Father, Son and Holy Spirit – Part 9

Posted on August 18, 2023 by admin

This is a continuation of my intent to become much more familiar with the Greek translation of יְהֹוָ֨ה (Yᵊhōvâ) and יֱהֹוִה֙ (yᵊhōvâ) in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:1 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:1 (NET)	Genesis 3:1 (NETS)	Genesis 3:1 (English Elpenor)
Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which HaShem (יְהֹוָ֣ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֑ים) had made. And he said unto the woman: ‘Yea, hath G-d (אֱלֹהִ֔ים) said: Ye shall not eat of any tree of the garden?’ [Table]	Now the serpent was shrewder than any of the wild animals that the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) had made. He said to the woman, “Is it really true that God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) said, ‘You must not eat from any tree of the orchard’?”	Now the snake was the most sagacious of all the wild animals that were upon the earth, which the Lord (κύριος) God (ὁ θεός) had made. And the snake said to the woman, “Why is it that God (ὁ θεός) said, ‘You shall not eat from any tree that is in the orchard’?” [Table]	NOW the serpent was the most crafty of all the brutes on the earth, which the Lord (Κύριος) God (ὁ Θεός) made, and the serpent said to the woman, Wherefore has God (ὁ Θεός) said, Eat not of every tree of the garden?

Here the narrator called God יְהֹוָ֣ה (Yᵊhōvâ) אֱלֹהִ֑ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text, which was corroborated by Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς in the Septuagint. But the serpent said אֱלֹהִ֔ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text, and ὁ Θεὸς in the Septuagint.

When did this happen? Is it still Friday, the sixth day? I’m going to say, no, because the text sounds like the sixth day was concluded before this happened: God saw all that he had made—and it was very good! There was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day.¹ So, is it Saturday, the Sabbath? Again, I’ll say, no, because of the way I hear the text (Genesis 2:1-3 NET):

The heavens and the earth were completed with everything that was in them [Table]. By the seventh day God finished the work that he had been doing, and he ceased on the seventh day all the work that he had been doing [Table]. God blessed the seventh day and made it holy because on it he ceased all the work that he had been doing in creation [Table].

So, I’m going to say that this conversation between Eve and the serpent occurred sometime between the following Sunday and Eve’s first conception. And the latter is just for my convenience, so I don’t have to deal with the ramifications of a child conceived before Adam sinned. I’ll leave that kind of speculation to Dan Brown. Maybe I’ll see the movie if Ron Howard is so inclined.

Eve corrected the serpent’s error:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:2, 3 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:2, 3 (NET)	Genesis 3:2, 3 (NETS)	Genesis 3:2, 3 (English Elpenor)
And the woman said unto the serpent: ‘Of the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat; [Table]	The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat of the fruit from the trees of the orchard;	And the woman said to the snake, “We shall eat of the fruit of the tree of the orchard, [Table]	And the woman said to the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden,
but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, G-d (אֱלֹהִ֗ים) hath said: Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die’ [Table].	but concerning the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the orchard God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) said, ‘You must not eat from it, and you must not touch it, or else you will die.’”	but of the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the orchard, God (ὁ θεός) said, ‘You shall not eat of it nor shall you even touch it, lest you die’” [Table].	but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God (ὁ Θεός) said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.

Here Eve called God אֱלֹהִ֗ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text and ὁ Θεός in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:4, 5 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:4, 5 (NET)	Genesis 3:4, 5 (NETS)	Genesis 3:4, 5 (English Elpenor)
And the serpent said unto the woman: ‘Ye shall not surely die; [Table]	The serpent said to the woman, “Surely you will not die,	And the snake said to the woman, “You will not die by death, [Table]	And the serpent said to the woman, Ye shall not surely die.
for G-d (אֱלֹהִ֔ים) doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as G-d (כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים), knowing good and evil’ [Table].	for God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like God (ĕlōhîm, כאלהים), knowing good and evil.”	for God (ὁ θεὸς) knew that on the day you eat of it, your eyes would be opened, and you would be like gods (θεοὶ) knowing good and evil” [Table].	For God (ὁ Θεός) knew that in whatever day ye should eat of it your eyes would be opened, and ye would be as gods (θεοί), knowing good and evil.

