This is a continuation of my review of the Lord’s patience with the 24,000 killed by Moses, Phineas and the judges or tribes of Israel after joining themselves to Baal of Peor. The old human (τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον)—your old self, which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires1—never learns very much from its experience with the Lord (Exodus 17:1-3a ESV).
All the congregation of the people of Israel moved on from the wilderness of Sin by stages, according to the commandment of the Lord, and camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. Therefore the people quarreled with Moses and said, “Give us water to drink.” And Moses said to them, “Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test the Lord?” [Table] But the people thirsted there for water, and the people grumbled against Moses…
The old human wasn’t learning that The Lord is at hand2 but was ruled by its own anxiety instead, unable and unwilling in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving [to] let [its] requests be made known to God.3 The truth seemed harsh when Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him,4 You are of your father the devil, and your will (θέλετε, a form of θέλω) is to do your father’s desires (ἐπιθυμίας, a form of ἐπιθυμία).5 But hear the words of the old human:
Why did you bring us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock with thirst?6
Who but the devil wishes this for the nation in whom all the families of the earth [shall] be blessed?7 So Moses cried to the Lord, “What shall I do with this people? They are almost ready to stone me.”8 But again, the Lord had a different plan (Exodus 17:5-7 ESV).
And the Lord said to Moses, “Pass on before the people, taking with you some of the elders of Israel, and take in your hand the staff with which you struck the Nile, and go [Table]. Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb, and you shall strike the rock, and water shall come out of it, and the people will drink.” And Moses did so, in the sight of the elders of Israel [Table]. And he called the name of the place Massah and Meribah, because of the quarreling of the people of Israel, and because they tested the Lord by saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?”
Jesus, the One new human, said, “Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink, nor about your body, what you will put on. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing?9 For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all [Table]. But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you [Table].10 But, how?
How does one seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness? “If anyone would come after me,” Jesus told his disciples, “let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me.”11 I didn’t read the ESV in the early years. So, I’ll go back in time: If any man will (θέλει, a form of θέλω) come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.12 I knew I couldn’t wander around after Jesus like Peter, James and John did, so I figured following Him had something to do with reading about Him in the Bible.
The stories in the Gospel narratives describing what Jesus did and said as an adult always began with the story of John the Baptist (Matthew 3:1-12 ESV):
In those days John the Baptist came preaching in the wilderness of Judea, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” For this is he who was spoken of by13 the prophet Isaiah when he said,
“The voice of one crying in the wilderness:
‘Prepare the way of the Lord; make his paths straight.’”Now John wore a garment of camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist, and his food was locusts and wild honey. Then Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region about the Jordan were going out to him, and they were baptized by him in the river14 Jordan, confessing their sins.
But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bear fruit in keeping with repentance [Table]. And do not presume to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. Even now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire [Table].
“I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire [Table]. His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat (τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ) into the barn, but the chaff (τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον) he will burn with unquenchable fire.”
An article, “Ancient Jewish History: Pharisees, Sadducees & Essenes,” on Jewish Virtual Library online describes the “factions” mentioned above:
Of the various factions that emerged under Hasmonean rule, three are of particular interest: the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes.
The Pharisees
The most important of the three were the Pharisees because they are the spiritual fathers of modern Judaism. Their main distinguishing characteristic was a belief in an Oral Law that God gave to Moses at Sinai along with the Torah. The Torah, or Written Law, was akin to the U.S. Constitution in the sense that it set down a series of laws that were open to interpretation. The Pharisees believed that God also gave Moses the knowledge of what these laws meant and how they should be applied. This oral tradition was codified and written down roughly three centuries later15 in what is known as the Talmud.
The Pharisees also maintained that an after-life existed, and that God punished the wicked and rewarded the righteous in the world to come. They also believed in a messiah who would herald an era of world peace.
Pharisees were in a sense blue-collar Jews who adhered to the tenets developed after the destruction of the Temple; that is, such things as individual prayer and assembly in synagogues.The Sadducees
The Sadducees were elitists who wanted to maintain the priestly caste, but they were also liberal in their willingness to incorporate Hellenism into their lives, something the Pharisees opposed. The Sadducees rejected the idea of the Oral Law and insisted on a literal interpretation of the Written Law; consequently, they did not believe in an afterlife, since it is not mentioned in the Torah. The focus of Sadducee life was rituals associated with the Temple.
