Psalm 22, Part 3

This is a continuing consideration of Psalm 22 as the music in Jesus’ heart as He endured the cross.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Psalm 22:11 (Tanakh) Psalm 22:11 (NET) Psalm 21:12 (NETS)

Psalm 21:12 (Elpenor English)

Be not far (תִּרְחַ֣ק) from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Do not remain far away (rachaq, תרחק) from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me. Do not keep away (ἀποστῇς) from me, because affliction is near, because there is no one to help. Stand not aloof (ἀποστῇς) from me; for affliction is near; for there is no helper.

I was curious if I could determine whether remain in the NET translation of תִּרְחַ֣ק (rachaq) owed anything to the theory that God the Father had forsaken God the Son in some more secretive way than to the cross.  Where Be not far from me sounds like a plea to stay close, Do not remain far away sounds to me like a plea to return from a distance.  But of the seven occurrences of the exact form תרחק (rachaq) five where translated doremain far away.  The only occurrence that was not negated was translated Keep your distance.

Reference

NET Parallel Hebrew NET Septuagint BLB

Septuagint Elpenor

Psalm 22:11 (21:12) תרחק Do…remain far away ἀποστῇς ἀποστῇς
Psalm 22:19 (21:20) תרחק do…remain far away μακρύνῃς μακρύνῃς
Psalm 35:22 (34:22) תרחק do…remain far away ἀποστῇς ἀποστῇς
Psalm 38:21 (37:22) תרחק do…remain far away ἀποστῇς ἀποστῇς
Psalm 71:12 (70:12) תרחק do…remain far away μακρύνῃς μακρύνῃς
Exodus 23:7 תרחק Keep your distance ἀποστήσῃ ἀποστήσῃ
Isaiah 46:13 תרחק is…far away n/a n/a

The clause in question in the Masoretic text of Isaiah 46:13 [Table] is not corroborated by the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 46:13 (Tanakh) Isaiah 46:13 (NET) Isaiah 46:13 (NETS)

Isaiah 46:13 (Elpenor English)

I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be far off, and my salvation shall not tarry: and I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory. I am bringing my deliverance near, it is not far away; I am bringing my salvation near, it does not wait.  I will save Zion; I will adorn Israel with my splendor. I brought near my righteousness, and I will not delay the salvation that comes from me; I have provided salvation in Sion to Israel for glorying. I have brought near my righteousness, and I will not be slow with the salvation that is from me: I have given salvation in Sion to Israel for glory.

Until Jesus’ crucifixion the typical expectation for the end (τέλος) of my one dear Son; in him I take great delight[1] was not that He would be executed as a criminal.  I’m taking my concept of “typical expectation” from Jesus’ use of δοκεῖτε (a form of δοκέω; NET: you think) in answer to those who informed Him about the manner of death of some Galileans (Luke 13:1-5 NET):

Now there were some present on that occasion who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices.  He[2] answered them, “Do you think (δοκεῖτε, a form of δοκέω) these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered these things?[3]  No, I tell you!  But unless you repent, you will all perish as well![4]  Or those eighteen[5] who were killed when the tower in Siloam fell on them, do you think (δοκεῖτε, a form of δοκέω) they[6] were worse offenders than all the[7] others who live in[8] Jerusalem?  No, I tell you!  But unless you repent you will all perish as well!”[9]

The rulers in Jerusalem had done everything in their power to engineer Jesus’ crucifixion to discredit (Luke 19:29-40) Him with the people, as was prophesied by Isaiah:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 53:4b, 5 (Tanakh) Isaiah 53:4b, 5 (NET) Isaiah 53:4b, 5 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:4b, 5 (Elpenor English)

we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. we thought he was being punished, attacked by God, and afflicted for something he had done. we accounted him to be in trouble and calamity and ill-treatment. we accounted him to be in trouble, and in suffering [by God]*, and in affliction.
But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. He was wounded because of our rebellious deeds, crushed because of our sins; he endured punishment that made us well; because of his wounds we have been healed. But he was wounded because of our acts of lawlessness and has been weakened because of our sins; upon him was the discipline of our peace; by his bruise we were healed. But he was wounded on account of our sins, and was bruised because of our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; [and] by his bruises we were healed.

After Jesus’ death, more to the point after his resurrection, his death became the foundational assumption of new (Romans 7:1-6) eternal life in the Spirit (Galatians 2:20, 21 NET):

I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me.  So the life I now live in the body, I live because of the faithfulness of the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.  I do not set aside God’s grace, because if righteousness could come through the law, then Christ died for nothing!

Job is the primary example of suffering for righteousness’ sake (1 Peter 3:13-17) in the Old Testament.  If I accept Psalm 22 as Christ’s meditation enduring the cross, it is interesting to contrast Job’s attitude toward God with that of the Son of God toward his Father.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Job 13:21 (Tanakh) Job 13:21 (NET) Job 13:21 (NETS)

Job 13:21 (Elpenor English)

Withdraw thine hand far (הַרְחַ֑ק) from me: and let not thy dread make me afraid. Remove your hand far (rachaq, הרחק) from me and stop making me afraid with your terror. withdraw (ἀπέχου) your hand from me, and let fear of you not terrify me. Withhold (ἀπέχου) [thine] hand from me: and let not thy fear terrify me.

Psalm 22:11 (Tanakh)

Psalm 22:11 (NET) Psalm 21:12 (NETS)

Psalm 21:12 (Elpenor English)

Be not far (תִּרְחַ֣ק) from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Do not remain far away (rachaq, תרחק) from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me. Do not keep away (ἀποστῇς) from me, because affliction is near, because there is no one to help. Stand not aloof (ἀποστῇς) from me; for affliction is near; for there is no helper.

This is why the Father loves me, Jesus said, because I lay down my life, so that I may take it back again.  No one takes it away from me, but I lay it down of my own free will.  I have the authority to lay it down, and I have the authority to take it back again.  This commandment I received from my Father.[10]  He knew that it pleased the LORD to bruise him.[11]  Or did He?

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10-12 (Tanakh) Isaiah 53:10-12 (NET) Isaiah 53:10-12 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:10-12 (Elpenor English)

Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Though the Lord desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him. And the Lord desires to cleanse him from his blow.  If you offer for sin, you shall see a long-lived offspring.  And the Lord wishes to take away The Lord also is pleased to purge him from his stroke.  If ye can give an offering for sin, your soul shall see a long-lived seed: (11a) the Lord also is pleased to take away from
He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Having suffered, he will reflect on his work, he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done.  “My servant will acquit many, for he carried their sins. from the pain of his soul, to show him light and fill him with understanding, to justify a righteous one who is well subject to many, and he himself shall bear their sins. (11b) the travail of his soul, to shew him light, and to form [him] with understanding; to justify the just one who serves many well; and he shall bear their sins.
Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. So I will assign him a portion with the multitudes, he will divide the spoils of victory with the powerful, because he willingly submitted to death and was numbered with the rebels, when he lifted up the sin of many and intervened on behalf of the rebels.” Therefore he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the spoils of the strong, because his soul was given over to death, and he was reckoned among the lawless, and he bore the sins of many, and because of their sins he was given over. Therefore he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the spoils of the mighty; because his soul was delivered to death: and he was numbered among the transgressors; and he bore the sins of many, and was delivered because of their iniquities.

I plan to look at all the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint here.  What caught my attention first, however, was how this prophecy fared so well at the hands of the Masoretes, whose “ultimate goal was to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people.  The Masoretes had to decipher the authentic word of God and eliminate the dissimilarities.”[12]

So I clicked the “Show” button on Rashi’s Commentary on The Complete Jewish Bible online at Chabad.org.  The answer became apparent:

Rashi’s Commentary to verse 3 – Despised and rejected by men: was he.  So is the custom of this prophet: he mentions all Israel as one man, e.g., (44:2), “Fear not, My servant Jacob” ; (44:1) “And now, hearken, Jacob, My servant.” Here too (52:13), “Behold My servant shall prosper,” he said concerning the house of Jacob.  יַשְׂכִּיל is an expression of prosperity.  Comp. (I Sam. 18:14) “And David was successful (מַשְׂכִּיל) in all his ways.”

Rashi’s Commentary to verse 4 – Indeed, he bore our illnesses: Heb. אָכֵן, an expression of ‘but’ in all places.  But now we see that this came to him not because of his low state, but that he was chastised with pains so that all the nations be atoned for with Israel’s suffering.  The illness that should rightfully have come upon us, he bore.