Here the serpent called God אֱלֹהִ֔ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text and ὁ Θεός in the Septuagint. He told Eve ye shall be as G-d, כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text, which was translated θεοί (gods) in the Septuagint. The Masoretic text was translated gods in the KJV and angels in the Tanakh on chabad.org.

I’ve been thinking a lot lately about Satan’s working (ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ): with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,² especially false wonders (τέρασιν ψεύδους). In another essay I developed a working definition of signs and wonders, and false wonders:

I’ll try to use forms of σημεῖον for the sign, the thing itself, and forms of τέρας for the wonder, the voice of the sign (τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ σημείου), the effect it has on the one who witnesses the sign, to believe (Tanakh/KJV/NET) the messenger and ultimately the word of God.³

For false messiahs and false prophets will appear, Jesus warned, and perform great signs and wonders (τέρατα, another form of τέρας) to deceive, if possible, even the elect.⁴ Without specifying exactly what any particular sign would be, Jesus warned that the wonder, the voice of the sign, would not result in confidence in the truth, God’s word, the Scriptures: great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect.⁵

The serpent had nothing to do with this particular sign (Genesis 2:16, 17 NET):

Then the Lord God commanded the man, “You may freely eat fruit from every tree of the orchard [Table], but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will surely die” [Table].

The serpent simply appropriated God’s instruction to give Eve a false wonder. The Greek word translated perform in Jesus’ saying perform great signs and wonders was not a form of ποιέω. It was δώσουσιν, a form of δίδωμι: to give. The table below comparing God’s words to the serpent’s words highlights the subtlety, shrewdness, sagacity and craftiness of the serpent.

God said… (Genesis 2:16b NET)	The serpent said… (Genesis 3:1b NET)
You may freely eat fruit from every tree of the orchard	Is it really true that God said, ‘You must not eat from any tree of the orchard’?

I suppose it’s possible to think that the serpent was even more shrewd than this. The English translation of the Elpenor Septuagint renders it: Wherefore has God said, Eat not of every tree of the garden? In any case the serpent asked Eve a question which seemed like an obvious misunderstanding, easy to correct or clarify. When she did so, the serpent’s reply was more direct.

God said… (Genesis 2:17 NET)	The serpent said… (Genesis 3:4, 5 NET)
but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will surely die	Surely you will not die, for God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.

Surely you will not die, is almost too direct. It tips the serpent’s hand too soon. But studying the Bible gives me potentially more knowledge than Eve had living in the moment. And the serpent’s directness coupled with the absence of any biblical evidence to the contrary persuades me that Eve never heard God’s words directly. So the serpent didn’t refute God as far as Eve knew, only his messenger, Adam.

Is there a wife alive who doesn’t know that her husband is often confused and misunderstands the things she says? How much confidence does that inspire? Couldn’t Adam have misunderstood or miscommunicated God’s words? And that brings me to the serpent’s false wonder:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:6 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:6 (NET)	Genesis 3:6 (NETS)	Genesis 3:6 (English Elpenor)
And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat [Table].	When the woman saw that the tree produced fruit that was good for food, was attractive to the eye, and was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruit and ate it. She also gave some of it to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.	And the woman saw that the tree was good for food and that it was pleasing for the eyes to look at and it was beautiful to contemplate, and when she had taken of its fruit she ate, and she also gave some to her husband with her, and they ate [Table].	And the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes to look upon and beautiful to contemplate, and having taken of its fruit she ate, and she gave to her husband also with her, and they ate.

The false wonder was that Eve believed, not the word of God or his messenger (her husband) but, the serpent’s word. For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive…⁶ The Greek word translated to deceive here was πλανῆσαι, a form of πλανάω: “to lead astray, cause to wander; to misguide, lead away from the right path; to mislead, deceive (someone)…origin of the English word ‘planet’ meaning wanderer because while the stars are fixed in place, the planets seemed to wander around the night sky.”