The Sadducees disappeared around 70 A.D., after the destruction of the Second Temple. None of the writings of the Sadducees has survived, so the little we know about them comes from their Pharisaic opponents.These two “parties” served in the Great Sanhedrin, a kind of Jewish Supreme Court made up of 71 members whose responsibility was to interpret civil and religious laws.
My search on Jewish Virtual Library for “John the Baptist” found nothing of consequence. But an article, “John the Baptist – A Jewish Preacher Recast as the Herald of Jesus” on The Torah online reads:
The historical John, יוחנן, was a thoroughly Jewish religious preacher, who had little if any relation to Jesus and his movement…
Yohannan’s [John’s] use of immersion in water (“baptism”) as a symbol of purification of sins occurs in the sectarian literature found in the caves around Qumran…
John the Baptist and the Dead Sea sectarians share the use of water immersion for purification of the spirit. John may have been a member of the sect who went off on his own;[8] alternately, John may never have been part of the Essenes community, and this idea of spiritual purification through immersion was more widely known among Judeans during the late Second Temple period.
The article, “Ancient Jewish History: Pharisees, Sadducees & Essenes,” on Jewish Virtual Library online had the following to say about the Essenes:
A third faction, the Essenes, emerged out of disgust with the other two. This sect believed the others had corrupted the city and the Temple. They moved out of Jerusalem and lived a monastic life in the desert, adopting strict dietary laws and a commitment to celibacy.
The Essenes are particularly interesting to scholars because they are believed to be an offshoot of the group that lived in Qumran, near the Dead Sea. In 1947, a Bedouin shepherd stumbled into a cave containing various ancient artifacts and jars containing manuscripts describing the beliefs of the sect and events of the time.
The most important documents, often only parchment fragments that had to be meticulously restored, were the earliest known copies of the Old Testament. The similarity of the substance of the material found in the scrolls to that in the modern scriptures has confirmed the authenticity of the Bible used today.
I have already considered what happened next in Exodus in another context, but want to repeat it here as another example of the Lord’s patience with the old human as well as the limits of that patience (Exodus 17:8-13 ESV).
Then Amalek came and fought with Israel at Rephidim. So Moses said to Joshua, “Choose for us men, and go out and fight with Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the staff of God in my hand” [Table]. So Joshua did as Moses told him, and fought with Amalek, while Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill [Table]. Whenever Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and whenever he lowered his hand, Amalek prevailed [Table]. But Moses’ hands grew weary, so they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it, while Aaron and Hur held up his hands, one on one side, and the other on the other side. So his hands were steady until the going down of the sun [Table]. And Joshua overwhelmed Amalek and his people with the sword [Table].
I am willing these days to assume that if I had the Lord’s written record of his interactions with Amalek, it would show a similar pattern of patience with the old human of Amelak to that shown to the old human of Israel. I wonder, however, if there was anyone like Moses in Amalek or if that grace was reserved for the nation in whom all the families of the earth [shall] be blessed?16 When the old human of Amalek attacked the old human of Israel that the Lord had chosen, the Lord’s patience toward the old human of Amalek was diminished. (Exodus 17:14-16 ESV):
Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write this as a memorial in a book and recite it in the ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.” And Moses built an altar and called the name of it, The Lord Is My Banner, saying, “A hand upon the throne of the Lord! The Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.”
The story of Jesus as an adult continues (Matthew 3:13-17 ESV):
Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to John, to be baptized by him. John would have prevented him, saying, “I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me?” [Table] But Jesus answered him, “Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” Then he consented. And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him [Table]; and behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”
So, as I attempted to follow Jesus by reading about Him, I got baptized without knowing why. Eventually, however, I came to a story about Paul in Ephesus (Acts 19:1-6 ESV).
And it happened that while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul passed through the inland country and came17 to Ephesus. There he found18 some disciples. And19 he said to them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?” And they said,20 “No, we have not even21 heard that there is a Holy Spirit.” And he said, “Into what then were you baptized?” They said,22 “Into John’s baptism.” And Paul said,23 “John24 baptized with the baptism of repentance, telling the people to believe in the one who was to come after him, that is, Jesus.”25 On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. And when Paul had laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came26 on them, and they began speaking in tongues and prophesying.
This was Moses’ desire for all the Lord’s people27 when he became overwhelmed, feeling alone, caring for the old human of Israel (Numbers 11:16, 17 ESV).
