔσται, πᾶς, ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου, σωθήσεται· ὅτι ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σιὼν καὶ ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ ἔσται ἀνασῳζόμενος, καθότι εἶπε Κύριος, καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι, οὓς Κύριος προσκέκληται

Joel 2:32 (NETS)

Joel 3:5 (English Elpenor)

And it shall be, everyone who calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved, because in Mount Sion and in Ierousalem there shall be one who escapes, as the Lord has said, and people who have good news announced to them, whom the Lord has called. And it shall come to pass [that] whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved: for in mount Sion and in Jerusalem shall the saved one be as the Lord has said, and they that have glad tidings preached to them, whom the Lord has called.

Matthew 27:45 (NET)

Matthew 27:45 (KJV)

Now from noon until three, darkness came over all the land. Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ἀπὸ δὲ ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας εννατης απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας ενατης

Mark 15:33 (NET)

Mark 15:33 (KJV)

Now when it was noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Καὶ γενομένης ὥρας ἕκτης σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ᾿ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης γενομενης δε ωρας εκτης σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας εννατης γενομενης δε ωρας εκτης σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας ενατης

Luke 23:44, 45 (NET)

Luke 23:44, 45 (KJV)

It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon, And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Καὶ ἦν ἤδη ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ᾿ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης ην δε ωσει ωρα εκτη και σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας εννατης ην δε ωσει ωρα εκτη και σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας ενατης
because the sun’s light failed.  The temple curtain was torn in two. And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τοῦ ἡλίου |ἐκλιπόντος|, ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον και εσκοτισθη ο ηλιος και εσχισθη το καταπετασμα του ναου μεσον και εσκοτισθη ο ηλιος και εσχισθη το καταπετασμα του ναου μεσον

2 Peter 3:7 (NET)

2 Peter 3:7 (KJV)

But by the same word the present heavens and earth have been reserved for fire, by being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly. But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οἱ δὲ νῦν οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ τεθησαυρισμένοι εἰσὶν πυρί τηρούμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων οι δε νυν ουρανοι και η γη αυτου λογω τεθησαυρισμενοι εισιν πυρι τηρουμενοι εις ημεραν κρισεως και απωλειας των ασεβων ανθρωπων οι δε νυν ουρανοι και η γη τω αυτου λογω τεθησαυρισμενοι εισιν πυρι τηρουμενοι εις ημεραν κρισεως και απωλειας των ασεβων ανθρωπων

2 Peter 3:10, 11 (NET)

2 Peter 3:10, 11 (KJV)

But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze, and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare. But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

῞Ηξει δὲ ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης, ἐν ᾗ οἱ οὐρανοὶ ροιζηδὸν παρελεύσονται στοιχεῖα δὲ καυσούμενα λυθήσεται καὶ γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα εὑρεθήσεται ηξει δε η ημερα κυριου ως κλεπτης εν νυκτι εν η οι ουρανοι ροιζηδον παρελευσονται στοιχεια δε καυσουμενα λυθησονται και γη και τα εν αυτη εργα κατακαησεται ηξει δε η ημερα κυριου ως κλεπτης εν νυκτι εν η οι ουρανοι ροιζηδον παρελευσονται στοιχεια δε καυσουμενα λυθησονται και γη και τα εν αυτη εργα κατακαησεται
Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness, Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness,

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Τούτων οὕτως πάντων λυομένων ποταποὺς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν ἐν ἁγίαις ἀναστροφαῖς καὶ εὐσεβείαις τουτων ουν παντων λυομενων ποταπους δει υπαρχειν υμας εν αγιαις αναστροφαις και ευσεβειαις τουτων ουν παντων λυομενων ποταπους δει υπαρχειν υμας εν αγιαις αναστροφαις και ευσεβειαις

[1] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐνάτης here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had the alternate spelling: εννατης (KJV: ninth).

[2] Matthew 27:45 (NET)

[3] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had Καὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: And).

[4] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐνάτης here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had the alternate spelling: εννατης (KJV: ninth).

[5] Mark 15:33 (NET)

[6] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had Καὶ (not translated in the NET) at the beginning of this clause, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: And).

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἤδη here.  The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

[8] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had ἐνάτης here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had the alternate spelling: εννατης (KJV: ninth).

[9] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και at the beginning of this clause.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[10] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τοῦ ἡλίου in the genitive case here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ο ηλιος (KJV: the sun) in the nominative case.

[11] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐκλιπόντος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εσκοτισθη (KJV: was darkened).

[12] There are two additional occurrences of ἐπιφανῆ in the Maccabees: 2 Maccabees 15:34 and 3 Maccabees 5:35.

[13] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τῷ αὐτῷ here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had τῷ αυτου and the Stephanus Textus Receptus had simply αυτου.

[14] 2 Peter 3:5b-7 NET

[15] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν νυκτι (KJV: in the night) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[16] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had λυθήσεται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had λυθησονται (KJV: shall melt).

[17] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εὑρεθήσεται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had κατακαησεται (KJV: shall be burned up).

[18] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had οὕτως here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουν (KJV: Seeing then).

[19] The Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had υμας here.  The NET parallel Greek text did not.

[20] John 3:7 (NETS)

[21] Acts 2:21 (NETS)

[22] For Christ is the end of the law, with the result that there is righteousness for everyone who believes (Romans 10:4 NET).  For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin (Romans 3:20 NET).