But I am afraid, Paul wrote, that⁷ just as the serpent deceived (ἐξηπάτησεν, a form of ἐξαπατάω) Eve by his treachery (πανουργίᾳ), your⁸ minds may be led astray (φθαρῇ, a form of φθείρω) from a sincere and pure devotion⁹ to Christ.¹⁰ His description of this false wonder sounds almost like seduction. And Adam was not deceived (ἠπατήθη, a form of ἀπατάω), but the woman, because she was fully deceived (ἐξαπατηθεῖσα, a form of ἐξαπατάω), fell into transgression (παραβάσει, a form of παράβασις).¹¹ In other words, Adam was not seduced, not by the serpent, and not by Eve to whatever extent she had become a false prophet (ψευδοπροφῆται, a form of ψευδοπροφήτης) of the serpent’s words.

Adam heard God’s command with his own ears. Adam violated God’s command with his eyes wide open because violating God’s command is what Adam wanted to do (Romans 5:12-14 NET):

So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned—for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed (παραβάσεως, another form of παράβασις) [Table].

Adam’s disobedience, his transgression of God’s command, opened both their eyes:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:7 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:7 (NET)	Genesis 3:7 (NETS)	Genesis 3:7 (English Elpenor)
And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made themselves girdles [Table].	Then the eyes of both of them opened, and they knew they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.	And the eyes of the two were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves [Table].	And the eyes of both were opened, and they perceived that they were naked, and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons to go round them.

I don’t think Eve intended to disobey God but rather to be like God, knowing good (Hebrew: ṭôḇ, ט֥וֹב; Greek: καλὸν, a form of καλός) and evil (Hebrew: raʿ, וָרָֽע; Greek: πονηρόν, a form of πονηρός).¹² She only knew good up to that moment: God saw all that he had made—and it was very good (Hebrew: ṭôḇ, ט֖וֹב; Greek: καλὰ, another form of καλός)!¹³ I know that, but did she?

In the science fiction movie Blade Runner replicants were man-made humans used off-world as slaves, soldiers or sex-workers. Some were smarter, most were stronger, than natural-born human beings. All were created with four year lifespans. Roy Batty (Rutger Hauer) returned to earth seeking an audience with his creator to gain a longer life for himself and his replicant friends/accomplices. His way was impeded by Rick Deckard (Harrison Ford), a reluctant thug of a law enforcement officer called a blade runner, tasked with hunting down and killing Roy and his friends/accomplices, the rebellious replicants natural-born human beings now feared and outlawed. Deckard’s boss Bryant (M. Emmet Walsh) put a fine point on his situation: “You know the score, Pal. If you’re not cop, you’re little people.”

Replicants were created as fully grown adults. In this Adam and Eve seem more like replicants than their natural-born descendants. Replicants were implanted with “false memories to give them the years of experiences that humans take for granted, creating a ‘cushion or pillow for their emotions.’”¹⁴ It seems fitting somehow that human beings would give their creation “false memories.” It makes sense to me that God would give something similar but true to his creation. Though the text doesn’t say it, I wouldn’t be surprised to learn that God taught Adam and Eve the content of Genesis 1 on that first Sabbath day. (If He went on to the content of Genesis 2, I need to reconsider Eve’s knowledge of God’s prohibition.)

Be that as it may, Eve’s faith in the serpent’s word introduced her to evil.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 3:8-10 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:8-10 (NET)	Genesis 3:8-10 (NETS)	Genesis 3:8-10 (English Elpenor)
And they heard the voice of HaShem (יְהֹוָ֧ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֛ים) walking in the garden toward the cool of the day; and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of HaShem (יְהֹוָ֣ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֔ים) amongst the trees of the garden.	Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) moving about in the orchard at the breezy time of the day, and they hid from the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) among the trees of the orchard.	And they heard the sound of the Lord (κυρίου) God (τοῦ θεοῦ) walking about in the orchard in the evening, and both Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord (κυρίου) God (τοῦ θεοῦ) in the midst of the timber of the orchard.	And they heard the voice of the Lord (Κυρίου) God (τοῦ Θεοῦ) walking in the garden in the afternoon; and both Adam and his wife hid themselves from the face of the Lord (Κυρίου) God (τοῦ Θεοῦ) in the midst of the trees of the garden.
And HaShem (יְהֹוָ֥ה) G-d (אֱלֹהִ֖ים) called unto the man, and said unto him: ‘Where art thou?’	But the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) God (ĕlōhîm, אלהים) called to the man and said to him, “Where are you?”	And the Lord (κύριος) God (ὁ θεὸς) called Adam and said to him, “Adam, where are you?”	And the Lord (Κύριος) God (ὁ Θεὸς) called Adam and said to him, Adam, where art thou?
And he said: ‘I heard Thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.’	The man replied, “I heard you moving about in the orchard, and I was afraid because I was naked, so I hid.”	And he said to him, “I heard the sound of you walking about in the orchard, and I was afraid, because I am naked, and I hid myself.”	And he said to him, I heard thy voice as thou walkedst in the garden, and I feared because I was naked and I hid myself.