Then the Lord said to Moses, “Gather for me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the people and officers over them, and bring them to the tent of meeting, and let them take their stand there with you. And I will come down and talk with you there. And I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them, and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, so that you may not bear it yourself alone.
The Complete Jewish Bible on Chabad.org online renders this giving of the spirit, and I will increase the spirit that is upon you and bestow it upon them. Rashi explained:
and I will increase. Heb. וְאָצַלְתִּי, as the Targum renders it: וַאִרַבֵּי, and I will increase, as in “But against the nobles of (אֲצִילֵי) the children of Israel” (Exod. 24:11).
and bestow it upon them. What did Moses resemble at that time? A candle placed upon a candelabrum; everyone lights from it, yet its brightness is not diminished. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:17, Midrash Tanchuma Beha’alothecha 12]
And the Lord did as He promised Moses (Numbers 11:24-29 ESV):
So Moses went out and told the people the words of the Lord. And he gathered seventy men of the elders of the people and placed them around the tent. Then the Lord came down in the cloud and spoke to him, and took some of the Spirit that was on him and put it28 on the seventy elders. And as soon as the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied. But they did not continue doing it.
Now two men remained in the camp, one named Eldad, and the other named Medad, and the Spirit rested on them. They were among those registered, but they had not gone out to the tent, and so they prophesied in the camp. And a young man ran and told Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.” And Joshua the son of Nun, the assistant of Moses from his youth, said, “My lord Moses, stop them.” But Moses said to him, “Are you jealous for my sake? Would that all the Lord’s people were prophets, that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!”
According to a note (4) in the NET Matthew quoted Isaiah 40:3 in Matthew 3:3. The following table compares the Greek of that quotation with the Septuagint.
|
Matthew 3:3b (NET Parallel Greek) |
Isaiah 40:3 (Septuagint BLB) |
Isaiah 40:3 (Septuagint Elpenor) |
| φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ | φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν | φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου. εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν |
|
Matthew 3:3b (NET) |
Isaiah 40:3 (NETS) |
Isaiah 40:3 (English Elpenor) |
| The voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’ | A voice of one crying out in the wilderness; “Prepare the way of the Lord; make straight the paths of our God. | The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight the paths of our God. |
Tables comparing Exodus 17:1; 17:3; 17:4; 17:7; 17:8; 17:14; 17:15; 17:16; Numbers 11:29; 11:16; 11:17; 11:24; 11:25; 11:26; 11:27; 11:28 and Isaiah 40:3 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Exodus 17:1; 17:3; 17:4; 17:7; 17:8; 17:14; 17:15; 17:16; Numbers 11:29; 11:16; 11:17; 11:24; 11:25; 11:26; 11:27; 11:28 and Isaiah 40:3 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Matthew 3:3; 3:6; Acts 19:1-4 and 19:6 in the NET and KJV follow.
| And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, by their stages, according to the commandment of HaShem, and encamped in Rephidim; and there was no water for the people to drink. | And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink. | The whole community of the Israelites traveled on their journey from the wilderness of Sin according to the Lord’s instruction, and they pitched camp in Rephidim. Now there was no water for the people to drink. |
| καὶ ἀπῆρεν πᾶσα συναγωγὴ υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου Σιν κατὰ παρεμβολὰς αὐτῶν διὰ ῥήματος κυρίου καὶ παρενεβάλοσαν ἐν Ραφιδιν οὐκ ἦν δὲ ὕδωρ τῷ λαῷ πιεῖν | ΚΑΙ ἀπῇρε πᾶσα συναγωγὴ υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου Σὶν κατὰ παρεμβολὰς αὐτῶν διά ῥήματος Κυρίου καὶ παρενεβάλοσαν ἐν Ῥαφιδείν· οὐκ ἦν δὲ ὕδωρ τῷ λαῷ πιεῖν |
| And the entire congregation of the sons of Israel set out from the wilderness of Sin according to their encampments by the word of the Lord, and they camped at Raphidin. But there was no water for the people to drink. | And all the congregation of the children of Israel departed from the wilderness of Sin, according to their encampments, by the word of the Lord; and they encamped in Raphidin: and there was no water for the people to drink. |
| And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said: ‘Wherefore hast thou brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?’ | And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? | But the people were very thirsty there for water, and they murmured against Moses and said, “Why in the world did you bring us up from Egypt—to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?” |