The massacre of Jews during the People’s Crusade of 1096 deeply affected Rashi (RAbbi SHlomo Yitzhaki).  He “wrote several Selichot (penitential poems) mourning the slaughter and the destruction of the region’s great yeshivot.”[13]  “The Hebrew chronicles portray the Rhineland Jews [whether massacred by crusaders in 1096 directly or compelled to suicide] as martyrs who willingly sacrificed themselves in order to honour God and to preserve their own honour.”[14]

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10a (Tanakh) Isaiah 53:10a (NET) Isaiah 53:10a (NETS)

Isaiah 53:10a (Elpenor English)

Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise (דַּכְּאוֹ֙) him; he hath put him to grief (הֶֽחֱלִ֔י): Though the Lord desired to crush (daka’, דכאו) him and make him ill (chalah, החלי), And the Lord desires to cleanse (καθαρίσαι) him from his blow (πληγῆς). The Lord also is pleased to purge (καθαρίσαι) him from his stroke (πληγῆς).

I cross-referenced the occurrences of חָלָה (châlâh) in the Masoretic text with the occurrences of πληγῆς (a form of πληγή)] in the Septuagint, searching for some correlation.  In the account of Ahab’s death (1 Kings 22:34-39) after being struck by an arrow the king said, I’m wounded (החליתי, another form of châlâh).[15]  King Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel bled to death from that wound (makkah, המכה), translated πληγῆς in the Septuagint.  It was enough to persuade me that the rabbis interpreted החלי (another form of châlâh) as a noun in Isaiah 53:10a.

A table of all the occurrences of καθαρίσαι (a form of καθαρίζω) and the Hebrew words it translated follows.

Reference

Septuagint BLB Septuagint Elpenor NET Parallel Hebrew

Chabad.org

Leviticus 13:7 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι tohorah, לטהרתו לְטָֽהֳרָת֑וֹ
Leviticus 13:59 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהרו לְטַֽהֲר֖וֹ
Leviticus 14:23 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι tohorah, לטהרתו לְטָֽהֳרָת֖וֹ
Leviticus 16:30 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהר לְטַהֵ֣ר
2 Chronicles 29:15 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהר לְטַהֵ֖ר
2 Chronicles 34:3 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהר לְטַהֵ֔ר
2 Chronicles 34:8 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהר לְטַהֵ֥ר
Isaiah 53:10 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι daka’, דכאו דַּכְּאוֹ֙
Ezekiel 39:14 καθαρίσαι καθαρίσαι taher, לטהרה לְטַֽהֲרָ֑הּ

Isaiah 53:10 stands out as an outlier and causes me to wonder if the original Hebrew had more to do with the Day of Atonement.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Leviticus 16:30 (Tanakh) Leviticus 16:30 (NET) Leviticus 16:30 (NETS)

Leviticus 16:30 (Elpenor English)

For on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse (לְטַהֵ֣ר) you; from all your sins shall ye be clean before HaShem. for on this day atonement is to be made for you to cleanse (taher, לטהר) you from all your sins; you must be clean before the Lord. For on this day he shall make atonement for you, to cleanse (καθαρίσαι) you from all your sins before the Lord, and you shall be clean. For in this day he shall make an atonement for you, to cleanse (καθαρίσαι) you from all your sins before the Lord, and ye shall be purged.

If so, I would consider The Lord also is pleased to purge him from his stroke an oblique reference to Jesus’ resurrection.  On the other hand, I might consider that the rabbis understood דַּכְּאוֹ֙ (daka’; Tanakh: bruise; NET: crush) as something similar to what happened when young King Josiah began to purge Judah of idolatry.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
2 Chronicles 34:3, 8 (Tanakh) 2 Chronicles 34:3, 8 (NET) 2 Supplements 34:3, 8 (NETS)

2 Chronicles 34:3, 8 (Elpenor English)

For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge (לְטַהֵ֔ר) Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God of his ancestor David.  In his twelfth year he began ridding (taher, לטהר) Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, Asherah poles, idols, and images. And in the eighth year of his reign—and he was still a lad—he began to seek the Lord, God of Dauid his father.  And in the twelfth year of his reign he began to purge (καθαρίσαι) Ioudas and Ierousalem of the high places and the groves and the smelted items. And in the eighth year of his reign, and he [being] yet a youth, he began to seek the Lord God of his father David: and in the twelfth year of his reign he began to purge (καθαρίσαι) Juda and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the ornaments for the altars, and the molten images.
Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged (לְטַהֵ֥ר) the land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God. In the eighteenth year of his reign, he continued his policy of purifying (taher, לטהר) the land and the temple.  He sent Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah the city official, and Joah son of Joahaz the secretary to repair the temple of the Lord his God. And in the eighteenth year of his reign—in order to purge (καθαρίσαι) the land and the house—he sent out Saphan son of Eselias and Maasias ruler of the city and Iouach son of Ioachaz, his recorder, to repair the house of the Lord, his God. And in the eighteenth year of his reign, after having cleansed (καθαρίσαι) the land, and the house, he sent Saphan the son of Ezelias, and Maasa prefect of the city, and Juach son of Joachaz his recorder, to repair the house of the Lord his God.

Rashi’s commentary reads: 

And the Lord wished to crush him, He made him ill: The Holy One, blessed be He, wished to crush him and to cause him to repent; therefore, he made him ill.

I’m uncertain[16] if the translators of the Septuagint understood this as a reference to “all Israel” or as a reference to the Messiah whose appearance was prophesied.  The Masoretes, understanding him as “all Israel” and believing “he was chastised with pains so that all the nations be atoned for with Israel’s suffering,” may have preserved the original Hebrew here better than the Rabbis who translated the Septuagint.

None of this, however, justifies Christian crusaders[17] (or anyone else for that matter) extorting, robbing or killing Jews (From Rhineland massacres, Background):

A relevant perspective on the extent of the era’s antisemitism was recorded 40 years afterward by Jewish historian Solomon bar Simson. He stated that Godfrey of Bouillon swore

to go on this journey only after avenging the blood of the crucified one by shedding Jewish blood and completely eradicating any trace of those bearing the name ‘Jew,’ thus assuaging his own burning wrath.[8]

Emperor Henry IV (after being notified of the pledge by Kalonymus Ben Meshullam, the Jewish leader in Mainz) issued an order prohibiting such an action. Godfrey claimed he never really intended to kill Jews, but the community in Mainz and Cologne sent him a collected bribe of 500 silver marks.[9]

…On top of the general Catholic suspicion of Jews at the time, when the thousands of French members of the People’s Crusade arrived at the Rhine, they had run out of provisions.[12] To restock their supplies, they began to plunder Jewish food and property while attempting to force them to convert to Catholicism.[12]

Not all crusaders who had run out of supplies resorted to murder; some, like Peter the Hermit, used extortion instead. While no sources claim he preached against the Jews, he carried a letter with him from the Jews of France to the community at Trier. The letter urged them to supply provisions to Peter and his men. The Solomon bar Simson Chronicle records that they were so terrified by Peter’s appearance at the gates that they readily agreed to supply his needs.[9]

Still, I’m deeply affected that this periodic[18] share in his sufferings[19] coupled with the belief that such suffering atoned for all the nations may have contributed to the preservation of his word and thus the redemption of the nations: Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief.[20]

Tables comparing Psalm 22:11; Isaiah 53:4; 53:5; Job 13:21; Isaiah 53:10; 53:11; 53:12; Leviticus 16:30; 2 Chronicles 34:3 and 34:8 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing Psalm 22:11 (21:12); Isaiah 53:4; 53:5; Job 13:21; Isaiah 53:10; 53:11; 53:12; Leviticus 16:30; 2 Chronicles (Supplements) 34:3 and 34:8 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing Luke 13:2-5 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 22:11 (Tanakh)

Psalm 22:11 (KJV)

Psalm 22:11 (NET)

Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Do not remain far away from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me.

Psalm 22:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 21:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ ἀποστῇς ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ὅτι θλῗψις ἐγγύς ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ βοηθῶν μὴ ἀποστῇς ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι θλῖψις ἐγγύς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ βοηθῶν

Psalm 21:12 (NETS)

Psalm 21:12 (English Elpenor)

Do not keep away from me, because affliction is near, because there is no one to help. Stand not aloof from me; for affliction is near; for there is no helper.

Isaiah 53:4 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 53:4 (KJV)

Isaiah 53:4 (NET)

Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he lifted up our illnesses, he carried our pain; even though we thought he was being punished, attacked by God, and afflicted for something he had done.

Isaiah 53:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 53:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὗτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν φέρει καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται καὶ ἡμεῗς ἐλογισάμεθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ καὶ ἐν πληγῇ καὶ ἐν κακώσει οὗτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν φέρει καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐλογισάμεθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ καὶ ἐν πληγῇ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ καὶ ἐν κακώσει

Isaiah 53:4 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:4 (English Elpenor)

This one bears our sins and suffers pain for us, and we accounted him to be in trouble and calamity and ill-treatment. He bears our sins, and is pained for us: yet we accounted him to be in trouble, and in suffering [by God]*, and in affliction.

Isaiah 53:5 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 53:5 (KJV)

Isaiah 53:5 (NET)

But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. He was wounded because of our rebellious deeds, crushed because of our sins; he endured punishment that made us well; because of his wounds we have been healed.

Isaiah 53:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 53:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν καὶ μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν παιδεία εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῗς ἰάθημεν αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν καὶ μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν· παιδεία εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν. τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν

Isaiah 53:5 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:5 (English Elpenor)

But he was wounded because of our acts of lawlessness and has been weakened because of our sins; upon him was the discipline of our peace; by his bruise we were healed. But he was wounded on account of our sins, and was bruised because of our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; [and] by his bruises we were healed.

Job 13:21 (Tanakh)

Job 13:21 (KJV)

Job 13:21 (NET)

Withdraw thine hand far from me: and let not thy dread make me afraid. Withdraw thine hand far from me: and let not thy dread make me afraid. Remove your hand far from me and stop making me afraid with your terror.

Job 13:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Job 13:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τὴν χεῗρα ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀπέχου καὶ ὁ φόβος σου μή με καταπλησσέτω τὴν χεῖρα ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ ἀπέχου, καὶ ὁ φόβος σου μή με καταπλησσέτω

Job 13:21 (NETS)

Job 13:21 (English Elpenor)

withdraw your hand from me, and let fear of you not terrify me. Withhold [thine] hand from me: and let not thy fear terrify me.

Isaiah 53:10 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 53:10 (KJV)

Isaiah 53:10 (NET)

Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Though the Lord desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him.

Isaiah 53:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 53:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ κύριος βούλεται καθαρίσαι αὐτὸν τῆς πληγῆς ἐὰν δῶτε περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ὄψεται σπέρμα μακρόβιον καὶ βούλεται κύριος ἀφελεῗν καὶ Κύριος βούλεται καθαρίσαι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς πληγῆς. ἐὰν δῶτε περὶ ἁμαρτίας, ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ὄψεται σπέρμα μακρόβιον· καὶ βούλεται Κύριος ἀφελεῖν

Isaiah 53:10 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:10, 11a (English Elpenor)

And the Lord desires to cleanse him from his blow.  If you offer for sin, you shall see a long-lived offspring.  And the Lord wishes to take away The Lord also is pleased to purge him from his stroke. If ye can give an offering for sin, your soul shall see a long-lived seed: (11a) the Lord also is pleased to take away from

Isaiah 53:11 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 53:11 (KJV)

Isaiah 53:11 (NET)

He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Having suffered, he will reflect on his work, he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done.  “My servant will acquit many, for he carried their sins.

Isaiah 53:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 53:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀπὸ τοῦ πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ δεῗξαι αὐτῷ φῶς καὶ πλάσαι τῇ συνέσει δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον εὖ δουλεύοντα πολλοῗς καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν αὐτὸς ἀνοίσει ἀπὸ τοῦ πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, δεῖξαι αὐτῷ φῶς καὶ πλάσαι τῇ συνέσει, δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον εὖ δουλεύοντα πολλοῖς, καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν αὐτὸς ἀνοίσει

Isaiah 53:11 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:11b (English Elpenor)

from the pain of his soul, to show him light and fill him with understanding, to justify a righteous one who is well subject to many, and he himself shall bear their sins. the travail of his soul, to shew him light, and to form [him] with understanding; to justify the just one who serves many well; and he shall bear their sins.

Isaiah 53:12 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 53:12 (KJV)

Isaiah 53:12 (NET)

Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. So I will assign him a portion with the multitudes, he will divide the spoils of victory with the powerful, because he willingly submitted to death and was numbered with the rebels, when he lifted up the sin of many and intervened on behalf of the rebels.”

Isaiah 53:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 53:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸς κληρονομήσει πολλοὺς καὶ τῶν ἰσχυρῶν μεριεῗ σκῦλα ἀνθ᾽ ὧν παρεδόθη εἰς θάνατον ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῗς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν ἀνήνεγκεν καὶ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθη διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸς κληρονομήσει πολλοὺς καὶ τῶν ἰσχυρῶν μεριεῖ σκῦλα, ἀνθ᾿ ὧν παρεδόθη εἰς θάνατον ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη· καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν ἀνήνεγκε καὶ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθη

Isaiah 53:12 (NETS)

Isaiah 53:12 (English Elpenor)

Therefore he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the spoils of the strong, because his soul was given over to death, and he was reckoned among the lawless, and he bore the sins of many, and because of their sins he was given over. Therefore he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the spoils of the mighty; because his soul was delivered to death: and he was numbered among the transgressors; and he bore the sins of many, and was delivered because of their iniquities.

Leviticus 16:30 (Tanakh)

Leviticus 16:30 (KJV)

Leviticus 16:30 (NET)

For on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins shall ye be clean before HaShem. For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD. for on this day atonement is to be made for you to cleanse you from all your sins; you must be clean before the Lord.

Leviticus 16:30 (Septuagint BLB)

Leviticus 16:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ ὑμῶν καθαρίσαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ ὑμῶν, καθαρίσαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ἔναντι Κυρίου, καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε

Leviticus 16:30 (NETS)

Leviticus 16:30 (English Elpenor)

For on this day he shall make atonement for you, to cleanse you from all your sins before the Lord, and you shall be clean. For in this day he shall make an atonement for you, to cleanse you from all your sins before the Lord, and ye shall be purged.

2 Chronicles 34:3 (Tanakh)

2 Chronicles 34:3 (KJV)

2 Chronicles 34:3 (NET)

For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God of his ancestor David.  In his twelfth year he began ridding Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, Asherah poles, idols, and images.

2 Chronicles 34:3 (Septuagint BLB)

2 Chronicles 34:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔτι παιδάριον ἤρξατο τοῦ ζητῆσαι κύριον τὸν θεὸν Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἤρξατο τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τὴν Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλσεων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν χωνευτῶν καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ -καὶ αὐτὸς ἔτι παιδάριον- ἤρξατο τοῦ ζητῆσαι Κύριον τὸν Θεὸν Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἤρξατο τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὸν ᾿Ιούδαν καὶ τὴν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλσεων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν περιβωμίων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν χωνευτῶν

2 Supplements 34:3 (NETS)

2 Chronicles 34:3 (English Elpenor)

And in the eighth year of his reign—and he was still a lad—he began to seek the Lord, God of Dauid his father.  And in the twelfth year of his reign he began to purge Ioudas and Ierousalem of the high places and the groves and the smelted items. And in the eighth year of his reign, and he [being] yet a youth, he began to seek the Lord God of his father David: and in the twelfth year of his reign he began to purge Juda and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the ornaments for the altars, and the molten images.

2 Chronicles 34:8 (Tanakh)

2 Chronicles 34:8 (KJV)

2 Chronicles 34:8 (NET)

Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God. Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God. In the eighteenth year of his reign, he continued his policy of purifying the land and the temple.  He sent Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah the city official, and Joah son of Joahaz the secretary to repair the temple of the Lord his God.

2 Chronicles 34:8 (Septuagint BLB)

2 Chronicles 34:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸν οἶκον ἀπέστειλεν τὸν Σαφαν υἱὸν Εσελια καὶ τὸν Μαασιαν ἄρχοντα τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὸν Ιουαχ υἱὸν Ιωαχαζ τὸν ὑπομνηματογράφον αὐτοῦ κραταιῶσαι τὸν οἶκον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ Καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸν οἶκον ἀπέστειλε τὸν Σαφὰν υἱὸν ᾿Εσελία καὶ τὸν Μαασὰ ἄρχοντα τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὸν ᾿Ιουὰχ υἱὸν ᾿Ιωάχαζ τὸν ὑπομνηματογράφον αὐτοῦ κραταιῶσαι τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ

2 Supplements 34:8 (NETS)

2 Chronicles 34:8 (English Elpenor)

And in the eighteenth year of his reign—in order to purge the land and the house—he sent out Saphan son of Eselias and Maasias ruler of the city and Iouach son of Ioachaz, his recorder, to repair the house of the Lord, his God. And in the eighteenth year of his reign, after having cleansed the land, and the house, he sent Saphan the son of Ezelias, and Maasa prefect of the city, and Juach son of Joachaz his recorder, to repair the house of the Lord his God.

Luke 13:2-5 (NET)

Luke 13:2-5 (KJV)

He answered them, “Do you think these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered these things? And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they suffered such things?

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· δοκεῖτε ὅτι οἱ Γαλιλαῖοι οὗτοι ἁμαρτωλοὶ παρὰ πάντας τοὺς Γαλιλαίους ἐγένοντο, ὅτι ταῦτα πεπόνθασιν και αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις δοκειτε οτι οι γαλιλαιοι ουτοι αμαρτωλοι παρα παντας τους γαλιλαιους εγενοντο οτι τοιαυτα πεπονθασιν και αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις δοκειτε οτι οι γαλιλαιοι ουτοι αμαρτωλοι παρα παντας τους γαλιλαιους εγενοντο οτι τοιαυτα πεπονθασιν
No, I tell you!  But unless you repent, you will all perish as well! I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν μὴ μετανοῆτε πάντες ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖσθε ουχι λεγω υμιν αλλ εαν μη μετανοητε παντες ωσαυτως απολεισθε ουχι λεγω υμιν αλλ εαν μη μετανοητε παντες ωσαυτως απολεισθε
Or those eighteen who were killed when the tower in Siloam fell on them, do you think they were worse offenders than all the others who live in Jerusalem? Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem?

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἢ ἐκεῖνοι οἱ δεκαοκτὼ ἐφ᾿ οὓς ἔπεσεν ὁ πύργος ἐν τῷ Σιλωὰμ καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτούς, δοκεῖτε ὅτι αὐτοὶ ὀφειλέται ἐγένοντο παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἰερουσαλήμ η εκεινοι οι δεκα και οκτω εφ ους επεσεν ο πυργος εν τω σιλωαμ και απεκτεινεν αυτους δοκειτε οτι ουτοι οφειλεται εγενοντο παρα παντας ανθρωπους τους κατοικουντας εν ιερουσαλημ η εκεινοι οι δεκα και οκτω εφ ους επεσεν ο πυργος εν τω σιλωαμ και απεκτεινεν αυτους δοκειτε οτι ουτοι οφειλεται εγενοντο παρα παντας ανθρωπους τους κατοικουντας εν ιερουσαλημ
No, I tell you!  But unless you repent you will all perish as well!” I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν μὴ |μετανοῆτε| πάντες ὡσαύτως ἀπολεῖσθε ουχι λεγω υμιν αλλ εαν μη μετανοητε παντες ομοιως απολεισθε ουχι λεγω υμιν αλλ εαν μη μετανοητε παντες ομοιως απολεισθε

[1] Matthew 3:17b (NET)

[2] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ο ιησους (KJV: Jesus) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[3] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ταῦτα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τοιαυτα (KJV: such things).

[4] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ὁμοίως here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ωσαυτως (KJV: likewise).

[5] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had δεκαοκτὼ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δεκα και οκτω (literally: “ten and eight”).

[6] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had αὐτοὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουτοι.

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τοὺς here.  The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

[8] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[9] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ωσαυτως here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ὁμοίως (KJV: likewise).

[10] John 10:17, 18 (NET)

[11] Isaiah 53:10a (Tanakh)

[12]Jewish Concepts: Masoretic Text,” Jewish Virtual Library: Anything you need to know from Anti-Semitism to Zionism

[13] Rashi

[14] Rhineland massacres

[15] This was translated τέτρωμαι (a form of τιτρώσκω) in the Septuagint.

[16] The Samaritan woman who spoke with Jesus knew that Messiah is coming, Herod asked the chief priests and experts in the lawwhere the Christ was to be born (Matthew 2:4 NET) but None of the rulers of this age understood [the wisdom of God, hidden in a mystery], Paul wrote believers in Corinth.  If they had known it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory (1 Corinthians 2:8 NET).  How then would the scriptures that say it must happen this way be fulfilled? (Matthew 26:54 NET)

[17] From Rhineland massacres, Background: Many crusaders had to go into debt in order to purchase weaponry and equipment for the expedition; as Western Catholicism strictly forbade usury, many crusaders inevitably found themselves indebted to Jewish moneylenders.  Having armed themselves by assuming the debt, the crusaders rationalized the killing of Jews as an extension of their Catholic mission.[6]

[18] From Rhineland massacres, Background: There had not been so broad a movement against Jews by Catholics since the seventh century’s mass expulsions and forced conversions.  While there had been a number of regional persecutions of Jews by Catholics, such as the one in Metz in 888, a plot against Jews in Limoges in 992, a wave of anti-Jewish persecution by Christian millenarian movements (which believed that Jesus was immediately to descend from Heaven) in the year 1000, and the threat of expulsion from Trier in 1066; these are all viewed “in the traditional terms of governmental outlawry rather than unbridled popular attacks.”[7]  Also many movements against Jews (such as forced conversions by King Robert the Pious of France, Richard II, Duke of Normandy, and Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor around 1007–1012) had been quashed either by Roman Catholicism’s papacy or its bishops.[7]

[19] Romans 8:17; Philippians 3:10, 11; 1 Peter 4:13

[20] Isaiah 53:10a (Tanakh)

Fear – Genesis, Part 6

After Jacob and his family spent some time in Bethel they moved on to Ephrath (Bethlehem).  On the way Rachel went into labor – and her labor was hard.  When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid (yārē’
, תִּירְאִי), for you are having another son.”1  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint changed the word to θάρσει in Greek.  “Have courage (θάρσει), son!  Jesus said to the paralytic lying on a mat.  Your sins are forgiven.”2  With her dying breath, Rachel named him Ben-Oni [NET note 38: “son of my suffering”].  But his father called him Benjamin [NET note 39: “son of the (or “my”) right hand”] instead.3

Rachel was Jacob’s favorite wife.  Her father had tricked him into marrying her sister Leah as well.  Bilhah and Zilpah, Rachel’s and Leah’s servant girls, were given to Jacob when the sisters vied with each other for their husband’s affection.  Joseph, Rachel’s firstborn, was Jacob’s favorite son.  Joseph’s elder brothers hated him.  On top of that Joseph had a couple of dreams which indicated to his brothers and Jacob that Joseph thought he would rule over them.

Joseph’s brothers decided to kill him.  Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, talked his younger siblings down from murder.  They put Joseph in a dry cistern.  Reuben hoped to return later to rescue him.  Judah—Leah’s fourth born son after Reuben, Simeon and Levi—said to his brothers, “What profit is there if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?  Come, let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, but let’s not lay a hand on him, for after all, he is our brother, our own flesh.”  His brothers agreed.4  The Ishmaelites sold Joseph to Potiphar the Egyptian, and eventually Joseph became a ruler in Egypt because of his ability to interpret prophetic dreams.

There was a famine in the land and Jacob sent ten of Joseph’s brothers to Egypt to buy grain.  Now Joseph was the ruler of the country, the one who sold grain to all the people of the country.  Joseph’s brothers came and bowed down before him with their faces to the ground.5  Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him.  Then Joseph remembered the dreams he had dreamed about them, and he said to them, “You are spies; you have come to see if our land is vulnerable!”6

Though I have heard it many times I am not persuaded that Joseph had some wise master plan to test his brothers’ repentance.  I think he was the outcast little brother who had his elder brothers right where he wanted them, and he wanted to make them squirm.  Beyond that he wanted to see his younger brother Benjamin.  But when he heard his brothers’ fears, he was moved, perhaps even to a repentance of his own:  They said to one other, “Surely we’re being punished because of our brother, because we saw how distressed he was when he cried to us for mercy, but we refused to listen.  That is why this distress has come on us!”  Reuben said to them, “Didn’t I say to you, ‘Don’t sin against the boy,’ but you wouldn’t listen?  So now we must pay for shedding his blood!”7

Joseph spoke to them through an interpreter, but understood their language as they whispered among themselves.  He turned away from them and wept.8  Here, I can be persuaded that Joseph began to formulate a plan to both save face as a ruler of Egypt who had embarked on a path of revenge, and to share with his brothers some of the mercy the Lord had shown him.  When he turned around and spoke to them again, he had Simeon taken from them and tied up before their eyes.  Then Joseph gave orders to fill their bags with grain, to return each man’s money to his sack, and to give them provisions for the journey.  His orders were carried out.9

On their return journey one of the brothers discovered the money in his sack.  They were dismayed; they turned trembling one to another and said, “What in the world has God done to us?”10  The brothers were so sure that God was punishing them they misunderstood his mercy.  The man, the lord of the land, spoke harshly to us and treated us as if we were spying on the land,11 they told Jacob their father.  Then the man, the lord of the land, said to us, “This is how I will find out if you are honest men.  Leave one of your brothers with me, and take grain for your hungry households and go.  But bring your youngest brother back to me so I will know that you are honest men and not spies.  Then I will give your brother back to you and you may move about freely in the land.”12

When they were emptying their sacks, there was each man’s bag of money in his sack!  When they and their father saw the bags of money, they were afraid (yârêʼ, וַיִּירָאוּ).13  In the Septuagint this was translated ἐφοβήθησαν.  Jesus took Peter, James, and John up a mountain.  And he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light [Table].  Then Moses and Elijah also appeared before them, talking with him [Table].14  Peter, James and John took all this in stride.  They had been with Jesus awhile by then and were becoming somewhat accustomed to the spectacular and miraculous events that accompanied Him.

Peter offered to build three shelters (or, shrines) to honor Jesus, Moses and Elijah.  While he was still speaking, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my one dear Son, in whom I take great delight.  Listen to him!”  When the disciples heard this, they were overwhelmed with fear (ἐφοβήθησαν, a form of φοβέω) and threw themselves down with their faces to the ground [Table].15  I don’t know how to write about the relationship of these two passages without first considering the Son of God.

I can’t help but feel a great sympathy for those who pursued a law of righteousness.16  About the time they got a really firm grasp on the fact that Yahweh was not like the gods of the nations, He visited them as a pagan myth, a Son of God.  Growing up I would have interpreted the statement, God has sent his one and only Son into the world so that we may live through him,17 this way: “Yahweh has sent Jesus into the world so that we may live through Him.”  But the more seriously I take Jesus’ words, before Abraham came into existence, I am!18 the more I am compelled to acknowledge that it was Yahweh (He is; I am was literally the unspeakable name of God) who was sent into the world to be born as a human being named Jesus (the Greek translation of Yahweh saves in Hebrew) so that we may live through Him [Addendum 7/22/2025: Much of this came into question in my own mind years later].  Then Yahweh/Jesus began to speak of another God, his Father, whom no one had known: no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son decides to reveal him.19

The voice that frightened Peter, James and John also spoke after Jesus’ baptism, This is my one dear Son; in him I take great delight.20  After Jesus walked on the water and calmed the storm, those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, “Truly you are the Son of God.”21  Peter testified, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”  And Jesus answered him, “You are blessed, Simon son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in heaven!” [Table]22  Then he instructed his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.23  And as they came down the mountain after his transfiguration Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about the vision until the Son of Man is raised from the dead.”24  The reason for this gag order was fairly obvious (Matthew 26:63-66 NET):

The high priest25 said to [Jesus], “I charge you under oath by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.”  Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.  But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”  Then the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed!  Why do we still need witnesses?  Now you have heard the26 blasphemy!  What is your verdict?”  They answered,27 “He is guilty and deserves death.”

I was curious how the three carried out the Lord’s command to tell about the vision after Jesus’ resurrection.  James, John’s brother, didn’t write any of the New Testament and Herod had him executed with a sword28 early in the first century.  Peter described Jesus as both Lord and Christ but did not mention the offensive Son of God in any of his recorded sermons in Acts.  In fact, in one sermon it seemed that Peter was still making Jesus equal to Moses: “Moses said,The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’”29  Did Peter not know that Moses was faithful in all God’s house as a servant…[Table] But Christ is faithful as a son over God’s house?30  Or am I in error when I assume that he was ascribing this prophecy to Christ, the Son of God?  Peter did however recount the story of the transfiguration in his second letter (2 Peter 1:16-18 NET):

For we did not follow cleverly concocted fables when we made known to you the power and return of our Lord Jesus Christ; no, we were eyewitnesses of his grandeur.  For he received honor and glory from God the Father, when that voice was conveyed to him by the Majestic Glory: “This is my31 dear Son, in whom I am delighted.”  When this voice was conveyed from heaven, we ourselves heard it, for we were with him on the32 holy mountain.

John was the one who wrote most forthrightly about Jesus as the Son of God.  In all fairness to Peter, John probably didn’t write any of these things until after 70 A.D. when the ecclesiastical power of those who pursued a law of righteousness was destroyed.  And this is where I began to see the relationship of the two fears (ἐφοβήθησαν).  Both groups of men were eyewitnesses to the mercy of God and both groups feared punishment because God’s mercy did not match their preconceptions (or their rulers’ preconceptions) of “what is,” or “how things should be.”  Despite all of God’s mercy toward him Jacob was most eloquent in his fear when he complained to his sons, You are making me childless!  Joseph is gone.  Simeon is gone.  And now you want to take Benjamin!  Everything is against me.33

 

Addendum: July 28, 2025
Tables comparing Genesis 35:16; 35:17; 35:18; 37:26; 37:27; 42:6; 42:8; 42:9; 42:21; 42:22; 42:24; 42:25; 42:28; 42:30; 42:33; 42:34; 42:35 and 42:36 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Genesis 35:16 (35:21, 16); 35:17; 35:18; 37:26; 37:27; 42:6; 42:8; 42:9; 42:21; 42:22; 42:24; 42:25; 42:28; 42:30; 42:33; 42:34; 42:35 and 42:36 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Matthew 26:63; 26:65, 66; Acts 12:2; Hebrews 3:6 and 2 Peter 1:17, 18 in the KJV and NET follow.

Genesis 35:16 (Tanakh)

Genesis 35:16 (KJV)

Genesis 35:16 (NET)

And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was still some way to come to Ephrath; and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away, Rachel went into labor—and her labor was hard.

Genesis 35:16 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 35:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀπάρας δὲ Ιακωβ ἐκ Βαιθηλ ἔπηξεν τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ πύργου Γαδερ ἐγένετο δὲ ἡνίκα ἤγγισεν Χαβραθα εἰς γῆν ἐλθεῖν Εφραθα ἔτεκεν Ραχηλ καὶ ἐδυστόκησεν ἐν τῷ τοκετῷ ᾿Απάρας δὲ ᾿Ιακὼβ ἐκ Βαιθήλ, ἔπηξε τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ πύργου Γαδέρ. ἐγένετο δὲ ἡνίκα ἤγγισεν εἰς Χαβραθὰ τοῦ ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὴν ᾿Εφραθᾶ, ἔτεκε Ραχὴλ καὶ ἐδυστόκησεν ἐν τῷ τοκετῷ

Genesis 35:16 (NETS)

Genesis 35:16 (English Elpenor)

(21) Then after Iakob had set out from Baithel, he pitched his tent beyond the tower of Gader. (16) Now it came about when he drew near Chabratha to go to the land of Ephratha, that Rachel gave birth, and she experienced severe birth pangs in the birth. [And Jacob removed from Baethel, and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Gader,]* and it came to pass when he drew nigh to Chabratha, to enter into Ephratha, Rachel travailed; and in her travail she was in hard labour.

Genesis 35:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 35:17 (KJV)

Genesis 35:17 (NET)

And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the mid-wife said unto her: ‘Fear not; for this also is a son for thee.’ And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.”

Genesis 35:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 35:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ σκληρῶς αὐτὴν τίκτειν εἶπεν αὐτῇ ἡ μαῖα θάρσει καὶ γὰρ οὗτός σοί ἐστιν υἱός ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ σκληρῶς αὐτὴν τίκτειν, εἶπεν αὐτῇ ἡ μαῖα· θάρσει, καὶ γὰρ οὗτός σοί ἐστιν υἱός

Genesis 35:17 (NETS)

Genesis 35:17 (English Elpenor)

And it came about while she was giving birth with difficulty that the midwife said to her, “Take courage, for this one also is a son for you.” And it came to pass in her hard labour, that the midwife said to her, Be of good courage, for thou shalt also have this son.

Genesis 35:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 35:18 (KJV)

Genesis 35:18 (NET)

And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing–for she died–that she called his name Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Benoni: but his father called him Benjamin. With her dying breath, she named him Ben Oni. But his father called him Benjamin instead.

Genesis 35:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 35:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ ἀφιέναι αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχήν ἀπέθνῃσκεν γάρ ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Υἱὸς ὀδύνης μου ὁ δὲ πατὴρ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸν Βενιαμιν ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ ἀφιέναι αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχήν, ἀπέθνησκε γάρ, ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Υἱὸς ὀδύνης μου· ὁ δὲ πατὴρ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Βενιαμίν

Genesis 35:18 (NETS)

Genesis 35:18 (English Elpenor)

And it came about as she was giving up her soul, for she was dying, that she called his name Son-of-my-pain, but his father called him Beniamin. And it came to pass in her giving up the ghost (for she was dying), that she called his name, The son of my pain; but his father called his name Benjamin.

Genesis 37:26 (Tanakh)

Genesis 37:26 (KJV)

Genesis 37:26 (NET)

And Judah said unto his brethren: ‘What profit is it if we slay our brother and conceal his blood? And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood? Then Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is there if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?

Genesis 37:26 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 37:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ Ιουδας πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ τί χρήσιμον ἐὰν ἀποκτείνωμεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν καὶ κρύψωμεν τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ εἶπε δὲ ᾿Ιούδας πρὸς τούς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ· τί χρήσιμον, ἐὰν ἀποκτείνωμεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν καὶ κρύψωμεν τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ

Genesis 37:26 (NETS)

Genesis 37:26 (English Elpenor)

Then Ioudas said to his brothers, “What advantage is it if we kill our brother and conceal his blood? And Judas said to his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood?

Genesis 37:27 (Tanakh)

Genesis 37:27 (KJV)

Genesis 37:27 (NET)

Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our brother, our flesh.’ And his brethren hearkened unto him. Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our brother and our flesh. And his brethren were content. Come, let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, but let’s not lay a hand on him, for after all, he is our brother, our own flesh.” His brothers agreed.

Genesis 37:27 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 37:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)

δεῦτε ἀποδώμεθα αὐτὸν τοῖς Ισμαηλίταις τούτοις αἱ δὲ χεῖρες ἡμῶν μὴ ἔστωσαν ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν ὅτι ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν καὶ σὰρξ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ἤκουσαν δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ δεῦτε ἀποδώμεθα αὐτὸν τοῖς ᾿Ισμαηλίταις τούτοις, αἱ δὲ χεῖρες ἡμῶν μὴ ἔστωσαν ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, ὅτι ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν καὶ σὰρξ ἡμῶν ἐστιν. ἤκουσαν δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ

Genesis 37:27 (NETS)

Genesis 37:27 (English Elpenor)

Come, let us sell him to the Ismaelites, but let our hands not be upon him, because he is our brother and our flesh.” And his brothers listened. Come, let us sell him to these Ismaelites, but let not our hands be upon him, because he is our brother and our flesh; and his brethren hearkened.

Genesis 42:6 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:6 (KJV)

Genesis 42:6 (NET)

And Joseph was the governor over the land; he it was that sold to all the people of the land. And Joseph’s brethren came, and bowed down to him with their faces to the earth. And Joseph was the governor over the land, and he it was that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph’s brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him with their faces to the earth. Now Joseph was the ruler of the country, the one who sold grain to all the people of the country. Joseph’s brothers came and bowed down before him with their faces to the ground.

Genesis 42:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

Ιωσηφ δὲ ἦν ἄρχων τῆς γῆς οὗτος ἐπώλει παντὶ τῷ λαῷ τῆς γῆς ἐλθόντες δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Ιωσηφ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ᾿Ιωσὴφ δὲ ἦν ὁ ἄρχων τῆς γῆς, οὗτος ἐπώλει παντὶ τῷ λαῷ τῆς γῆς· ἐλθόντες δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ᾿Ιωσὴφ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν

Genesis 42:6 (NETS)

Genesis 42:6 (English Elpenor)

Now Ioseph was ruler of the land; he was selling to all the people of the land. And when Ioseph’s brothers came, they did obeisance to him face down on the ground. And Joseph was ruler of the land; he sold to all the people of the land. And the brethren of Joseph, having come, did reverence to him, [bowing] with the face to the ground.

Genesis 42:8 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:8 (KJV)

Genesis 42:8 (NET)

And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew him not. And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him. Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him.

Genesis 42:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐπέγνω δὲ Ιωσηφ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν ἐπέγνω δὲ ᾿Ιωσὴφ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν

Genesis 42:8 (NETS)

Genesis 42:8 (English Elpenor)

Now Ioseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him. And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him.

Genesis 42:9 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:9 (KJV)

Genesis 42:9 (NET)

And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them: ‘Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.’ And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come. Then Joseph remembered the dreams he had dreamed about them, and he said to them, “You are spies; you have come to see if our land is vulnerable!”

Genesis 42:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐμνήσθη Ιωσηφ τῶν ἐνυπνίων ὧν εἶδεν αὐτός καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς κατάσκοποί ἐστε κατανοῆσαι τὰ ἴχνη τῆς χώρας ἥκατε καὶ ἐμνήσθη ᾿Ιωσὴφ τῶν ἐνυπνίων αὐτοῦ, ὧν εἶδεν αὐτός, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· κατάσκοποί ἐστε, κατανοῆσαι τὰ ἴχνη τῆς χώρας ἥκατε

Genesis 42:9 (NETS)

Genesis 42:9 (English Elpenor)

And Ioseph remembered the dreams that he himself had seen, and he said to them, “You are spies; you have come to scrutinize the tracks of the country!” And Joseph remembered his dream, which he saw; and he said to them, Ye are spies; to observe the marks of the land are ye come.

Genesis 42:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:21 (KJV)

Genesis 42:21 (NET)

And they said one to another: ‘We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us.’ And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us. They said to one another, “Surely we’re being punished because of our brother, because we saw how distressed he was when he cried to us for mercy, but we refused to listen. That is why this distress has come on us!”

Genesis 42:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ναί ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ γάρ ἐσμεν περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν ὅτι ὑπερείδομεν τὴν θλῖψιν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ὅτε κατεδέετο ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ εἰσηκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν τούτου ἐπῆλθεν ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἡ θλῖψις αὕτη καὶ εἶπεν ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ· ναί, ἐν ἁμαρτίαις γάρ ἐσμεν περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν, ὅτι ὑπερείδομεν τὴν θλῖψιν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, ὅτε κατεδέετο ἡμῶν, καὶ οὐκ εἰσηκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἕνεκεν τούτου ἐπῆλθεν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἡ θλῖψις αὕτη

Genesis 42:21 (NETS)

Genesis 42:21 (English Elpenor)

And each one said to his brother, “Indeed, for we are at fault concerning our brother, because we disregarded the affliction of his soul, when he pleaded with us, and we did not listen to him. This is why this affliction has come upon us.” And each said to his brother, Yes, indeed, for we are in fault concerning our brother, when we disregarded the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we hearkened not to him; and therefore has this affliction come upon us.

Genesis 42:22 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:22 (KJV)

Genesis 42:22 (NET)

And Reuben answered them, saying: ‘Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.’ And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required. Reuben said to them, “Didn’t I say to you, ‘Don’t sin against the boy,’ but you wouldn’t listen? So now we must pay for shedding his blood!”

Genesis 42:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ρουβην εἶπεν αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐλάλησα ὑμῖν λέγων μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὸ παιδάριον καὶ οὐκ εἰσηκούσατέ μου καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκζητεῖται ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ρουβὴν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· οὐκ ἐλάλησα ὑμῖν λέγων, μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὸ παιδάριον; καὶ οὐκ ἠκούσατέ μου; καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκζητεῖται

Genesis 42:22 (NETS)

Genesis 42:22 (English Elpenor)

Then Rouben said to them in reply, “Did I not speak to you, saying, ‘Do not injure the youngster’? And you did not listen to me. And see, his blood is being sought out.” And Ruben answered them, saying, Did I not speak to you, saying, Hurt not the boy, and ye heard me not? and, behold, his blood is required.

Genesis 42:24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:24 (KJV)

Genesis 42:24 (NET)

And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and he returned to them, and spoke to them, and took Simeon from among them, and bound him before their eyes. And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to them again, and communed with them, and took from them Simeon, and bound him before their eyes. He turned away from them and wept. When he turned around and spoke to them again, he had Simeon taken from them and tied up before their eyes.

Genesis 42:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀποστραφεὶς δὲ ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἔκλαυσεν Ιωσηφ καὶ πάλιν προσῆλθεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸν Συμεων ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν ἀποστραφεὶς δὲ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔκλαυσεν ᾿Ιωσήφ. καὶ πάλιν προσῆλθε πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἔλαβε τὸν Συμεὼν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν

Genesis 42:24 (NETS)

Genesis 42:24 (English Elpenor)

And turning away from them Ioseph wept. And again he came to them and spoke to them, and he took Symeon from them and bound him before them. And Joseph turned away from them, and wept; and again he came to them, and spoke to them; and he took Symeon from them, and bound him before their eyes.

Genesis 42:25 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:25 (KJV)

Genesis 42:25 (NET)

Then Joseph commanded to fill their vessels with corn, and to restore every man’s money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way; and thus was it done unto them. Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man’s money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus did he unto them. Then Joseph gave orders to fill their bags with grain, to return each man’s money to his sack, and to give them provisions for the journey. His orders were carried out.

Genesis 42:25 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐνετείλατο δὲ Ιωσηφ ἐμπλῆσαι τὰ ἀγγεῖα αὐτῶν σίτου καὶ ἀποδοῦναι τὸ ἀργύριον ἑκάστου εἰς τὸν σάκκον αὐτοῦ καὶ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς ἐπισιτισμὸν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς οὕτως ἐνετείλατο δὲ ᾿Ιωσήφ ἐμπλῆσαι τὰ ἀγγεῖα αὐτῶν σίτου καὶ ἀποδοῦναι τὸ ἀργύριον αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ εἰς τὸν σάκκον αὐτοῦ καὶ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς ἐπισιτισμὸν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν. καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς οὕτως

Genesis 42:25 (NETS)

Genesis 42:25 (English Elpenor)

Then Ioseph commanded that they fill their containers with grain and to return the money to each one in his sack and to give them a stock of provisions for the journey. And thus it happened to them. And Joseph gave orders to fill their vessels with corn, and to return their money to each into his sack, and to give them provision for the way; and it was so done to them.

Genesis 42:28 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:28 (KJV)

Genesis 42:28 (NET)

And he said unto his brethren: ‘My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack.’ And their heart failed them, and they turned trembling one to another, saying: ‘What is this that G-d hath done unto us?’ And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they were afraid, saying one to another, What is this that God hath done unto us? He said to his brothers, “My money was returned! Here it is in my sack!” They were dismayed; they turned trembling to one another and said, “What in the world has God done to us?”

Genesis 42:28 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ ἀπεδόθη μοι τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ ἰδοὺ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ μου καὶ ἐξέστη ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν καὶ ἐταράχθησαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους λέγοντες τί τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς ἡμῖν καὶ εἶπε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ· ἐπεδόθη μοι τὸ ἀργύριον, καὶ ἰδοὺ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ μου, καὶ ἐξέστη ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐταράχθησαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους λέγοντες· τί τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν

Genesis 42:28 (NETS)

Genesis 42:28 (English Elpenor)

And he said to his brothers, “The money has been returned to me, and, look, this is in my bag!” And their heart was confounded, and they were mutually troubled, saying, “What is this that God has done to us?” And he said to his brethren, My money has been restored to me, and behold this is in my sack. And their heart was wonder-struck, and they were troubled, saying one to another, What is this that God has done to us?

Genesis 42:30 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:30 (KJV)

Genesis 42:30 (NET)

‘The man, the lord of the land, spoke roughly with us, and took us for spies of the country. The man, who is the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country. “The man, the lord of the land, spoke harshly to us and treated us as if we were spying on the land.

Genesis 42:30 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)

λελάληκεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς πρὸς ἡμᾶς σκληρὰ καὶ ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ἐν φυλακῇ ὡς κατασκοπεύοντας τὴν γῆν λελάληκεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς πρὸς ἡμᾶς σκληρὰ καὶ ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ἐν φυλακῇ ὡς κατασκοπεύοντας τὴν γῆν

Genesis 42:30 (NETS)

Genesis 42:30 (English Elpenor)

“The man, the lord of the land, has spoken harshly to us, and he put us in custody as ones spying out the land. The man, the lord of the land, spoke harsh words to us, and put us in prison as spies of the land.

Genesis 42:33 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:33 (KJV)

Genesis 42:33 (NET)

And the man, the lord of the land, said unto us: Hereby shall I know that ye are upright men: leave one of your brethren with me, and take corn for the famine of your houses, and go your way. And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye are true men; leave one of your brethren here with me, and take food for the famine of your households, and be gone: “Then the man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘This is how I will find out if you are honest men. Leave one of your brothers with me, and take grain for your hungry households and go.

Genesis 42:33 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:33 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς ἐν τούτῳ γνώσομαι ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε ἀδελφὸν ἕνα ἄφετε ὧδε μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ τὸν δὲ ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας τοῦ οἴκου ὑμῶν λαβόντες ἀπέλθατε εἶπε δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς· ἐν τούτῳ γνώσομαι ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε· ἀδελφὸν ἕνα ἄφετε ὧδε μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ, τὸν δὲ ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας τοῦ οἴκου ὑμῶν λαβόντες ἀπέλθατε

Genesis 42:33 (NETS)

Genesis 42:33 (English Elpenor)

Then the man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘By this I shall know that you are peaceable: leave one brother here with me, and go off, taking the purchase of your household’s grain allowance, And the man, the lord of the land, said to us, Herein shall I know that ye are peaceable; leave one brother here with me, and having taken the corn ye have purchased for your family, depart.

Genesis 42:34 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:34 (KJV)

Genesis 42:34 (NET)

And bring your youngest brother unto me; then shall I know that ye are no spies, but that ye are upright men; so will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffic in the land.’ And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know that ye are no spies, but that ye are true men: so will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffick in the land. But bring your youngest brother back to me so I will know that you are honest men and not spies. Then I will give your brother back to you and you may move about freely in the land.’”

Genesis 42:34 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:34 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀγάγετε πρός με τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν τὸν νεώτερον καὶ γνώσομαι ὅτι οὐ κατάσκοποί ἐστε ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν ἀποδώσω ὑμῖν καὶ τῇ γῇ ἐμπορεύεσθε καὶ ἀγάγετε πρός με τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν τὸν νεώτερον, καὶ γνώσομαι ὅτι οὐ κατάσκοποί ἐστε, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε, καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν ἀποδώσω ὑμῖν, καὶ τῇ γῇ ἐμπορεύσεσθε

Genesis 42:34 (NETS)

Genesis 42:34 (English Elpenor)

and bring your younger brother to me—and I shall know that you are not spies, but that you are peaceable, and I will return your brother to you—and travel in the land for business’.” And bring to me your younger brother; then I shall know that ye are not spies, but that ye are men of peace: and I will restore you your brother, and ye shall trade in the land.

Genesis 42:35 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:35 (KJV)

Genesis 42:35 (NET)

And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man’s bundle of money was in his sack; and when they and their father saw their bundles of money, they were afraid. And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man’s bundle of money was in his sack: and when both they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid. When they were emptying their sacks, there was each man’s bag of money in his sack! When they and their father saw the bags of money, they were afraid.

Genesis 42:35 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:35 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ κατακενοῦν αὐτοὺς τοὺς σάκκους αὐτῶν καὶ ἦν ἑκάστου ὁ δεσμὸς τοῦ ἀργυρίου ἐν τῷ σάκκῳ αὐτῶν καὶ εἶδον τοὺς δεσμοὺς τοῦ ἀργυρίου αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ κατακενοῦν αὐτοὺς τοὺς σάκκους αὐτῶν, καὶ ἦν ἑκάστου ὁ δεσμὸς τοῦ ἀργυρίου ἐν τῷ σάκκῳ αὐτῶν· καὶ εἶδον τοὺς δεσμοὺς τοῦ ἀργυρίου αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν

Genesis 42:35 (NETS)

Genesis 42:35 (English Elpenor)

Now it came about as they were emptying their sacks that then each one’s bundle of money was in their sack. And they saw their bundles of money, they and their father, and they were afraid. And it came to pass as they were emptying their sacks, there was each man’s bundle of money in his sack; and they and their father saw their bundles of money, and they were afraid.

Genesis 42:36 (Tanakh)

Genesis 42:36 (KJV)

Genesis 42:36 (NET)

And Jacob their father said unto them: ‘Me have ye bereaved of my children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away; upon me are all these things come.’ And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away: all these things are against me. Their father Jacob said to them, “You are making me childless! Joseph is gone. Simeon is gone. And now you want to take Benjamin! Everything is against me.”

Genesis 42:36 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 42:36 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ιακωβ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν ἐμὲ ἠτεκνώσατε Ιωσηφ οὐκ ἔστιν Συμεων οὐκ ἔστιν καὶ τὸν Βενιαμιν λήμψεσθε ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ ἐγένετο πάντα ταῦτα εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς ᾿Ιακὼβ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν· ἐμὲ ἠτεκνώσατε, ᾿Ιωσὴφ οὔκ ἔστι, Συμεὼν οὐκ ἔστι, καὶ τὸν Βενιαμὶν λήψεσθε; ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἐγένετο ταῦτα πάντα

Genesis 42:36 (NETS)

Genesis 42:36 (English Elpenor)

And their father Iakob said to them, “I am the one you have bereaved of children: Ioseph is not, Symeon is not, and you will take Beniamin. All this has come upon me!” And their father Jacob said to them, Ye have bereaved me. Joseph is not, Symeon is not, and will ye take Benjamin? all these things have come upon me.

Matthew 26:63 (NET)

Matthew 26:63 (KJV)

But Jesus was silent. The high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.” But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.

Matthew 26:63 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 26:63 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 26:63 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἐσιώπα. καὶ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος ἵνα ἡμῖν εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ο δε ιησους εσιωπα και αποκριθεις ο αρχιερευς ειπεν αυτω εξορκιζω σε κατα του θεου του ζωντος ινα ημιν ειπης ει συ ει ο χριστος ο υιος του θεου ο δε ιησους εσιωπα και αποκριθεις ο αρχιερευς ειπεν αυτω εξορκιζω σε κατα του θεου του ζωντος ινα ημιν ειπης ει συ ει ο χριστος ο υιος του θεου

Matthew 26:65, 66 (NET)

Matthew 26:65, 66 (KJV)

Then the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed! Why do we still need witnesses? Now you have heard the blasphemy! Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy.

Matthew 26:65 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 26:65 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 26:65 (Byzantine Majority Text)

τότε ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ λέγων· ἐβλασφήμησεν· τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων; ἴδε νῦν ἠκούσατε τὴν βλασφημίαν· τοτε ο αρχιερευς διερρηξεν τα ιματια αυτου λεγων οτι εβλασφημησεν τι ετι χρειαν εχομεν μαρτυρων ιδε νυν ηκουσατε την βλασφημιαν αυτου τοτε ο αρχιερευς διερρηξεν τα ιματια αυτου λεγων οτι εβλασφημησεν τι ετι χρειαν εχομεν μαρτυρων ιδε νυν ηκουσατε την βλασφημιαν αυτου
What is your verdict?” They answered, “He is guilty and deserves death.” What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death.

Matthew 26:66 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 26:66 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 26:66 (Byzantine Majority Text)

τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ; οἱ δὲ ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν· ἔνοχος θανάτου ἐστίν τι υμιν δοκει οι δε αποκριθεντες ειπον ενοχος θανατου εστιν τι υμιν δοκει οι δε αποκριθεντες ειπον ενοχος θανατου εστιν

Acts 12:2 (NET)

Acts 12:2 (KJV)

He had James, the brother of John, executed with a sword. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.

Acts 12:2 (NET Parallel Greek)

Acts 12:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Acts 12:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)

ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου μαχαίρῃ ανειλεν δε ιακωβον τον αδελφον ιωαννου μαχαιρα ανειλεν δε ιακωβον τον αδελφον ιωαννου μαχαιρα

Hebrews 3:6 (NET)

Hebrews 3:6 (KJV)

But Christ is faithful as a son over God’s house. We are of his house, if in fact we hold firmly to our confidence and the hope we take pride in. But Christ as a son over his own house; whose house are we, if we hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm unto the end.

Hebrews 3:6 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 3:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 3:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)

Χριστὸς δὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ· οὗ οἶκος ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς, |ἐάν[περ]| τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ τὸ καύχημα τῆς ἐλπίδος κατάσχωμεν χριστος δε ως υιος επι τον οικον αυτου ου οικος εσμεν ημεις εανπερ την παρρησιαν και το καυχημα της ελπιδος μεχρι τελους βεβαιαν κατασχωμεν χριστος δε ως υιος επι τον οικον αυτου ου οικος εσμεν ημεις εανπερ την παρρησιαν και το καυχημα της ελπιδος μεχρι τελους βεβαιαν κατασχωμεν

2 Peter 1:17, 18 (NET)

2 Peter 1:17, 18 (KJV)

For he received honor and glory from God the Father, when that voice was conveyed to him by the Majestic Glory: “This is my dear Son, in whom I am delighted.” For he received from God the Father honour and glory, when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

2 Peter 1:17 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Peter 1:17 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Peter 1:17 (Byzantine Majority Text)

λαβὼν γὰρ παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ τοιᾶσδε ὑπὸ τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης· ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός μου οὗτος ἐστιν εἰς ὃν ἐγὼ εὐδόκησα λαβων γαρ παρα θεου πατρος τιμην και δοξαν φωνης ενεχθεισης αυτω τοιασδε υπο της μεγαλοπρεπους δοξης ουτος εστιν ο υιος μου ο αγαπητος εις ον εγω ευδοκησα λαβων γαρ παρα θεου πατρος τιμην και δοξαν φωνης ενεχθεισης αυτω τοιασδε υπο της μεγαλοπρεπους δοξης ουτος εστιν ο υιος μου ο αγαπητος εις ον εγω ευδοκησα
When this voice was conveyed from heaven, we ourselves heard it, for we were with him on the holy mountain. And this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with him in the holy mount.

2 Peter 1:18 (NET Parallel Greek)

2 Peter 1:18 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

2 Peter 1:18 (Byzantine Majority Text)

καὶ ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐνεχθεῖσαν σὺν αὐτῷ ὄντες ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ὄρει και ταυτην την φωνην ημεις ηκουσαμεν εξ ουρανου ενεχθεισαν συν αυτω οντες εν τω ορει τω αγιω και ταυτην την φωνην ημεις ηκουσαμεν εξ ουρανου ενεχθεισαν συν αυτω οντες εν τω ορει τω αγιω

1 Genesis 35:16, 17 (NET)

2 Matthew 9:2 (NET) Table

3 Genesis 35:18 (NET)

4 Genesis 37:26, 27 (NET)

5 Genesis 42:6 (NET)

6 Genesis 42:8, 9 (NET)

7 Genesis 42:21, 22 (NET)

8 Genesis 42:24a (NET)

9 Genesis 42:24b, 25 (NET)

10 Genesis 42:28b (NET)

11 Genesis 42:30 (NET)

12 Genesis 42:33, 34 (NET)

13 Genesis 42:35 (NET)

14 Matthew 17:2, 3 (NET)

15 Matthew 17:5, 6 (NET)

16 Romans 9:31 (NET) Table

17 1 John 4:9 (NET)

18 John 8:58 (NET) Table

19 Matthew 11:27b (NET)

20 Matthew 3:17 (NET)

21 Matthew 14:33 (NET) Table

22 Matthew 16:16, 17 (NET)

23 Matthew 16:20 (NET) Table The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ιησους (KJV: Jesus) preceding the Christ. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

24 Matthew 17:9 (NET) Table

25 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αποκριθεις (KJV: answered) preceding The high priest. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

26 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the pronoun αυτου (KJV: his) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

27 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον (KJV: and said) following They answered, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἶπαν.

28 Acts 12:2 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had μαχαίρῃ here in the dative case, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μαχαιρα (KJV: with the sword) in the nominative case.

29 Acts 3:22a (NET) Table For a table comparing the Greek of Peter’s quotation with that of the Septuagint: Peter’s Second Gospel Proclamation, Part 2

30 Hebrews 3:5a, 6a (NET)

31 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the pronoun μου (my) following Son and dear (KJV: beloved), where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had it following Son only.

32 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τω (the) preceding holy and mountain, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had it preceding holy only.

33 Genesis 42:36 (NET)