Here the narrator called God יְהֹוָ֧ה (Yᵊhōvâ) אֱלֹהִ֖ים (ĕlōhîm) in the Masoretic text which was corroborated by Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ and Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς in the Septuagint. And Adam and Eve, though covered in clothing of their own design and manufacture, were naked and ashamed, and hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God.

I’ll pick this up in another essay.

Tables comparing Genesis 3:8; 3:9 and 3:10 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET; and tables comparing Genesis 3:8; 3:9 and 3:10 in the BLB and Elpenor versions of the Septuagint with the English translations from Hebrew and Greek, and a table comparing the Greek of 2 Corinthians 11:3 the NET and KJV follow.

Genesis 3:8 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:8 (KJV)	Genesis 3:8 (NET)
And they heard the voice of HaShem G-d walking in the garden toward the cool of the day; and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of HaShem G-d amongst the trees of the garden.	And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.	Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord God moving about in the orchard at the breezy time of the day, and they hid from the Lord God among the trees of the orchard.

Genesis 3:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 3:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἤκουσαν τὴν φωνὴν κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τὸ δειλινόν καὶ ἐκρύβησαν ὅ τε Αδαμ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ παραδείσου	Καὶ ἤκουσαν τῆς φωνῆς Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τὸ δειλινόν, καὶ ἐκρύβησαν ὅ τε ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ προσώπου Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ παραδείσου
Genesis 3:8 (NETS)	Genesis 3:8 (English Elpenor)
And they heard the sound of the Lord God walking about in the orchard in the evening, and both Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God in the midst of the timber of the orchard.	And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the afternoon; and both Adam and his wife hid themselves from the face of the Lord God in the midst of the trees of the garden.

Genesis 3:9 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:9 (KJV)	Genesis 3:9 (NET)
And HaShem G-d called unto the man, and said unto him: ‘Where art thou?’	And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou?	But the Lord God called to the man and said to him, “Where are you?”

Genesis 3:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 3:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκάλεσεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τὸν Αδαμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Αδαμ ποῦ εἶ	καὶ ἐκάλεσε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ᾿Αδάμ, ποῦ εἶ
Genesis 3:9 (NETS)	Genesis 3:9 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord God called Adam and said to him, “Adam, where are you?”	And the Lord God called Adam and said to him, Adam, where art thou?

Genesis 3:10 (Tanakh)	Genesis 3:10 (KJV)	Genesis 3:10 (NET)
And he said: ‘I heard Thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.’	And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.	The man replied, “I heard you moving about in the orchard, and I was afraid because I was naked, so I hid.”

Genesis 3:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 3:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ τὴν φωνήν σου ἤκουσα περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ καὶ ἐφοβήθην ὅτι γυμνός εἰμι καὶ ἐκρύβην	καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· τῆς φωνῆς σου ἤκουσα περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ καὶ ἐφοβήθην, ὅτι γυμνός εἰμι, καὶ ἐκρύβην
Genesis 3:10 (NETS)	Genesis 3:10 (English Elpenor)
And he said to him, “I heard the sound of you walking about in the orchard, and I was afraid, because I am naked, and I hid myself.”	And he said to him, I heard thy voice as thou walkedst in the garden, and I feared because I was naked and I hid myself.