| ἐδίψησεν δὲ ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς ὕδατι καὶ ἐγόγγυζεν ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγοντες ἵνα τί τοῦτο ἀνεβίβασας ἡμᾶς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀποκτεῖναι ἡμᾶς καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη τῷ δίψει | ἐδίψησε δὲ ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς ὕδατι, καὶ διεγόγγυζεν ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγοντες· ἱνατί τοῦτο; ἀνεβίβασας ἡμᾶς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀποκτεῖναι ἡμᾶς καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη τῷ δίψει |
| But the people thirsted there for water, and the people kept complaining against Moyses, saying, “Why is it that you brought us up from Egypt to kill us and our children and animals with thirst?” | And the people thirsted there for water, and there the people murmured against Moses, saying, Why is this? hast thou brought us up out of Egypt to slay us and our children and our cattle with thirst? |
| And Moses cried unto HaShem, saying: ‘What shall I do unto this people? they are almost ready to stone me.’ | And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they be almost ready to stone me. | Then Moses cried out to the Lord, “What will I do with this people?—a little more and they will stone me!” |
| ἐβόησεν δὲ Μωυσῆς πρὸς κύριον λέγων τί ποιήσω τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ ἔτι μικρὸν καὶ καταλιθοβολήσουσίν με | ἐβόησε δὲ Μωυσῆς πρὸς Κύριον λέγων· τί ποιήσω τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ; ἔτι μικρὸν καὶ καταλιθοβολήσουσί με |
| Then Moyses cried out to the Lord, saying, “What shall I do with this people? A little while yet and they will stone me!” | And Moses cried to the Lord, saying, What shall I do to this people? yet a little while and they will stone me. |
| And the name of the place was called Massah, and Meribah, because of the striving of the children of Israel, and because they tried HaShem, saying: ‘Is HaShem among us, or not?’ | And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not? | He called the name of the place Massah and Meribah, because of the contending of the Israelites and because of their testing the Lord, saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?” |
| καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου πειρασμὸς καὶ λοιδόρησις διὰ τὴν λοιδορίαν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ διὰ τὸ πειράζειν κύριον λέγοντας εἰ ἔστιν κύριος ἐν ἡμῖν ἢ οὔ | καὶ ἐπωνόμασε τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου Πειρασμὸς καὶ Λοιδόρησις, διὰ τὴν λοιδορίαν τῶν υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ διὰ τὸ πειράζειν Κύριον λέγοντας· εἰ ἔστι Κύριος ἐν ἡμῖν ἢ οὔ |
| And he called the name of that place Testing and Raillery because of the railing of the sons of Israel and because they tested the Lord, saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?” | And he called the name of that place, Temptation, and Reviling, because of the reviling of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the Lord, saying, Is the Lord among us or not? |
| Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. | Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. | Amalek came and attacked Israel in Rephidim. |
| ἦλθεν δὲ Αμαληκ καὶ ἐπολέμει Ισραηλ ἐν Ραφιδιν | ῏Ηλθε δὲ ᾿Αμαλὴκ καὶ ἐπολέμει ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν Ῥαφιδείν |
| Then Amalek came and was fighting Israel at Raphidin. | And Amalec came and fought with Israel in Raphidin. |
| And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.’ | And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. | The Lord said to Moses, “Write this as a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in Joshua’s hearing; for I will surely wipe out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.” |
| εἶπεν δὲ κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν κατάγραψον τοῦτο εἰς μνημόσυνον ἐν βιβλίῳ καὶ δὸς εἰς τὰ ὦτα Ἰησοῖ ὅτι ἀλοιφῇ ἐξαλείψω τὸ μνημόσυνον Αμαληκ ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν | εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· κατάγραψον τοῦτο εἰς μνημόσυνονἐν [probably μνημόσυνον ἐν] βιβλίῳ καὶ δὸς εἰς τὰ ὦτα ᾿Ιησοῦ, ὅτι ἀλοιφῇ ἐξαλείψω τὸ μνημόσυνον ᾿Αμαλὴκ ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν |
| Then the Lord said to Moyses, “Write this down for a memorial in a book, and put into the ears of Iesous that with a wipe out I will wipe out the memorial of Amalek from what is beneath heaven. | And the Lord said to Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and speak [this] in the ears of Joshua; for I will utterly blot out the memorial of Amalec from under heaven. |
| And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Adonai-nissi. | And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi: | Moses built an altar, and he called it “The Lord is my Banner,” |
| καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Μωυσῆς θυσιαστήριον κυρίῳ καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ κύριός μου καταφυγή | καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε Μωυσῆς θυσιαστήριον Κυρίῳ καὶ ἐπωνόμασε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Κύριος καταφυγή μου |
| And Moyses built an altar to the Lord and called its name “The Lord is my refuge,” | And Moses built an altar to the Lord, and called the name of it, The Lord my Refuge. |
| And he said: ‘The hand upon the throne of HaShem: HaShem will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.’ | For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation. | for he said, “For a hand was lifted up to the throne of the Lord—that the Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” |
| ὅτι ἐν χειρὶ κρυφαίᾳ πολεμεῖ κύριος ἐπὶ Αμαληκ ἀπὸ γενεῶν εἰς γενεάς | ὅτι ἐν χειρὶ κρυφαίᾳ πολεμεῖ Κύριος ἐπὶ ᾿Αμαλὴκ ἀπὸ γενεῶν εἰς γενεᾶς |
| because by a secret hand the Lord fights against Amalek from generations to generations. | For with a secret hand the Lord wages war upon Amalec to all generations. |
| And Moses said unto him: ‘Art thou jealous for my sake? would that all HaShem’S people were prophets, that HaShem would put His spirit upon them!’ | And Moses said unto him, Enviest thou for my sake? would God that all the LORD’S people were prophets, and that the LORD would put his spirit upon them! | Moses said to him, “Are you jealous for me? I wish that all the Lord’s people were prophets, that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!” |
| καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Μωυσῆς μὴ ζηλοῖς σύ μοι καὶ τίς δῴη πάντα τὸν λαὸν κυρίου προφήτας ὅταν δῷ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς | καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς αὐτῷ· μὴ ζηλοῖς ἐμέ; καὶ τίς δῴη πάντα τὸν λαὸν Κυρίου προφήτας, ὅταν δῷ Κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ αὐτούς |
| And Moyses said to him, “Are you really jealous for me? And who might grant that all the Lord’s people be prophets, when the Lord grants his spirit upon them?” | And Moses said to him, Art thou jealous on my account? and would that all the Lord’s people were prophets; whenever the Lord shall put his spirit upon them. |
| And HaShem said unto Moses: ‘Gather unto Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them; and bring them unto the tent of meeting, that they may stand there with thee. | And the LORD said unto Moses, Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand there with thee. | The Lord said to Moses, “Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know are elders of the people and officials over them, and bring them to the tent of meeting; let them take their position there with you. |
| καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν συνάγαγέ μοι ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων Ισραηλ οὓς αὐτὸς σὺ οἶδας ὅτι οὗτοί εἰσιν πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἄξεις αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ στήσονται ἐκεῖ μετὰ σοῦ | καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· συνάγαγέ μοι ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ᾿Ισραήλ, οὓς αὐτὸς σὺ οἶδας, ὅτι οὗτοί εἰσι πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν. καὶ ἄξεις αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ στήσονται ἐκεῖ μετὰ σοῦ |
| And the Lord said to Moyses, “Gather for me seventy men from the elders of Israel, whom you personally know that they are elders of the people and are their scribes, and you shall lead them to the tent of witness, and they shall stand there with you. | And the Lord said to Moses, Gather me seventy men from the elders of Israel, whom thou thyself knowest that they are the elders of the people, and their scribes; and thou shalt bring them to the tabernacle of witness, and they shall stand there with thee. |
| And I will come down and speak with thee there; and I will take of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone. | And I will come down and talk with thee there: and I will take of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone. | Then I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take part of the Spirit that is on you, and will put it on them, and they will bear some of the burden of the people with you, so that you do not bear it all by yourself. |