2 Corinthians 11:3 (NET)	2 Corinthians 11:3 (KJV)
But I am afraid that just as the serpent deceived Eve by his treachery, your minds may be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ.	But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.

2 Corinthians 11:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	2 Corinthians 11:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	2 Corinthians 11:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)
φοβοῦμαι δὲ μή πως, ὡς ὁ ὄφις ἐξηπάτησεν ῞Ευαν ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτοῦ, φθαρῇ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἁπλότητος [καὶ τῆς ἁγνότητος] τῆς εἰς τὸν Χριστόν	φοβουμαι δε μηπως ως ο οφις ευαν εξηπατησεν εν τη πανουργια αυτου ουτως φθαρη τα νοηματα υμων απο της απλοτητος της εις τον χριστον	φοβουμαι δε μηπως ως ο οφις ευαν εξηπατησεν εν τη πανουργια αυτου ουτως φθαρη τα νοηματα υμων απο της απλοτητος της εις τον χριστον

Father, Son and Holy Spirit – Part 10

Back to Who Am I? Part 14

Back to Who Am I? Part 15

Back to Keep Yourselves from Idols, Part 1

¹ Genesis 1:31 (NET) Table

² 2 Thessalonians 2:9b (NET)

³ Wonders and False Wonders, Part 1

⁴ Matthew 24:24 (NET)

⁵ Wonders and False Wonders, Part 1

⁶ Matthew 24:24a (NET)

⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had μή πως here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μηπως (KJV: lest by any means).

⁸ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουτως (KJV: so) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had καὶ τῆς ἁγνότητος here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

¹⁰ 2 Corinthians 11:3 (NET)

¹¹ 1 Timothy 2:14 (NET)

¹² Genesis 3:5b (NET) Table

¹³ Genesis 1:31a (NET) Table

¹⁴ Replicant, Fictional history

The Day of the Lord, Part 3

Posted on July 22, 2023 by admin

In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction (ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).¹ Now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having no bread² after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”³

I’ve been working backwards from 2 Thessalonians 2:12. Here I’ll start with 2 Thessalonians 2:9 (NET).

The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,

The Greek words translated The arrival of the lawless one will be were οὗ ἐστιν ἡ παρουσία. I notice first that will be was not ἔσται in the future tense in Greek but ἐστιν in the present tense. The more problematic however is the translation of οὗ: of the lawless one. A note (18) in the NET acknowledged that οὗ…ἡ παρουσία is “whose coming,” but then simply asserted that whose was “referring to the lawless one.”

Paul’s introduction of the subject effectively designates the topics of his discussion (2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 NET):

Now regarding the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, not to be easily shaken from your composure or⁴ disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord⁵ is already here (ἐνέστηκεν, a form of ἐνίστημι). Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive (ἔλθῃ, a form of ἔρχομαι) until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness⁶ is revealed, the son of destruction.

Paul used the noun παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) to refer to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the verbs ἀποκαλυφθῇ, ἀποκαλυφθῆναι and ἀποκαλυφθήσεται (all forms of ἀποκαλύπτω) to refer to a time when the man of lawlessness is revealed. Here is the detail in a table.

…our Lord Jesus Christ		…the man of lawlessness
τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου \|ἡμῶν\| Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ 2 Thessalonians 2:1a (NET)	ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας	the man of lawlessness is revealed 2 Thessalonians 2:3b (NET)
		τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ \|ἑαυτοῦ\| καιρῷ	he will be revealed in his own time 2 Thessalonians 2:6b (NET)
ὃν ὁ κύριος…καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ	whom the Lord will…wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival 2 Thessalonians 2:8b (NET)	ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος	the lawless one will be revealed 2 Thessalonians 2:8a (NET)

After three occurrences of forms of ἀποκαλύπτω clearly referring to the lawless one to be revealed, and two occurrences of παρουσίας (a form of παρουσία) clearly referring to the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ, it is difficult to see how the very next occurrence of παρουσία could be “referring to the lawless one.”⁷ But “the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is by Satan’s working” is not a particularly easy reading of the text. Still, I can grasp from it that Paul and the Holy Spirit posited some relationship between the “arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ” and ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ, Satan’s working (NET).