| καὶ καταβήσομαι καὶ λαλήσω ἐκεῖ μετὰ σοῦ καὶ ἀφελῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἐπὶ σοὶ καὶ ἐπιθήσω ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς καὶ συναντιλήμψονται μετὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁρμὴν τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ οὐκ οἴσεις αὐτοὺς σὺ μόνος | καὶ καταβήσομαι καὶ λαλήσω ἐκεῖ μετὰ σοῦ καὶ ἀφελῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἐπὶ σοὶ καὶ ἐπιθήσω ἐπ’ αὐτούς, καὶ συναντιλήψονται μετὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁρμὴν τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ οὐκ οἴσεις αὐτοὺς σὺ μόνος |
| And I will come down and speak there with you, and I will remove some of the spirit that is upon you, and I will place it upon them, and they shall assist you with the onslaught of the people, and you will not bear them alone. | And I will go down, and speak there with thee; and I will take of the spirit that is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear together with thee the burden of the people, and thou shalt not bear them alone. |
| And Moses went out, and told the people the words of HaShem; and he gathered seventy men of the elders of the people, and set them round about the Tent. | And Moses went out, and told the people the words of the LORD, and gathered the seventy men of the elders of the people, and set them round about the tabernacle. | So Moses went out and told the people the words of the Lord. He then gathered seventy men of the elders of the people and had them stand around the tabernacle. |
| καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Μωυσῆς καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τὰ ῥήματα κυρίου καὶ συνήγαγεν ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτοὺς κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς | καὶ ἐξῆλθε Μωυσῆς καὶ ἐλάλησε πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τὰ ρήματα Κυρίου καὶ συνήγαγεν ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτοὺς κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς |
| And Moyses went out and spoke to the people the words of the Lord, and he gathered seventy men from the elders of the people, and he placed them around the tent. | And Moses went out, and spoke the words of the Lord to the people; and he gathered seventy men of the elders of the people, and he set them round about the tabernacle. |
| And HaShem came down in the cloud, and spoke unto him, and took of the spirit that was upon him, and put it upon the seventy elders; and it came to pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, but they did so no more. | And the LORD came down in a cloud, and spake unto him, and took of the spirit that was upon him, and gave it unto the seventy elders: and it came to pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, and did not cease. | And the Lord came down in the cloud and spoke to them, and he took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and put it on the seventy elders. When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied, but did not do so again. |
| καὶ κατέβη κύριος ἐν νεφέλῃ καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτόν καὶ παρείλατο ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ὡς δὲ ἐπανεπαύσατο τὸ πνεῦμα ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς καὶ ἐπροφήτευσαν καὶ οὐκέτι προσέθεντο | καὶ κατέβη Κύριος ἐν νεφέλῃ καὶ ἐλάλησε πρὸς αὐτόν· καὶ παρείλατο ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους· ὡς δὲ ἐπανεπαύσατο πνεῦμα ἐπ’ αὐτούς, καὶ ἐπροφήτευσαν καὶ οὐκ ἔτι προσέθεντο |
| And the Lord came down in a cloud and spoke to him and took away some of the spirit that was upon him and put it upon the seventy men who were elders. Now as the spirit rested upon them, they also prophesied, and they no longer added. | And the Lord came down in a cloud, and spoke to him, and took of the spirit that was upon him, and put it upon the seventy men that were elders; and when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied and ceased. |
| But there remained two men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad; and the spirit rested upon them; and they were of them that were recorded, but had not gone out unto the Tent; and they prophesied in the camp. | But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad: and the spirit rested upon them; and they were of them that were written, but went not out unto the tabernacle: and they prophesied in the camp. | But two men remained in the camp; one’s name was Eldad, and the other’s name was Medad. And the Spirit rested on them. (Now they were among those in the registration, but had not gone to the tabernacle.) So they prophesied in the camp. |
| καὶ κατελείφθησαν δύο ἄνδρες ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ ὄνομα τῷ ἑνὶ Ελδαδ καὶ ὄνομα τῷ δευτέρῳ Μωδαδ καὶ ἐπανεπαύσατο ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ οὗτοι ἦσαν τῶν καταγεγραμμένων καὶ οὐκ ἦλθον πρὸς τὴν σκηνήν καὶ ἐπροφήτευσαν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ | καὶ κατελείφθησαν δύο ἄνδρες ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ, ὄνομα τῷ ἑνὶ ῾Ελδὰδ καὶ ὄνομα τῷ δευτέρῳ Μωδάδ, καὶ ἐπανεπαύσατο ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα· καὶ οὗτοι ἦσαν τῶν καταγεγραμμένων καὶ οὐκ ἦλθον πρὸς τὴν σκηνήν· καὶ ἐπροφήτευσαν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ |
| And two men were left in the camp, the name of the one Eldad and the name of the second Modad, and the spirit rested upon them. And these are among the ones who had been registered, and they did not go to the tent, and they prophesied in the camp. | And there were two men left in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Modad; and the spirit rested upon them, and these were of the number of them that were enrolled, but they did not come to the tabernacle; and they prophesied in the camp. |
| And there ran a young man, and told Moses, and said: ‘Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.’ | And there ran a young man, and told Moses, and said, Eldad and Medad do prophesy in the camp. | And a young man ran and told Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp!” |
| καὶ προσδραμὼν ὁ νεανίσκος ἀπήγγειλεν Μωυσῇ καὶ εἶπεν λέγων Ελδαδ καὶ Μωδαδ προφητεύουσιν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ | καὶ προσδραμὼν ὁ νεανίσκος ἀπήγγειλε Μωυσῇ καὶ εἶπε λέγων· ῾Ελδὰδ καὶ Μωδὰδ προφητεύουσιν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ |
| And the young man ran out and reported to Moyses and spoke, saying, “Eldad and Modad are prophesying in the camp.” | And a young man ran and told Moses, and spoke, saying, Eldad and Modad prophesy in the camp. |
| And Joshua the son of Nun, the minister of Moses from his youth up, answered and said: ‘My lord Moses, shut them in.’ | And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, My lord Moses, forbid them. | Joshua son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his choice young men, said, “My lord Moses, stop them!” |
| καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη ὁ παρεστηκὼς Μωυσῇ ὁ ἐκελεκτὸς εἶπεν κύριε Μωυσῆ κώλυσον αὐτούς | καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ᾿Ιησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυὴ ὁ παρεστηκὼς Μωυσῇ, ὁ ἐκλεκτός, εἶπε· κύριε Μωυσῆ, κώλυσον αὐτούς |
| And Iesous the son of Naue, the one who stood by Moyses, the chosen one, said, “O Sir Moyses—stop them!” | And a young man ran and told Moses, and spoke, saying, Eldad and Modad prophesy in the camp. |
| The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. | The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. | A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord; build a level road through the rift valley for our God. |
| φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν | φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου. εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν |
| A voice of one crying out in the wilderness; “Prepare the way of the Lord; make straight the paths of our God. | The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight the paths of our God. |
|
Matthew 3:3 (KJV) |
|
| For he is the one about whom the prophet Isaiah had spoken: “The voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’” | For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. |
| οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ρηθεὶς διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ | ουτος γαρ εστιν ο ρηθεις υπο ησαιου του προφητου λεγοντος φωνη βοωντος εν τη ερημω ετοιμασατε την οδον κυριου ευθειας ποιειτε τας τριβους αυτου | ουτος γαρ εστιν ο ρηθεις υπο ησαιου του προφητου λεγοντος φωνη βοωντος εν τη ερημω ετοιμασατε την οδον κυριου ευθειας ποιειτε τας τριβους αυτου |
|
Matthew 3:6 (KJV) |
|
| and he was baptizing them in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins. | And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. |
| καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ ποταμῷ ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν | και εβαπτιζοντο εν τω ιορδανη υπ αυτου εξομολογουμενοι τας αμαρτιας αυτων | και εβαπτιζοντο εν τω ιορδανη υπ αυτου εξομολογουμενοι τας αμαρτιας αυτων |
|
Acts 19:1-4 (KJV) |
|
| While Apollos was in Corinth, Paul went through the inland regions and came to Ephesus. | And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples, |
| Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ τὸν Ἀπολλῶ εἶναι ἐν Κορίνθῳ Παῦλον διελθόντα τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ μέρη [κατ]ελθεῖν εἰς Ἔφεσον καὶ εὑρεῖν τινας μαθητὰς | εγενετο δε εν τω τον απολλω ειναι εν κορινθω παυλον διελθοντα τα ανωτερικα μερη ελθειν εις εφεσον και ευρων τινας μαθητας | εγενετο δε εν τω τον απολλω ειναι εν κορινθω παυλον διελθοντα τα ανωτερικα μερη ελθειν εις εφεσον και ευρων τινας μαθητας |
| and said to them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?” They replied, “No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.” | He said unto them, Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost. |
| εἶπεν τε πρὸς αὐτούς· εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐλάβετε πιστεύσαντες; οἱ δὲ πρὸς αὐτόν· ἀλλ᾿ οὐδ᾿ εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν ἠκούσαμεν | ειπεν προς αυτους ει πνευμα αγιον ελαβετε πιστευσαντες οι δε ειπον προς αυτον αλλ ουδε ει πνευμα αγιον εστιν ηκουσαμεν | ειπεν προς αυτους ει πνευμα αγιον ελαβετε πιστευσαντες οι δε ειπον προς αυτον αλλ ουδε ει πνευμα αγιον εστιν ηκουσαμεν |
| So Paul said, “Into what then were you baptized?” “Into John’s baptism,” they replied. | And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto John’s baptism. |
| εἶπεν τε· εἰς τί οὖν ἐβαπτίσθητε; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· εἰς τὸ Ἰωάννου βάπτισμα | ειπεν τε προς αυτους εις τι ουν εβαπτισθητε οι δε ειπον εις το ιωαννου βαπτισμα | ειπεν τε προς αυτους εις τι ουν εβαπτισθητε οι δε ειπον εις το ιωαννου βαπτισμα |
| Paul said, “John baptized with a baptism of repentance, telling the people to believe in the one who was to come after him, that is, in Jesus.” | Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus. |
| εἶπεν δὲ Παῦλος· Ἰωάννης ἐβάπτισεν βάπτισμα μετανοίας τῷ λαῷ λέγων εἰς τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετ᾿ αὐτὸν ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν, τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν | ειπεν δε παυλος ιωαννης μεν εβαπτισεν βαπτισμα μετανοιας τω λαω λεγων εις τον ερχομενον μετ αυτον ινα πιστευσωσιν τουτ εστιν εις τον χριστον ιησουν | ειπεν δε παυλος ιωαννης μεν εβαπτισεν βαπτισμα μετανοιας τω λαω λεγων εις τον ερχομενον μετ αυτον ινα πιστευσωσιν τουτ εστιν εις τον χριστον ιησουν |
|
Acts 19:6 (KJV) |
|
| and when Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they began to speak in tongues and to prophesy. | And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied. |
| καὶ ἐπιθέντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ Παύλου [τὰς] χεῖρας ἦλθε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς, ἐλάλουν τε γλώσσαις καὶ ἐπροφήτευον | και επιθεντος αυτοις του παυλου τας χειρας ηλθεν το πνευμα το αγιον επ αυτους ελαλουν τε γλωσσαις και προεφητευον | και επιθεντος αυτοις του παυλου τας χειρας ηλθεν το πνευμα το αγιον επ αυτους ελαλουν τε γλωσσαις και προεφητευον |
1 Ephesians 4:22b (ESV)
2 Philippians 4:5b (ESV)
3 Philippians 4:6b (ESV)
4 John 8:31a (ESV)
6 Exodus 17:3b (ESV)
8 Exodus 17:4 (ESV)
10 Matthew 6:32, 33 (ESV)
11 Matthew 16:24 (ESV)
12 Matthew 16:24 (KJV)
13 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had διὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had υπο.
14 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ποταμῷ here, a form of the noun ποταμός. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.
15 “In the 3rd century CE, Rabbenu Hakadosh realized that because of growing hardships and persecutions the Jews might not be able to retain by memory all these traditional laws, so he decided to record them.” From “The Oral Law: Mishnah” on Chabad.org online.
17 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had κατελθεῖν here, an infinitive form of κατέρχομαι, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ελθειν, an infinitive form of ἔρχομαι.
18 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εὑρεῖν here, an infinitive form of εὑρίσκω, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ευρων (KJV: finding), a nominative participle.
19 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τε here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.
20 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον (KJV: they said) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
21 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had οὐδ᾿ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουδε (KJV: not so much as).
22 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἶπαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον.
23 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προς αυτους (KJV: unto them) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
24 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μεν (KJV: verily) following John. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
25 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had χριστον (KJV: Christ) preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.
26 The NET parallel Greek text had ἦλθε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had ἦλθεν.
27 Numbers 11:29 (ESV)
28 …and He increased some of the spirit that was on him and bestowed it… Numbers 11:25 (The Complete Jewish Bible)