The preposition linking them is κατ᾿, by (NET). The root κατά⁸ can mean against: “The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is against Satan’s working.” The translation against occurs most often when κατ᾿ is followed by a pronoun in the genitive case (see Table below). Here κατ᾿ was followed by ἐνέργειαν, a noun in the accusative case (see Table below).

I found only one example of κατ᾿ translated against when followed by a word in the accusative case, and that was also a pronoun (Acts 27:14 KJV):

But not long after there arose against it (κατ αυτης) a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.

Still, the Koine Greek Lexicon is fairly clear:

With Acc:
Relational:
in regard to
matching something to something else, a relationship between one thing and another, a correspondence between two things, compatibility, congruity, symmetry, harmony
facing, across from, over against
under the surface of
throughout (a space or surface)
along (of extension in space)
according to

“The arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ is facing, across from, over against Satan’s working” with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.⁹ With this understanding of κατ᾿ I hear the echo of Paul’s insight into the Gospel: where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.¹⁰

As the passage continues it becomes clear that God exploits Satan’s working for his own purpose (2 Thessalonians 2:11, 12 NET).

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false [Table]. And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned [Table].

As I pointed out in another essay the Greek word translated will be condemned was not καταδικάσονται (a form of καταδικάζω) but κριθῶσιν (a form of κρίνω), “be judged.” And the judgment was clearly stated: God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

I’ll back up again (2 Thessalonians 2:8 NET):

and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy¹¹ by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

The Greek words translated the lawless one (KJV: that Wicked) were ὁ ἄνομος, a singular adjective preceded by an article. This distinguishes ὁ ἄνομος from those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved.¹²

Here is an example of the plural form of ἄνομος for contrast. Paul wrote about a group of people (1 Timothy 1:8-10 NET):

But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless (ἀνόμοις, a form of ἄνομος) and rebellious people, for the ungodly¹³ and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers¹⁴ or mothers,¹⁵ for murderers, sexually immoral people, practicing homosexuals, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching.

There were different outcomes stated for the lawless one and those who are perishing…

the lawless one

those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved

will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth

Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.

2 Thessalonians 2:11 (NET)

and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)

And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned (e.g., judged).

2 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET)

[T]he lawless one will be revealed (ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, a form of ἀποκαλύπτω). [T]he Lord will destroy [the lawless one] by the breath (KJV: spirit) of his mouth, which I assume means the words He speaks. The Greek word translated will destroy was ἀνελεῖ, a form of ἀναιρέω (NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸).¹⁶ And the Lord will wipe out (καταργήσει, a form of καταργέω) the lawless one by the manifestation of his arrival. It seems worth noting that the first definition given for καταργέω is “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle.”

That has a hopeful sound for those who have believed what is false, those who are judged because they have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil. And here I may have the beginnings of an understanding why the translators felt obliged to make God’s purpose identical to Satan’s working and condemned them. I think it’s a limitation of the human mind.

We tend to bifurcate God in our minds into two distinct streams of activity. One stream is love and mercy. The other is vengeance and judgment. But God is One. Whether his activity is mercy or judgment, He is love and the course of these streams is set because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.¹⁷

Jesus said (John 12:31-33 NET):

Now is the judgment (κρίσις) of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die [Table].)

Here, I see the two streams of God’s activity converge into one in Christ. If I think that Jesus drawing all to Himself is too good, too merciful, to be true, I am immediately confronted by the fact that drawing all to Himself is the most thorough repudiation of the world He was sent to save, and save, not as it is but, as it will be through (δι᾿) Him.

I’ll back up again to learn when the lawless one will be revealed (2 Thessalonians 2:7 NET).

For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way,

The Greek word translated hidden power was μυστήριον. A note (15) in the NET explained the translators’ word choice.

Grk “the mystery of lawlessness.” In Paul “mystery” often means “revealed truth, something formerly hidden but now made widely known,” but that does not make sense with the verb of this clause (“to be at work, to be active”).

The Greek verb ἐνεργεῖται (a form of ἐνεργέω), translated at work, troubled them. The first definition of ἐνεργέω in the Koine Greek Lexicon is “to work, be at work, operate, be effective.” It seems an appropriate bookend to καταργήσει (a form of καταργέω) when the Lord returns “to make ineffective, make powerless, make idle” the lawless one (and, presumably, this mystery of lawlessness, this hidden power) by the manifestation of his arrival.

[T]he one who holds him back was ὁ κατέχων, a participle of the verb κατέχω. I’ll back up two verses this time (2 Thessalonians 2:5, 6 NET).

Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. And so you know what holds him back (τὸ κατέχον, another participle of κατέχω), so that he will be revealed in his own time.

I’m really not seeing the issue the NET translators had with a mystery of lawlessness and a man of lawlessness that are partially revealed to those who heed Paul and still yet to be fully revealed at another later date. I’ll pick this up in another essay.

The two tables mentioned above follow:

Κατ᾿ + Gen
Reference	Greek	Part of Speech	KJV	NET
Matthew 12:14	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him
Matthew 12:30	κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ	Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against me	against me
Mark 3:6	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	N/A
Mark 14:56	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him
Mark 14:57	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him
Luke 11:23	κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ	Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against me	against me
Luke 23:14	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	whereof…him	him
John 19:11	κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ	Possessive Pronoun: 1st Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against me	over me
Acts 16:22	κατ᾿ αὐτῶν	Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN	against them	against them
Acts 19:16	κατ᾿ αὐτῶν	Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN	against them	against them
Acts 25:3	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against Paul
Acts 25:15	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him
Acts 25:27	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him
Hebrews 6:13	κατ᾿ οὐδενὸς	Adj: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	by no	by no one
James 5:9	κατ᾿ ἀλλήλων	Reciprocal Pronoun Gen Plur MFN	one against another	against one another
2 Peter 2:11	κατ᾿ αὐτῶν	Personal Pronoun: Gen Plur MFN	against them	against them
Jude 1:15	κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ	Personal Pronoun: Gen Sing Masc/Neut	against him	against him

Κατ᾿ + Acc
Reference	Greek	Part of Speech	KJV	NET
Matthew 14:13	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	privately
Matthew 14:23	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	by himself
Matthew 17:1	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	privately
Matthew 17:19	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	privately
Matthew 20:17	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	aside privately
Matthew 24:3	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Mark 1:27	κατ᾿ ἐξουσίαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	with authority	with authority
Mark 4:34	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	when they were alone	privately
Mark 6:31	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	privately
Mark 6:32	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	by themselves
Mark 7:33	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	aside	aside privately
Mark 9:2	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	apart	privately
Mark 9:28	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Mark 13:3	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Luke 9:10	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Luke 10:23	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Luke 10:33	κατ᾿ αὐτὸν	Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc	when he saw him	where the injured man
John 7:24	κατ᾿ ὄψιν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the appearance	according to external appearance
Acts 2:46	κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	from house to house	from house to house
Acts 5:42	κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	in every house	from house to house
Acts 12:1	Κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνον	Demonstrative Pronoun: Acc Sing Masc	about that	about that
Acts 13:23	κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to his promise	just as he promised
Acts 14:23	κατ᾿ ἐκκλησίαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	in every church	in the various churches
Acts 20:20	κατ᾿ οἴκους	Noun: Acc Plur Masc	from house to house	from house to house
Acts 23:19	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	privately
Acts 25:23	κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	principal	the prominent
Acts 27:14	κατ᾿ αὐτῆς	Personal Pronoun: Acc Sing Fem	against it	from the island
Romans 1:15	τὸ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ	Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing	as much as in me is	N/A
Romans 9:11	κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to election	in election
Romans 10:2	κατ᾿ ἐπίγνωσιν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to knowledge	in line with the truth
Romans 11:5	κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the election	chosen
Romans 16:5	κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	is in…house	in…house
Romans 16:26	κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the commandment	according to the command
1 Corinthians 7:6	κατ᾿ ἐπιταγήν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	of commandment	as a command
1 Corinthians 16:19	κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	that is in…house	in…house
2 Corinthians 8:8	κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	by commandment	as a command
Galatians 2:2	κατ᾿ ἰδίαν	Adj: Acc Sing Fem	privately	in a private meeting
Galatians 3:29	κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the promise	according to the promise
Ephesians 4:16	κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the effectual working	N/A
Ephesians 6:6	κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν	Acc Sing Fem	with eyeservice	like those who do their work only when someone is watching
Ephesians 6:21	τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ	Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing	my affairs	about my circumstances
Philippians 1:12	τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ	Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing	the things which happened unto me	my situation
Colossians 3:10	κατ᾿ εἰκόνα	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	after the image of him	according to the image
Colossians 4:7	τὰ κατ᾿ ἐμὲ	Personal Pronoun: 1st Acc Sing	my state	the news about me
Colossians 4:15	τὴν κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	which is in…house	that meets in…house
2 Thessalonians 2:9	κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	after the working	by…working
1 Timothy 1:1	κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	by the commandment	by the command
1 Timothy 6:3	τῇ κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	which is according to godliness	that accords with godliness
2 Timothy 1:1	κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the promise	to further the promise
Titus 1:1	τῆς κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	which is after godliness	that is in keeping with godliness
Titus 1:3	κατ᾿ ἐπιταγὴν	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the commandment	according to the command
Titus 3:7	κατ᾿ ἐλπίδα	Noun: Acc Sing Fem	according to the hope	with the confident expectation
Philemon 1:2	τῇ κατ᾿ οἶκον	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	in…house	that meets in…house
Hebrews 1:10	κατ᾿ ἀρχάς	Noun: Acc Plur Fem	in the beginning	in the beginning
Hebrews 9:25	κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	every year	year after year
Hebrews 10:1	κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	year by year	year after year
Hebrews 10:3	κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν	Noun: Acc Sing Masc	every year	year after year

For completeness here are the rest of the tables I made in preparation for this essay.

Κατ᾿ + Nom / Acc
Reference	Greek	Part of Speech	KJV	NET
Matthew 1:20	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	in a dream
Matthew 2:12	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	in a dream
Matthew 2:13	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	in a dream
Matthew 2:19	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	in a dream
Matthew 2:22	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	in a dream
Matthew 27:19	κατ᾿ ὄναρ	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	in a dream	of a dream
Luke 2:41	κατ᾿ ἔτος	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	every year	every year
John 10:3	κατ᾿ ὄνομα	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	by name	by name
3 John 1:14	κατ᾿ ὄνομα	Noun: Nom/Acc Sing Neut	by name	by name

Κατ᾿ + Dat
Reference	Greek	Part of Speech	KJV	NET
Galatians 3:1	κατ᾿ ὀφθαλμοὺς	Noun: Dat Plur Masc	before…eyes	Before…eyes

Κατ᾿ + Verb Infin
Reference	Greek	Part of Speech	KJV	NET
Philippians 2:3	κατ᾿¹⁸ ἐριθείαν	Verb: 2Aor Act Infin	be done through strife	of being motivated by selfish ambition

Tables comparing 2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3; 2:8 and 1 Timothy 1:9 in the NET and KJV follow.

2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (NET)	2 Thessalonians 2:2, 3 (KJV)
not to be easily shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here.	That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.

2 Thessalonians 2:2 (NET Parallel Greek)	2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Stepanus Textus Receptus)	2 Thessalonians 2:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)
εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾿ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾿ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου	εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου	εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου

Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction.

Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	2 Thessalonians 2:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον. ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας	μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας	μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ο υιος της απωλειας

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET)	2 Thessalonians 2:8 (KJV)
and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.	And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:

2 Thessalonians 2:8 (NET Parallel Greek)	2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος, ὃν ὁ κύριος ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ,	και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου	και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET)	1 Timothy 1:9 (KJV)
realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers,	Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers,

1 Timothy 1:9 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Timothy 1:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Timothy 1:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)
εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις, πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις	ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατραλωαις και μητραλωαις ανδροφονοις	ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατρολωαις και μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις