The Day of the Lord, Part 1

Posted on March 31, 2023 by admin

In another essay I quoted Paul: For [the day of the Lord] will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction (ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).¹ It rattled my cage more than I realized at first. I didn’t even recognize that cage until it rattled. But now I have to consider whether my assumption that Jesus called Judas Iscariot ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) is like Jesus’ disciples’ discussion about having² no bread³ after He said: “Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!”⁴

To begin I’ll consider the day of the Lord (ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου). Paul wrote (1 Corinthians 1:4-9 NET):

I always thank my God for you because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. For you were made rich in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge—just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ. He will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord (τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν) Jesus Christ. God is faithful, by whom you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

It seems important to me to simply repeat Paul’s words and let them really sink in: you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord by God [who] is faithful. [Y]ou will be blameless on the day of our Lord because He will also strengthen you to the end. [Y]ou do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ because the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus…made [you] rich in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge—just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you.

Again he wrote (2 Corinthians 1:13, 14 NET):

For we do not write you anything other than what you can read and also understand. But I hope that⁵ you will understand completely just as also you have partly understood us, that we are your source of pride just as you also are ours in the day of the Lord (τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου) Jesus.

While taking nothing away from the fact that God is faithful, by whom you were called (ἐκλήθητε, a form of καλέω) into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord,⁶ Paul, through his letters preserved in the New Testament, led me to Christ. I am a recipient of his ministry as much as anyone in Corinth.

Paul is my καύχημα: “a boast, object of boasting, exultation; glory, honour; pride, object of pride; rejoicing.” But I’ve assumed he wouldn’t care much for me. I am too slow, too hesitant to believe.

Even if that were so, if we were suddenly thrust together as I am now, it will not be so on the day of the Lord, when we both can smile and nod to one another, both made blameless by the same God and Father through the same Lord Jesus Christ. For I am sure of this very thing, Paul wrote, that the one who began a good work in you will perfect it until⁷ the day of Christ Jesus.⁸

Paul wrote (1 Thessalonians 5:1-11 NET):

Now on the topic of times and seasons, brothers and sisters, you have no need for anything to be written to you. For you know quite well that the⁹ day of the Lord (ἡμέρα κυρίου) will come in the same way as a thief in the night. Now¹⁰ when they are saying, “There is peace and security,” then sudden destruction comes on them, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape (or, “emerge [like a baby out of the womb];” ἐκφύγωσιν, a form of ἐκφεύγω). But you, brothers and sisters, are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would. For¹¹ you all are sons of the light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of the darkness. So then we must not sleep as¹² the rest, but must stay alert and sober. For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk are drunk at night. But since we are of the day, we must stay sober by putting on the breastplate of faith and love and as a helmet our hope for salvation. For God did not destine (ἔθετο, a form of τίθημι) us for wrath but for gaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ [Table]. He died for us so that whether we are alert or asleep, we will come to life together with him. Therefore encourage one another and build up each other, just as you are in fact doing.

In this context it’s fairly obvious that you, brothers and sisters, are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would¹³ doesn’t mean that you will know when the day of the Lord is any more than they or them. It is simply that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord¹⁴ because He will also strengthen you to the end.¹⁵

It seems important to pin down who exactly you and they are here. Paul wrote (1 Thessalonians 4:9-12 NET):

Now on the topic of brotherly love you have no need for anyone to write you, for you yourselves are taught by God to love one another. And indeed you are practicing it toward all the brothers and sisters in all of Macedonia. But we urge you, brothers and sisters, to do so more and more, to aspire to lead a quiet life, to attend to your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you. In this way you will live a decent life before outsiders and not be in need.

So, you yourselves are taught by God to love one another. And indeed you are practicing it toward all the brothers and sisters.¹⁶ The outsiders (τοὺς ἔξω), presumably, are [not] taught by God to love one another and are [not] practicing it toward all the brothers and sisters.

Paul also wrote (1 Thessalonians 4:3-5, 7, 8 NET):

For this is God’s will: that you become holy, that you keep away from sexual immorality, that each of you know how to possess his own body in holiness and honor, not in lustful passion like the Gentiles who do not know God.

For God did not call us to impurity but in holiness. Consequently the one who rejects this is not rejecting human authority but God, who gives his Holy Spirit to you [Table].

They, called the Gentiles who do not know God (τὰ ἔθνη τὰ μὴ εἰδότα τὸν θεόν) here, live in lustful passion. You will become holy; you will keep away from sexual immorality; you will know how to possess [your] own body in holiness and honor because you, presumably, know God and this is God’s will for you. God gives his Holy Spirit to you.

Again, Paul wrote (1 Thessalonians 2:11-16a NET);

As you know, we treated each one of you as a father treats his own children, exhorting and encouraging you¹⁷ and insisting that you live¹⁸ in a way worthy of God who calls you to his own kingdom and his glory. And¹⁹ so we too constantly thank God that when you received God’s message that you heard from us, you accepted it not as a human message, but as it truly is, God’s message, which is at work among you who believe. For you became imitators, brothers and sisters, of God’s churches in Christ Jesus that are in Judea, because you too suffered the same things²⁰ from your own countrymen as they in fact did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets²¹ and persecuted us severely. They are displeasing to God and are opposed to all people because they hinder us from speaking to the Gentiles so that they may be saved.

[Y]ou live in a way worthy of God who calls you to his own kingdom and his glory.²² They, called Jews (τῶν Ἰουδαίων) here, who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets and persecuted us severely, are displeasing to God and are opposed to all people because they hinder us from speaking to the Gentiles so that they may be saved.²³ But here it becomes quite clear that they are neither Jews nor Gentiles per se: For you became imitators, brothers and sisters, of God’s churches in Christ Jesus that are in Judea (e.g., in large part Jews), because you too suffered the same things from your own countrymen (e.g., in large part Gentiles) as they in fact did from the Jews.²⁴

So, what is the salient difference between you and they? [Y]ou received God’s message that you heard from us; you accepted it not as a human message, but as it truly is, God’s message, which is at work among you who believe.²⁵ And you became imitators of us and of the Lord when you received the message with joy that comes from the Holy Spirit, despite great affliction.²⁶ They, presumably, had not received God’s message and had not become imitators (μιμηταὶ, a form of μιμητής) of us and of the Lord.

Paul continued (1 Thessalonians 1:9. 10 NET):

For people everywhere report how you welcomed us²⁷ and how you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God and to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the²⁸ dead, Jesus our deliverer from²⁹ the coming wrath.

How is Jesus our deliverer from the coming wrath? The Greek word translated deliverer was ρυόμενον, a participle of the verb ῥύομαι: “properly, draw (pull) to oneself,” according to the HELPS Word-studies on Bible Hub. [Y]ou turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God and to wait for his Son from heaven. They, presumably, did not. So this is an indication of how they become you. An example of the inverse, you becoming they, follows:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 2:6 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 2:6 (NET)	Isaiah 2:6 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:6 (English Elpenor)
Therefore thou hast forsaken (נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה) thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.	Indeed, O Lord, you have abandoned (nāṭaš, נטשתה) your people, the descendants of Jacob. For diviners from the east are everywhere; they consult omen readers like the Philistines do. Plenty of foreigners are around.	For he has abandoned (ἀνῆκεν) his people, the house of Israel, because their country, like that of the allophyles, was filled with divinations as it had been at the beginning, and many allophyle children were born to them.	For he has forsaken (ἀνῆκε) his people the house of Israel, because their land is filled as at the beginning with divinations, as the [land] of the Philistines,* and many strange children were born to them.

I want to pause here to consider forsaken (Tanakh, KJV, English Elpenor) and abandoned (NET, NETS). The Hebrew word was נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה (nāṭaš). The Greek word was ἀνῆκε(ν). I’m having a difficult time recalling or articulating what I thought forsaken or abandoned meant.

I’m reasonably convinced it was not “to let loose; to run wild; to let (someone/something) run free without restraint,” the first entry for ἀνῆκε(ν) (a form of ἀνίημι) in the Koine Greek Lexicon online. Staring at that definition, I have to admit it was my experience when I became an atheist. And it is what Paul described as the wrath (ὀργὴ) of God…revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth by their unrighteousness.³⁰

Ungodliness and Unrighteousness of People	The Wrath of God Revealed from Heaven
Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for an image resembling mortal human beings or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles.³¹	Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity, to dishonor their bodies among themselves.³²
They exchanged the truth of God for a lie and worshiped and served the creation rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.³³	For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones, and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed in their passions for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error [Table].³⁴
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God,³⁵	God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. They are filled with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips [Table], slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, senseless, covenant-breakers, heartless, ruthless [Table]. Although they fully know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.³⁶

So, the opposite of this wrath, of being forsaken or abandoned is the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. For you were made rich in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge—just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ. He will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.³⁷

The Lord continued to describe through Isaiah how you became they:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 2:7-9 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 2:7-9 (NET)	Isaiah 2:7-9 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:7-9 (English Elpenor)
Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots:	Their land is full of gold and silver; there is no end to their wealth. Their land is full of horses; there is no end to their chariots.	For their country was filled with silver and gold, and there was no number to their treasures, and the land was filled with horses, and there was no number to their chariots.	For their land is filled with silver and gold, and there was no number of their treasures; their land also is filled with horses, and there was no number of chariots.
“Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:	Their land is full of worthless idols; they worship the product of their own hands, what their own fingers have fashioned.	And the land is filled with abominations, the works of their hands, and they did obeisance to the things their own fingers had made.	And the land is filled with abominations, [even] the works of their hands; and they have worshipped [the works] which their fingers made.
And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive (תִּשָּׂ֖א) them not.	Men bow down to them in homage, they lie flat on the ground in worship. Don’t spare (nāśā’, תשׁא) them!	And so a person bowed down, and a man was humbled—and I will not forgive (ἀνήσω) them!	And the mean man bowed down, and the great man was humbled: and I will not pardon (ἀνήσω) them.

Though the English versions of the Septuagint were translated to match the Masoretic text, the actual Greek word ἀνήσω (another form of ἀνίημι) sounds more like the Lord’s promise not to allow his people “to run wild” in the future, not “to let go,” not “to leave [them] uncared for” or “unattended.” In other words, they will not be forsaken or abandoned forever, nor will God’s wrath remain upon them forever. They will not be they forever, but will be restored to you.

Moses’ promises to Israel and Joshua respectively were translated in the Septuagint with two more forms of ἀνίημι: ἀνῇ and ἀνήσει.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 (NET)	Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 (English Elpenor)
Be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be affrighted at them; for HaShem thy G-d, He it is that doth go with thee; He will not fail (יַרְפְּךָ֖) thee, nor forsake thee.’	Be strong and courageous! Do not fear or tremble before them, for the Lord your God is the one who is going with you. He will not fail (rāp̄â, ירפך) you or abandon you!”	Be manly and strong; have no fear, nor be frightened, nor be terrified from before them, because the Lord your God, he who goes with you among you, will not forsake (ἀνῇ) you or abandon you.”	Be courageous and strong, fear not, neither be cowardly neither be afraid before them; for [it is] the Lord your God that advances with you in the midst of you, neither will he by any means forsake (ἀνῇ) thee, nor desert thee.
And HaShem, He it is that doth go before thee; He will be with thee, He will not fail (יַרְפְּךָ֖) thee, neither forsake thee; fear not, neither be dismayed.’	The Lord is indeed going before you—he will be with you; he will not fail (rāp̄â, ירפך) you or abandon you. Do not be afraid or discouraged!”	And the Lord, the one who goes with you, will not forsake (ἀνήσει) you or abandon you. Do not fear, nor be frightened.	And the Lord that goes with thee shall not forsake (ἀνήσει) thee nor abandon thee; fear not, neither be afraid.

According to a note (9) in the NET 1 Thessalonians 5:8 contained an allusion to Isaiah 59:17. A comparison of the Greek of 1 Thessalonians 5:8 to Isaiah 59:17 in the Septuagint follows.

1 Thessalonians 5:8b (NET Parallel Greek)	Isaiah 59:17a (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:17a (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακα πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης	ἐνεδύσατο δικαιοσύνην ὡς θώρακα	ἐνεδύσατο δικαιοσύνην ὡς θώρακα
1 Thessalonians 5:8b (NET)	Isaiah 59:17a (NETS)	Isaiah 59:17a (English Elpenor)
putting on the breastplate of faith and love	he put on righteousness like a breastplate	he put on righteousness as a breast-plate

In this passage about the Lord bringing salvation, the Lord’s δικαιοσύνην (righteousness) becomes πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης (faith and love) when applied to human beings. The allusion continued:

1 Thessalonians 5:8c (NET Parallel Greek)	Isaiah 59:17b (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:17b (Septuagint Elpenor)
περικεφαλαίαν ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας	περιέθετο περικεφαλαίαν σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς	περιέθετο περικεφαλαίαν σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς
1 Thessalonians 5:8c (NET)	Isaiah 59:17b (NETS)	Isaiah 59:17b (English Elpenor)
as a helmet our hope for salvation	places a helmet of salvation on his head	placed the helmet of salvation on his head

The Lord wears the helmet of salvation on his head (σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς). Our helmet is our hope (ἐλπίδα), or “confident expectation,” for salvation (σωτηρίας), the very salvation He has acquired for us. What is absent from this allusion, as applied to human beings, is any mention of he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak.³⁸

Tables comparing Isaiah 59:17; 2:6; 2:7; 2:8; 2:9; Deuteronomy 31:6 and 31:8 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Isaiah 59:17; 2:6; 2:7; 2:8; 2:9; Deuteronomy 31:6 and 31:8 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Mark 8:16; 2 Corinthians 1:13; Philippians 1:6; 1 Thessalonians 5:2, 3; 5:5, 6; 2:12-15 and 1:9, 10 in the NET and KJV follow.

Isaiah 59:17 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 59:17 (KJV)	Isaiah 59:17 (NET)
For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak.	For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke.	He wears his desire for justice like body armor, and his desire to deliver is like a helmet on his head. He puts on the garments of vengeance and wears zeal like a robe.

Isaiah 59:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 59:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐνεδύσατο δικαιοσύνην ὡς θώρακα καὶ περιέθετο περικεφαλαίαν σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ περιεβάλετο ἱμάτιον ἐκδικήσεως καὶ τὸ περιβόλαιον	καὶ ἐνεδύσατο δικαιοσύνην ὡς θώρακα καὶ περιέθετο περικεφαλαίαν σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ περιεβάλετο ἱμάτιον ἐκδικήσεως καὶ τὸ περιβόλαιον
Isaiah 59:17 (NETS)	Isaiah 59:17 (English Elpenor)
And he put on righteousness like a breastplate and places a helmet of salvation on his head, and he clothed himself with a garment of vengeance and with his cloak,	And he put on righteousness as a breast-plate, and placed the helmet of salvation on his head; and he clothed himself with the garment of vengeance, and with his cloak,

Isaiah 2:6 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 2:6 (KJV)	Isaiah 2:6 (NET)
Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.	Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.	Indeed, O Lord, you have abandoned your people, the descendants of Jacob. For diviners from the east are everywhere; they consult omen readers like the Philistines do. Plenty of foreigners are around.

Isaiah 2:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 2:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀνῆκεν γὰρ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ ὅτι ἐνεπλήσθη ὡς τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν κληδονισμῶν ὡς ἡ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων καὶ τέκνα πολλὰ ἀλλόφυλα ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς	ἀνῆκε γὰρ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ, ὅτι ἐνεπλήσθη ὡς τὸ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν κληδονισμῶν, ὡς ἡ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ τέκνα πολλὰ ἀλλόφυλα ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς
Isaiah 2:6 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:6 (English Elpenor)
For he has abandoned his people, the house of Israel, because their country, like that of the allophyles, was filled with divinations as it had been at the beginning, and many allophyle children were born to them.	For he has forsaken his people the house of Israel, because their land is filled as at the beginning with divinations, as the [land] of the Philistines,* and many strange children were born to them.

Isaiah 2:7 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 2:7 (KJV)	Isaiah 2:7 (NET)
Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots:	Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots:	Their land is full of gold and silver; there is no end to their wealth. Their land is full of horses; there is no end to their chariots.

Isaiah 2:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 2:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐνεπλήσθη γὰρ ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν ἀργυρίου καὶ χρυσίου καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς τῶν θησαυρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη ἡ γῆ ἵππων καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἁρμάτων αὐτῶν	ἐνεπλήσθη γὰρ ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν ἀργυρίου καὶ χρυσίου, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς τῶν θησαυρῶν αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη ἡ γῆ ἵππων, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἁρμάτων αὐτῶν
Isaiah 2:7 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:7 (English Elpenor)
For their country was filled with silver and gold, and there was no number to their treasures, and the land was filled with horses, and there was no number to their chariots.	For their land is filled with silver and gold, and there was no number of their treasures; their land also is filled with horses, and there was no number of chariots.

Isaiah 2:8 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 2:8 (KJV)	Isaiah 2:8 (NET)
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:	Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:	Their land is full of worthless idols; they worship the product of their own hands, what their own fingers have fashioned.

Isaiah 2:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 2:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη ἡ γῆ βδελυγμάτων τῶν ἔργων τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν οἷς ἐποίησαν οἱ δάκτυλοι αὐτῶν	καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη ἡ γῆ βδελυγμάτων τῶν ἔργων τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ προσεκύνησαν, οἷς ἐποίησαν οἱ δάκτυλοι αὐτῶν
Isaiah 2:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:8 (English Elpenor)
And the land is filled with abominations, the works of their hands, and they did obeisance to the things their own fingers had made.	And the land is filled with abominations, [even] the works of their hands; and they have worshipped [the works] which their fingers made.

Isaiah 2:9 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 2:9 (KJV)	Isaiah 2:9 (NET)
And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not.	And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not.	Men bow down to them in homage, they lie flat on the ground in worship. Don’t spare them!

Isaiah 2:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 2:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔκυψεν ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἐταπεινώθη ἀνήρ καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀνήσω αὐτούς	καὶ ἔκυψεν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ἐταπεινώθη ἀνήρ, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀνήσω αὐτούς
Isaiah 2:9 (NETS)	Isaiah 2:9 (English Elpenor)
And so a person bowed down, and a man was humbled—and I will not forgive them!	And the mean man bowed down, and the great man was humbled: and I will not pardon them.

Deuteronomy 31:6 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 31:6 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 31:6 (NET)
Be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be affrighted at them; for HaShem thy G-d, He it is that doth go with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.’	Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of them: for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.	Be strong and courageous! Do not fear or tremble before them, for the Lord your God is the one who is going with you. He will not fail you or abandon you!”

Deuteronomy 31:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 31:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀνδρίζου καὶ ἴσχυε μὴ φοβοῦ μηδὲ δειλία μηδὲ πτοηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεός σου ὁ προπορευόμενος μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν ἐν ὑμῖν οὐ μή σε ἀνῇ οὔτε μή σε ἐγκαταλίπῃ	ἀνδρίζου καὶ ἴσχυε, μὴ φοβοῦ μηδὲ δειλιάσης μηδὲ πτοηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν, ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ὁ προπορευόμενος μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ἐν ὑμῖν, οὔτε μή σε ἀνῇ, οὔτε μή σε ἐγκαταλίπῃ
Deuteronomy 31:6 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 31:6 (English Elpenor)
Be manly and strong; have no fear, nor be frightened, nor be terrified from before them, because the Lord your God, he who goes with you among you, will not forsake you or abandon you.”	Be courageous and strong, fear not, neither be cowardly neither be afraid before them; for [it is] the Lord your God that advances with you in the midst of you, neither will he by any means forsake thee, nor desert thee.

Deuteronomy 31:8 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 31:8 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 31:8 (NET)
And HaShem, He it is that doth go before thee; He will be with thee, He will not fail thee, neither forsake thee; fear not, neither be dismayed.’	And the LORD, he it is that doth go before thee; he will be with thee, he will not fail thee, neither forsake thee: fear not, neither be dismayed.	The Lord is indeed going before you—he will be with you; he will not fail you or abandon you. Do not be afraid or discouraged!”

Deuteronomy 31:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 31:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ κύριος ὁ συμπορευόμενος μετὰ σοῦ οὐκ ἀνήσει σε οὐδὲ μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃ σε μὴ φοβοῦ μηδὲ δειλία	καὶ Κύριος ὁ συμπορευόμενος μετὰ σοῦ οὐκ ἀνήσει σε, οὐδὲ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπῃ· μὴ φοβοῦ μηδὲ δειλία
Deuteronomy 31:8 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 31:8 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord, the one who goes with you, will not forsake you or abandon you. Do not fear, nor be frightened.	And the Lord that goes with thee shall not forsake thee nor abandon thee; fear not, neither be afraid.

Mark 8:16 (NET)	Mark 8:16 (KJV)
So they began to discuss with one another about having no bread.	And they reasoned among themselves, saying, It is because we have no bread.

Mark 8:16 (NET Parallel Greek)	Mark 8:16 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Mark 8:16 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ διελογίζοντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχουσιν	και διελογιζοντο προς αλληλους λεγοντες οτι αρτους ουκ εχομεν	και διελογιζοντο προς αλληλους λεγοντες οτι αρτους ουκ εχομεν

2 Corinthians 1:13 (NET)	2 Corinthians 1:13 (KJV)
For we do not write you anything other than what you can read and also understand. But I hope that you will understand completely	For we write none other things unto you, than what ye read or acknowledge; and I trust ye shall acknowledge even to the end;

2 Corinthians 1:13 (NET Parallel Greek)	2 Corinthians 1:13 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	2 Corinthians 1:13 (Byzantine Majority Text)
οὐ γὰρ ἄλλα γράφομεν ὑμῖν ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἃ ἀναγινώσκετε ἢ καὶ ἐπιγινώσκετε· ἐλπίζω δὲ ὅτι ἕως τέλους ἐπιγνώσεσθε	ου γαρ αλλα γραφομεν υμιν αλλ η α αναγινωσκετε η και επιγινωσκετε ελπιζω δε οτι και εως τελους επιγνωσεσθε	ου γαρ αλλα γραφομεν υμιν αλλ η α αναγινωσκετε η και επιγινωσκετε ελπιζω δε οτι και εως τελους επιγνωσεσθε

Philippians 1:6 (NET)	Philippians 1:6 (KJV)
For I am sure of this very thing, that the one who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus.	Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:

Philippians 1:6 (NET Parallel Greek)	Philippians 1:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	Philippians 1:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)
πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσει ἄχρι ἡμέρας Χριστοῦ \|Ἰησοῦ\|	πεποιθως αυτο τουτο οτι ο εναρξαμενος εν υμιν εργον αγαθον επιτελεσει αχρις ημερας ιησου χριστου	πεποιθως αυτο τουτο οτι ο εναρξαμενος εν υμιν εργον αγαθον επιτελεσει αχρις ημερας χριστου ιησου

1 Thessalonians 5:2, 3 (NET)	1 Thessalonians 5:2, 3 (KJV)
For you know quite well that the day of the Lord will come in the same way as a thief in the night.	For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night.

1 Thessalonians 5:2 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 5:2 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 5:2 (Byzantine Majority Text)
αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς οἴδατε ὅτι ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως ἔρχεται	αυτοι γαρ ακριβως οιδατε οτι η ημερα κυριου ως κλεπτης εν νυκτι ουτως ερχεται	αυτοι γαρ ακριβως οιδατε οτι η ημερα κυριου ως κλεπτης εν νυκτι ουτως ερχεται

Now when they are saying, “There is peace and security,” then sudden destruction comes on them, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape.

For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape.

1 Thessalonians 5:3 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 5:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 5:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ὅταν \|δὲ\| λέγωσιν· εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια, τότε αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς \|ἐφίσταται\| ὄλεθρος ὥσπερ ἡ ὠδὶν τῇ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐκφύγωσιν	οταν γαρ λεγωσιν ειρηνη και ασφαλεια τοτε αιφνιδιος αυτοις εφισταται ολεθρος ωσπερ η ωδιν τη εν γαστρι εχουση και ου μη εκφυγωσιν	οταν γαρ λεγωσιν ειρηνη και ασφαλεια τοτε αιφνιδιος αυτοις εφισταται ολεθρος ωσπερ η ωδιν τη εν γαστρι εχουση και ου μη εκφυγωσιν

1 Thessalonians 5:5, 6 (NET)	1 Thessalonians 5:5, 6 (KJV)
For you all are sons of the light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of the darkness.	Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness.

1 Thessalonians 5:5 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 5:5 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 5:5 (Byzantine Majority Text)
πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας. Οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους	παντες υμεις υιοι φωτος εστε και υιοι ημερας ουκ εσμεν νυκτος ουδε σκοτους	παντες υμεις υιοι φωτος εστε και υιοι ημερας ουκ εσμεν νυκτος ουδε σκοτους

So then we must not sleep as the rest, but must stay alert and sober.

Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober.

1 Thessalonians 5:6 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 5:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 5:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ἄρα οὖν μὴ καθεύδωμεν ὡς οἱ λοιποί ἀλλὰ γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν	αρα ουν μη καθευδωμεν ως και οι λοιποι αλλα γρηγορωμεν και νηφωμεν	αρα ουν μη καθευδωμεν ως και οι λοιποι αλλα γρηγορωμεν και νηφωμεν

1 Thessalonians 2:12-15 (NET)	1 Thessalonians 2:12-15 (KJV)
exhorting and encouraging you and insisting that you live in a way worthy of God who calls you to his own kingdom and his glory.	That ye would walk worthy of God, who hath called you unto his kingdom and glory.

1 Thessalonians 2:12 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 2:12 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 2:12 (Byzantine Majority Text)
παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς καὶ παραμυθούμενοι καὶ μαρτυρόμενοι εἰς τὸ περιπατεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ καλοῦντος ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν	και μαρτυρουμενοι εις το περιπατησαι υμας αξιως του θεου του καλουντος υμας εις την εαυτου βασιλειαν και δοξαν	και μαρτυρομενοι εις το περιπατησαι υμας αξιως του θεου του καλουντος υμας εις την εαυτου βασιλειαν και δοξαν

And so we too constantly thank God that when you received God’s message that you heard from us, you accepted it not as a human message, but as it truly is, God’s message, which is at work among you who believe.

For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe.

1 Thessalonians 2:13 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 2:13 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 2:13 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ θεῷ ἀδιαλείπτως, ὅτι παραλαβόντες λόγον ἀκοῆς παρ᾿ ἡμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐδέξασθε οὐ λόγον ἀνθρώπων ἀλλὰ καθώς ἐστιν \|ἀληθῶς\| λόγον θεοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἐνεργεῖται ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν	δια τουτο και ημεις ευχαριστουμεν τω θεω αδιαλειπτως οτι παραλαβοντες λογον ακοης παρ ημων του θεου εδεξασθε ου λογον ανθρωπων αλλα καθως εστιν αληθως λογον θεου ος και ενεργειται εν υμιν τοις πιστευουσιν	δια τουτο και ημεις ευχαριστουμεν τω θεω αδιαλειπτως οτι παραλαβοντες λογον ακοης παρ ημων του θεου εδεξασθε ου λογον ανθρωπων αλλα καθως εστιν αληθως λογον θεου ος και ενεργειται εν υμιν τοις πιστευουσιν

For you became imitators, brothers and sisters, of God’s churches in Christ Jesus that are in Judea, because you too suffered the same things from your own countrymen as they in fact did from the Jews,

For ye, brethren, became followers of the churches of God which in Judaea are in Christ Jesus: for ye also have suffered like things of your own countrymen, even as they have of the Jews:

1 Thessalonians 2:14 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 2:14 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 2:14 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ὑμεῖς γὰρ μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε, ἀδελφοί, τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε καὶ ὑμεῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν καθὼς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	υμεις γαρ μιμηται εγενηθητε αδελφοι των εκκλησιων του θεου των ουσων εν τη ιουδαια εν χριστω ιησου οτι ταυτα επαθετε και υμεις υπο των ιδιων συμφυλετων καθως και αυτοι υπο των ιουδαιων	υμεις γαρ μιμηται εγενηθητε αδελφοι των εκκλησιων του θεου των ουσων εν τη ιουδαια εν χριστω ιησου οτι τα αυτα επαθετε και υμεις υπο των ιδιων συμφυλετων καθως και αυτοι υπο των ιουδαιων

who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets and persecuted us severely. They are displeasing to God and are opposed to all people

Who both killed the Lord Jesus, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they please not God, and are contrary to all men:

1 Thessalonians 2:15 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 2:15 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 2:15 (Byzantine Majority Text)
τῶν καὶ τὸν κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων καὶ θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων	των και τον κυριον αποκτειναντων ιησουν και τους ιδιους προφητας και υμας εκδιωξαντων και θεω μη αρεσκοντων και πασιν ανθρωποις εναντιων	των και τον κυριον αποκτειναντων ιησουν και τους ιδιους προφητας και ημας εκδιωξαντων και θεω μη αρεσκοντων και πασιν ανθρωποις εναντιων

1 Thessalonians 1:9, 10 (NET)	1 Thessalonians 1:9, 10 (KJV)
For people everywhere report how you welcomed us and how you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God	For they themselves shew of us what manner of entering in we had unto you, and how ye turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God;

1 Thessalonians 1:9 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 1:9 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 1:9 (Byzantine Majority Text)
αὐτοὶ γὰρ περὶ ἡμῶν ἀπαγγέλλουσιν ὁποίαν εἴσοδον ἔσχομεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ πῶς ἐπεστρέψατε πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων δουλεύειν θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ	αυτοι γαρ περι ημων απαγγελλουσιν οποιαν εισοδον εχομεν προς υμας και πως επεστρεψατε προς τον θεον απο των ειδωλων δουλευειν θεω ζωντι και αληθινω	αυτοι γαρ περι ημων απαγγελλουσιν οποιαν εισοδον εσχομεν προς υμας και πως επεστρεψατε προς τον θεον απο των ειδωλων δουλευειν θεω ζωντι και αληθινω

and to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus our deliverer from the coming wrath.

And to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come.

1 Thessalonians 1:10 (NET Parallel Greek)	1 Thessalonians 1:10 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)	1 Thessalonians 1:10 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ ἀναμένειν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, ὃν ἤγειρεν ἐκ [τῶν] νεκρῶν, Ἰησοῦν τὸν ρυόμενον ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς ὀργῆς τῆς ἐρχομένης	και αναμενειν τον υιον αυτου εκ των ουρανων ον ηγειρεν εκ νεκρων ιησουν τον ρυομενον ημας απο της οργης της ερχομενης	και αναμενειν τον υιον αυτου εκ των ουρανων ον ηγειρεν εκ των νεκρων ιησουν τον ρυομενον ημας απο της οργης της ερχομενης

The Day of the Lord, Part 2

Back to Christianity, Part 9

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 3

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 4

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 5

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 6

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 7

Back to αὐτοῦ and ἑαυτοῦ, Part 1

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 8

Back to Christ-Centered Preaching, Chapter 1

¹ 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (NET)

² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἔχουσιν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εχομεν (KJV: we have).

³ Mark 8:16b (NET)

⁴ Mark 8:15b (NET)

⁵ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: even) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁶ 1 Corinthians 1:9 (NET)

⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἄχρι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αχρις.

⁸ Philippians 1:6 (NET)

⁹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article η preceding day. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁰ The NET parallel Greek text had δὲ here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γαρ (KJV: For). The NA²⁸ had neither.

¹¹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had γὰρ here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

¹² The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ὡς και here, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had simply ὡς.

¹³ 1 Thessalonians 5:4 (NET)

¹⁴ 1 Corinthians 1:8b (NET)

¹⁵ 1 Corinthians 1:8a (NET)

¹⁶ 1 Thessalonians 4:9b-10a (NET)

¹⁷ The NET parallel Greek text had παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς καὶ παραμυθούμενοι (NET: exhorting and encouraging you) here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA²⁸ had it at the end of verse 11.

¹⁸ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had περιπατεῖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had περιπατησαι (KJV: would walk).

¹⁹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had Καὶ here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

²⁰ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had τὰ αὐτὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had ταυτα (KJV: like things).

²¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ιδιους (KJV: their own) preceding prophets. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²² 1 Thessalonians 2:12b (NET)

²³ 1 Thessalonians 2:15 (NET)

²⁴ 1 Thessalonians 2:14 (NET)

²⁵ 1 Thessalonians 2:13b (NET)

²⁶ 1 Thessalonians 1:6 (NET)

²⁷ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had ἔσχομεν here (NET note 19: “what sort of entrance we had to you”), where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had εχομεν.

²⁸ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τῶν here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

²⁹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐκ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απο.

³⁰ Romans 1:18 (NET)

³¹ Romans 1:22, 23 (NET)

³² Romans 1:24 (NET) Table

³³ Romans 1:25 (NET)

³⁴ Romans 1:26, 27 (NET)

³⁵ Romans 1:28a (NET)

³⁶ Romans 1:28b-32 (NET)

³⁷ 1 Corinthians 1:4b-8 (NET)

³⁸ Isaiah 59:17b (Tanakh)

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 11

Posted on March 5, 2023 by admin

And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself,¹ Jesus said. The Greek word translated when was ἐὰν. Another possible translation was if: And I, [if] I am lifted up from the earth…

I understand why the translators chose when; if might imply to some that Jesus questioned whether his crucifixion might happen: My Father, if (εἰ) possible, let this cup pass from me!² But to the philosophical bent of my mind, if sounds like the introduction to an if-then statement.

If Jesus is crucified,
then He will draw all people to Himself.
Jesus was crucified.
Therefore, He will draw all people to Himself.

This is a valid form of deductive reasoning called modus ponens or affirming the antecedent. It is logically equivalent to:

If Jesus is crucified,
then He will draw all people to Himself.
Jesus will not draw all people to Himself.
Therefore, He was not crucified.

This is another valid form of deductive reasoning called modus tollens or denying the consequent. Though the form is valid, everything depends on the truth of the original conditional statement. Interestingly, the example of a conditional statement given in the Oxford Reference online is false.

If the burglars entered by the front door,
then they forced the lock.
The burglars entered by the front door.
Therefore, they forced the lock.

Affirming the antecedent seems at least plausible. What about denying the consequent?

If the burglars entered by the front door,
then they forced the lock.
The lock was not forced.
Therefore, the burglars did not enter by the front door.

Perhaps the burglars had a key. Perhaps they found the front door unlocked and were savvy enough to lock it as they exited, making the crime scene appear more like insurance fraud than burglary.

Those who believe Jesus assume that his conditional statements are true. That probably explains why I’m not finding a lot of rational arguments describing: “1) how Jesus was wrong and 2) when He changed his mind.” I’m finding emotional arguments instead disputing that He said, I…will draw all people to Myself.

Those with no philosophical bent to their minds feel no compulsion in the argument that Jesus will not draw all to Himself is the logical equivalent of Jesus was not crucified. So, I’ll continue to take the long way, which I’m finding quite edifying anyway. Jesus prayed (John 17:12 NET [Table]):

When I was with them I kept them safe and watched over them in your name that you have given me. Not one of them was lost except the one destined for destruction, so that the scripture could be fulfilled.

The phrase except the one destined for destruction (KJV: but the son of perdition) was εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας in Greek. As I worked on this essay it was brought to my attention that Paul used this same phrase (2 Thessalonians 2:3 NET):

Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction (ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας).

It has forced me to acknowledge my assumption that Jesus prayed about Judas Iscariot above. It seems like a good assumption when I focus on, When I was with them I kept them safe and watched over them in your name.³ But if I consider the preceding verse and verse 20 I must admit that Jesus may have been looking much further afield than I have previously imagined. I will proceed, however, as if my original assumption was correct.

Here is what happened when Peter questioned Jesus about the destiny of another (John 21:20-22 ESV):

Peter⁴ turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them, the one who also had leaned back against him during the supper and had said, “Lord, who is it that is going to betray you?” When⁵ Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, “Lord, what about this man?” Jesus said to him, “If it is my will that he remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me!”

I doubt that Jesus would ever question me about Judas Iscariot. But if He asked why I believed that Judas would be redeemed, my account would be: You said you would draw all to yourself. If He asked why I believed that Judas was eternally doomed, I could answer: You prayed, Not one of them was lost except the one destined for destruction, so that the scripture could be fulfilled.⁶ In other words, I would be arguing that lost (ἀπώλετο, a form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω) and ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (NET: the one destined for destruction) were of eternal, rather than temporal, consequence, so that the scripture could be fulfilled. Wow!

Now, I don’t intend to argue that the sin condemned in Judas Iscariot’s flesh, standing on Jesus’ left (if I have understood this moment correctly) will not be condemned into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels.⁷ It is difficult for me to argue, however, that there would be no corresponding new human born of God and the one we know as Judas Iscariot standing on Jesus’ right so that the scripture could be fulfilled. I, and anyone who loves the truth of the scripture, would owe Judas Iscariot an eternal debt of gratitude. But is it necessary for Judas Iscariot to be utterly destroyed eternally so that the scripture could be fulfilled?

I’ll continue to look at examples of ἀπώλετο and ἀπωλείας in the Septuagint and try to remember that the words ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας were applied to another as well.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 9:5 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 9:5 (NET)	Psalm 9:6 (NETS)	Psalm 9:6 (English Elpenor)
Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed (אִבַּ֣דְתָּ) the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.	You terrified the nations with your battle cry. You destroyed (‘āḇaḏ, אבדת) the wicked; you permanently wiped out all memory of them.	You rebuked nations, and the impious perished (ἀπώλετο); their name you blotted out forever and forever and ever.	Thou hast rebuked the nations, and the ungodly one has perished (ἀπώλετο); thou hast blotted out their name for ever, even for ever and ever.

Phrases like for ever and ever (Tanakh/KJV), forever and forever and ever (NETS) and for ever, even for ever and ever (English Elpenor) make this occurrence of ἀπώλετο (a form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω) seem about as eternal in duration as I can imagine. Only the English Elpenor translation of ὁ ἀσεβής (the ungodly one) makes it entirely clear that that which was destroyed or perished is singular. The Tanakh on chabad.org also translated רָשָׁ֑ע (‘āḇaḏ), a wicked man. I admit I have tended to hear the wicked, the impious and the ungodly as concrete plurals signifying wicked, impious or ungodly people.

A concrete example of God’s destruction of wicked men follows:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 16:26 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:26 (NET)	Numbers 16:26 (NETS)	Numbers 16:26 (English Elpenor)
And [Moses] spoke unto the congregation, saying: ‘Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked (הָֽרְשָׁעִים֙) men (הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים), and touch nothing of theirs, lest ye be swept away (תִּסָּפ֖וּ) in all their sins.’	And he said to the community, “Move away from the tents of these wicked (rāšāʿ, הרשעים) men (‘îš, האנשים), and do not touch anything they have, lest you be destroyed (sāp̄â, תספו) because of all their sins.”	And he spoke to the congregation, saying, “Be separated from the tents of these stubborn (τῶν σκληρῶν) men (τῶν ἀνθρώπων), and do not touch anything of all that is theirs, lest you too perish (συναπόλησθε) in all their sin.”	And he spoke to the congregation, saying, Separate yourselves from the tents of these stubborn (τῶν σκληρῶν) men (τῶν ἀνθρώπων), and touch nothing that belongs to them, lest ye be consumed (συναπόλησθε) with them in all their sin.

When wicked and righteous are used almost euphemistically for those outside and those inside the congregation respectively, it doesn’t really surprise me that the rabbis rendered הָֽרְשָׁעִים֙ (rāšāʿ) τῶν σκληρῶν, stubborn in the Septuagint.

The story continued:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 16:27-33 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:27-33 (NET)	Numbers 16:27-33 (NETS)	Numbers 16:27-33 (English Elpenor)
So they got them up from the dwelling of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side; and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood at the door of their tents, with their wives, and their sons, and their little ones.	So they got away from the homes of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram on every side, and Dathan and Abiram came out and stationed themselves in the entrances of their tents with their wives, their children, and their toddlers.	And they departed from around the tent of Kore, and Dathan and Abiron came out, and they stood by the doors of their tents, and their wives and their children and their chattel.	And they stood aloof from the tent of Core round about; and Dathan and Abiron went forth and stood by the doors of their tents, and their wives and their children and their store.
And Moses said: ‘Hereby ye shall know that HaShem hath sent me to do all these works, and that I have not done them of mine own mind.	Then Moses said, “This is how you will know that the Lord has sent me to do all these works, for I have not done them of my own will.	And Moyses said, “By this you shall know that the Lord has sent me to do all these works, because it is not of my own accord.	And Moses said, Hereby shall ye know that the Lord has sent me to perform all these works, that [I have] not [done them] of myself.
If these men die the common death of all men, and be visited after the visitation of all men, then HaShem hath not sent Me.	If these men die a natural death, or if they share the fate of all men, then the Lord has not sent me.	If these are to die according to death of all people, if their visitation is to be according to the visitation of all people, the Lord has not sent me.	If these men shall die according to the death of all men, if also their visitation shall be according to the visitation of all men, then the Lord has not sent me.
But if HaShem make a new thing (בְּרִיאָ֞ה), and the ground open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down alive into the pit (שְׁאֹ֑לָה), then ye shall understand that these men have despised HaShem.’	But if the Lord does something entirely new (bᵊrî’â, בריאה), and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them up along with all that they have, and they go down alive to the grave (šᵊ’ôl, שאלה), then you will know that these men have despised the Lord!”	But if the Lord will show forth by an omen (φάσματι) and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them down and their households and their tents and all that belongs to them and they go down alive into Hades (ᾅδου), then you shall know that these men provoked the Lord.”	But if the Lord shall shew by a wonder (φάσματι), and the earth shall open her mouth and swallow them up, and their houses, and their tents, and all that belongs to them, and they shall go down alive into Hades (ᾅδου), then ye shall know that these men have provoked the Lord.
And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground did cleave asunder that was under them.	When he had finished speaking all these words, the ground that was under them split open,	Now as he stopped speaking all these words, the earth underneath them was split apart.	And when he ceased speaking all these words, the ground clave asunder beneath them.
And the earth opened her mouth and swallowed them up, and their households, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods.	and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, along with their households, and all Korah’s men, and all their goods.	And the earth was opened and swallowed them down, and their households and all the men who were with Kore and their cattle.	And the ground opened, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that were with Core, and their cattle.
So they, and all that appertained to them, went down alive (חַיִּ֖ים) into the pit (שְׁאֹ֑לָה); and the earth closed upon them, and they perished (וַיֹּֽאבְד֖וּ) from among the assembly.	They and all that they had went down alive (ḥay, חיים) into the pit (šᵊ’ôl, שאלה), and the earth closed over them. So they perished (‘āḇaḏ, ויאבדו) from among the community.	And they went down, they and as much as was theirs, alive (ζῶντα) into Hades (ᾅδου), and the earth covered them, and they perished (ἀπώλοντο) from the midst of the congregation.	And they went down and all that they had, alive (ζῶντα) into Hades (ᾅδου); and the ground covered them, and they perished (ἀπώλοντο) from the midst of the congregation.

In this description of actual named men, their families and all they possessed, all that is required for the Scripture to be fulfilled is that they perished (וַיֹּֽאבְד֖וּ) from among the assembly (NET: community), they perished (ἀπώλοντο) from the midst of the congregation. I won’t argue whether they remained alive or how long they remained alive in Hades. From the perspective of the witnesses, they were alive when the earth closed upon them.

I have an extremely limited perspective on life. I consider Hades the place of the dead, but Jesus said: Now he is not God of the dead, but of the living (ζώντων, a form of ζάω), for all live (ζῶσιν, another form of ζάω) before him.⁸ In another essay I wrote: “I’m embarrassed how often I’ve missed what is now so clear in this context: Abraham learned everything he knew of Moses and the prophets who followed him from his own place in Hades after his death.”

I am perhaps equally embarrassed that I wondered how Abraham learned of Moses and the prophets. I couldn’t imagine that anyone had smuggled scrolls or parchments into Hades. But in Hades as Jesus described it (Luke 16:19-31), dead men do tell tales. Korah, Dathan, Abiram, their wives and children, for instance, had a dramatic tale to tell Father Abraham. I’ll turn my attention now to a more abstract rendering of רָשָׁע (rāšāʿ), wicked.

When the Lord revealed his plans for Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 18:16-22), Abraham was troubled.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 18:23 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:23 (NET)	Genesis 18:23 (NETS)	Genesis 18:23 (English Elpenor)
And Abraham drew near, and said: ‘Wilt Thou indeed sweep away (תִּסְפֶּ֔ה) the righteous (צַדִּ֖יק) with the wicked (רָשָֽׁע)?	Abraham approached and said, “Will you really sweep away (sāp̄â, תספה) the godly (ṣadîq, צדיק) along with the wicked (rāšāʿ, רשע)?	Then when Abraam had come near, he said, “Surely you will not destroy (συναπολέσῃς) the righteous (δίκαιον) with the ungodly (ἀσεβοῦς), and the righteous (ὁ δίκαιος) will be as the ungodly (ὁ ἀσεβής)?	And Abraam drew nigh and said, Wouldest thou destroy (συναπολέσῃς) the righteous (δίκαιον) with the wicked (ἀσεβοῦς), and shall the righteous (ὁ δίκαιος) be as the wicked (ὁ ἀσεβής)?

I’m willing to accept that the rabbis added a clause here to clarify Abraham’s argument: and the righteous will be as the ungodly? (NETS), and shall the righteous be as the wicked? (English Elpenor). Here δίκαιον, ἀσεβοῦς, ὁ δίκαιος and ὁ ἀσεβής are all singular. Abraham engaged the Lord in philosophical discussion about the Lord’s justice:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 18:24 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:24 (NET)	Genesis 18:24 (NETS)	Genesis 18:24 (English Elpenor)
Peradventure there are fifty righteous (צַדִּיקִ֖ם) within the city; wilt Thou indeed sweep away (תִּסְפֶּה֙) and not forgive the place for the fifty righteous (הַצַּדִּיקִ֖ם) that are therein?	What if there are fifty godly people (ṣadîq, צדיקם) in the city? Will you really wipe it out (sāp̄â, תספה) and not spare the place for the sake of the 50 godly people (ṣadîq, הצדיקם) who are in it?	If there should be fifty righteous (δίκαιοι) in the city, will you destroy (ἀπολεῖς) them? Will you not let the whole place go free on account of the fifty righteous (δικαίων), if they should be in it?	Should there be fifty righteous (δίκαιοι) in the city, wilt thou destroy (ἀπολεῖς) them? wilt thou not spare the whole place for the sake of the fifty righteous (δικαίων), if they be in it?

Here both δίκαιοι and δικαίων were plural but refer to fifty hypothetical people in Abraham’s mind.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 18:25 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:25 (NET)	Genesis 18:25 (NETS)	Genesis 18:25 (English Elpenor)
That be far from Thee to do after this manner, to slay (לְהָמִ֤ית) the righteous (צַדִּיק֙) with the wicked (רָשָׁ֔ע), that so the righteous (כַצַּדִּ֖יק) should be as the wicked (כָּֽרָשָׁ֑ע); that be far from Thee; shall not the judge of all the earth do justly?’	Far be it from you to do such a thing—to kill (mûṯ, להמית) the godly (ṣadîq, צדיק) with the wicked (rāšāʿ, רשע), treating the godly (ṣadîq, כצדיק) and the wicked (rāšāʿ, כרשע) alike! Far be it from you! Will not the judge of the whole earth do what is right?”	By no means will you do anything like this thing, to slay (ἀποκτεῖναι) the righteous (δίκαιον) with the ungodly (ἀσεβοῦς), and the righteous (ὁ δίκαιος) will be like the ungodly (ὁ ἀσεβής)! By no means! Shall not you, the one who judges all the earth, do what is just?”	By no means shalt thou do as this thing [is] so as to destroy (ἀποκτεῖναι) the righteous (δίκαιον) with the wicked (ἀσεβοῦς), so the righteous (ὁ δίκαιος) shall be as the wicked (ὁ ἀσεβής): by no means. Thou that judgest the whole earth, shalt thou not do right?

The righteous proved to be more hypothetical than the wicked in Sodom and Gomorrah. But in the Septuagint the Greek word translated destroy in Abraham’s question—will you destroy them?⁹—was ἀπολεῖς (a form of ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλω, ἀπολλύω). And his own answer to that question was: By no means will you…slay (ἀποκτεῖναι, a form of ἀποκτείνω) the righteous with the ungodly.¹⁰ As far as eternal consequence is concerned, Jesus promised that it will be more tolerable on the day of judgment for the land of Sodom than for¹¹ Capernaum. I’ll pick this up in another essay.

Tables comparing Psalm 9:5; Numbers 16:26; 16:27; 16:28; 16:29; 16:30; 16:31; 16:32; 16:33; Genesis 18:23; 18:24 and 18:25 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Psalm 9:5 (9:6); Numbers 16:26; 16:27; 16:28; 16:29; 16:30; 16:31; 16:32; 16:33; Genesis 18:23; 18:24 and 18:25 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing John 21:20, 21 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 9:5 (Tanakh)	Psalm 9:5 (KJV)	Psalm 9:5 (NET)
Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.	Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.	You terrified the nations with your battle cry. You destroyed the wicked; you permanently wiped out all memory of them.

Psalm 9:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 9:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπετίμησας ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἀπώλετο ὁ ἀσεβής τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν ἐξήλειψας εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος	ἐπετίμησας ἔθνεσι, καὶ ἀπώλετο ὁ ἀσεβής· τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐξήλειψας εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος
Psalm 9:6 (NETS)	Psalm 9:6 (English Elpenor)
You rebuked nations, and the impious perished; their name you blotted out forever and forever and ever.	Thou hast rebuked the nations, and the ungodly one has perished; thou hast blotted out their name for ever, even for ever and ever.

Numbers 16:26 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:26 (KJV)	Numbers 16:26 (NET)
And he spoke unto the congregation, saying: ‘Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of theirs, lest ye be swept away in all their sins.’	And he spake unto the congregation, saying, Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of theirs, lest ye be consumed in all their sins.	And he said to the community, “Move away from the tents of these wicked men, and do not touch anything they have, lest you be destroyed because of all their sins.”

Numbers 16:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τὴν συναγωγὴν λέγων ἀποσχίσθητε ἀπὸ τῶν σκηνῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν σκληρῶν τούτων καὶ μὴ ἅπτεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς μὴ συναπόλησθε ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ αὐτῶν	καὶ ἐλάλησε πρὸς τὴν συναγωγὴν λέγων· ἀποσχίσθητε ἀπὸ τῶν σκηνῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν σκληρῶν τούτων, καὶ μὴ ἅπτεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων, ὧν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς, μὴ συναπόλησθε ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ αὐτῶν
Numbers 16:26 (NETS)	Numbers 16:26 (English Elpenor)
And he spoke to the congregation, saying, “Be separated from the tents of these stubborn men, and do not touch anything of all that is theirs, lest you too perish in all their sin.”	And he spoke to the congregation, saying, Separate yourselves from the tents of these stubborn men, and touch nothing that belongs to them, lest ye be consumed with them in all their sin.

Numbers 16:27 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:27 (KJV)	Numbers 16:27 (NET)
So they got them up from the dwelling of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side; and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood at the door of their tents, with their wives, and their sons, and their little ones.	So they gat up from the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side: and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood in the door of their tents, and their wives, and their sons, and their little children.	So they got away from the homes of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram on every side, and Dathan and Abiram came out and stationed themselves in the entrances of their tents with their wives, their children, and their toddlers.

Numbers 16:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀπέστησαν ἀπὸ τῆς σκηνῆς Κορε κύκλῳ καὶ Δαθαν καὶ Αβιρων ἐξῆλθον καὶ εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῶν σκηνῶν αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ ἀποσκευὴ αὐτῶν	καὶ ἀπέστησαν ἀπὸ τῆς σκηνῆς Κορὲ κύκλῳ· καὶ Δαθὰν καὶ ᾿Αβειρὼν ἐξῆλθον καὶ εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῶν σκηνῶν αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ ἀποσκευὴ αὐτῶν
Numbers 16:27 (NETS)	Numbers 16:27 (English Elpenor)
And they departed from around the tent of Kore, and Dathan and Abiron came out, and they stood by the doors of their tents, and their wives and their children and their chattel.	And they stood aloof from the tent of Core round about; and Dathan and Abiron went forth and stood by the doors of their tents, and their wives and their children and their store.

Numbers 16:28 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:28 (KJV)	Numbers 16:28 (NET)
And Moses said: ‘Hereby ye shall know that HaShem hath sent me to do all these works, and that I have not done them of mine own mind.	And Moses said, Hereby ye shall know that the LORD hath sent me to do all these works; for I have not done them of mine own mind.	Then Moses said, “This is how you will know that the Lord has sent me to do all these works, for I have not done them of my own will.

Numbers 16:28 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς ἐν τούτῳ γνώσεσθε ὅτι κύριος ἀπέστειλέν με ποιῆσαι πάντα τὰ ἔργα ταῦτα ὅτι οὐκ ἀπ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ	καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς· ἐν τούτῳ γνώσεσθε ὅτι Κύριος ἀπέστειλέ με ποιῆσαι πάντα τὰ ἔργα ταῦτα, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ
Numbers 16:28 (NETS)	Numbers 16:28 (English Elpenor)
And Moyses said, “By this you shall know that the Lord has sent me to do all these works, because it is not of my own accord.	And Moses said, Hereby shall ye know that the Lord has sent me to perform all these works, that [I have] not [done them] of myself.

Numbers 16:29 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:29 (KJV)	Numbers 16:29 (NET)
If these men die the common death of all men, and be visited after the visitation of all men, then HaShem hath not sent Me.	If these men die the common death of all men, or if they be visited after the visitation of all men; then the LORD hath not sent me.	If these men die a natural death, or if they share the fate of all men, then the Lord has not sent me.

Numbers 16:29 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἰ κατὰ θάνατον πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἀποθανοῦνται οὗτοι εἰ καὶ κατ᾽ ἐπίσκεψιν πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπισκοπὴ ἔσται αὐτῶν οὐχὶ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέν με	εἰ κατὰ θάνατον πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἀποθανοῦνται οὗτοι, εἰ καὶ κατ’ ἐπίσκεψιν πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπισκοπὴ ἔσται αὐτῶν, οὐχὶ Κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με
Numbers 16:29 (NETS)	Numbers 16:29 (English Elpenor)
If these are to die according to death of all people, if their visitation is to be according to the visitation of all people, the Lord has not sent me.	If these men shall die according to the death of all men, if also their visitation shall be according to the visitation of all men, then the Lord has not sent me.

Numbers 16:30 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:30 (KJV)	Numbers 16:30 (NET)
But if HaShem make a new thing, and the ground open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down alive into the pit, then ye shall understand that these men have despised HaShem.’	But if the LORD make a new thing, and the earth open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have provoked the LORD.	But if the Lord does something entirely new, and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them up along with all that they have, and they go down alive to the grave, then you will know that these men have despised the Lord!”

Numbers 16:30 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν φάσματι δείξει κύριος καὶ ἀνοίξασα ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς καταπίεται αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς σκηνὰς αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς καὶ καταβήσονται ζῶντες εἰς ᾅδου καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι παρώξυναν οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι τὸν κύριον	ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν φάσματι δείξει Κύριος, καὶ ἀνοίξασα ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς καταπίεται αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς σκηνὰς αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα, ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς, καὶ καταβήσονται ζῶντες εἰς ᾅδου, καὶ γνώσεσθε, ὅτι παρώξυναν οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι τὸν Κύριον
Numbers 16:30 (NETS)	Numbers 16:30 (English Elpenor)
But if the Lord will show forth by an omen and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them down and their households and their tents and all that belongs to them and they go down alive into Hades, then you shall know that these men provoked the Lord.”	But if the Lord shall shew by a wonder, and the earth shall open her mouth and swallow them up, and their houses, and their tents, and all that belongs to them, and they shall go down alive into Hades, then ye shall know that these men have provoked the Lord.

Numbers 16:31 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:31 (KJV)	Numbers 16:31 (NET)
And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground did cleave asunder that was under them.	And it came to pass, as he had made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground clave asunder that was under them:	When he had finished speaking all these words, the ground that was under them split open,

Numbers 16:31 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους ἐρράγη ἡ γῆ ὑποκάτω αὐτῶν	ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους, ἐρράγη ἡ γῆ ὑποκάτω αὐτῶν
Numbers 16:31 (NETS)	Numbers 16:31 (English Elpenor)
Now as he stopped speaking all these words, the earth underneath them was split apart.	And when he ceased speaking all these words, the ground clave asunder beneath them.

Numbers 16:32 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:32 (KJV)	Numbers 16:32 (NET)
And the earth opened her mouth and swallowed them up, and their households, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods.	And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods.	and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, along with their households, and all Korah’s men, and all their goods.

Numbers 16:32 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:32 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἠνοίχθη ἡ γῆ καὶ κατέπιεν αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ὄντας μετὰ Κορε καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν	καὶ ἠνοίχθη ἡ γῆ καὶ κατέπιεν αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ὄντας μετὰ Κορὲ καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν
Numbers 16:32 (NETS)	Numbers 16:32 (English Elpenor)
And the earth was opened and swallowed them down, and their households and all the men who were with Kore and their cattle.	And when he ceased speaking all these words, the ground And the ground opened, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that were with Core, and their cattle.

Numbers 16:33 (Tanakh)	Numbers 16:33 (KJV)	Numbers 16:33 (NET)
So they, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the pit; and the earth closed upon them, and they perished from among the assembly.	They, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation.	They and all that they had went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed over them. So they perished from among the community.

Numbers 16:33 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 16:33 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ κατέβησαν αὐτοὶ καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ζῶντα εἰς ᾅδου καὶ ἐκάλυψεν αὐτοὺς ἡ γῆ καὶ ἀπώλοντο ἐκ μέσου τῆς συναγωγῆς	καὶ κατέβησαν αὐτοὶ καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ζῶντα εἰς ᾅδου, καὶ ἐκάλυψεν αὐτοὺς ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἀπώλοντο ἐκ μέσου τῆς συναγωγῆς
Numbers 16:33 (NETS)	Numbers 16:33 (English Elpenor)
And they went down, they and as much as was theirs, alive into Hades, and the earth covered them, and they perished from the midst of the congregation.	And they went down and all that they had, alive into Hades; and the ground covered them, and they perished from the midst of the congregation.

Genesis 18:23 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:23 (KJV)	Genesis 18:23 (NET)
And Abraham drew near, and said: ‘Wilt Thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked?	And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?	Abraham approached and said, “Will you really sweep away the godly along with the wicked?

Genesis 18:23 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 18:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐγγίσας Αβρααμ εἶπεν μὴ συναπολέσῃς δίκαιον μετὰ ἀσεβοῦς καὶ ἔσται ὁ δίκαιος ὡς ὁ ἀσεβής	καὶ ἐγγίσας ῾Αβραὰμ εἶπε· μὴ συναπολέσῃς δίκαιον μετὰ ἀσεβοῦς καὶ ἔσται ὁ δίκαιος ὡς ὁ ἀσεβής
Genesis 18:23 (NETS)	Genesis 18:23 (English Elpenor)
Then when Abraam had come near, he said, “Surely you will not destroy the righteous with the ungodly, and the righteous will be as the ungodly?	And Abraam drew nigh and said, Wouldest thou destroy the righteous with the wicked, and shall the righteous be as the wicked?

Genesis 18:24 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:24 (KJV)	Genesis 18:24 (NET)
Peradventure there are fifty righteous within the city; wilt Thou indeed sweep away and not forgive the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?	Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?	What if there are fifty godly people in the city? Will you really wipe it out and not spare the place for the sake of the 50 godly people who are in it?

Genesis 18:24 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 18:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν ὦσιν πεντήκοντα δίκαιοι ἐν τῇ πόλει ἀπολεῖς αὐτούς οὐκ ἀνήσεις πάντα τὸν τόπον ἕνεκεν τῶν πεντήκοντα δικαίων ἐὰν ὦσιν ἐν αὐτῇ	ἐὰν ὦσι πεντήκοντα δίκαιοι ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἀπολεῖς αὐτούς; οὐκ ἀνήσεις πάντα τὸν τόπον ἕνεκεν τῶν πεντήκοντα δικαίων, ἐὰν ὦσιν ἐν αὐτῇ
Genesis 18:24 (NETS)	Genesis 18:24 (English Elpenor)
If there should be fifty righteous in the city, will you destroy them? Will you not let the whole place go free on account of the fifty righteous, if they should be in it?	Should there be fifty righteous in the city, wilt thou destroy them? wilt thou not spare the whole place for the sake of the fifty righteous, if they be in it?

Genesis 18:25 (Tanakh)	Genesis 18:25 (KJV)	Genesis 18:25 (NET)
That be far from Thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked, that so the righteous should be as the wicked; that be far from Thee; shall not the judge of all the earth do justly?’	That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?	Far be it from you to do such a thing—to kill the godly with the wicked, treating the godly and the wicked alike! Far be it from you! Will not the judge of the whole earth do what is right?”

Genesis 18:25 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 18:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μηδαμῶς σὺ ποιήσεις ὡς τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι δίκαιον μετὰ ἀσεβοῦς καὶ ἔσται ὁ δίκαιος ὡς ὁ ἀσεβής μηδαμῶς ὁ κρίνων πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν οὐ ποιήσεις κρίσιν	μηδαμῶς σὺ ποιήσεις ὡς τὸ ρῆμα τοῦτο, τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι δίκαιον μετὰ ἀσεβοῦς, καὶ ἔσται ὁ δίκαιος ὡς ὁ ἀσεβής. μηδαμῶς· ὁ κρίνων πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, οὐ ποιήσεις κρίσιν
Genesis 18:25 (NETS)	Genesis 18:25 (English Elpenor)
By no means will you do anything like this thing, to slay the righteous with the ungodly, and the righteous will be like the ungodly! By no means! Shall not you, the one who judges all the earth, do what is just?”	By no means shalt thou do as this thing [is] so as to destroy the righteous with the wicked, so the righteous shall be as the wicked: by no means. Thou that judgest the whole earth, shalt thou not do right?

John 21:20, 21 (NET)	John 21:20, 21 (KJV)
Peter turned around and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them. (This was the disciple who had leaned back against Jesus’ chest at the meal and asked, “Lord, who is the one who is going to betray you?”)	Then Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved following; which also leaned on his breast at supper, and said, Lord, which is he that betrayeth thee?

John 21:20 (NET Parallel Greek)	John 21:20 (Stepanus Textus Receptus)	John 21:20 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Ἐπιστραφεὶς ὁ Πέτρος βλέπει τὸν μαθητὴν ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀκολουθοῦντα (ὃς καὶ ἀνέπεσεν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· κύριε, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδιδούς σε;)	επιστραφεις δε ο πετρος βλεπει τον μαθητην ον ηγαπα ο ιησους ακολουθουντα ος και ανεπεσεν εν τω δειπνω επι το στηθος αυτου και ειπεν κυριε τις εστιν ο παραδιδους σε	επιστραφεις δε ο πετρος βλεπει τον μαθητην ον ηγαπα ο ιησους ακολουθουντα ος και ανεπεσεν εν τω δειπνω επι το στηθος αυτου και ειπεν κυριε τις εστιν ο παραδιδους σε

So when Peter saw him, he asked Jesus, “Lord, what about him?”

Peter seeing him saith to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do?

John 21:21 (NET Parallel Greek)	John 21:21 (Stepanus Textus Receptus)	John 21:21 (Byzantine Majority Text)
τοῦτον οὖν ἰδὼν ὁ Πέτρος λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ· κύριε, οὗτος δὲ τί	τουτον ιδων ο πετρος λεγει τω ιησου κυριε ουτος δε τι	τουτον ιδων ο πετρος λεγει τω ιησου κυριε ουτος δε τι

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 1

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 2

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 3

Back to The Day of the Lord, Part 4

¹ John 12:32 (NET)

² Matthew 26:39b (NET) Table

³ John 17:12a (NET) Table

⁴ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: Then) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had οὖν (NET: So) here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁶ John 17:12b (NET) Table

⁷ Matthew 25:41b (NET)

⁸ Luke 20:38 (NET)

⁹ Genesis 18:24b (NETS)

¹⁰ Genesis 18:25a (NETS)

¹¹ Matthew 11:24 (NET)

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 10

Posted on February 26, 2023 by admin

This is a continuation of my consideration of God’s love for Satan revealed in the book of Job: the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) allowed Satan to carry out his scientific experiment on Job, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.¹ Satan had a hypothesis why Job feared God, and a test for that hypothesis. But when the experiment was over Job didn’t curse God to his face as Satan’s test had predicted (Job 1:20-22 NET).

Then Job got up and tore his robe. He shaved his head, and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground [Table]. He said, “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will return there. The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!” [Table] In all this Job did not sin, nor did he charge God with moral impropriety [Table].

This result effectively falsified Satan’s hypothesis.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:4, 5 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:4, 5 (NET)	Job 2:4, 5 (NETS)	Job 2:4, 5 (English Elpenor)
And Satan answered the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life (נַפְשֽׁוֹ).	But Satan answered the Lord, “Skin for skin! Indeed, a man will give up all that he has to save his life (nep̄eš, נפשו).	Then the slanderer continued and said to the Lord, “Skin for skin; whatever a person has he will use to pay for his life (τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ).	And the devil answered and said to the Lord, Skin for skin, all that a man has will he give as a ransom for his life (τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ).
But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse (יְבָֽרְכֶֽךָּ) thee to thy face	But extend your hand and strike his bone and his flesh, and he will no doubt curse (bāraḵ, יברכך) you to your face!”	However, stretch out your hand, and touch his bones and his flesh; surely he will bless (εὐλογήσει) you to your face!”	Nay, but put forth thine hand, and touch his bones and his flesh: verily he will bless (εὐλογήσει) thee to [thy] face.

In other words, Satan rejected the conclusion that his hypothesis was false. He said he would have gotten the result he desired, if not for the Lord’s arbitrary condition placed on his test. The Lord had said to Satan (Job 1:12b NET [Table]):

All right then, everything he has is in your power. Only do not extend your hand against the man himself!

The Lord (יהוה) didn’t debate the merits of the scientific method with Satan:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:6 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:6 (NET)	Job 2:6 (NETS)	Job 2:6 (English Elpenor)
And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life (נַפְשׁ֖וֹ).	So the Lord said to Satan, “All right, he is in your power; only preserve his life (nep̄eš, נפשו).”	Then the Lord said to the slanderer, “Very well, I am handing him over to you; only spare his life (τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ).”	And the Lord said to the devil, Behold, I deliver him up to thee; only save his life (τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ).

The Lord’s love, kindness and patience toward Satan is, frankly, a bit perplexing to me here. Is it simply who He is because God is love?² Was He demonstrating his superiority? Was He leading Satan to repentance? Or was He goading Satan to store up wrath for [himself] in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed?³

I also admit to being confused about Satan’s hypothesis at this point: Is it for nothing that Job fears God? [Table] Have you not made a hedge around him⁴ [Table] to shield him from disease? It seems even less likely to me now that Satan was conducting a scientific experiment to ascertain why/how Job was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil.⁵ I’m thinking that Satan just wanted Job to curse God.

I, on the other hand, am more interested in how Job was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil⁶ even when Satan by the Lord’s leave took everything from him. The Lord’s confidence to continue with Satan’s charade encourages me that I’m on the right track with the idea that Job believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁷ The Lord’s confidence to continue with Satan’s test didn’t come from his faith in Job, but from his faith in the life-transforming power of his own credited righteousness.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:7, 8 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:7, 8 (NET)	Job 2:7, 8 (NETS)	Job 2:7, 8 (English Elpenor)
So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown.	So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord, and he afflicted Job with a malignant ulcer from the soles of his feet to the top of his head.	So the slanderer went out from the Lord, and he struck Iob with a grievous festering sore from his feet to his head.	So the devil went out from the Lord, and smote Job with sore boils from [his] feet to [his] head.
And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.	Job took a shard of broken pottery to scrape himself with while he was sitting among the ashes.	And he took a potsherd, so that he could scrape away the pus, and sat on the rubbish heap outside the city.	And he took a potsherd to scrape away the discharge, and sat upon a dung-heap outside the city.

Job’s wife seemed to have an uncanny grasp of the situation, even more so because her advice seems more in line with Satan’s reasoning than the Lord’s.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:9 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:9 (NET)	Job 2:9 (NETS)	Job 2:9 (English Elpenor)
Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine integrity? curse God, and die.	Then his wife said to him, “Are you still holding firmly to your integrity? Curse God, and die!”	Then after a long time had passed, his wife said to him, “How long will you persist and say, ‘Look, I will hang on a little longer, while I wait for the hope of my deliverance?’ For look, your legacy has vanished from the earth—sons and daughters, my womb’s birth pangs and labors, for whom I wearied myself with hardships in vain. And you? You sit in the refuse of worms as you spend the night in the open air. As for me, I am one that wanders about and a hired servant—from place to place and house to house, waiting for when the sun will set, so I can rest from the distresses and griefs that now beset me. Now say some word to the Lord and die!”	And when much time had passed, his wife said to him, How long wilt thou hold out, saying, 9α Behold, I wait yet a little while, expecting the hope of my deliverance? 9β for, behold, thy memorial is abolished from the earth, [even thy] sons and daughters, the pangs and pains of my womb which I bore in vain with sorrows; 9γ and thou thyself sittest down to spend the nights in the open air among the corruption of worms, 9δ and I am a wanderer and a servant from place to place and house to house, waiting for the setting of the sun, that I may rest from my labours and my pangs which now beset me: but say some word against the Lord, and die.

If I thought this was contemporary fiction I might go off on a feminist rant about misogyny and the patriarchy. Though I do think the literary form of Job is drama, I believe the story is true. But as drama, Job’s wife is the first everyman character one encounters. She reacts more like what Satan claimed to expect from his scientific experiment on Job, not because she is female but because she is human. I say “claimed” because Satan (Septuagint: ὁ διάβολος) is a liar.

I’m becoming more and more convinced that Satan already knew that Job was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil⁸ because Job believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁹ Satan already knew, even if he held onto some vague hope, that because of the power of the Lord’s credited righteousness there was nothing he could do to cause Job to curse God. Satan’s actual intent was to baffle us with misdirection, and to terrorize us with all he would do to us if we believed the Lord and the Lord credited it as righteousness to us.

Job’s wife sounds like Satan because everyman is from [their] father the devil, and [we] want to do what [our] father desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not uphold the truth because there is no truth in him. Whenever he lies, he speaks according to his own nature because he is a liar and the father of lies.¹⁰

That everyman is from [their] father the devil is a point for everyman to concede to Jesus, the shut door at the entrance to the kingdom of God, and the light that will highlight our inner devil all too clearly. God, be merciful to me, sinner that I am,¹¹ is the key to open the shut door that is Jesus, the light of the world.

Did the rabbis who translated the Septuagint add words to Job’s wife’s soliloquy to make her more sympathetic? Or did the editors of the Masoretic text delete them to make her more direct? I’m favoring the latter here because in the Masoretic text Job’s wife quotes the Lord almost verbatim even as she sounds more like Satan:

Job 2:3 (NET) The Lord	Job 2:9 (NET) Job’s Wife
he still (ʿôḏ, ועדנו) holds firmly (ḥāzaq, מחזיק) to his integrity (tummâ, בתמתו)	Are you still (ʿôḏ, עדך) holding firmly (ḥāzaq, מחזיק) to your integrity (tummâ, בתמתך)?

Here is a comparison of the Greek in the Septuagint for contrast:

Job 2:3 (Septuagint BLB) Table	Job 2:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)	Job 2:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔτι δὲ ἔχεται ἀκακίας	ἔτι δὲ ἔχετε ἀκακίας	μέχρι τίνος καρτερήσεις λέγων	μέχρι τίνος καρτερήσεις λέγων
Job 2:3 (NETS)	Job 2:3 (English Elpenor)	Job 2:9 (NETS)	Job 2:9 (English Elpenor)
And he still maintains his innocence	and he yet cleaves to innocence	How long will you persist and say	How long wilt thou hold out, saying

Quoting the Lord verbatim is a clever synopsis that cuts immediately to the point. But the longer version of her speech seems more like a wife’s anguish watching her husband suffer, as well as her own anguish as long as he lives and she is not free to marry again. All this demonstrates perhaps is that the rabbis wrote better fiction. But I have faith that the story is true, and the Greek of the Septuagint seems much less like Job’s wife was privy to the Lord’s words verbatim.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:10 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:10 (NET)	Job 2:10 (NETS)	Job 2:10 (English Elpenor)
But [Job] said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil (הָרָ֖ע)? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.	But he replied, “You’re talking like one of the godless women would do! Should we receive what is good from God, and not also receive what is evil (raʿ, הרע)?” In all this Job did not sin by what he said.	But Iob looked up and said to her, “You have spoken like one of the foolish women. If we received the good things from the Lord’s hand, shall we not bear the bad (τὰ κακὰ)?” In all these things that happened to him Iob did not sin at all with his lips before God.	But he looked on her, and said to her, Thou hast spoken like one of the foolish women. If we have received good things of the hand of the Lord, shall we not endure evil things (τὰ κακὰ)? In all these things that happened to him, Job sinned not at all with his lips before God.

In one sense, Job’s faith sounds naive. He accepts what has happened to him as evil from the hand of God (Septuagint: of the Lord, Κυρίου). He seems oblivious to Satan’s part in any of it. I wondered briefly whether Job thought of Satan as one of the gods. The rabbis who translated the Septuagint seem to have anticipated that question and answered it in the negative by translating האלהים (‘ĕlōhîm) Κυρίου here rather than θεοῦ. But Job’s theology was absolutely correct since Satan could do nothing without the Lord’s permission.

Job’s wife, especially in the Masoretic text, seems to believe that Job’s blamelessness is a personal achievement, a righteousness derived from law: Job still holds firmly to his integrity. But Job’s acceptance of both good and evil from the hand of the Lord sounds more to me like the fruit of a righteousness from God that is in fact based on Christ’s faithfulness¹² so many years before the Word became flesh and took up residence among us.¹³

The Lord boasts about Job: There is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.¹⁴ The Lord has every right to boast. Job’s righteousness is the Lord’s handiwork. Job does not boast: The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!¹⁵ What do you have that you did not receive? Paul wrote the Corinthians. And if you received it, why do you boast as though you did not?¹⁶ He also wrote to the Romans: Indeed, he who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things?¹⁷

Satan doesn’t appear again in the book of Job except by proxy in his influence over natural born human beings. I want to continue to study the book of Job in another essay series, but here I’ll sum up a bit. This side excursion into the book of Job began for me with a question: Who did Jesus command, “What you are about to do, do quickly.”¹⁸

The narrative is quite clear that Jesus spoke to Judas Iscariot. But right before Jesus spoke those words, John also made it clear that Satan (ὁ σατανᾶς) had entered into Judas. In the book of Job Satan needed the Lord’s permission to do anything to Job. Was, What you are about to do, do quickly, Jesus’ permission? I lay down my life, so that I may take it back again, Jesus said. No one takes it away from me, but I lay it down of my own free will (ἐμαυτοῦ). I have the authority to lay it down, and I have the authority to take it back again. This commandment I received from my Father.¹⁹

“It’s difficult to say that He was speaking to both: ποίησον is singular. But was He speaking to Satan/Judas, a unitary singular, at that moment?”²⁰ Then Satan entered into him²¹ (τότε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς ἐκεῖνον ὁ σατανᾶς) seems to be something more than You people are from your father the devil, and you want to do what your father desires.²² And now I wonder if that “ something more” exempts Judas somehow from all people Jesus will draw to Himself if or when He was crucified.²³

Tables comparing Job 2:4; 2:5; 2:6; 2:7; 2:8; 2:9 and 2:10 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Job 2:4; 2:5; 2:6; 2:7; 2:8; 2:9 and 2:10 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Job 2:4 (Tanakh)	Job 2:4 (KJV)	Job 2:4 (NET)
And Satan answered the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life.	And Satan answered the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life.	But Satan answered the Lord, “Skin for skin! Indeed, a man will give up all that he has to save his life.

Job 2:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ ὁ διάβολος εἶπεν τῷ κυρίῳ δέρμα ὑπὲρ δέρματος ὅσα ὑπάρχει ἀνθρώπῳ ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐκτείσει	ὑπολαβὼν δὲ ὁ διάβολος εἶπε τῷ Κυρίῳ· δέρμα ὑπὲρ δέρματος· καὶ πάντα, ὅσα ὑπάρχει ἀνθρώπῳ, ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐκτίσει
Job 2:4 (NETS)	Job 2:4 (English Elpenor)
Then the slanderer continued and said to the Lord, “Skin for skin; whatever a person has he will use to pay for his life.	And the devil answered and said to the Lord, Skin for skin, all that a man has will he give as a ransom for his life.

Job 2:5 (Tanakh)	Job 2:5 (KJV)	Job 2:5 (NET)
But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse thee to thy face	But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse thee to thy face.	But extend your hand and strike his bone and his flesh, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!”

Job 2:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ ἀποστείλας τὴν χεῗρά σου ἅψαι τῶν ὀστῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτοῦ εἰ μὴν εἰς πρόσωπόν σε εὐλογήσει	οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ ἀποστείλας τὴν χεῖρά σου ἅψαι τῶν ὀστῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ σαρκῶν αὐτοῦ· ἦ μὴν εἰς πρόσωπόν σε εὐλογήσει
Job 2:5 (NETS)	Job 2:5 (English Elpenor)
However, stretch out your hand, and touch his bones and his flesh; surely he will bless you to your face!”	Nay, but put forth thine hand, and touch his bones and his flesh: verily he will bless thee to [thy] face.

Job 2:6 (Tanakh)	Job 2:6 (KJV)	Job 2:6 (NET)
And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life.	And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life.	So the Lord said to Satan, “All right, he is in your power; only preserve his life.”

Job 2:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ ἰδοὺ παραδίδωμί σοι αὐτόν μόνον τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ διαφύλαξον	εἶπε δὲ ὁ Κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ· ἰδοὺ παραδίδωμί σοι αὐτόν, μόνον τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ διαφύλαξον
Job 2:6 (NETS)	Job 2:6 (English Elpenor)
Then the Lord said to the slanderer, “Very well, I am handing him over to you; only spare his life.”	And the Lord said to the devil, Behold, I deliver him up to thee; only save his life.

Job 2:7 (Tanakh)	Job 2:7 (KJV)	Job 2:7 (NET)
So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown.	So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown.	So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord, and he afflicted Job with a malignant ulcer from the soles of his feet to the top of his head.

Job 2:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐξῆλθεν δὲ ὁ διάβολος ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν Ιωβ ἕλκει πονηρῷ ἀπὸ ποδῶν ἕως κεφαλῆς	᾿Εξῆλθε δὲ ὁ διάβολος ἀπὸ προσώπου Κυρίου καὶ ἔπαισε τὸν ᾿Ιὼβ ἕλκει πονηρῷ ἀπὸ ποδῶν ἕως κεφαλῆς
Job 2:7 (NETS)	Job 2:7 (English Elpenor)
So the slanderer went out from the Lord, and he struck Iob with a grievous festering sore from his feet to his head.	So the devil went out from the Lord, and smote Job with sore boils from [his] feet to [his] head.

Job 2:8 (Tanakh)	Job 2:8 (KJV)	Job 2:8 (NET)
And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.	And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.	Job took a shard of broken pottery to scrape himself with while he was sitting among the ashes.

Job 2:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔλαβεν ὄστρακον ἵνα τὸν ἰχῶρα ξύῃ καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τῆς κοπρίας ἔξω τῆς πόλεως	καὶ ἔλαβεν ὄστρακον, ἵνα τὸν ἰχῶρα ξύῃ, καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τῆς κοπρίας ἔξω τῆς πόλεως
Job 2:8 (NETS)	Job 2:8 (English Elpenor)
And he took a potsherd, so that he could scrape away the pus, and sat on the rubbish heap outside the city.	And he took a potsherd to scrape away the discharge, and sat upon a dung-heap outside the city.

Job 2:9 (Tanakh)	Job 2:9 (KJV)	Job 2:9 (NET)
Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine integrity? curse God, and die.	Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine integrity? curse God, and die.	Then his wife said to him, “Are you still holding firmly to your integrity? Curse God, and die!”

Job 2:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
χρόνου δὲ πολλοῦ προβεβηκότος εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ μέχρι τίνος καρτερήσεις λέγων	Χρόνου δὲ πολλοῦ προβεβηκότος εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ· μέχρι τίνος καρτερήσεις λέγων· 9α ἰδοὺ ἀναμένω χρόνον ἔτι μικρὸν προσδεχόμενος τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας μου; 9β ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἠφάνισταί σου τὸ μνημόσυνον ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐμῆς κοιλίας ὠδῖνες καὶ πόνοι, οὓς εἰς τὸ κενὸν ἐκοπίασα μετὰ μόχθων· 9γ σύ τε αὐτὸς ἐν σαπρίᾳ σκωλήκων κάθησαι διανυκτερεύων αἴθριος, 9δ κἀγὼ πλανῆτις καὶ λάτρις, τόπον ἐκ τόπου περιερχομένη καὶ οἰκίαν ἐξ οἰκίας, προσδεχομένη τὸν ἥλιον πότε δύσεται, ἵνα ἀναπαύσωμαι τῶν μόχθων μου καὶ τῶν ὀδυνῶν, αἵ με νῦν συνέχουσιν· ἀλλὰ εἰπόν τι ῥῆμα πρὸς Κύριον καὶ τελεύτα
Job 2:9 (NETS)	Job 2:9 (English Elpenor)
Then after a long time had passed, his wife said to him, “How long will you persist and say, ‘Look, I will hang on a little longer, while I wait for the hope of my deliverance?’ For look, your legacy has vanished from the earth—sons and daughters, my womb’s birth pangs and labors, for whom I wearied myself with hardships in vain. And you? You sit in the refuse of worms as you spend the night in the open air. As for me, I am one that wanders about and a hired servant—from place to place and house to house, waiting for when the sun will set, so I can rest from the distresses and griefs that now beset me. Now say some word to the Lord and die!”	And when much time had passed, his wife said to him, How long wilt thou hold out, saying, 9α Behold, I wait yet a little while, expecting the hope of my deliverance? 9β for, behold, thy memorial is abolished from the earth, [even thy] sons and daughters, the pangs and pains of my womb which I bore in vain with sorrows; 9γ and thou thyself sittest down to spend the nights in the open air among the corruption of worms, 9δ and I am a wanderer and a servant from place to place and house to house, waiting for the setting of the sun, that I may rest from my labours and my pangs which now beset me: but say some word against the Lord, and die.

Job 2:10 (Tanakh)	Job 2:10 (KJV)	Job 2:10 (NET)
But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.	But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.	But he replied, “You’re talking like one of the godless women would do! Should we receive what is good from God, and not also receive what is evil?” In all this Job did not sin by what he said.

Job 2:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὥσπερ μία τῶν ἀφρόνων γυναικῶν ἐλάλησας εἰ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐδεξάμεθα ἐκ χειρὸς κυρίου τὰ κακὰ οὐχ ὑποίσομεν ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις τοῗς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν Ιωβ τοῗς χείλεσιν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ	ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας εἶπεν αὐτῇ· ἵνα τί ὥσπερ μία τῶν ἀφρόνων γυναικῶν ἐλάλησας οὕτως; εἰ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐδεξάμεθα ἐκ χειρὸς Κυρίου, τὰ κακὰ οὐχ ὑποίσομεν; ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν ᾿Ιὼβ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ
Job 2:10 (NETS)	Job 2:10 (English Elpenor)
But Iob looked up and said to her, “You have spoken like one of the foolish women. If we received the good things from the Lord’s hand, shall we not bear the bad?” In all these things that happened to him Iob did not sin at all with his lips before God.	But he looked on her, and said to her, Thou hast spoken like one of the foolish women. If we have received good things of the hand of the Lord, shall we not endure evil things? In all these things that happened to him, Job sinned not at all with his lips before God.

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 11

Back to Nothing True, Part 2

¹ Job 1:8b (NET) Table

² 1 John 4:8 (NET)

³ Romans 2:5 (NET) Table

⁴ Job 1:9b, 10a (NET)

⁵ Job 1:1b (NET) Table

⁶ Ibid.

⁷ Genesis 15:6 (NET) Table

⁸ Job 1:1b (NET) Table

⁹ Genesis 15:6 (NET) Table

¹⁰ John 8:44 (NET) Table

¹¹ Luke 18:13 (NET) Table

¹² Philippians 3:9b (NET)

¹³ John 1:14a (NET)

¹⁴ Job 1:8b (NET) Table

¹⁵ Job 1:21b (NET) Table

¹⁶ 1 Corinthians 4:7b (NET)

¹⁷ Romans 8:32 (NET) Table

¹⁸ John 13:27b (NET)

¹⁹ John 10:17b, 18 (NET)

²⁰ The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 5

²¹ John 13:27a (NET)

²² John 8:44a (NET) Table

²³ John 12:32 (NET)

Psalm 22, Part 14

Posted on October 18, 2022 by admin

This is the conclusion of a continuing look into Psalm 22 as the music in Jesus’ heart as He endured the cross. The Psalm turns to Israel here, Jesus’ brethren according to the flesh.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 22:23, 24 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 22:23, 24 (NET)	Psalm 21:24, 25 (NETS)	Psalm 21:24, 25 (English Elpenor)
Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.	You loyal followers of the Lord, praise him. All you descendants of Jacob, honor him. All you descendants of Israel, stand in awe of him.	You who fear the Lord, praise him! All you offspring of Iakob together glorify him; let all the offspring of Israel fear him,	Ye that fear the Lord, praise him; all ye seed of Jacob, glorify him: let all the seed of Israel fear him.
For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid (הִסְתִּ֣יר) his face (פָּנָ֣יו) from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard.	For he did not despise or detest the suffering of the oppressed. He did not ignore him [Note 57: Heb “he did not hide (sāṯar, הסתיר) his face (pānîm, פניו) from him”]; when he cried out to him, he responded.	because he did not despise or scorn the petition of the poor, nor did he turn away (ἀπέστρεψεν) his face (τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ) from me, and when I cried to him, he listened to me.	For he has not despised nor been angry at the supplication of the poor; nor turned away (ἀπέστρεψε) his face (τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ) from me; but when I cried to him, he heard me.

The Hebrew word translated afflicted (Tanakh, KJV) and oppressed (NET) was עָנִ֗י (ʿānî). It was translated πτωχοῦ (a form of πτωχός) in the Septuagint, poor in English. Blessed are the poor (πτωχοὶ, another form of πτωχός) in spirit, Jesus said in the sermon on the mount, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them.¹

The clause neither hath he hid his face from him on Jesus’ lips or in his heart tends to invalidate a popular idea from my religious upbringing, “that as Jesus hung on the cross, bearing the sin of the world, His holy and pure Father looked away because He couldn’t stand the sight of all that sin.”² Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity,³ was the Scripture used to justify this idea.

In context, however, in the English translation of the Masoretic text this was Habakkuk’s preface to an accusation that God not only looked at evil but did nothing about what He saw. The English translation of the Septuagint seems a bit less like an accusation, a little more like a question addressed to God about troubling things Habakkuk saw.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Habakkuk 1:13 (Tanakh/KJV)	Habakkuk 1:13 (NET)	Habakkuk 1:13 (NETS)	Habakkuk 1:13 (English Elpenor)
Thou art of purer eyes than to behold (מֵֽרְא֣וֹת) evil, and canst not look (וְהַבִּ֥יט) on iniquity: wherefore lookest (תַבִּיט֙) thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?	You are too just [Note 40: Heb “(you) are too pure of eyes”] to tolerate [Note 41: Heb “to see (rā’â, מראות)”] evil; you are unable to condone [Note 42: Heb “to look (nāḇaṭ, והביט) at”] wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people [Note 43: Heb “Why do you look (nāḇaṭ, תביט) at treacherous ones”]? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?	A pure eye is not for seeing (ὁρᾶν) evil things, and you cannot look (ἐπιβλέπειν) upon sufferings. Why do you look (ἐπιβλέπεις) on those who despise? Will you keep silence while the impious swallows up the just?	[His] eye is too pure to behold (ὁρᾶν) evil [doings], and to look (ἐπιβλέπειν) upon grievous afflictions: wherefore dost thou look (ἐπιβλέπεις) upon despisers? wilt thou be silent when the ungodly swallows up the just?

Jesus praised God as He endured the cross.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 22:25, 26 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 22:25, 26 (NET)	Psalm 21:26, 27 (NETS)	Psalm 21:26, 27 (English Elpenor)
My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.	You are the reason I offer praise in the great assembly; I will fulfill my promises before the Lord’s loyal followers.	From you comes my commendation in a great assembly; my vows I will pay before those who fear him.	My praise is of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.
The meek (עֲנָוִ֨ים) shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever.	Let the oppressed (ʿānāv, ענוים) eat and be filled. Let those who seek his help praise the Lord. May you live forever!	The needy (πένητες) shall eat and be satisfied, and those who seek him shall praise the Lord; their hearts shall live forever and ever!	The poor (πένητες) shall eat and be satisfied; and they shall praise the Lord that seek him: their heart shall live for ever.

Here the Hebrew word translated meek (Tanakh, KJV) and oppressed (NET) was עֲנָוִ֨ים (ʿānāv). It was translated πένητες (a form of πένης) in the Septuagint, needy (BLB) and poor (Elpenor) in English. And God is able⁴ to make all grace overflow to you, Paul wrote, so that because you have enough of everything in every way at all times, you will overflow in every good work. Just as it is written, “He has scattered widely, he has given to the poor (πένησιν, another form of πένης); his righteousness remains forever.”⁵

The Psalm concludes with a beautiful recounting of the joy set out for Jesus.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 22:27-31 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 22:27-31 (NET)	Psalm 21:28-32 (NETS)	Psalm 21:28-32 (English Elpenor)
All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.	Let all the people of the earth acknowledge the Lord and turn to him. Let all the nations worship you.	All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord, and all the paternal families of the nations shall do obeisance before him,	All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord: and all the kindred of the nations shall worship before him.
For the kingdom is the LORD’s: and he is the governor among the nations.	For the Lord is king and rules over the nations.	because kingship is the Lord’s, and it is he who is master over the nations.	For the kingdom is the Lord’s; and he is the governor of the nations.
All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul [Table].	All the thriving people of the earth will join the celebration and worship; all those who are descending into the grave will bow before him, including those who cannot preserve their lives.	All the fat ones of the earth ate and did obeisance; all who descend into the earth shall fall down before him. And my soul lives for him [Table],	All the fat ones of the earth have eaten and worshipped: all that go down to the earth shall fall down before him: my soul also lives to him.
A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.	A whole generation will serve him; they will tell the next generation about the Lord.	and my offspring will serve him; the coming generation will be announced to the Lord,	And my seed shall serve him: the generation that is coming shall be reported to the Lord.
They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.	They will come and tell about his saving deeds; they will tell a future generation what he has accomplished.	and they shall announce his righteousness to a people to be born, because the Lord acted.	And they shall report his righteousness to the people that shall be born, whom the Lord has made.

When he had received the sour wine, Jesus said, “It is completed!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.⁶

According to a note (24) in the NET 2 Corinthians 9:9 was a quotation from Psalm 112:9.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 112:9 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 112:9 (NET)	Psalm 111:9 (NETS)	Psalm 111:9 (English Elpenor)
He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor (לָאֶֽבְיוֹנִ֗ים); his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour.	He generously gives to the needy (‘eḇyôn, לאביונים); his integrity endures. He will be vindicated and honored.	He scattered; he gave to the needy (πένησιν); his righteousness endures forever and ever; his horn will be exalted in glory.	He has dispersed abroad; he has given to the poor (πένησιν); his righteousness endures for evermore: his horn shall be exalted with honour.

A table comparing the Greek of 2 Corinthians 9:9 and that of Psalm 112:9 (111:9) in the Septuagint follows:

2 Corinthians 9:9 (NET Parallel Greek)	Psalm 112:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 111:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκεν τοῖς πένησιν, ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	ἐσκόρπισεν ἔδωκεν τοῗς πένησιν ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος	ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκε τοῖς πένησιν· ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος
2 Corinthians 9:9 (NET)	Psalm 111:9 (NETS)	Psalm 111:9 (English Elpenor)
He has scattered widely, he has given to the poor; his righteousness remains forever.	he gave to the needy; his righteousness endures forever and ever	he has given to the poor; his righteousness endures for evermore

Tables comparing Psalm 22:23; 22:24; Habakkuk 1:13; Psalm 22:25; 22:26; 112:9; 22:27; 22:28; 22:30 and 22:31 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Psalm 22:23 (21:24); 22:24 (21:25); Habakkuk 1:13; Psalm 22:25 (21:26); 22:26 (21:27); 112:9 (111:9); 22:27 (21:28); 22:28 (21:29); 22:30 (21:31) and 22:31 (21:32) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and a table comparing 2 Corinthians 9:8 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 22:23 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:23 (KJV)	Psalm 22:23 (NET)
Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.	Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.	You loyal followers of the Lord, praise him. All you descendants of Jacob, honor him. All you descendants of Israel, stand in awe of him.

Psalm 22:23 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ φοβούμενοι κύριον αἰνέσατε αὐτόν ἅπαν τὸ σπέρμα Ιακωβ δοξάσατε αὐτόν φοβηθήτωσαν αὐτὸν ἅπαν τὸ σπέρμα Ισραηλ	οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν Κύριον, αἰνέσατε αὐτόν, ἅπαν τὸ σπέρμα ᾿Ιακώβ, δοξάσατε αὐτόν, φοβηθήτωσαν αὐτὸν ἅπαν τὸ σπέρμα ᾿Ισραήλ
Psalm 21:24 (NETS)	Psalm 21:24 (English Elpenor)
You who fear the Lord, praise him! All you offspring of Iakob together glorify him; let all the offspring of Israel fear him,	Ye that fear the Lord, praise him; all ye seed of Jacob, glorify him: let all the seed of Israel fear him.

Psalm 22:24 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:24 (KJV)	Psalm 22:24 (NET)
For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard.	For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard.	For he did not despise or detest the suffering of the oppressed. He did not ignore him; when he cried out to him, he responded.

Psalm 22:24 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι οὐκ ἐξουδένωσεν οὐδὲ προσώχθισεν τῇ δεήσει τοῦ πτωχοῦ οὐδὲ ἀπέστρεψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ κεκραγέναι με πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσήκουσέν μου	ὅτι οὐκ ἐξουδένωσεν οὐδὲ προσώχθισε τῇ δεήσει τοῦ πτωχοῦ, οὐδὲ ἀπέστρεψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ κεκραγέναι με πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσήκουσέ μου
Psalm 21:25 (NETS)	Psalm 21:25 (English Elpenor)
because he did not despise or scorn the petition of the poor, nor did he turn away his face from me, and when I cried to him, he listened to me.	For he has not despised nor been angry at the supplication of the poor; nor turned away his face from me; but when I cried to him, he heard me.

Habakkuk 1:13 (Tanakh)	Habakkuk 1:13 (KJV)	Habakkuk 1:13 (NET)
Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?	Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?	You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?

Habakkuk 1:13 (Septuagint BLB)	Habakkuk 1:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καθαρὸς ὀφθαλμὸς τοῦ μὴ ὁρᾶν πονηρά καὶ ἐπιβλέπειν ἐπὶ πόνους οὐ δυνήσῃ ἵνα τί ἐπιβλέπεις ἐπὶ καταφρονοῦντας παρασιωπήσῃ ἐν τῷ καταπίνειν ἀσεβῆ τὸν δίκαιον	καθαρὸς ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς τοῦ μὴ ὁρᾶν πονηρά, καὶ ἐπιβλέπειν ἐπὶ πόνους οὐ δυνήσῃ· ἵνα τί ἐπιβλέπεις ἐπὶ καταφρονοῦντας; παρασιωπήσῃ ἐν τῷ καταπίνειν ἀσεβῆ τὸν δίκαιον
Habakkuk 1:13 (NETS)	Habakkuk 1:13 (English Elpenor)
A pure eye is not for seeing evil things, and you cannot look upon sufferings. Why do you look on those who despise? Will you keep silence while the impious swallows up the just?	[His] eye is too pure to behold evil [doings], and to look upon grievous afflictions: wherefore dost thou look upon despisers? wilt thou be silent when the ungodly swallows up the just?

Psalm 22:25 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:25 (KJV)	Psalm 22:25 (NET)
My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.	My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.	You are the reason I offer praise in the great assembly; I will fulfill my promises before the Lord’s loyal followers.

Psalm 22:25 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
παρὰ σοῦ ὁ ἔπαινός μου ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ μεγάλῃ τὰς εὐχάς μου ἀποδώσω ἐνώπιον τῶν φοβουμένων αὐτόν	παρὰ σοῦ ὁ ἔπαινός μου ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ μεγάλῃ, τὰς εὐχάς μου ἀποδώσω ἐνώπιον τῶν φοβουμένων αὐτόν
Psalm 21:26 (NETS)	Psalm 21:26 (English Elpenor)
From you comes my commendation in a great assembly; my vows I will pay before those who fear him.	My praise is of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.

Psalm 22:26 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:26 (KJV)	Psalm 22:26 (NET)
The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever.	The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever.	Let the oppressed eat and be filled. Let those who seek his help praise the Lord. May you live forever!

Psalm 22:26 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)
φάγονται πένητες καὶ ἐμπλησθήσονται καὶ αἰνέσουσιν κύριον οἱ ἐκζητοῦντες αὐτόν ζήσονται αἱ καρδίαι αὐτῶν εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος	φάγονται πένητες καὶ ἐμπλησθήσονται, καὶ αἰνέσουσι Κύριον οἱ ἐκζητοῦντες αὐτόν· ζήσονται αἱ καρδίαι αὐτῶν εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος
Psalm 21:27 (NETS)	Psalm 21:27 (English Elpenor)
The needy shall eat and be satisfied, and those who seek him shall praise the Lord; their hearts shall live forever and ever!	The poor shall eat and be satisfied; and they shall praise the Lord that seek him: their heart shall live for ever.

Psalm 112:9 (Tanakh)	Psalm 112:9 (KJV)	Psalm 112:9 (NET)
He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour.	He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour.	He generously gives to the needy; his integrity endures. He will be vindicated and honored.

Psalm 112:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 111:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐσκόρπισεν ἔδωκεν τοῗς πένησιν ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τὸ κέρας αὐτοῦ ὑψωθήσεται ἐν δόξῃ	ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκε τοῖς πένησιν· ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, τὸ κέρας αὐτοῦ ὑψωθήσεται ἐν δόξῃ
Psalm 111:9 (NETS)	Psalm 111:9 (English Elpenor)
He scattered; he gave to the needy; his righteousness endures forever and ever; his horn will be exalted in glory.	He has dispersed abroad; he has given to the poor; his righteousness endures for evermore: his horn shall be exalted with honour.

Psalm 22:27 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:27 (KJV)	Psalm 22:27 (NET)
All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.	All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.	Let all the people of the earth acknowledge the Lord and turn to him. Let all the nations worship you.

Psalm 22:27 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:28 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μνησθήσονται καὶ ἐπιστραφήσονται πρὸς κύριον πάντα τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιόν σου πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν	μνησθήσονται καὶ ἐπιστραφήσονται πρὸς Κύριον πάντα τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν
Psalm 21:28 (NETS)	Psalm 21:28 (English Elpenor)
All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord, and all the paternal families of the nations shall do obeisance before him,	All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord: and all the kindred of the nations shall worship before him.

Psalm 22:28 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:28 (KJV)	Psalm 22:28 (NET)
For the kingdom is the LORD’s: and he is the governor among the nations.	For the kingdom is the LORD’S: and he is the governor among the nations.	For the Lord is king and rules over the nations.

Psalm 22:28 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι τοῦ κυρίου ἡ βασιλεία καὶ αὐτὸς δεσπόζει τῶν ἐθνῶν	ὅτι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡ βασιλεία, καὶ αὐτὸς δεσπόζει τῶν ἐθνῶν
Psalm 21:29 (NETS)	Psalm 21:29 (English Elpenor)
because kingship is the Lord’s, and it is he who is master over the nations.	For the kingdom is the Lord’s; and he is the governor of the nations.

Psalm 22:30 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:30 (KJV)	Psalm 22:30 (NET)
A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.	A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.	A whole generation will serve him; they will tell the next generation about the Lord.

Psalm 22:30 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ τὸ σπέρμα μου δουλεύσει αὐτῷ ἀναγγελήσεται τῷ κυρίῳ γενεὰ ἡ ἐρχομένη	καὶ τὸ σπέρμα μου δουλεύσει αὐτῷ· ἀναγγελήσεται τῷ Κυρίῳ γενεὰ ἡ ἐρχομένη
Psalm 21:31 (NETS)	Psalm 21:31 (English Elpenor)
and my offspring will serve him; the coming generation will be announced to the Lord,	And my seed shall serve him: the generation that is coming shall be reported to the Lord.

Psalm 22:31 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:31 (KJV)	Psalm 22:31 (NET)
They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.	They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.	They will come and tell about his saving deeds; they will tell a future generation what he has accomplished.

Psalm 22:31 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀναγγελοῦσιν τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ λαῷ τῷ τεχθησομένῳ ὅτι ἐποίησεν ὁ κύριος	καὶ ἀναγγελοῦσι τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ λαῷ τῷ τεχθησομένῳ, ὃν ἐποίησεν ὁ Κύριος
Psalm 21:31 (NETS)	Psalm 21:31 (English Elpenor)
and they shall announce his righteousness to a people to be born, because the Lord acted.	And they shall report his righteousness to the people that shall be born, whom the Lord has made.

2 Corinthians 9:8 (NET)	2 Corinthians 9:8 (KJV)
And God is able to make all grace overflow to you so that because you have enough of everything in every way at all times, you will overflow in every good work.	And God is able to make all grace abound toward you; that ye, always having all sufficiency in all things, may abound to every good work:

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
δυνατεῖ δὲ ὁ θεὸς πᾶσαν χάριν περισσεῦσαι εἰς ὑμᾶς, ἵνα ἐν παντὶ πάντοτε πᾶσαν αὐτάρκειαν ἔχοντες περισσεύητε εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν	δυνατος δε ο θεος πασαν χαριν περισσευσαι εις υμας ινα εν παντι παντοτε πασαν αυταρκειαν εχοντες περισσευητε εις παν εργον αγαθον	δυνατος δε ο θεος πασαν χαριν περισσευσαι εις υμας ινα εν παντι παντοτε πασαν αυταρκειαν εχοντες περισσευητε εις παν εργον αγαθον

Back to Forgiveness and My Religious Mind

¹ Matthew 5:3 (NET)

² Rich Schmidt, “Did God Really Turn His Face Away While Jesus Was on the Cross?,” richschmidt.org

³ Habakkuk 1:13a (KJV)

⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had δυνατεῖ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δυνατος.

⁵ 2 Corinthians 9:8, 9 (NET)

⁶ John 19:30 (NET)

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 12

Posted on September 5, 2022 by admin

This is a continuation of a consideration of the differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, a translation of the Hebrew before Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah. The final clause of the first verse under consideration follows:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh)	Isaiah 53:10d (NET)	Isaiah 53:10d (NETS)	Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English)
and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand (בְּיָד֥וֹ) [Table].	and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him (yāḏ, בידו).	And the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν) [Table]	the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from

I had begun to consider other occurrences of forms ἀφαιρέω (Table) in Isaiah to get a feel for any potential relationship between ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) and בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ). Since a form of ἀφαιρέω was the translation of a form of סוּר (sûr) in two of the three examples I considered in another essay,¹ I have continued with those occurrences in Isaiah.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 27:9 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 27:9 (NET)	Isaiah 27:9 (NETS)	Isaiah 27:9 (Elpenor English)
By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged (יְכֻפַּ֣ר); and this is all the fruit to take away (הָסִ֣ר) his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up [Table].	So in this way Jacob’s sin will be forgiven (kāp̄ar, יכפר), and this is how they will show they are finished sinning [Note 23: and this [is] all the fruit of removing (sûr, הסר) his sin]: They will make all the stones of the altars like crushed limestone, and the Asherah poles and the incense altars will no longer stand.	Because of this the lawlessness of Iakob will be removed (ἀφαιρεθήσεται). And this is his blessing, when I remove (ἀφέλωμαι) his sin, when they make all the stones of the altars broken pieces like fine dust, and their trees will not remain, and their idols will be cut down like a forest far away [Table].	Therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be taken away (ἀφαιρεθήσεται); and this is his blessing, when I shall have taken away (ἀφέλωμαι) his sin; when they shall have broken to pieces all the stones of the altars as fine dust, and their trees shall not remain, and their idols shall be cut off, as a thicket afar off.

Here both יְכֻפַּ֣ר (kāp̄ar) and הָסִ֣ר (sûr) were translated with forms of ἀφαιρέω in the Septuagint, ἀφαιρεθήσεται and ἀφέλωμαι respectively. There is one other occurrence of a form of כָּפַר (kāp̄ar) in Isaiah translated with a form of ἀφαιρέω in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 28:18 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 28:18 (NET)	Isaiah 28:18 (NETS)	Isaiah 28:18 (Elpenor English)
And your covenant with death shall be disannulled (וְכֻפַּ֚ר), and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.	Your treaty with death will be dissolved (kāp̄ar, וכפר); your agreement with Sheol will not last. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it.	lest it also take away (ἀφέλῃ) your covenant of death. And your hope regarding Hades will not remain; if a rushing storm comes, you will be trampled down by it.	except it also take away (ἀφέλῃ) your covenant of death, and your trust in Hades shall by no means stand: if the rushing storm should come upon you, ye shall be beaten down by it.

The final occurrence of a form of סוּר (sûr) in Isaiah translated with a form of ἀφαιρέω in the Septuagint follows.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 58:9 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 58:9 (NET)	Isaiah 58:9 (NETS)	Isaiah 58:9 (Elpenor English)
Then shalt thou call, and the LORD (וַֽיהֹוָ֣ה) shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away (תָּסִ֚יר) from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity;	Then you will call out, and the Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, ויהוה) will respond; you will cry out, and he will reply, ‘Here I am.’ You must remove (sûr, תסיר) the burdensome yoke from among you and stop pointing fingers and speaking sinfully.	Then you shall cry out, and God (ὁ θεὸς) will listen to you; while you are still speaking, he will say, Here I am. If you remove (ἀφέλῃς) from you a bond and a stretching of the hand and a murmuring word	Then shalt thou cry, and God (ὁ Θεὸς) shall hearken to thee; while thou art yet speaking he will say, Behold, I am here. If thou remove (ἀφέλῃς) from thee the band, and the stretching forth of the hands, and murmuring speech;

The Masoretic text had וַֽיהֹוָ֣ה (Yᵊhōvâ) here. It was not corroborated in the Septuagint with κύριος. Though deciphering the manuscript is difficult for me, I think the Dead Sea Scroll version of Isaiah has ויהוה (Yᵊhōvâ) here. At least I’m reasonably convinced it is not אלהים (‘ĕlōhîm).

So far I haven’t convinced myself that בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ) was the word or even the concept the rabbis translated with ἀφελεῖν (a form of ἀφαιρέω). The word בְּיָד֥וֹ (yāḏ) does seem to be in the Isaiah scroll of the Dead Sea scrolls. With a presumed date of 125 BCE (the modern designation for Before Christ, BC) this is not a simple matter of Masoretes altering the text after rejecting Jesus as Messiah.

I’ve belabored this point because I actually like the idea that the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in [Jesus’] hand. I appreciate the succinctness of this statement in the Masoretic text. And I’m not prepared to give it up without a fight. But I also appreciate the time capsule effect of the Septuagint, a glimpse into the rabbis’ understanding of biblical Hebrew before they rejected Jesus as Messiah, a cataclysm as devastating to Israel’s intellectual history as the worldwide flood was to antediluvian geography.

Who buried the Dead Sea scrolls?² Were they archivists preserving revered sacred texts for posterity? Or were they disposing of flawed texts in the only manner they thought worthy of disposing of a flawed text which also contained the Name יְהֹוָה (Yᵊhōvâ)? Though I think the latter explanation is more plausible, it doesn’t help me to know what they thought was flawed about the text. Nor does it help me to pick a side or choose a dog in this hunt.

I came across the following on Christian History for Everyman:

Rumor has it that the Dead Sea Scrolls contained a copy of Isaiah exactly matching the Isaiah found in our modern Bibles…It’s true that there was a report in 1947 that the Qumran…text of Isaiah matched the Masoretic text. It was retracted, however, in 1948…The scroll of Isaiah found at Qumran is a third text-type, matching neither the Septuagint (LXX) nor the Masoretic text.

Among the Qumran texts was a scroll of Jeremiah. This is very significant because the LXX version of Jeremiah is seven chapters shorter than the Masoretic, and what remains is in a different order!

The Dead Sea Scrolls backs up the LXX version, not our Masoretic Bibles.³

Mr. Pavao, the webmaster of Christian History for Everyman, cited The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia as his source for this information. I couldn’t confirm that online. I did find the following in “The Qumrān texts and other scrolls” in Britannica online:

The most important manuscripts from what is now identified as Cave 1 of Qumrān are a practically complete Isaiah scroll (1QIsaa), dated about 100–75 BCE, and another very fragmentary manuscript (1QIsab) of the same book. The first contains many variants from the Masoretic text in both orthography and text, and the second is very close to the Masoretic type and contains few genuine variants.

Another line in the same article was intriguing: “Several texts in the paleo-Hebrew script show that this script continued to be used side by side with the Aramaic script for a long time.”⁴ Here is an opportunity to find causes of textural variation I haven’t even begun to consider. First, however, I have many other examples of forms of ἀφαιρέω in Isaiah in the Septuagint to consider, mostly to keep all the data in one place, I suspect.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 4:1 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 4:1 (NET)	Isaiah 4:1 (NETS)	Isaiah 4:1 (Elpenor English)
And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, to take away (אֱסֹ֖ף) our reproach.	Seven women will grab hold of one man at that time. They will say, “We will provide our own food, we will provide our own clothes; but let us belong to you—take away (‘āsap̄, אסף) our shame!”	Seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes; just let your name be called upon us; take away (ἄφελε) our reproach.”	And seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own raiment: only let thy name be called upon us, [and] take away (ἄφελε) our reproach.

Here, the Hebrew word אֱסֹ֖ף (‘āsap̄) was translated ἄφελε (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 7:20 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 7:20 (NET)	Isaiah 7:20 (NETS)	Isaiah 7:20 (Elpenor English)
In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume (תִּסְפֶּֽה) the beard.	At that time the Lord will use a razor hired from the banks of the Euphrates River, the king of Assyria, to shave the hair off the head and private parts; it will also shave off (sāp̄â, תספה) the beard.	On that day the Lord will shave with the great and drunken razor—which is beyond the river of the king of the Assyrians—the head and the hair of the feet, and he will cut off (ἀφελεῗ) the beard.	In that day the Lord shall shave with the hired razor of the king of Assyria beyond the river the head, and the hairs of the feet, and will remove (ἀφελεῖ) the beard.

Here, the Hebrew word תִּסְפֶּֽה (sāp̄â) was translated ἀφελεῖ (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 8:8 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 8:8 (NET)	Isaiah 8:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 8:8 (Elpenor English)
And he shall pass (וְחָלַ֚ף) through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.	It will spill (ḥālap̄, וחלף) into Judah, flooding and engulfing, as it reaches to the necks of its victims. He will spread his wings out over your entire land, O Immanuel.”	and he will take away (ἀφελεῗ) from Judea any man who can lift his head or who is capable to accomplish anything; his camp will be such as to fill the breadth of your country. God is with us.	and he shall take away (ἀφελεῖ) from Juda [every] man who shall be able to lift up his head, [and every one] able to accomplish anything; and his camp shall fill the breadth of thy land, [O] God with us.

Here, the Hebrew word וְחָלַ֚ף (ḥālap̄) was translated ἀφελεῖ (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint. The rabbis, it seems, used their knowledge of what actually happened to unpack Hebrew idioms, metaphors or euphemisms for the Greek reader, including translating עִמָּֽנוּאֵֽל (ʿimmānû’ēl) μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν ὁ θεός, God is with us (NETS), [O] God with us (Elpenor English).

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 9:14 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 9:14 (NET)	Isaiah 9:14 (NETS)	Isaiah 9:14 (Elpenor English)
Therefore the LORD will cut off (וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת) from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.	So the Lord cut off (kāraṯ, ויכרת) Israel’s head and tail, both the shoots and stalk in one day.	So the Lord took away (ἀφεῗλεν) from Israel head and tail, great and small in one day—	So the Lord took away (ἀφεῖλε) from Israel the head and tail, great and small, in one day: the old man, and them that respect persons, this is the head; and the prophet teaching unlawful things, he is the tail.

Here, the Hebrew word וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת (kāraṯ) was translated ἀφεῗλε(ν) (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint. The additional text in the Elpenor English version of the Septuagint is verse 15 in the Masoretic text and the BLB Septuagint.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 16:2 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 16:2 (NET)	Isaiah 16:2 (NETS)	Isaiah 16:2 (Elpenor English)
For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out (מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח) of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.	At the fords of the Arnon the Moabite women are like a bird that flies about when forced from (šālaḥ, משלח) its nest.	For you will be as a nestling taken away (ἀφῃρημένος) from a bird that is flying, O daughter of Moab! And then, O Arnon,	For thou shalt be as a young bird taken away (ἀφηρημένος) from a bird that has flown: [even] thou shalt be [so], daughter of Moab: and then do thou, O Arnon,

Here, the Hebrew word מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח (šālaḥ) was translated ἀφηρημένος (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint.

I’ll continue this in another essay.

Tables comparing Isaiah 28:18; 58:9; 4:1; 7:20; 8:8; 9:14 and 16:2 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Isaiah 28:18; 58:9; 4:1; 7:20; 8:8; 9:14 and 16:2 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Isaiah 28:18 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 28:18 (KJV)	Isaiah 28:18 (NET)
And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.	And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.	Your treaty with death will be dissolved; your agreement with Sheol will not last. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it.

Isaiah 28:18 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 28:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
μὴ καὶ ἀφέλῃ ὑμῶν τὴν διαθήκην τοῦ θανάτου καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν ᾅδην οὐ μὴ ἐμμείνῃ καταιγὶς φερομένη ἐὰν ἐπέλθῃ ἔσεσθε αὐτῇ εἰς καταπάτημα	μὴ καὶ ἀφέλῃ ὑμῶν τὴν διαθήκην τοῦ θανάτου, καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν ᾅδην οὐ μὴ ἐμμείνῃ· καταιγὶς φερομένη ἐὰν ἐπέλθῃ, ἔσεσθε αὐτῇ εἰς καταπάτημα
Isaiah 28:18 (NETS)	Isaiah 28:18 (English Elpenor)
lest it also take away your covenant of death. And your hope regarding Hades will not remain; if a rushing storm comes, you will be trampled down by it.	except it also take away your covenant of death, and your trust in Hades shall by no means stand: if the rushing storm should come upon you, ye shall be beaten down by it.

Isaiah 58:9 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 58:9 (KJV)	Isaiah 58:9 (NET)
Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity;	Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity;	Then you will call out, and the Lord will respond; you will cry out, and he will reply, ‘Here I am.’ You must remove the burdensome yoke from among you and stop pointing fingers and speaking sinfully.

Isaiah 58:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 58:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τότε βοήσῃ καὶ ὁ θεὸς εἰσακούσεταί σου ἔτι λαλοῦντός σου ἐρεῗ ἰδοὺ πάρειμι ἐὰν ἀφέλῃς ἀπὸ σοῦ σύνδεσμον καὶ χειροτονίαν καὶ ῥῆμα γογγυσμοῦ	τότε βοήσῃ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς εἰσακούσεταί σου· ἔτι λαλοῦντός σου ἐρεῖ· ἰδοὺ πάρειμι. ἐὰν ἀφέλῃς ἀπὸ σοῦ σύνδεσμον καὶ χειροτονίαν καὶ ρῆμα γογγυσμοῦ
Isaiah 58:9 (NETS)	Isaiah 58:9 (English Elpenor)
Then you shall cry out, and God will listen to you; while you are still speaking, he will say, Here I am. If you remove from you a bond and a stretching of the hand and a murmuring word	Then shalt thou cry, and God shall hearken to thee; while thou art yet speaking he will say, Behold, I am here. If thou remove from thee the band, and the stretching forth of the hands, and murmuring speech;

Isaiah 4:1 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 4:1 (KJV)	Isaiah 4:1 (NET)
And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, to take away our reproach.	And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, to take away our reproach.	Seven women will grab hold of one man at that time. They will say, “We will provide our own food, we will provide our own clothes; but let us belong to you—take away our shame!”

Isaiah 4:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 4:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐπιλήμψονται ἑπτὰ γυναῗκες ἀνθρώπου ἑνὸς λέγουσαι τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν φαγόμεθα καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἡμῶν περιβαλούμεθα πλὴν τὸ ὄνομα τὸ σὸν κεκλήσθω ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἄφελε τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν	ΚΑΙ ἐπιλήψονται ἑπτὰ γυναῖκες ἀνθρώπου ἑνὸς λέγουσαι· τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν φαγόμεθα καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἡμῶν περιβαλούμεθα πλὴν τὸ ὄνομα τὸ σὸν κεκλήσθω ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς, ἄφελε τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν
Isaiah 4:1 (NETS)	Isaiah 4:1 (English Elpenor)
Seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes; just let your name be called upon us; take away our reproach.”	And seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own raiment: only let thy name be called upon us, [and] take away our reproach.

Isaiah 7:20 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 7:20 (KJV)	Isaiah 7:20 (NET)
In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard.	In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard.	At that time the Lord will use a razor hired from the banks of the Euphrates River, the king of Assyria, to shave the hair off the head and private parts; it will also shave off the beard.

Isaiah 7:20 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 7:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ξυρήσει κύριος τῷ ξυρῷ τῷ μεγάλῳ καὶ μεμεθυσμένῳ ὅ ἐστιν πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὰς τρίχας τῶν ποδῶν καὶ τὸν πώγωνα ἀφελεῗ	ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ξυρήσει Κύριος τῷ ξυρῷ τῷ μεγάλῳ καὶ μεμεθυσμένῳ, ὅ ἐστι πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ βασιλέως ᾿Ασσυρίων, τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὰς τρίχας τῶν ποδῶν, καὶ τὸν πώγωνα ἀφελεῖ
Isaiah 7:20 (NETS)	Isaiah 7:20 (English Elpenor)
On that day the Lord will shave with the great and drunken razor—which is beyond the river of the king of the Assyrians—the head and the hair of the feet, and he will cut off the beard.	In that day the Lord shall shave with the hired razor of the king of Assyria beyond the river the head, and the hairs of the feet, and will remove the beard.

Isaiah 8:8 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 8:8 (KJV)	Isaiah 8:8 (NET)
And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.	And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.	It will spill into Judah, flooding and engulfing, as it reaches to the necks of its victims. He will spread his wings out over your entire land, O Immanuel.”

Isaiah 8:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 8:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀφελεῗ ἀπὸ τῆς Ιουδαίας ἄνθρωπον ὃς δυνήσεται κεφαλὴν ἆραι ἢ δυνατὸν συντελέσασθαί τι καὶ ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ ὥστε πληρῶσαι τὸ πλάτος τῆς χώρας σου μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν ὁ θεός	καὶ ἀφελεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας ἄνθρωπον, ὃς δυνήσεται κεφαλὴν ἆραι ἢ δυνατὸν συντελέσασθαί τι, καὶ ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ ὥστε πληρῶσαι τὸ πλάτος τῆς χώρας σου· μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν ὁ Θεός
Isaiah 8:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 8:8 (English Elpenor)
and he will take away from Judea any man who can lift his head or who is capable to accomplish anything; his camp will be such as to fill the breadth of your country. God is with us.	and he shall take away from Juda [every] man who shall be able to lift up his head, [and every one] able to accomplish anything; and his camp shall fill the breadth of thy land, [O] God with us.

Isaiah 9:14 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 9:14 (KJV)	Isaiah 9:14 (NET)
Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.	Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.	So the Lord cut off Israel’s head and tail, both the shoots and stalk in one day.

Isaiah 9:14 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 9:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀφεῗλεν κύριος ἀπὸ Ισραηλ κεφαλὴν καὶ οὐράν μέγαν καὶ μικρὸν ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ	καὶ ἀφεῖλε Κύριος ἀπὸ ᾿Ισραὴλ κεφαλὴν καὶ οὐράν, μέγαν καὶ μικρὸν ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ, πρεσβύτην καὶ τοὺς τὰ πρόσωπα θαυμάζοντας (αὕτη ἡ ἀρχὴ) καὶ προφήτην διδάσκοντα ἄνομα (οὗτος ἡ οὐρά) [additional text is verse 15 in the BLB Septuagint]
Isaiah 9:14 (NETS)	Isaiah 9:14 (English Elpenor)
So the Lord took away from Israel head and tail, great and small in one day—	So the Lord took away from Israel the head and tail, great and small, in one day: the old man, and them that respect persons, this is the head; and the prophet teaching unlawful things, he is the tail.

Isaiah 16:2 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 16:2 (KJV)	Isaiah 16:2 (NET)
For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.	For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.	At the fords of the Arnon the Moabite women are like a bird that flies about when forced from its nest.

Isaiah 16:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 16:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔσῃ γὰρ ὡς πετεινοῦ ἀνιπταμένου νεοσσὸς ἀφῃρημένος θύγατερ Μωαβ ἔπειτα δέ Αρνων	ἔσῃ γὰρ ὡς πετεινοῦ ἀνιπταμένου νεοσσὸς ἀφηρημένος, θύγατερ Μωάβ. ἔπειτα δέ, ᾿Αρνῶν, πλείονα
Isaiah 16:2 (NETS)	Isaiah 16:2 (English Elpenor)
For you will be as a nestling taken away from a bird that is flying, O daughter of Moab! And then, O Arnon,	For thou shalt be as a young bird taken away from a bird that has flown: [even] thou shalt be [so], daughter of Moab: and then do thou, O Arnon,

¹ Isaiah 1:25; 10:13

² The Dead Sea Scrolls

³ Paul Pavao, “The Dead Sea Scrolls Version of Isaiah (and Jeremiah),” Christian History for Everyman

⁴ “The Qumrān texts and other scrolls,” Britannica

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 9

Posted on August 8, 2022 by admin

This is a continuation of my consideration of God’s love for Satan revealed in the book of Job. The Lord (Yᵊhōvâ, יהוה) allowed (Job 1:12) Satan to carry out his scientific experiment on Job, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.¹

Satan stated his hypothesis before the Lord (Job 1:9b, 10 NET):

Is it for nothing that Job fears God? [Table] Have you not made a hedge around him and his household and all that he has on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his livestock have increased in the land [Table].

In other words, Job’s blamelessness, uprightness, fear or worship of God, turning away from evil was the result of God’s bribe of material well-being (Job 1:1-3). Satan proposed a test for this hypothesis (Job 1:11 NET [Table]):

But extend your hand and strike everything he has, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!

The Lord permitted Satan to take Job’s oxen and donkeys along with most of his servants who tended them (Job 1:14, 15), his sheep along with most of his servants who tended them (Job 1:16), his camels along with most of his servants who tended them (Job 1:17), and his children along with most of his servants who attended them (Job 1:18, 19).

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 1:20-22 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 1:20-22 (NET)	Job 1:20-22 (NETS)	Job 1:20-22 (English Elpenor)
Then Job arose, and rent his mantle, and shaved his head, and fell down upon the ground, and worshipped,	Then Job got up and tore his robe. He shaved his head, and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground.	So Iob arose, tore his clothes and shaved the hair of his head and fell on the ground and did obeisance and said,	So Job arose, and rent his garments, and shaved the hair of his head, and fell on the earth, and worshipped,
And said, Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.	He said, “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will return there. The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!”	“I came naked from my mother’s womb; naked also shall I return there; the Lord gave; the Lord has taken away; as it seemed good to the Lord, so it turned out; blessed be the name of the Lord.”	and said, I myself came forth naked from my mother᾿s womb, and naked shall I return thither; the Lord gave, the Lord has taken away: as it seemed good to the Lord, so has it come to pass; blessed be the name of the Lord.
In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly.	In all this Job did not sin, nor did he charge God with moral impropriety.	In all these things that happened to him Iob did not sin at all before the Lord, and did not charge God with folly.	In all these events that befell him Job sinned not at all before the Lord, and did not impute folly to God.

Satan’s hypothesis was falsified: removing Job’s material blessings did not cause him to curse God. When I first read the book of Job, however, I knew very little about the scientific method, particularly its limitations. I didn’t know God very well either.

I assumed that the meaning of this story was that Job’s blamelessness, uprightness, fear or worship of God and turning away from evil was something either innate to Job or acquired by his own efforts, definitely not the result of anything God had done. In fact, I assumed that Job’s innate or self-achieved blamelessness, uprightness, fear or worship of God and turning away from evil was the reason God had made a hedge around him and his household, blessed the work of his hands, and caused his livestock to increase in the land.

Now I believe that Satan’s falsified hypothesis was nearer the truth than my own. The following was recorded regarding Job:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 1:4, 5 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 1:4, 5 (NET)	Job 1:4, 5 (NETS)	Job 1:4, 5 (English Elpenor)
And his sons went and feasted in their houses, every one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.	Now his sons used to go and hold a feast in the house of each one in turn, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.	Now his sons used to gather with one another and hold a feast each day; they used to take along their three sisters as well, to eat and drink with them.	And his sons visiting one another prepared a banquet every day, taking with them also their sisters to eat and drink with them.
And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.	When the days of their feasting were finished, Job would send for them and sanctify them; he would get up early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job thought, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” This was Job’s customary practice.	And when the feast days had run their course, Iob used to send and purify them, rising early in the morning, and he used to offer a sacrifice on their behalf, according to their number, and one bull calf as a sin offering for their souls–for Job said, “Perhaps my sons thought bad things in their mind toward God.” So this is what Job would always do.	And when the days of the banquet were completed, Job sent and purified them, having risen up in the morning, and offered sacrifices for them, according to their number, and one calf for a sin-offering for their souls: for Job said, Lest peradventure my sons have thought evil in their minds against God. Thus, then Job did continually.

In other words, Job believed the Lord, and [I now assume] the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.² And that righteousness came in the form of God’s own love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.³ Was Satan unaware of this? I don’t know.

If he knew it and carried out the whole charade described in the book of Job anyway, he was more duplicitous than I’ve ever imagined. The whole design of his argument, hypothesis and experiment was intended to throw me (and anyone else) off the scent of God’s graciousness. If Satan knew, then God certainly recognized his duplicity. His love for Satan in terms of his patience becomes all the more astounding.

Satan came before the Lord again.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:1, 2 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:1, 2 (NET)	Job 2:1, 2 (NETS)	Job 2:1, 2 (English Elpenor)
Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD.	Again the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also arrived among them to present himself before the Lord.	Now it happened, when it was the set day and the angels of God came to present themselves before the Lord, the slanderer also came among them. [to present himself before the Lord]	And it came to pass on a certain day, that the angels of God came to stand before the Lord, and the devil came among them to stand before the Lord.
And the LORD said unto Satan (הַשָּׂטָ֔ן), From whence comest thou? And Satan (הַשָּׂטָ֚ן) answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.	And the Lord said to Satan (śāṭān, השׁטן), “Where have you come from?” Satan (śāṭān, השׁטן) answered the Lord, “From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.”	And the Lord said to the slanderer (τῷ διαβόλῳ), “Where are you coming from?” Then the slanderer (ὁ διάβολος) said before the Lord, “I have come, after traversing what is under heaven and walking about everywhere.”	And the Lord, said to the devil (τῷ διαβόλῳ), Whence comest thou? Then the devil (ὁ διάβολος) said before the Lord, I am come from going through the world, and walking about the whole earth.

The Hebrew word הַשָּׂטָ֔ן (Tanakh, KJV, NET: Satan) was translated τῷ διαβόλῳ and ὁ διάβολος in the Septuagint. Be sober and alert, Peter warned his readers. Your enemy the devil (διάβολος), like a roaring lion, is on the prowl looking for someone to devour.⁴ Still, the Lord loved him patiently.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 2:3 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 2:3 (NET)	Job 2:3 (NETS)	Job 2:3 (English Elpenor)
And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause.	Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a pure and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil. And he still holds firmly to his integrity, so that you stirred me up to destroy him without reason.”	Then the Lord said, “So did you notice my attendant Iob–that there is no one of those on the earth like him, an innocent, genuine, blameless, religious man, staying away from all wrong? And he still maintains his innocence, though you said to destroy his possessions for no reason.”	And the Lord said to the devil, Hast thou then observed my servant Job, that there is none of [men] upon the earth like him, a harmless, true, blameless, godly man, abstaining from all evil? and he yet cleaves to innocence, whereas thou has told [me] to destroy his substance without cause?

In another essay I made such an issue of Mr. Cox’s translation of Job 1:8 in the NETS, I want to compare the Greek and Hebrew of Job 2:3 here. The Greek of the Septuagint follows:

Job 1:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)	Job 2:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
προσέσχες τῇ διανοίᾳ σου κατὰ τοῦ παιδός μου Ιωβ	προσέσχες οὖν τῷ θεράποντί μου Ιωβ	προσέσχες τῇ διανοίᾳ σου κατὰ τοῦ παιδός μου ᾿Ιώβ	προσέσχες οὖν τῷ θέραποντί μου ᾿Ιώβ
Job 1:8 (NETS)	Job 2:3 (NETS)	Job 1:8 (English Elpenor)	Job 2:3 (English Elpenor)
Did you give thought to your disposition against my servant Iob	So did you notice my attendant Iob	Hast thou diligently considered my servant Job	Hast thou then observed my servant Job

While the Greek of Job 1:8 was τῇ διανοίᾳ σου κατὰ τοῦ παιδός μου, the Greek of Job 2:3 was οὖν τῷ θεράποντί μου. The Hebrew in the Masoretic text, however, was not that different.

Job 1:8		Job 2:3
Hebrew	Greek	Hebrew	Greek
השׁמת	προσέσχες	השׁמת	προσέσχες
לבך	τῇ διανοίᾳ σου	לבך	οὖν
על	κατὰ	אל
עבדי	τοῦ παιδός μου	עבדי	τῷ θεράποντί μου
איוב	Ιωβ	איוב	Ιωβ

Only the preposition על (ʿal), translated κατὰ in the Septuagint, was changed in verse 2:3 to אל (‘ēl). I don’t really mean to imply that οὖν was intended as a Greek translation of the Hebrew word לבך (lēḇ), only that it is second in the word string. If the rabbis who translated the Septuagint were able to glean this much difference from a preposition, it is well beyond my knowledge of both Greek and Hebrew.

Though I’ve developed a healthy skepticism regarding the originality of the Masoretic text when it differs dramatically from the Septuagint, a brief survey of the most blatant difference (παιδός and θεράποντί) persuaded me not to pursue it any further [See Table below] at this time .

Reference	Hebrew	NET	Septuagint	NETS/Elpenor
Genesis 24:24	לבן	son	θεράποντι	attendant/servant
Exodus 4:10	עבדך	servant	θεράποντί	attendant/servant
Exodus 14:31	עבדו	servant	θεράποντι	attendant/servant
Deuteronomy 3:24	עבדך	me	θεράποντι	attendant/servant
Job 2:3	עבדי	servant	θέραποντί	attendant/servant

Four of the five occurrences of θέραποντί (a form of θεράπων) in the Septuagint were translations of forms of עֶבֶד (ʿeḇeḏ). The fifth was probably not a translation of לבן (bēn) but of a word in a phrase which no longer appears in the Masoretic text [See Table below]. There is one occurrence of θεράπων in the New Testament as a description of Moses (Hebrews 3:5 NET):

Now Moses⁵ was faithful in all God’s house as a servant (θεράπων), to testify to the things that would be spoken.

Hebrews 3:5 alludes to, and quotes from, Numbers 12:7 in the Septuagint where the Hebrew word עַבְדִּ֣י (ʿeḇeḏ), My servant (Tanakh, KJV, NET), was translated ὁ θεράπων μου:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 12:7 (Tanakh)	Numbers 12:7 (NET)	Numbers 12:7 (NETS)	Numbers 12:7 (English Elpenor)
My servant (עַבְדִּ֣י) Moses is not so; he is trusted in all My house;	My servant (ʿeḇeḏ, עבדי) Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house.	Not so my attendant (ὁ θεράπων μου) Moyses; in my whole house he is faithful.	My servant (ὁ θεράπων μου) Moses [is] not so; he is faithful in all my house.

It seems that the rabbis used forms of θεράπων as an honorific among slaves and servants, and Job had earned that honorific by holding onto his innocence. I’ll continue in another essay.

A table comparing the Greek of the quotation of Numbers 12:7 in Hebrews 3:5 follows:

Hebrews 3:5 (NET Parallel Greek)	Numbers 12:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 12:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ μου πιστός ἐστιν	ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ μου πιστός ἐστι
Hebrews 3:5 (NET)	Numbers 12:7 (NETS)	Numbers 12:7 (English Elpenor)
faithful in all God’s house	in my whole house he is faithful	he is faithful in all my house

A table of all occurrences of forms of θεράπων found in the Septuagint follows:

θεράπων	Exodus 33:11; Numbers 12:7; Joshua 1:2; Job 3:19; Job 7:2; Job 42:7; Job 42:8; Proverbs 18:14
θεράποντες	Exodus 9:30; Exodus 10:7; Exodus 12:30
θεράποντος	Numbers 12:8; 1 Chronicles 16:40; Job 32:13; Job 42:8
θεραπόντων	Genesis 50:17; Exodus 5:21; Exodus 7:9; Exodus 7:10; Exodus 7:20; Exodus 8:3; Exodus 8:9; Exodus 8:11; Exodus 8:24; Exodus 8:29; Exodus 8:31; Exodus 9:8; Exodus 9:14; Exodus 9:20; Exodus 9:34; Exodus 10:1; Exodus 10:6; Exodus 11:3; Exodus 14:5; Exodus 14:8; Deuteronomy 9:27; Proverbs 27:27
θεράποντι	Genesis 24:44; Exodus 4:10; Exodus 14:31; Deuteronomy 3:24; Job 2:3
θεράπουσιν	Numbers 32:31; Deuteronomy 29:2; Deuteronomy 34:11
θεράποντα	Numbers 11:11; Job 19:16; Job 42:8
θεράποντας	Exodus 8:4; Exodus 8:21

A table illustrating the difference between the Septuagint and Masoretic text in Genesis 24:44 follows:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Genesis 24:44 (Tanakh)	Genesis 24:44 (NET)	Genesis 24:44 (NETS)	Genesis 24:44 (English Elpenor)
and she shall say to me: Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels; let the same be the woman whom HaShem hath appointed for my master’s son.	Then she will reply to me, “Drink, and I’ll draw water for your camels too.” May that woman be the one whom the Lord has chosen for my master’s son.’	and she should say to me, “You drink, and I will fetch water for your camels too,” may this be the woman whom the Lord prepared for his own attendant (θεράποντι) Isaak, and by this I shall know that you have done mercy toward my lord Abraam.’	and she shall say to me, Both drink thou, and I will draw water for thy camels, this [shall be] the wife whom the Lord has prepared for his own servant (θεράποντι) Isaac; and hereby shall I know that thou hast wrought mercy with my master Abraam.

Tables comparing Job 1:20; 1:21; 1:22; 1:4; 1:5; 2:1; 2:2; 2:3; Numbers 12:7 and Genesis 24:44 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Job 1:20; 1:21; 1:22; 1:4; 1:5; 2:1; 2:2; 2:3; Numbers 12:7 and Genesis 24:44 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing 1 Peter 5:8 and Hebrews 3:5 in the NET and KJV follow.

Job 1:20 (Tanakh)	Job 1:20 (KJV)	Job 1:20 (NET)
Then Job arose, and rent his mantle, and shaved his head, and fell down upon the ground, and worshipped,	Then Job arose, and rent his mantle, and shaved his head, and fell down upon the ground, and worshipped,	Then Job got up and tore his robe. He shaved his head, and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground.

Job 1:20 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὕτως ἀναστὰς Ιωβ διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκείρατο τὴν κόμην τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ πεσὼν χαμαὶ προσεκύνησεν καὶ εἶπεν	Οὕτως ἀναστὰς ᾿Ιὼβ ἔρρηξε τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκείρατο τὴν κώμην τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ πεσὼν χαμαὶ προσεκύνησε τῷ Κυρίῳ καὶ εἶπεν
Job 1:20 (NETS)	Job 1:20, 21a (English Elpenor)
So Iob arose, tore his clothes and shaved the hair of his head and fell on the ground and did obeisance and said,	So Job arose, and rent his garments, and shaved the hair of his head, and fell on the earth, and worshipped, 21 and said,

Job 1:21 (Tanakh)	Job 1:21 (KJV)	Job 1:21 (NET)
And said, Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.	And said, Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.	He said, “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will return there. The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!”

Job 1:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
αὐτὸς γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι ἐκεῗ ὁ κύριος ἔδωκεν ὁ κύριος ἀφείλατο ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ ἔδοξεν οὕτως καὶ ἐγένετο εἴη τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου εὐλογημένον	αὐτὸς γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι ἐκεῖ· ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκεν, ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλατο· ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ ἔδοξεν, οὕτω καὶ ἐγένετο· εἴη τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου εὐλογημένον εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Job 1:21 (NETS)	Job 1:21 (English Elpenor)
“I came naked from my mother’s womb; naked also shall I return there; the Lord gave; the Lord has taken away; as it seemed good to the Lord, so it turned out; blessed be the name of the Lord.”	and said, I myself came forth naked from my mother᾿s womb, and naked shall I return thither; the Lord gave, the Lord has taken away: as it seemed good to the Lord, so has it come to pass; blessed be the name of the Lord.

Job 1:22 (Tanakh)	Job 1:22 (KJV)	Job 1:22 NET)
In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly.	In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly.	In all this Job did not sin, nor did he charge God with moral impropriety.

Job 1:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν τοῗς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν Ιωβ ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν ἀφροσύνην τῷ θεῷ	᾿Εν τούτοις πᾶσι τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν ᾿Ιὼβ ἐναντίον τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν ἀφροσύνην τῷ Θεῷ
Job 1:22 (NETS)	Job 1:22 (English Elpenor)
In all these things that happened to him Iob did not sin at all before the Lord, and did not charge God with folly.	In all these events that befell him Job sinned not at all before the Lord, and did not impute folly to God.

Job 1:4 (Tanakh)	Job 1:4 (KJV)	Job 1:4 (NET)
And his sons went and feasted in their houses, every one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.	And his sons went and feasted in their houses, every one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.	Now his sons used to go and hold a feast in the house of each one in turn, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.

Job 1:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
συμπορευόμενοι δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐποιοῦσαν πότον καθ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν συμπαραλαμβάνοντες ἅμα καὶ τὰς τρεῗς ἀδελφὰς αὐτῶν ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν μετ᾽ αὐτῶν	συμπορευόμενοι δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐποιοῦσαν πότον καθ᾿ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, συμπαραλαμβάνοντες ἅμα καὶ τὰς τρεῖς ἀδελφὰς αὐτῶν ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν μετ᾿ αὐτῶν
Job 1:4 (NETS)	Job 1:4 (English Elpenor)
Now his sons used to gather with one another and hold a feast each day; they used to take along their three sisters as well, to eat and drink with them.	And his sons visiting one another prepared a banquet every day, taking with them also their sisters to eat and drink with them.

Job 1:5 (Tanakh)	Job 1:5 (KJV)	Job 1:5 (NET)
And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.	And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.	When the days of their feasting were finished, Job would send for them and sanctify them; he would get up early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job thought, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” This was Job’s customary practice.

Job 1:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὡς ἂν συνετελέσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ πότου ἀπέστελλεν Ιωβ καὶ ἐκαθάριζεν αὐτοὺς ἀνιστάμενος τὸ πρωὶ καὶ προσέφερεν περὶ αὐτῶν θυσίας κατὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν καὶ μόσχον ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας περὶ τῶν ψυχῶν αὐτῶν ἔλεγεν γὰρ Ιωβ μήποτε οἱ υἱοί μου ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῶν κακὰ ἐνενόησαν πρὸς θεόν οὕτως οὖν ἐποίει Ιωβ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας	καὶ ὡς ἂν συνετελέσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ πότου, ἀπέστελλεν ᾿Ιὼβ καὶ ἐκαθάριζεν αὐτοὺς ἀνιστάμενος τὸ πρωΐ καὶ προσέφερε περὶ αὐτῶν θυσίας κατὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν καὶ μόσχον ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας περὶ τῶν ψυχῶν αὐτῶν· ἔλεγε γὰρ ᾿Ιώβ· μή ποτε οἱ υἱοί μου ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῶν κακὰ ἐνενόησαν πρὸς Θεόν. οὕτως οὖν ἐποίει ᾿Ιὼβ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας
Job 1:5 (NETS)	Job 1:5 (English Elpenor)
And when the feast days had run their course, Iob used to send and purify them, rising early in the morning, and he used to offer a sacrifice on their behalf, according to their number, and one bull calf as a sin offering for their souls–for Job said, “Perhaps my sons thought bad things in their mind toward God.” So this is what Job would always do.	And when the days of the banquet were completed, Job sent and purified them, having risen up in the morning, and offered sacrifices for them, according to their number, and one calf for a sin-offering for their souls: for Job said, Lest peradventure my sons have thought evil in their minds against God. Thus, then Job did continually.

Job 2:1 (Tanakh)	Job 2:1 (KJV)	Job 2:1 (NET)
Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD.	Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD.	Again the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also arrived among them to present himself before the Lord.

Job 2:1 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐγένετο δὲ ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ παραστῆναι ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἦλθεν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν παραστῆναι ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίου	ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ δὲ ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ Θεοῦ παραστῆναι ἔναντι Κυρίου, καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἦλθεν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν παραστῆναι ἐναντίον τοῦ Κυρίου
Job 2:1 (NETS)	Job 2:1 (English Elpenor)
Now it happened, when it was the set day and the angels of God came to present themselves before the Lord, the slanderer also came among them. [to present himself before the Lord]	And it came to pass on a certain day, that the angels of God came to stand before the Lord, and the devil came among them to stand before the Lord.

Job 2:2 (Tanakh)	Job 2:2 (KJV)	Job 2:2 (NET)
And the LORD said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.	And the LORD said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.	And the Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Satan answered the Lord, “From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.”

Job 2:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ πόθεν σὺ ἔρχῃ τότε εἶπεν ὁ διάβολος ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου διαπορευθεὶς τὴν ὑπ᾽ οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσας τὴν σύμπασαν πάρειμι	καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ· πόθεν σὺ ἔρχῃ; τότε εἶπεν ὁ διάβολος ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου· διαπορευθεὶς τὴν ὑπ᾿ οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσας τὴν σύμπασαν πάρειμι
Job 2:2 (NETS)	Job 2:2 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord said to the slanderer, “Where are you coming from?” Then the slanderer said before the Lord, “I have come, after traversing what is under heaven and walking about everywhere.”	And the Lord, said to the devil, Whence comest thou? Then the devil said before the Lord, I am come from going through the world, and walking about the whole earth.

Job 2:3 (Tanakh)	Job 2:3 (KJV)	Job 2:3 (NET)
And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause.	And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause.	Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a pure and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil. And he still holds firmly to his integrity, so that you stirred me up to destroy him without reason.”

Job 2:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 2:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον προσέσχες οὖν τῷ θεράποντί μου Ιωβ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατ᾽ αὐτὸν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνθρωπος ἄκακος ἀληθινός ἄμεμπτος θεοσεβής ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ ἔτι δὲ ἔχεται ἀκακίας σὺ δὲ εἶπας τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ διὰ κενῆς ἀπολέσαι	εἶπε δὲ ὁ Κύριος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον· προσέσχες οὖν τῷ θέραποντί μου ᾿Ιώβ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι κατ᾿ αὐτὸν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνθρωπος ὅμοιος αὐτῷ, ἄκακος, ἀληθινός, ἄμεμπτος, θεοσεβής, ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ; ἔτι δὲ ἔχετε ἀκακίας· σὺ δὲ εἶπας τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ διακενῆς ἀπολέσαι
Job 2:3 (NETS)	Job 2:3 (English Elpenor)
Then the Lord said, “So did you notice my attendant Iob–that there is no one of those on the earth like him, an innocent, genuine, blameless, religious man, staying away from all wrong? And he still maintains his innocence, though you said to destroy his possessions for no reason.”	And the Lord said to the devil, Hast thou then observed my servant Job, that there is none of [men] upon the earth like him, a harmless, true, blameless, godly man, abstaining from all evil? and he yet cleaves to innocence, whereas thou has told [me] to destroy his substance without cause?

Numbers 12:7 (Tanakh)	Numbers 12:7 (KJV)	Numbers 12:7 (NET)
My servant Moses is not so; he is trusted in all My house;	My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house.	My servant Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house.

Numbers 12:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 12:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐχ οὕτως ὁ θεράπων μου Μωυσῆς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ μου πιστός ἐστιν	οὐχ οὕτως ὁ θεράπων μου Μωυσῆς· ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ μου πιστός ἐστι
Numbers 12:7 (NETS)	Numbers 12:7 (English Elpenor)
Not so my attendant Moyses; in my whole house he is faithful.	My servant Moses [is] not so; he is faithful in all my house.

Genesis 24:44 (Tanakh)	Genesis 24:44 (KJV)	Genesis 24:44 (NET)
and she shall say to me: Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels; let the same be the woman whom HaShem hath appointed for my master’s son.	And she say to me, Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels: let the same be the woman whom the LORD hath appointed out for my master’s son.	Then she will reply to me, “Drink, and I’ll draw water for your camels too.” May that woman be the one whom the Lord has chosen for my master’s son.’

Genesis 24:44 (Septuagint BLB)	Genesis 24:44 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἴπῃ μοι καὶ σὺ πίε καὶ ταῗς καμήλοις σου ὑδρεύσομαι αὕτη ἡ γυνή ἣν ἡτοίμασεν κύριος τῷ ἑαυτοῦ θεράποντι Ισαακ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ γνώσομαι ὅτι πεποίηκας ἔλεος τῷ κυρίῳ μου Αβρααμ	καὶ εἴπῃ μοι, καὶ σὺ πίε καὶ ταῖς καμήλοις σου ὑδρεύσομαι, αὕτη ἡ γυνή, ἣν ἡτοίμασε Κύριος τῷ ἑαυτοῦ θεράποντι ᾿Ισαάκ, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ γνώσομαι, ὅτι πεποίηκας ἔλεος τῷ κυρίῳ μου ῾Αβραάμ
Genesis 24:44 (NETS)	Genesis 24:44 (English Elpenor)
and she should say to me, “You drink, and I will fetch water for your camels too,” may this be the woman whom the Lord prepared for his own attendant Isaak, and by this I shall know that you have done mercy toward my lord Abraam.’	and she shall say to me, Both drink thou, and I will draw water for thy camels, this [shall be] the wife whom the Lord has prepared for his own servant Isaac; and hereby shall I know that thou hast wrought mercy with my master Abraam.

1 Peter 5:8 (NET)	1 Peter 5:8 (KJV)
Be sober and alert. Your enemy the devil, like a roaring lion, is on the prowl looking for someone to devour.	Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour:

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Νήψατε, γρηγορήσατε. ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος περιπατεῖ ζητῶν [τινα] καταπιεῖν	νηψατε γρηγορησατε οτι ο αντιδικος υμων διαβολος ως λεων ωρυομενος περιπατει ζητων τινα καταπιη	νηψατε γρηγορησατε ο αντιδικος υμων διαβολος ως λεων ωρυομενος περιπατει ζητων τινα καταπιη

Hebrews 3:5 (NET)	Hebrews 3:5 (KJV)
Now Moses was faithful in all God’s house as a servant, to testify to the things that would be spoken.	And Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were to be spoken after;

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ Μωϋσῆς μὲν πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ ὡς θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων	και μωσης μεν πιστος εν ολω τω οικω αυτου ως θεραπων εις μαρτυριον των λαληθησομενων	και μωυσης μεν πιστος εν ολω τω οικω αυτου ως θεραπων εις μαρτυριον των λαληθησομενων

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 10

Back to Nothing True, Part 2

¹ Job 1:8b (NET) Table

² Genesis 15:6 (NET) Table

³ Galatians 5:22b, 23a (NET) Table

⁴ 1 Peter 5:8 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had καταπιεῖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had καταπιη (KJV: he may devour).

⁵ In the NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text Moses was spelled Μωϋσῆς and μωσης in the Stephanus Textus Receptus.

Psalm 22, Part 13

Posted on July 30, 2022 by admin

This is a continuing look into Psalm 22 as the music in Jesus’ heart as He endured the cross. The tone of the psalm seems to change abruptly.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 22:22 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 22:22 (NET)	Psalm 21:23 (NETS)	Psalm 21:23 (English Elpenor)
I will declare thy name unto my brethren (לְאֶחָ֑י): in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee.	I will declare your name to my countrymen (‘āḥ, לאחי). In the middle of the assembly I will praise you.	I will tell of your name to my kindred (τοῗς ἀδελφοῗς μου); in the midst of an assembly I will sing a hymn to you:	I will declare thy name to my brethren (τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου): in the midst of the church will I sing praise to thee.

The Hebrew word translated my brethren (Tanakh, KJV) and my countrymen (NET) was לְאֶחָ֑י (‘āḥ). It was translated τοῗς ἀδελφοῗς μου (BLB) and τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου (Elpenor) in the Septuagint.

For it was fitting for him, for whom and through whom all things exist, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through sufferings. For indeed he who makes holy and those being made holy all have the same origin, and so he is not ashamed to call them brothers and sisters (ἀδελφοὺς, a form of ἀδελφός), saying, “I will proclaim your name to my brothers (ἀδελφοῖς, another form of ἀδελφός); in the midst of the assembly I will praise you.”¹

Paul wrote (Romans 8:28, 29 NET):

And we know that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose, because those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters (ἀδελφοῖς, another form of ἀδελφός).

And Matthew wrote (Matthew 28:1-10 NET):

Now after the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary² Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb. Suddenly there was a severe earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descending from heaven came and³ rolled away the stone⁴ and sat on it. His appearance⁵ was like lightning, and his clothes were white as⁶ snow. The guards were shaken and became⁷ like⁸ dead men because they were so afraid of him. But the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid; I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here, for he has been raised, just as he said. Come and see the place where he⁹ was lying. Then go quickly and tell his disciples, ‘He has been raised from the dead. He is going ahead of you into Galilee. You will see him there.’ Listen, I have told you!” So they left¹⁰ the tomb quickly, with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. But¹¹ Jesus¹² met¹³ them, saying, “Greetings!” They came to him, held on to his feet and worshiped him. Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee. They will see me there.”¹⁴

Then go quickly and tell his disciples (τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ), the angel said. It was accurate and descriptive. The women knew who he meant. They ran to tell his disciples (τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ), Matthew wrote. In the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text Matthew repeated one more time: And as they went to tell his disciples (τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ), behold, Jesus met them.¹⁵ But Jesus said, Go and tell my brothers (τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου).

This was before the Holy Spirit was given at Pentecost. This is when I might have imagined some kind of reprimand or rebuke. Granted, Jesus actually believed the Scripture that said, “‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’”¹⁶ He was probably less likely to reprove his disciples for their “failure” to man up and disobey this Scripture than my misplaced pride and ego would be.

Of course, He didn’t call his disciples my brothers (τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου) because of anything they had done, but because of what He had faithfully accomplished for them on the cross. There appears to have been some confusion about what happened that morning (Mark 16:8-11 NET):

Then [Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome] went out and ran from the tomb, for¹⁷ terror and bewilderment had seized them. And they said¹⁸ nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.

Early on the first day of the week, after he arose, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had driven out seven demons. She went out and told those who were with him, while they were mourning¹⁹ and weeping. And when they heard that he was alive and had been seen by her, they did not believe.

Luke added (Luke 24:8-12 NET):

Then the women remembered [Jesus’] words, and when they returned from the tomb, they told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest. Now it was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the²⁰ mother of James, and the other women with them who²¹ told these things to the apostles. But these words seemed like pure nonsense to them, and they did not believe them. But Peter got up and ran to the tomb. He bent down and saw only the strips of linen cloth; then he went home, wondering what had happened [Table].

John filled in many of the details (John 20:1-17 NET):

Now very early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb and saw that the stone had been moved away from the entrance. So she went running to Simon Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved and told them, “They have taken the Lord from the tomb, and we don’t know where they have put him!” Then Peter and the other disciple set out to go to the tomb. The two were running together, but the other disciple ran faster than Peter and reached the tomb first. He bent down and saw the strips of linen cloth lying there, but he did not go in. Then Simon²² Peter, who had been following him, arrived and went right into the tomb. He saw the strips of linen cloth lying there, and the face cloth, which had been around Jesus’ head, not lying with the strips of linen cloth but rolled up in a place by itself. Then the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, came in, and he saw and believed. (For they did not yet understand the scripture that Jesus must rise from the dead.)

So the disciples went back to their homes.²³ But Mary stood outside the tomb²⁴ weeping. As she wept, she bent down and looked into the tomb. And she saw two angels in white sitting where Jesus’ body had been lying, one at the head and one at the feet. They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” Mary replied, “They have taken my Lord away, and I do not know where they have put him!” When²⁵ she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus.²⁶

Jesus²⁷ said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Who are you looking for?” Because she thought he was the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will take him.” Jesus²⁸ said to her, “Mary.”²⁹ She turned and said to him in Aramaic,³⁰ “Rabboni” (which means “Teacher”). Jesus³¹ replied, “Do not touch me, for I have not yet ascended to my³² Father. Go to my brothers (τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου ) and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father (τὸν πατέρα μου) and your Father (πατέρα ὑμῶν), to my God and your God.’”

I pause here to highlight that Jesus called his disciples my brothers (τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου). Beyond this he called God my Father (τὸν πατέρα μου) and your Father (πατέρα ὑμῶν). This is quite different from what He said to those Judeans who had believed him:³³ You people are from your father the devil (ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ διαβόλου), and you want to do what your father (τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν) desires.³⁴ Here, too, it is not because of anything his disciples had done but what Jesus had accomplished for them on the cross.

John continued (John 20:18-22 NET):

Mary³⁵ Magdalene came and informed the disciples, “I have seen³⁶ the Lord!” And she told them what Jesus had said to her.

On the evening of that day, the first day of the week, the disciples had gathered together and locked the doors of the place because they were afraid of the Jewish leaders. Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. Then the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord [Table]. So Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. Just as the Father has sent me, I also send you.” And after he said this, he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.

I pause here to highlight how Jesus reprised the scene from creation when the Lord God formed the man from the soil of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.³⁷ So also it is written, Paul contrasted these events, “The first man, Adam, became a living person”; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.³⁸

John continued, quoting Jesus (John 20:23 NET):

If you forgive (ἀφῆτε, a form of ἀφίημι) anyone’s sins, they are forgiven (ἀφέωνται); if you retain anyone’s sins, they are retained.”

Jesus taught us to pray: and forgive (ἄφες) us our debts, as we ourselves have forgiven (ἀφήκαμεν, another form of ἀφίημι) our debtors.³⁹ Then He explained: For if you forgive (ἀφῆτε, a form of ἀφίημι) others their sins, your heavenly Father will also forgive (ἀφήσει, another form of ἀφίημι) you. But if you do not forgive (ἀφῆτε, a form of ἀφίημι) others, your Father will not forgive (ἀφήσει, another form of ἀφίημι) you your sins [Table].⁴⁰

John continued (John 20:24-29 NET):

Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with them when Jesus came [Table]. The other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he replied, “Unless I see the wounds from the nails in his hands, and put my finger into the wounds from the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will never believe it!”

Eight days later the disciples were again together in the house, and Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and examine my hands. Extend your hand and put it into my side. Do not continue in your unbelief, but believe.” Thomas⁴¹ replied to him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me?⁴² Blessed are the people who have not seen and yet have believed.”

Mark wrote (Mark 16:14 NET):

Then⁴³ he appeared to the Eleven themselves, while they were eating, and he rebuked (ὠνείδισεν, a form of ὀνειδίζω) them for their unbelief and hardness of heart because they did not believe those who had seen him resurrected.

I’ve heard that Peter was the source for Mark’s Gospel account. It is interesting to consider that Peter, who did not make any mental connection to Jesus’ teaching when he entered the empty tomb, recalled Jesus’ rebuke for unbelief while John, who believed when he entered the empty tomb, illustrated the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge,⁴⁴ showing how often Jesus intervened with personal appearances to cause his unbelieving brothers to believe.

Likewise, only Mark’s Gospel reveals that the women said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.⁴⁵ This was presumably before they encountered Jesus and left the tomb quickly, with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples.⁴⁶ Putting these accounts together helps me see that Jesus’ love for his female brothers who came early that Sunday morning to the tomb was the same. He didn’t wait around for his brothers to meet Him in Galilee: “Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee. They will see me there.”⁴⁷ Going to Galilee to meet Jesus was not the act that defined Jesus’ brothers.

Jesus spoke the words, “my brothers,” and made it so, overwhelming their unbelief (even Mary Magdalene came at the appointed time seeking a corpse rather than a living God) with his presence. And we know that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose,⁴⁸ Paul wrote. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, Jesus promised, will draw all people to myself.⁴⁹

Paul wrote (1 Corinthians 15:1-11 NET):

Now I want to make clear for you, brothers and sisters (ἀδελφοί, another form of ἀδελφός), the gospel that I preached to you, that you received and on which you stand, and by which you are being saved, if you hold firmly to the message I preached to you—unless you believed in vain. For I passed on to you as of first importance what I also received—that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures, and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day according to the scriptures [Table], and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than 500 of the brothers and sisters at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep [Table]. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as though to one born at the wrong time, he appeared to me also. For I am the least of the apostles, unworthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me has not been in vain. In fact, I worked harder than all of them—yet not I, but⁵⁰ the grace of God with me. Whether then it was I or they, this is the way we preach and this is the way you believed.

A table comparing the Greek of Hebrews 2:12 and that of Psalm 22:22 (21:23) in the Septuagint follows:

Hebrews 2:12 (NET Parallel Greek)	Psalm 22:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομα σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε	διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῗς ἀδελφοῗς μου ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε	διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε
Hebrews 2:12 (NET)	Psalm 21:23 (NETS)	Psalm 21:23 (English Elpenor)
I will proclaim your name to my brothers; in the midst of the assembly I will praise you.	I will tell of your name to my kindred; in the midst of an assembly I will sing a hymn to you:	I will declare thy name to my brethren: in the midst of the church will I sing praise to thee.

A table comparing the Greek of Matthew 26:31b and that of Zechariah 13:7 in the Septuagint follows:

Matthew 26:31b (NET Parallel Greek)	Zechariah 13:7b (Septuagint BLB)	Zechariah 13:7b (Septuagint Elpenor)
πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ διασκορπισθήσονται τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης	πατάξατε τοὺς ποιμένας καὶ ἐκσπάσατε τὰ πρόβατα	πατάξατε τοὺς ποιμένας καὶ ἐκσπάσατε τὰ πρόβατα
Matthew 26:31b (NET)	Zechariah 13:7b (NETS)	Zechariah 13:7b (English Elpenor)
I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.	Smite the shepherds, and remove the sheep	smite the shepherds, and draw out the sheep

Tables comparing Psalm 22:22 and Zechariah 13:7 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Psalm 22:22 (21:23) and Zechariah 13:7 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Matthew 28:1-4; 28:6; 28:8-10; Mark 16:8; 16:10; Luke 24:10; John 20:6; 20:10, 11; 20:14-17; 20:18; 20:28, 29; Mark 16:14 and 1 Corinthians 15:10 in the NET and KJV follow.

Psalm 22:22 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:22 (KJV)	Psalm 22:22 (NET)
I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee.	I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee.	I will declare your name to my countrymen. In the middle of the assembly I will praise you.

Psalm 22:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῗς ἀδελφοῗς μου ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε	διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε
Psalm 21:23 (NETS)	Psalm 21:23 (English Elpenor)
I will tell of your name to my kindred; in the midst of an assembly I will sing a hymn to you:	I will declare thy name to my brethren: in the midst of the church will I sing praise to thee.

Zechariah 13:7 (Tanakh)	Zechariah 13:7 (KJV)	Zechariah 13:7 (NET)
Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.	Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.	“Awake, sword, against my shepherd, against the man who is my associate,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Strike the shepherd that the flock may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the insignificant ones.

Zechariah 13:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Zechariah 13:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ῥομφαία ἐξεγέρθητι ἐπὶ τοὺς ποιμένας μου καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄνδρα πολίτην μου λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ πατάξατε τοὺς ποιμένας καὶ ἐκσπάσατε τὰ πρόβατα καὶ ἐπάξω τὴν χεῗρά μου ἐπὶ τοὺς ποιμένας	Ῥομφαία ἐξεγέρθητι ἐπὶ τοὺς ποιμένας μου καὶ ἐπὶ ἄνδρα πολίτην μου, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ· πατάξατε τοὺς ποιμένας καὶ ἐκσπάσατε τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ ἐπάξω τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπὶ τοὺς ποιμένας
Zechariah 13:7 (NETS)	Zechariah 13:7 (English Elpenor)
“Awake, O sword, against my shepherds and against his fellow citizen,” says the Lord Almighty. Smite the shepherds, and remove the sheep, and I will bring my hand against the shepherds.	Awake, O sword, against my shepherds, and against the man [who is] my citizen, saith the Lord Almighty: smite the shepherds, and draw out the sheep: and I will bring mine hand upon the little ones.

Matthew 28:1-4 (NET)	Matthew 28:1-4 (KJV)
Now after the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb.	In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Ὀψὲ δὲ σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων ἦλθεν \|Μαριὰμ\| ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία θεωρῆσαι τὸν τάφον	οψε δε σαββατων τη επιφωσκουση εις μιαν σαββατων ηλθεν μαρια η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια θεωρησαι τον ταφον	οψε δε σαββατων τη επιφωσκουση εις μιαν σαββατων ηλθεν μαρια η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια θεωρησαι τον ταφον

Suddenly there was a severe earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descending from heaven came and rolled away the stone and sat on it.

And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἰδοὺ σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας· ἄγγελος γὰρ κυρίου καταβὰς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ προσελθὼν ἀπεκύλισεν τὸν λίθον καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ	και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθον απο της θυρας και εκαθητο επανω αυτου	και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθον απο της θυρας και εκαθητο επανω αυτου

His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow.

His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow:

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἦν δὲ ἡ εἰδέα αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀστραπὴ καὶ τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών	ην δε η ιδεα αυτου ως αστραπη και το ενδυμα αυτου λευκον ωσει χιων	ην δε η ιδεα αυτου ως αστραπη και το ενδυμα αυτου λευκον ωσει χιων

The guards were shaken and became like dead men because they were so afraid of him.

And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες καὶ ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί	απο δε του φοβου αυτου εσεισθησαν οι τηρουντες και εγενοντο ωσει νεκροι	απο δε του φοβου αυτου εσεισθησαν οι τηρουντες και εγενοντο ωσει νεκροι

Matthew 28:6 (NET)	Matthew 28:6 (KJV)
He is not here, for he has been raised, just as he said. Come and see the place where he was lying.	He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἠγέρθη γὰρ καθὼς εἶπεν· δεῦτε ἴδετε τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἔκειτο	ουκ εστιν ωδε ηγερθη γαρ καθως ειπεν δευτε ιδετε τον τοπον οπου εκειτο ο κυριος	ουκ εστιν ωδε ηγερθη γαρ καθως ειπεν δευτε ιδετε τον τοπον οπου εκειτο ο κυριος

Matthew 28:8-10 (NET)	Matthew 28:8-10 (KJV)
So they left the tomb quickly, with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples.	And they departed quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great joy; and did run to bring his disciples word.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Καὶ ἀπελθοῦσαι ταχὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου μετὰ φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς μεγάλης ἔδραμον ἀπαγγεῖλαι τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ	και εξελθουσαι ταχυ απο του μνημειου μετα φοβου και χαρας μεγαλης εδραμον απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου	και εξελθουσαι ταχυ απο του μνημειου μετα φοβου και χαρας μεγαλης εδραμον απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου

But Jesus met them, saying, “Greetings!” They came to him, held on to his feet and worshiped him.

And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and held him by the feet, and worshipped him.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἰδοὺ Ἰησοῦς ὑπήντησεν αὐταῖς λέγων· χαίρετε. αἱ δὲ προσελθοῦσαι ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας καὶ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ	ως δε επορευοντο απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου και ιδου ο ιησους απηντησεν αυταις λεγων χαιρετε αι δε προσελθουσαι εκρατησαν αυτου τους ποδας και προσεκυνησαν αυτω	ως δε επορευοντο απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου και ιδου ιησους απηντησεν αυταις λεγων χαιρετε αι δε προσελθουσαι εκρατησαν αυτου τους ποδας και προσεκυνησαν αυτω

Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee. They will see me there.”

Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
τότε λέγει αὐταῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· μὴ φοβεῖσθε· ὑπάγετε ἀπαγγείλατε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου ἵνα ἀπέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, κακεῖ με ὄψονται	τοτε λεγει αυταις ο ιησους μη φοβεισθε υπαγετε απαγγειλατε τοις αδελφοις μου ινα απελθωσιν εις την γαλιλαιαν κακει με οψονται	τοτε λεγει αυταις ο ιησους μη φοβεισθε υπαγετε απαγγειλατε τοις αδελφοις μου ινα απελθωσιν εις την γαλιλαιαν και εκει με οψονται

Mark 16:8 (NET)	Mark 16:8 (KJV)
Then they went out and ran from the tomb, for terror and bewilderment had seized them. And they said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.	And they went out quickly, and fled from the sepulchre; for they trembled and were amazed: neither said they any thing to any man; for they were afraid.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἐξελθοῦσαι ἔφυγον ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου, εἶχεν γὰρ αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις· καὶ οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν εἶπαν· ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ	και εξελθουσαι ταχυ εφυγον απο του μνημειου ειχεν δε αυτας τρομος και εκστασις και ουδενι ουδεν ειπον εφοβουντο γαρ	και εξελθουσαι εφυγον απο του μνημειου ειχεν δε αυτας τρομος και εκστασις και ουδενι ουδεν ειπον εφοβουντο γαρ

Mark 16:10 (NET)	Mark 16:10 (KJV)
She went out and told those who were with him, while they were mourning and weeping.	And she went and told them that had been with him, as they mourned and wept.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἐκείνη πορευθεῖσα ἀπήγγειλεν τοῖς μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ γενομένοις πενθοῦσι καὶ κλαίουσιν	εκεινη πορευθεισα απηγγειλεν τοις μετ αυτου γενομενοις πενθουσιν και κλαιουσιν	εκεινη πορευθεισα απηγγειλεν τοις μετ αυτου γενομενοις πενθουσιν και κλαιουσιν

Luke 24:10 (NET)	Luke 24:10 (KJV)
Now it was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles.	It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, and other women that were with them, which told these things unto the apostles.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἦσαν δὲ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ Μαρία καὶ Ἰωάννα καὶ Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ σὺν αὐταῖς. ἔλεγον πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους ταῦτα	ησαν δε η μαγδαληνη μαρια και ιωαννα και μαρια ιακωβου και αι λοιπαι συν αυταις αι ελεγον προς τους αποστολους ταυτα	ησαν δε η μαγδαληνη μαρια και ιωαννα και μαρια η ιακωβου και αι λοιπαι συν αυταις αι ελεγον προς τους αποστολους ταυτα

John 20:6 (NET)	John 20:6 (KJV)
Then Simon Peter, who had been following him, arrived and went right into the tomb. He saw the strips of linen cloth lying there,	Then cometh Simon Peter following him, and went into the sepulchre, and seeth the linen clothes lie,

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἔρχεται οὖν καὶ Σίμων Πέτρος ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ θεωρεῖ τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα	ερχεται ουν σιμων πετρος ακολουθων αυτω και εισηλθεν εις το μνημειον και θεωρει τα οθονια κειμενα	ερχεται ουν σιμων πετρος ακολουθων αυτω και εισηλθεν εις το μνημειον και θεωρει τα οθονια κειμενα

John 20:10, 11 (NET)	John 20:10, 11 (KJV)
So the disciples went back to their homes.	Then the disciples went away again unto their own home.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἀπῆλθον οὖν πάλιν πρὸς αὐτοὺς οἱ μαθηταί	απηλθον ουν παλιν προς εαυτους οι μαθηται	απηλθον ουν παλιν προς εαυτους οι μαθηται

But Mary stood outside the tomb weeping. As she wept, she bent down and looked into the tomb.

But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre,

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Μαρία δὲ εἱστήκει πρὸς τῷ μνημείῳ ἔξω κλαίουσα. ὡς οὖν ἔκλαιεν, παρέκυψεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον	μαρια δε ειστηκει προς το μνημειον κλαιουσα εξω ως ουν εκλαιεν παρεκυψεν εις το μνημειον	μαρια δε ειστηκει προς το μνημειον κλαιουσα εξω ως ουν εκλαιεν παρεκυψεν εις το μνημειον

John 20:14-17 (NET)	John 20:14-17 (KJV)
When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus.	And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ταῦτα εἰποῦσα ἐστράφη εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω καὶ θεωρεῖ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν	και ταυτα ειπουσα εστραφη εις τα οπισω και θεωρει τον ιησουν εστωτα και ουκ ηδει οτι ο ιησους εστιν	και ταυτα ειπουσα εστραφη εις τα οπισω και θεωρει τον ιησουν εστωτα και ουκ ηδει οτι ιησους εστιν

Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Who are you looking for?” Because she thought he was the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will take him.”

Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς· γύναι, τί κλαίεις; τίνα ζητεῖς; ἐκείνη δοκοῦσα ὅτι ὁ κηπουρός ἐστιν λέγει αὐτῷ· κύριε, εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτόν, εἰπέ μοι ποῦ ἔθηκας αὐτόν, καγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους γυναι τι κλαιεις τινα ζητεις εκεινη δοκουσα οτι ο κηπουρος εστιν λεγει αυτω κυριε ει συ εβαστασας αυτον ειπε μοι που αυτον εθηκας καγω αυτον αρω	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους γυναι τι κλαιεις τινα ζητεις εκεινη δοκουσα οτι ο κηπουρος εστιν λεγει αυτω κυριε ει συ εβαστασας αυτον ειπε μοι που εθηκας αυτον καγω αυτον αρω

Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned and said to him in Aramaic, “Rabboni” (which means “Teacher”).

Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς· Μαριάμ. στραφεῖσα ἐκείνη λέγει αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστί· ραββουνι (ὃ λέγεται διδάσκαλε).	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους μαρια στραφεισα εκεινη λεγει αυτω ραββουνι ο λεγεται διδασκαλε	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους μαρια στραφεισα εκεινη λεγει αυτω ραββουνι ο λεγεται διδασκαλε

Jesus replied, “Do not touch me, for I have not yet ascended to my Father. Go to my brothers and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’”

Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς· μή μου ἅπτου, οὔπω γὰρ ἀναβέβηκα πρὸς τὸν πατέρα· πορεύου δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτοῖς· ἀναβαίνω πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν καὶ θεόν μου καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους μη μου απτου ουπω γαρ αναβεβηκα προς τον πατερα μου πορευου δε προς τους αδελφους μου και ειπε αυτοις αναβαινω προς τον πατερα μου και πατερα υμων και θεον μου και θεον υμων	λεγει αυτη ο ιησους μη μου απτου ουπω γαρ αναβεβηκα προς τον πατερα μου πορευου δε προς τους αδελφους μου και ειπε αυτοις αναβαινω προς τον πατερα μου και πατερα υμων και θεον μου και θεον υμων

John 20:18 (NET)	John 20:18 (KJV)
Mary Magdalene came and informed the disciples, “I have seen the Lord!” And she told them what Jesus had said to her.	Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that he had spoken these things unto her.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἔρχεται Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἀγγέλλουσα τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὅτι ἑώρακα τὸν κύριον, καὶ ταῦτα εἶπεν αὐτῇ	ερχεται μαρια η μαγδαληνη απαγγελλουσα τοις μαθηταις οτι εωρακεν τον κυριον και ταυτα ειπεν αυτη	ερχεται μαρια η μαγδαληνη απαγγελλουσα τοις μαθηταις οτι εωρακεν τον κυριον και ταυτα ειπεν αυτη

John 20:28, 29 (NET)	John 20:28, 29 (KJV)
Thomas replied to him, “My Lord and my God!”	And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἀπεκρίθη Θωμᾶς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ὁ κύριος μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου	και απεκριθη ο θωμας και ειπεν αυτω ο κυριος μου και ο θεος μου	και απεκριθη θωμας και ειπεν αυτω ο κυριος μου και ο θεος μου

Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are the people who have not seen and yet have believed.”

Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει αὐτῷ \|ὁ\| Ἰησοῦς· ὅτι ἑώρακας με πεπίστευκας; μακάριοι οἱ μὴ ἰδόντες καὶ πιστεύσαντες	λεγει αυτω ο ιησους οτι εωρακας με θωμα πεπιστευκας μακαριοι οι μη ιδοντες και πιστευσαντες	λεγει αυτω ο ιησους οτι εωρακας με πεπιστευκας μακαριοι οι μη ιδοντες και πιστευσαντες

Mark 16:14 (NET)	Mark 16:14 (KJV)
Then he appeared to the Eleven themselves, while they were eating, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart because they did not believe those who had seen him resurrected.	Afterward he appeared unto the eleven as they sat at meat, and upbraided them with their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they believed not them which had seen him after he was risen.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
῞Υστερον [δὲ] ἀνακειμένοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἕνδεκα ἐφανερώθη καὶ ὠνείδισεν τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν καὶ σκληροκαρδίαν ὅτι τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν	υστερον ανακειμενοις αυτοις τοις ενδεκα εφανερωθη και ωνειδισεν την απιστιαν αυτων και σκληροκαρδιαν οτι τοις θεασαμενοις αυτον εγηγερμενον ουκ επιστευσαν	υστερον ανακειμενοις αυτοις τοις ενδεκα εφανερωθη και ωνειδισεν την απιστιαν αυτων και σκληροκαρδιαν οτι τοις θεασαμενοις αυτον εγηγερμενον ουκ επιστευσαν

1 Corinthians 15:10 (NET)	1 Corinthians 15:10 (KJV)
But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me has not been in vain. In fact, I worked harder than all of them—yet not I, but the grace of God with me.	But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
χάριτι δὲ θεοῦ εἰμι ὅ εἰμι, καὶ ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη, ἀλλὰ περισσότερον αὐτῶν πάντων ἐκοπίασα, οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ [ἡ] σὺν ἐμοί	χαριτι δε θεου ειμι ο ειμι και η χαρις αυτου η εις εμε ου κενη εγενηθη αλλα περισσοτερον αυτων παντων εκοπιασα ουκ εγω δε αλλ η χαρις του θεου η συν εμοι	χαριτι δε θεου ειμι ο ειμι και η χαρις αυτου η εις εμε ου κενη εγενηθη αλλα περισσοτερον αυτων παντων εκοπιασα ουκ εγω δε αλλ η χαρις του θεου η συν εμοι

Psalm 22, Part 14

Back to Forgiveness and my Religious Mind

Back to Wonders and False Wonders, Part 1

Back to Matthew 8:23-34

¹ Hebrews 2:10-12 (NET)

² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had Μαριὰμ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μαρια.

³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had καὶ preceding came. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁴ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απο της θυρας (KJV: from the door) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had εἰδέα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ιδεα (KJV: countenance).

⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὡς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ωσει.

⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐγενήθησαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εγενοντο.

⁸ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὡς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ωσει (KJV: as).

⁹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ο κυριος (KJV: the Lord) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁰ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἀπελθοῦσαι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εξελθουσαι (KJV: they departed).

¹¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ως δε επορευοντο απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου (KJV: And as they went to tell his disciples) preceding but (KJV: behold). The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹² The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

¹³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὑπήντησεν (a form of ὑπαντάω) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απηντησεν.

¹⁴ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Stephanus Textus Receptus had κακεῖ here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had και εκει.

¹⁵ Matthew 28:9a (KJV)

¹⁶ Matthew 26:31b (NET) Table

¹⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had γὰρ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε.

¹⁸ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had εἶπαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον.

¹⁹ The NET parallel Greek text had πενθοῦσι here, where the NA²⁸, Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had πενθοῦσιν (KJV: they mourned).

²⁰ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ἡ preceding mother of James. The Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

²¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αι (KJV: which) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²² The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had καὶ (not translated in the NET) preceding Simon. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

²³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had αὐτοὺς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εαυτους (KJV: their own home).

²⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had τῷ μνημείῳ in the dative case here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had το μνημειον (KJV: at the sepulchre) in the accusative case.

²⁵ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: And) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²⁶ The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

²⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²⁸ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²⁹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had Μαριάμ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μαρια.

³⁰ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had Ἑβραϊστί here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

³¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ο preceding Jesus. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

³² The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μου here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

³³ John 8:31a (NET)

³⁴ John 8:44a (NET) Table

³⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had Μαριὰμ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μαρια.

³⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἑώρακα in the 1^st person here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εωρακεν (KJV: she had seen) in the 3^rd person. The conjunction ὅτι, which preceded both ἑώρακα and εωρακεν, was treated as an introduction to “a direct speech (In English, it is not translated except by quotation marks)” in the NET and was translated that in the KJV.

³⁷ Genesis 2:7 (NET) Table

³⁸ 1 Corinthians 15:45 (NET)

³⁹ Matthew 6:12 (NET) Table

⁴⁰ Matthew 6:14, 15 (NET)

⁴¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: And) at the beginning of this clause. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not. The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the article ο preceding Thomas. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁴² The Stephanus Textus Receptus had θωμα (KJV: Thomas) here. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁴³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had δὲ (not translated in the NET) here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

⁴⁴ Ephesians 3:19 (NET)

⁴⁵ Mark 16:8b (NET)

⁴⁶ Matthew 28:8 (NET)

⁴⁷ Matthew 28:10 (NET)

⁴⁸ Romans 8:28 (NET)

⁴⁹ John 12:32 (NET)

⁵⁰ The NET parallel Greek text had ἀλλὰ here, where the NA²⁸, Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ἀλλ’.

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 11

Posted on April 17, 2022 by admin

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 53:10d (Tanakh) Table	Isaiah 53:10d (NET)	Isaiah 53:10d (NETS) Table	Isaiah 53:11a (Elpenor English)
and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand (בְּיָד֥וֹ).	and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him (yāḏ, בידו).	And the Lord wishes to take away (ἀφελεῗν)	the Lord also is pleased to take away (ἀφελεῖν) from

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 18:5 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 18:5 (NET)	Isaiah 18:5 (NETS)	Isaiah 18:5 (Elpenor English)
For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away (הֵסִ֥יר) and cut down the branches.	For before the harvest, when the bud has sprouted and the ripening fruit appears, he will cut off the unproductive shoots with pruning knives; he will prune the tendrils [Note 13: the tendrils he will remove (sûr, הסיר), he will cut off].	Before the harvest, when the blossom has been completed and the unripe grape blossoms—a grape-bearing blossom—then he will take away (ἀφελεῗ) the little clusters with pruning hooks and take away (ἀφελεῗ) the small branches and cut them off	Before the reaping time, when the flower has been completely formed, and the unripe grape has put forth its flower and blossomed, then shall he take away (ἀφελεῖ) the little clusters with pruning-hooks, and shall take away (ἀφελεῖ) the small branches, and cut them off;

This seems to be an example of one instance of הֵסִ֥יר (sûr) translated with two instances of ἀφελεῖ (a form of ἀφαιρέω) because of the Hebrew word וְכָרַ֚ת (kāraṯ), translated he shall both cut off (Tanakh, KJV). I won’t spend time here to try to confirm it with other examples.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 25:8 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 25:8 (NET)	Isaiah 25:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 25:8 (Elpenor English)
He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away (וּמָחָ֨ה) tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away (יָסִיר֙) from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.	he will swallow up death permanently. The Sovereign Lord will wipe away (māḥâ, ומחה) the tears from every face, and remove (sûr, יסיר) his people’s disgrace from all the earth. Indeed, the Lord has announced it!	Death, having prevailed, swallowed them up, and God has again taken away (ἀφεῗλεν) every tear from every face; the disgrace of the people he has taken away (ἀφεῗλεν) from all the earth, for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.	Death has prevailed and swallowed [men] up; but again the Lord God has taken away (ἀφεῖλε) every tear from every face. He has taken away (ἀφεῖλεν) the reproach of [his] people from all the earth: for the mouth off the Lord has spoken it.

Here both וּמָחָ֨ה (māḥâ) and יָסִיר֙ (sûr) were translated ἀφεῖλε(ν) and ἀφεῗλεν (a form of ἀφαιρέω) in the Septuagint. According to a note (33) in the NET Paul quoted Isaiah 25:8, “Death has been swallowed up in victory.”² The table below compares Paul’s Greek to that of the Septuagint.

1 Corinthians 15:54b (NET Parallel Greek)	Isaiah 25:8a (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 25:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος	κατέπιεν ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας	κατέπιεν ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας
1 Corinthians 15:54b (NET)	Isaiah 25:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 25:8 (English Elpenor)
“Death has been swallowed up in victory.”	Death, having prevailed, swallowed them up	Death has prevailed and swallowed [men] up

Perhaps κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος (Death has been swallowed up in victory) was a popular saying (λόγος), a summation of the first two clauses of Hosea 13:14 alluding to the καταπίνω imagery (“to drink down, swallow, gulp”) of Isaiah 28:5. As death has swallowed up the living, the living God will swallow up death through Jesus Christ our Lord.

1 Corinthians 15:54b (NET Parallel Greek)	Hosea 13:14a (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 13:14a (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος	ἐκ χειρὸς ᾅδου ῥύσομαι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκ θανάτου λυτρώσομαι αὐτούς	ἐκ χειρὸς ᾅδου ῥύσομαι καὶ ἐκ θανάτου λυτρώσομαι αὐτούς
1 Corinthians 15:54b (NET)	Hosea 13:14a (NETS)	Hosea 13:14a (English Elpenor)
“Death has been swallowed up in victory.”	I shall rescue them from the hand of Hades and shall redeem them from Death.	I will deliver [them] out of the power of Hades, and will redeem them from death:
1 Corinthians 15:55 (NET Parallel Greek)	Hosea 13:14b (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 13:14b (Septuagint Elpenor)
ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος;³ ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον	ποῦ ἡ δίκη σου θάνατε ποῦ τὸ κέντρον σου ᾅδη	ποῦ ἡ δίκη σου, θάνατε; ποῦ τὸ κέντρον σου, ᾅδη
1 Corinthians 15:55 (NET)	Hosea 13:14b (NETS)	Hosea 13:14b (English Elpenor)
“Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?”	O Death, where is your sentence? O Hades, where is your goad?	where is thy penalty, O death? O Hades, where is thy sting?

Regardless, the rabbis who translated the Septuagint didn’t understand the first clause of Isaiah 25:8 in the same way that more contemporary translators have translated the Hebrew of the Masoretic text.

Isaiah 25:8a (Tanakh/KJV from the Masoretic text)	Isaiah 25:8a (NETS from the Septuagint)
He will swallow up death in victory;	Death, having prevailed, swallowed them up,

Does this mean that the Hebrew text the rabbis translated was different from that in the Masoretic text? It’s hard to say. The NET translation of Hosea 13:14 leads me to believe that even the Hebrew of the Masoretic text is open to interpretation.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Hosea 13:14 (Tanakh/KJV)	Hosea 13:14 (NET)	Hosea 13:14 (NETS)	Hosea 13:14 (Elpenor English)
I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.	Will I deliver them from the power of Sheol? No, I will not! Will I redeem them from death? No, I will not! O Death, bring on your plagues! O Sheol, bring on your destruction! My eyes will not show any compassion!	I shall rescue them from the hand of Hades and shall redeem them from Death. O Death, where is your sentence? O Hades, where is your goad? Comfort is hidden from my eyes.	I will deliver [them] out of the power of Hades, and will redeem them from death: where is thy penalty, O death? O Hades, where is thy sting? comfort is hidden from mine eyes.

This kind of complexity is frustrating to anyone living a timed life. I certainly live a timed life, traveling on airplanes to various cities to record conference sessions that happen in various locations at various times on media that will only hold a fixed amount of data. But I also live an eternal life, knowing the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom [He] sent.⁴ I can trust Him—to unfold, to uncover, to reveal the things that frustrate or confuse me—with that continuous supply of his own peace, patience and faithfulness. Jesus said (Matthew 7:7, 8 NET)

Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened for you. For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.

My ten years’ association with the study of Geology, first as a student taking courses then as a teaching assistant helping other students learn field techniques for identifying rocks and minerals, helped me see the sediments deposited by a great flood in the Grand Canyon. Standing on the north rim I could almost feel the uplift of the kaibab plateau and the rapid recession of flood waters that carved out most of the features of the Grand Canyon through relatively unconsolidated sediments. On the drive back down to St. Louis I saw for the first time that grander canyon known as the Mississippi valley. And as I recalled the similarity of sedimentary rock strata on the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa I perceived the grandest canyon of all, called the Atlantic Ocean, though my mind still boggles at the power that created it.

Clearly, I didn’t learn what I was expected to learn. My instructors preferred to deliberately suppress this fact, that by the word of God heavens existed long ago and an earth was formed out of water and by means of water. Through these things the world existing at that time was destroyed when it was deluged with water.⁵

Peter’s point in this portion of his letter was that by the same word the present heavens and earth have been reserved for fire, by being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.⁶ [T]he heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze.⁷ This destruction of the universe (or at least this solar system) makes space for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.⁸

In answer to a question why this hasn’t happened yet (2 Peter 3:3, 4), Peter replied, The Lord…is being patient toward you because he does not wish (βουλόμενός, a form of βούλομαι) for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.⁹ His wish corresponds to the way Jesus pictured death and Hades (Luke 16:19-31): as the opportunity and space for rich and poor alike to focus their attention on the Bible, something they may have ignored or been completely ignorant of during their lives here.

Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death¹⁰—the lake of fire.¹¹ I admit I’ve thought of Death and Hades here as euphemisms for those who have died and those who reside in the place of the dead respectively. Now I’m more willing to consider that it is the very concepts Death and Hades (as the place of the dead) which will be done away with. They become superfluous once every knee has bowed and every tongue confessed that Jesus Christ is Lord (Philippians 2:5-11).

Paul wrote (Philippians 2:10, 11 NET):

…so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow—in heaven and on earth and under the earth—and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.

The Greek word translated will bow above was not κάμψουσιν, the future tense indicative form of κάμπτω. It was κάμψῃ in the aorist tense and subjunctive mood. Likewise, the Greek word translated confess was not ἐξομολογήσεται, the future tense indicative form of ἐξομολογέω (Romans 14:11). It was ἐξομολογήσηται in the aorist tense and subjunctive mood. This is part of the intrigue of translating Koine Greek into English.

Ordinarily, the subjunctive mood would be translated something like “every knee may bow” and “every tongue may confess.” That’s what someone who already knows Greek would expect. Of course, someone who already knows Greek probably also knows that “if the subjunctive mood is used in a purpose or result clause, then the action should not be thought of as a possible result, but should be viewed as a definite outcome that will happen as a result of another stated action.”

Here “every knee may bow” and “every tongue may confess” are clearly the result of Christ Jesus (Philippians 2:6-8 NET):

who, though he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped, but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature [Table]. He humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross!

And (Philippians 2:9, 10a NET):

As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, so that (ἵνα) at the name of Jesus…

And here, apparently, the translators of the NET wanted even those who do not already know Koine Greek to know how certain Paul was of this outcome (Philippians 2:10b, 11 NET):

every knee will bow—in heaven and on earth and under the earth—and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.

The Lord’s wish…for all to come to repentance isn’t given this much credence in the religious circles I inhabit. But there are six other undisputed¹² occurrences of βουλόμενος in the New Testament to consider: Because he wanted (βουλόμενος) to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas for them.¹³ Because the Roman commander in Jerusalem wanted (βουλόμενος) to know the true reason Paul was being accused by¹⁴ the Jews, he released him¹⁵ and ordered the chief priests and the whole¹⁶ council¹⁷ to assemble.¹⁸ He then brought Paul down and had him stand before them.¹⁹ When he learned of a plot to kill Paul the Roman commander sent him to the Governor Felix with a letter describing his actions (Acts 23:28 NET):

Since²⁰ I wanted (βουλόμενος) to know²¹ what charge they were accusing him of, I brought him²² down to their council.

God wanted (βουλόμενος) to demonstrate more clearly to the heirs of the promise that his purpose was unchangeable…so he intervened with an oath.²³ In each instance quoted above one with power and authority acted to satisfy his βουλόμενος.

When the ship carrying Paul as a prisoner to Rome began to sink (Acts 27:42, 43 NET):

…the soldiers’ plan (βουλὴ) was to kill the prisoners so that none of them would escape²⁴ by swimming away. But the centurion, wanting (βουλόμενος) to save Paul’s life, prevented them from carrying out their plan. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard²⁵ first and get to land.

It was not the relative strengths of the Greek words (βουλὴ vs. βουλόμενος) that carried the day, but the centurion’s authority over his soldiers. Likewise, When…Herod planned (βουλόμενος) to bring [Peter] out for public trial after the Passover,²⁶ there is every reason to believe he would have carried out his βουλόμενος if he had not been thwarted by a higher power with greater authority (Acts 12:6-11).

Knowing this, I can’t stand before the judgment seat of Christ, look Him in the eye and say to his face, “Your wish for all to come to repentance will never happen.” I’m all in, on Him, his power and his authority because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.

Tables comparing Isaiah 18:5; 25:8 and Hosea 13:14 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Isaiah 18:5; 25:8 and Hosea 13:14 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing 1 Corinthians 15:55; Revelation 20:14; 2 Corinthians 1:17; Acts 22:30; 23:28 and 27:42, 43 in the NET and KJV follow.

Isaiah 18:5 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 18:5 (KJV)	Isaiah 18:5 (NET)
For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches.	For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches.	For before the harvest, when the bud has sprouted and the ripening fruit appears, he will cut off the unproductive shoots with pruning knives; he will prune the tendrils.

Isaiah 18:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 18:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πρὸ τοῦ θερισμοῦ ὅταν συντελεσθῇ ἄνθος καὶ ὄμφαξ ἀνθήσῃ ἄνθος ὀμφακίζουσα καὶ ἀφελεῗ τὰ βοτρύδια τὰ μικρὰ τοῗς δρεπάνοις καὶ τὰς κληματίδας ἀφελεῗ καὶ κατακόψει	πρὸ τοῦ θερισμοῦ, ὅταν συντελεσθῇ ἄνθος καὶ ὄμφαξ ἐξανθήσῃ ἄνθος ὀμφακίζουσα, καὶ ἀφελεῖ τὰ βοτρύδια τὰ μικρὰ τοῖς δρεπάνοις καὶ τὰς κληματίδας ἀφελεῖ καὶ ἀποκόψει
Isaiah 18:5 (NETS)	Isaiah 18:5 (English Elpenor)
Before the harvest, when the blossom has been completed and the unripe grape blossoms—a grape-bearing blossom—then he will take away the little clusters with pruning hooks and take away the small branches and cut them off	Before the reaping time, when the flower has been completely formed, and the unripe grape has put forth its flower and blossomed, then shall he take away the little clusters with pruning-hooks, and shall take away the small branches, and cut them off;

Isaiah 25:8 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 25:8 (KJV)	Isaiah 25:8 (NET)
He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.	He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.	he will swallow up death permanently. The Sovereign Lord will wipe away the tears from every face, and remove his people’s disgrace from all the earth. Indeed, the Lord has announced it!

Isaiah 25:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 25:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατέπιεν ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας καὶ πάλιν ἀφεῗλεν ὁ θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἀπὸ παντὸς προσώπου τὸ ὄνειδος τοῦ λαοῦ ἀφεῗλεν ἀπὸ πάσης τῆς γῆς τὸ γὰρ στόμα κυρίου ἐλάλησεν	κατέπιεν ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας, καὶ πάλιν ἀφεῖλε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἀπὸ παντὸς προσώπου· τὸ ὄνειδος τοῦ λαοῦ ἀφεῖλεν ἀπὸ πάσης τῆς γῆς, τὸ γὰρ στόμα Κυρίου ἐλάλησε
Isaiah 25:8 (NETS)	Isaiah 25:8 (English Elpenor)
Death, having prevailed, swallowed them up, and God has again taken away every tear from every face; the disgrace of the people he has taken away from all the earth, for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.	Death has prevailed and swallowed [men] up; but again the Lord God has taken away every tear from every face. He has taken away the reproach of [his] people from all the earth: for the mouth off the Lord has spoken it.

Hosea 13:14 (Tanakh)	Hosea 13:14 (KJV)	Hosea 13:14 (NET)
I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.	I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.	Will I deliver them from the power of Sheol? No, I will not! Will I redeem them from death? No, I will not! O Death, bring on your plagues! O Sheol, bring on your destruction! My eyes will not show any compassion!

Hosea 13:14 (Septuagint BLB)	Hosea 13:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐκ χειρὸς ᾅδου ῥύσομαι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκ θανάτου λυτρώσομαι αὐτούς ποῦ ἡ δίκη σου θάνατε ποῦ τὸ κέντρον σου ᾅδη παράκλησις κέκρυπται ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν μου	ἐκ χειρὸς ᾅδου ῥύσομαι καὶ ἐκ θανάτου λυτρώσομαι αὐτούς, ποῦ ἡ δίκη σου, θάνατε; ποῦ τὸ κέντρον σου, ᾅδη; παράκλησις κέκρυπται ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν μου,
Hosea 13:14 (NETS)	Hosea 13:14 (English Elpenor)
I shall rescue them from the hand of Hades and shall redeem them from Death. O Death, where is your sentence? O Hades, where is your goad? Comfort is hidden from my eyes.	I will deliver [them] out of the power of Hades, and will redeem them from death: where is thy penalty, O death? O Hades, where is thy sting? comfort is hidden from mine eyes.

1 Corinthians 15:55 (NET)	1 Corinthians 15:55 (KJV)
“Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?”	O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος; ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον	που σου θανατε το κεντρον που σου αδη το νικος	που σου θανατε το κεντρον που σου αδη το νικος

Revelation 20:14 (NET)	Revelation 20:14 (KJV)
Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death—the lake of fire.	And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ὁ θάνατος καὶ ὁ ᾅδης ἐβλήθησαν εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρός. οὗτος ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος ἐστιν, ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός	και ο θανατος και ο αδης εβληθησαν εις την λιμνην του πυρος ουτος εστιν ο δευτερος θανατος	και ο θανατος και ο αδης εβληθησαν εις την λιμνην του πυρος ουτος ο θανατος ο δευτερος εστιν η λιμνη του πυρος

2 Corinthians 1:17 (NET)	2 Corinthians 1:17 (KJV)
Therefore when I was planning to do this, I did not do so without thinking about what I was doing, did I? Or do I make my plans according to mere human standards so that I would be saying both “Yes, yes” and “No, no” at the same time?	When I therefore was thus minded, did I use lightness? or the things that I purpose, do I purpose according to the flesh, that with me there should be yea yea, and nay nay?

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
τοῦτο οὖν βουλόμενος μήτι ἄρα τῇ ἐλαφρίᾳ ἐχρησάμην; ἢ ἃ βουλεύομαι κατὰ σάρκα βουλεύομαι, ἵνα ᾖ παρ᾿ ἐμοὶ τὸ ναὶ ναὶ καὶ τὸ οὒ οὔ	τουτο ουν βουλευομενος μη τι αρα τη ελαφρια εχρησαμην η α βουλευομαι κατα σαρκα βουλευομαι ινα η παρ εμοι το ναι ναι και το ου ου	τουτο ουν βουλευομενος μη τι αρα τη ελαφρια εχρησαμην η α βουλευομαι κατα σαρκα βουλευομαι ινα η παρ εμοι το ναι ναι και το ου ου

Acts 22:30 (NET)	Acts 22:30 (KJV)
The next day, because the commanding officer wanted to know the true reason Paul was being accused by the Jews, he released him and ordered the chief priests and the whole council to assemble. He then brought Paul down and had him stand before them.	On the morrow, because he would have known the certainty wherefore he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him from his bands, and commanded the chief priests and all their council to appear, and brought Paul down, and set him before them.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον βουλόμενος γνῶναι τὸ ἀσφαλές, τὸ τί κατηγορεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἔλυσεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐκέλευσεν συνελθεῖν τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ πᾶν τὸ συνέδριον, καὶ καταγαγὼν τὸν Παῦλον ἔστησεν εἰς αὐτούς	τη δε επαυριον βουλομενος γνωναι το ασφαλες το τι κατηγορειται παρα των ιουδαιων ελυσεν αυτον απο των δεσμων και εκελευσεν ελθειν τους αρχιερεις και ολον το συνεδριον αυτων και καταγαγων τον παυλον εστησεν εις αυτους	τη δε επαυριον βουλομενος γνωναι το ασφαλες το τι κατηγορειται παρα των ιουδαιων ελυσεν αυτον απο των δεσμων και εκελευσεν ελθειν τους αρχιερεις και ολον το συνεδριον αυτων και καταγαγων τον παυλον εστησεν εις αυτους

Acts 23:28 (NET)	Acts 23:28 (KJV)
Since I wanted to know what charge they were accusing him of, I brought him down to their council.	And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him forth into their council:

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
βουλόμενος τε ἐπιγνῶναι τὴν αἰτίαν δι᾿ ἣν ἐνεκάλουν αὐτῷ, \|κατήγαγον εἰς τὸ συνέδριον αὐτῶν\|	βουλομενος δε γνωναι την αιτιαν δι ην ενεκαλουν αυτω κατηγαγον αυτον εις το συνεδριον αυτων	βουλομενος δε γνωναι την αιτιαν δι ην ενεκαλουν αυτω κατηγαγον αυτον εις το συνεδριον αυτων

Acts 27:42, 43 (NET)	Acts 27:42, 43 (KJV)
Now the soldiers’ plan was to kill the prisoners so that none of them would escape by swimming away.	And the soldiers’ counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
Τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν βουλὴ ἐγένετο ἵνα τοὺς δεσμώτας ἀποκτείνωσιν, μή τις ἐκκολυμβήσας διαφύγῃ	των δε στρατιωτων βουλη εγενετο ινα τους δεσμωτας αποκτεινωσιν μη τις εκκολυμβησας διαφυγοι	των δε στρατιωτων βουλη εγενετο ινα τους δεσμωτας αποκτεινωσιν μη τις εκκολυμβησας διαφυγη

But the centurion, wanting to save Paul’s life, prevented them from carrying out their plan. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard first and get to land,

But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land:

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ὁ δὲ ἑκατοντάρχης βουλόμενος διασῶσαι τὸν Παῦλον ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος, ἐκέλευσεν τε τοὺς δυναμένους κολυμβᾶν ἀπορίψαντας πρώτους ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐξιέναι	ο δε εκατονταρχος βουλομενος διασωσαι τον παυλον εκωλυσεν αυτους του βουληματος εκελευσεν τε τους δυναμενους κολυμβαν απορριψαντας πρωτους επι την γην εξιεναι	ο δε εκατονταρχος βουλομενος διασωσαι τον παυλον εκωλυσεν αυτους του βουληματος εκελευσεν τε τους δυναμενους κολυμβαν απορριψαντας πρωτους επι την γην εξιεναι

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 12

Back to The Book of Life, Part 1

Back to The Book of Life, Part 2

Back to Christianity, Part 1

Back to Who Am I? Part 16

¹ Isaiah 1:25; 10:13

² 1 Corinthians 15:54b (NET)

³ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had νῖκος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had κέντρον (KJV: sting).

⁴ John 17:3b (NET)

⁵ 2 Peter 3:5, 6 (NET)

⁶ 2 Peter 3:7 (NET) Table

⁷ 2 Peter 3:10b (NET) Table

⁸ 2 Peter 3:13 (NET)

⁹ 2 Peter 3:9 (NET) Table

¹⁰ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had the article ὁ preceding death. The Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

¹¹ Revelation 20:14 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

¹² In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ planning to do (NET) was βουλόμενος, but in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text When I…was…minded was βουλευομενος.

¹³ Mark 15:15a (NET)

¹⁴ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ὑπὸ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had παρα (KJV: of).

¹⁵ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απο των δεσμων (KJV: from his bands) following released him (KJV: loosed him). The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had πᾶν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ολον (KJV: all).

¹⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτων (KJV: their) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁸ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had συνελθεῖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ελθειν (KJV: to appear).

¹⁹ Acts 22:30 (NET)

²⁰ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had τε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had δε (KJV: And).

²¹ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐπιγνῶναι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γνωναι (KJV: have known).

²² The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτον here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

²³ Hebrews 6:17 (NET)

²⁴ The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text had διαφύγῃ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus had διαφυγοι.

²⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἀπορίψαντας here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απορριψαντας (KJV: should cast themselves…into the sea).

²⁶ Acts 12:4b (NET)

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 8

Posted on March 7, 2022 by admin

This is a continuation of my consideration of God’s love for Satan revealed in the book of Job. I’ve stepped away some from the main topic to consider Satan’s power if and only if the Lord removes the hedge (śûḵ, שׁכת) He has made around Job and his household and all that he has on every side.¹ And this was the experiment Satan proposed to test his hypothesis explaining Job’s fear (yārē’, ירא; Septuagint: σέβεται, a form of σέβω, worship) of God.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 1:17 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 1:17 (NET)	Job 1:17 (NETS)	Job 1:17 (English Elpenor)
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “The Chaldeans formed three bands and made a raid on the camels and carried them all away, and they killed the servants with the sword! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”	While he was still speaking, a further messenger came and said to Iob, “Horsemen formed three columns against us, and they encircled the camels and carried them off and killed the servants with daggers, but I alone escaped, and I came to tell you.”	While he was yet speaking, there came another messenger, and said to Job, The horsemen formed three companies against us, and surrounded the camels, and took them for a prey, and slew the servants with the sword; and I only escaped, and am come to tell thee.

I called this kind of power “Satan 101”: persuading unscrupulous people—who may have been lusting after Job’s camels already—that this was the opportune moment to strike. Something else needs to be addressed here, however, the formula: While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said…and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. This formula will be repeated one more time.

This side of the judgment seat of Christ it seems most prudent to me to assume that this is the way events unfolded. It’s what the text says. But if I sit down with Job someday and he says, “No, no, it happened over a week,” or a month or six months, I won’t be offended. Something about the way the book of Job is constructed tells me I’m reading a dramatic retelling of a true story.

According to “A Glossary of Terms Essential to Describing Literature in the English Major (rev. 9/26/01)” online:

time compression/expansion [is] a dramatic or narrative device by which an author manipulates characters’ and readers’ emotions through speeding up or slowing down the apparent rate of time on the stage or in time.

Though I find it difficult to imagine the culture that might enjoy a presentation of Job as entertainment and edification, it’s fairly easy to recognize that this repeated formula could create a ripple of nervous laughter in an audience, comic relief to ease the tension of the horrors portrayed on stage.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 1:18 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 1:18 (NET)	Job 1:18 (NETS)	Job 1:18 (English Elpenor)
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, Thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother’s house:	While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house,	While he was still speaking, another messenger came, saying to Job, “As your sons and daughters were eating and drinking at their elder brother’s,	While he is yet speaking, another messenger comes, saying to Job, While thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking with their elder brother,

If I am standing before the judgment seat of Christ and He asks why I believed that all these things happened to Job in a short period of time, I can answer: While the statement at the beginning of this section—And there was a day when his sons and his daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother’s house²—seems out of place at first, the final messenger’s repetition of that very statement seems to indicate that you wanted me to know that all of this occurred during the course of this meal.

If on the other hand Jesus asks why I believed that these events and their revelations happened over the course of a week or a month or six months, I would be left stuttering and stammering something I learned in an English class at school about dramatic writing and time compression.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 1:19 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 1:19 (NET)	Job 1:19 (NETS)	Job 1:19 (English Elpenor)
And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men (הַנְּעָרִ֖ים), and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	and suddenly a great wind swept across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young people (naʿar, הנערים), and they died! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”	suddenly a great wind came from the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and the house fell on your children (τὰ παιδία σου), and they died, but I alone escaped, and I came to tell you.”	suddenly a great wind came on from the desert, and caught the four corners of the house, and the house fell upon thy children (τὰ παιδία σου), and they are dead; and I have escaped alone, and am come to tell thee.

Satan had power over the wind to destroy a house and take human life if and only if God gave him leave to do so. “All right then,” the Lord said to Satan when He authorized his scientific experiment, “everything he has is in your power (literally: in your hand). Only do not extend your hand against the man himself!”³ As scientific experiments go, this one was brutal.

Admittedly, I don’t feel it fully until Job’s children were killed, but the Hebrew word in the Masoretic text for servants and young people was the same [see the table below]. God, I believe, felt everything of the cost of this scientific experiment before He authorized it and loved Satan enough to proceed anyway. But what about Job’s children and servants?

A story Jesus told comes to mind here (Luke 16:19-21 NET):

“There was a rich man who dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. But at his gate lay⁴ a poor man (πτωχὸς) named Lazarus whose body was covered with sores,⁵ who longed to eat⁶ what fell from the rich man’s table. In addition, the dogs came and licked⁷ his sores.

In another essay I approached this story from the viewpoint of Jesus’ saying, “How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!”⁸ I wrote that his disciples “believed that the rich were blessed by God, that their wealth was a sign of his approval and favor. And I assume they believed this because their religious teachers believed and taught it.” I am right there with them, however, if I consider the blessings and curses Moses pronounced on Israel.

Deuteronomy 28:2-6, 8 (NET)	Deuteronomy 28:15-19, 21 (NET)
All these blessings will come to you in abundance if you obey the Lord your God:	But if you ignore the Lord your God and are not careful to keep all his commandments and statutes I am giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you in full force:
You will be blessed in the city and blessed in the field.	You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the field.
Your children will be blessed, as well as the produce of your soil, the offspring of your livestock, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks.	Your basket and your mixing bowl will be cursed.
Your basket and your mixing bowl will be blessed.	Your children will be cursed, as well as the produce of your soil, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks.
You will be blessed when you come in and blessed when you go out.	You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out.
The Lord will decree blessing for you with respect to your barns and in everything you do—yes, he will bless you in the land he is giving you.	The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess.

If I judge according to external appearance,⁹ I can be as surprised as Jesus’ disciples were (Luke 16:22, 23 NET)

“Now the poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham’s¹⁰ side. The rich man also died and was buried. And in Hades (ᾅδῃ, a form of ᾅδης), as he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham¹¹ far off with Lazarus at his side.

“God does not view things the way people do,” the Lord said to Samuel. “People look on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.”¹² Jesus continued (Luke 16:24, 25 NET):

So [the rich man] called out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue because I am in anguish in this fire.’ But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that¹³ in your lifetime you received your good things and Lazarus likewise bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in anguish.

I wrote that this entire story “is not to be taken too literally” when I thought that literally meant to take it as a picture of heaven and hell (the lake of fire). I called Abraham’s response to the rich man “karmic nonsense” until I began to consider that “God’s love [for Lazarus] was revealed after Lazarus’ death.” I stumbled around his response again considering God’s goodness and patience: The Lord…is being patient toward you because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.¹⁴

So here I am again, brought to this story wondering about the deaths of Job’s children and servants. Perhaps I’m ready now to take it and Abraham’s response to the rich man literally. The Lord knew the rich man’s life, choked by thorns: The seed sown among thorns is the person who hears the word, but worldly cares and the seductiveness of wealth choke the word, so it produces nothing.¹⁵ After his death he is brought to an intense focus.

And I no longer feel compelled to assume that the poor man was faithful or virtuous because angels carried him to Abraham’s side if I take Abraham at his word: Lazarus [received] bad things, but now he is comforted here. Abraham continued to answer the request of the rich man (Luke 16:26 NET Table):

Besides all this, a great chasm has been fixed between us, so that those who want to cross over from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.’

The rich man, Abraham and Lazarus were not spirits likened to wind, free to go wherever they wanted. They were imprisoned, compelled as it were to focus their attentions. The rich man said (Luke 16:27, 28 NET):

‘Then I beg you, father—send Lazarus to my father’s house (for I have five brothers) to warn them so that they don’t come into this place of torment.’

Both the rich man and Lazarus had no less a personage than Abraham, the father of us all, to focus their attentions precisely (Luke 16:29 NET):

But¹⁶ Abraham said,¹⁷ ‘They have¹⁸ Moses¹⁹ and the prophets; they must respond to them.’

Their deaths had not altered the fact that the Bible (as it existed at that time)—Moses and the prophets—remained the primary focus of human attention. The rich man wanted to argue but Abraham was firm (Luke 16:30, 31 NET):

Then the rich man said, ‘No, father Abraham, but if someone from the dead goes to them, they will repent.’ He replied to him, ‘If they do not respond to Moses²⁰ and the prophets, they will not²¹ be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’”

I’m embarrassed how often I’ve missed what is now so clear in this context: Abraham learned everything he knew of Moses and the prophets who followed him from his own place in Hades after his death. I can trust Job’s children and servants to the grace and mercy of God.

The table mentioned above follows:

Reference	Hebrew	Tanakh/KJV, NET	Greek	NETS, English Elpenor
Job 1:15 Table	הַנְּעָרִ֖ים	the servants	τοὺς παῖδας	the servants
Job 1:16 Table	וּבַנְּעָרִ֖ים	and the servants	καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας	the shepherds
Job 1:17	הַנְּעָרִ֖ים	the servants	τοὺς παῖδας	the servants
Job 1:19	הַנְּעָרִ֖ים	the young men, the young people	τὰ παιδία σου	your children, thy children

Tables comparing Job 1:17; 1:18; 1:19; Deuteronomy 28:2; 28:15; 28:3; 28:16; 28:4; 28:17; 28:5; 28:18; 28:6; 28:19; 28:8; 28:21 and 1 Samuel 16:7 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Job 1:17; 1:18; 1:19; Deuteronomy 28:2; 28:15; 28:3; 28:16; 28:4; 28:17; 28:5; 28:18; 28:6; 28:19; 28:8; 28:21 and 1 Samuel (1 Reigns, 1 Kings) 16:7 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Luke 16:20, 21; 16:22, 23; 16:25; 16:29 and 16:31 in the NET and KJV follow.

Job 1:17 (Tanakh)	Job 1:17 (KJV)	Job 1:17 (NET)
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “The Chaldeans formed three bands and made a raid on the camels and carried them all away, and they killed the servants with the sword! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”

Job 1:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἦλθεν ἕτερος ἄγγελος καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Ιωβ οἱ ἱππεῗς ἐποίησαν ἡμῗν κεφαλὰς τρεῗς καὶ ἐκύκλωσαν τὰς καμήλους καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αὐτὰς καὶ τοὺς παῗδας ἀπέκτειναν ἐν μαχαίραις ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῗλαί σοι	ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἦλθεν ἕτερος ἄγγελος καὶ εἶπε πρὸς ᾿Ιώβ· οἱ ἱππεῖς ἐποίησαν ἡμῖν κεφαλὰς τρεῖς καὶ ἐκύκλωσαν τὰς καμήλους καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αὐτὰς καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπέκτειναν ἐν μαχαίραις· ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοι
Job 1:17 (NETS)	Job 1:17 (English Elpenor)
While he was still speaking, a further messenger came and said to Iob, “Horsemen formed three columns against us, and they encircled the camels and carried them off and killed the servants with daggers, but I alone escaped, and I came to tell you.”	While he was yet speaking, there came another messenger, and said to Job, The horsemen formed three companies against us, and surrounded the camels, and took them for a prey, and slew the servants with the sword; and I only escaped, and am come to tell thee.

Job 1:18 (Tanakh)	Job 1:18 (KJV)	Job 1:18 (NET)
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, Thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother’s house:	While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, Thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother’s house:	While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house,

Job 1:18 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἔρχεται λέγων τῷ Ιωβ τῶν υἱῶν σου καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων σου ἐσθιόντων καὶ πινόντων παρὰ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτῶν τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ	ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἔρχεται λέγων τῷ ᾿Ιώβ· τῶν υἱῶν σου καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων σου ἐσθιόντων καὶ πινόντων παρὰ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτῶν τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ
Job 1:18 (NETS)	Job 1:18 (English Elpenor)
While he was still speaking, another messenger came, saying to Job, “As your sons and daughters were eating and drinking at their elder brother’s,	While he is yet speaking, another messenger comes, saying to Job, Whle thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking with their elder brother,

Job 1:19 (Tanakh)	Job 1:19 (KJV)	Job 1:19 (NET)
And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.	and suddenly a great wind swept across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young people, and they died! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”

Job 1:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 1:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐξαίφνης πνεῦμα μέγα ἐπῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου καὶ ἥψατο τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς οἰκίας καὶ ἔπεσεν ἡ οἰκία ἐπὶ τὰ παιδία σου καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῗλαί σοι	ἐξαίφνης πνεῦμα μέγα ἐπῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου καὶ ἥψατο τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς οἰκίας, καὶ ἔπεσεν ἡ οἰκία ἐπὶ τὰ παιδία σου, καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν· ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοι
Job 1:19 (NETS)	Job 1:19 (English Elpenor)
suddenly a great wind came from the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and the house fell on your children, and they died, but I alone escaped, and I came to tell you.”	suddenly a great wind came on from the desert, and caught the four corners of the house, and the house fell upon thy children, and they are dead; and I have escaped alone, and am come to tell thee.

Deuteronomy 28:2 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:2 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:2 (NET)
And all these blessings shall come upon thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of HaShem thy G-d.	And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God.	All these blessings will come to you in abundance if you obey the Lord your God:

Deuteronomy 28:2 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἥξουσιν ἐπὶ σὲ πᾶσαι αἱ εὐλογίαι αὗται καὶ εὑρήσουσίν σε ἐὰν ἀκοῇ ἀκούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου	καὶ ἥξουσιν ἐπὶ σὲ πᾶσαι αἱ εὐλογίαι αὗται καὶ εὑρήσουσί σε, ἐὰν ἀκοῇ ἀκούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου
Deuteronomy 28:2 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:2 (English Elpenor)
and all these blessing shall come upon you and find you, if you hear the voice of the Lord your God:	and all these blessings shall come upon thee, and shall find thee. If thou wilt indeed hear the voice of the Lord thy God,

Deuteronomy 28:15 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:15 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:15 (NET)
But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of HaShem thy G-d, to observe to do all His commandments and His statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee.	But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee:	But if you ignore the Lord your God and are not careful to keep all his commandments and statutes I am giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you in full force:

Deuteronomy 28:15 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν μὴ εἰσακούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου φυλάσσειν καὶ ποιεῗν πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον καὶ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ σὲ πᾶσαι αἱ κατάραι αὗται καὶ καταλήμψονταί σε	Καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν μὴ εἰσακούσῃς τῆς φωνῆς Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου, φυλάσσειν καὶ ποιεῖν πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ, ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον, καὶ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ σὲ πᾶσαι αἱ κατάραι αὗται καὶ καταλήψονταί σε
Deuteronomy 28:15 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:15 (English Elpenor)
And it shall be, if you do not listen to the voice of the Lord your God to keep and to do all his commandments, which I command you today, that all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you:	But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken to the voice of the Lord thy God, to observe all his commandments, as many as I charge thee this day, then all these curses shall come on thee, and overtake thee.

Deuteronomy 28:3 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:3 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:3 (NET)
Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field.	Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field.	You will be blessed in the city and blessed in the field.

Deuteronomy 28:3 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν πόλει καὶ εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν ἀγρῷ	εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν πόλει καὶ εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν ἀγρῷ
Deuteronomy 28:3 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:3 (English Elpenor)
Blessed be you in the city, and blessed be you in the field.	blessed [shalt] thou [be] in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field.

Deuteronomy 28:16 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:16 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:16 (NET)
Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.	Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.	You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the field.

Deuteronomy 28:16 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν πόλει καὶ ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν ἀγρῷ	ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν πόλει, καὶ ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν ἀγρῷ
Deuteronomy 28:16 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:16 (English Elpenor)
Cursed be you in the city, and cursed be you in the field.	Cursed [shalt] thou [be] in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.

Deuteronomy 28:4 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:4 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:4 (NET)
Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the young of thy flock.	Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.	Your children will be blessed, as well as the produce of your soil, the offspring of your livestock, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks.

Deuteronomy 28:4 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημένα τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ τὰ γενήματα τῆς γῆς σου τὰ βουκόλια τῶν βοῶν σου καὶ τὰ ποίμνια τῶν προβάτων σου	εὐλογημένα τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ τὰ γενήματα τῆς γῆς σου καὶ τὰ βουκόλια τῶν βοῶν σου καὶ τὰ ποίμνια τῶν προβάτων σου
Deuteronomy 28:4 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:4 (English Elpenor)
Blessed be the progeny of your belly and the produce of your land, the herds of your cows and the flocks of your sheep.	Blessed shall be the offspring of thy body, and the fruits of thy land, and the herds of thy oxen, and the flocks of thy sheep.

Deuteronomy 28:17 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:17 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:17 (NET)
Cursed shall be thy basket and thy kneading-trough.	Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store.	Your basket and your mixing bowl will be cursed.

Deuteronomy 28:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπικατάρατοι αἱ ἀποθῆκαί σου καὶ τὰ ἐγκαταλείμματά σου	ἐπικατάρατοι αἱ ἀποθῆκαί σου καὶ τὰ ἐγκαταλείμματά σου
Deuteronomy 28:17 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:17 (English Elpenor)
Cursed be your storehouses and your reserves.	Cursed shall be thy barns and thy stores.

Deuteronomy 28:5 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:5 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:5 (NET)
Blessed shall be thy basket and thy kneading-trough.	Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store.	Your basket and your mixing bowl will be blessed.

Deuteronomy 28:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημέναι αἱ ἀποθῆκαί σου καὶ τὰ ἐγκαταλείμματά σου	εὐλογημέναι αἱ ἀποθῆκαί σου καὶ τὰ ἐγκαταλείμματά σου
Deuteronomy 28:5 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:5 (English Elpenor)
Blessed be your storehouses and your reserves.	Blessed shall be thy barns, and thy stores.

Deuteronomy 28:18 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:18 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:18 (NET)
Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the young of thy flock.	Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.	Your children will be cursed, as well as the produce of your soil, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks.

Deuteronomy 28:18 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπικατάρατα τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ τὰ γενήματα τῆς γῆς σου τὰ βουκόλια τῶν βοῶν σου καὶ τὰ ποίμνια τῶν προβάτων σου	ἐπικατάρατα τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ τὰ γενήματα τῆς γῆς σου, τὰ βουκόλια τῶν βοῶν σου καὶ τὰ ποίμνια τῶν προβάτων σου
Deuteronomy 28:18 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:18 (English Elpenor)
Cursed be the progeny of your belly and the produce of your land, the herds of your cows and the flocks of your sheep.	Cursed shall be the offspring of thy body, and the fruits of thy land, the herds of thine oxen, and the flocks of thy sheep.

Deuteronomy 28:6 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:6 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:6 (NET)
Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou be when thou goest out.	Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou be when thou goest out.	You will be blessed when you come in and blessed when you go out.

Deuteronomy 28:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαί σε καὶ εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαί σε	εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαί σε, καὶ εὐλογημένος σὺ ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαί σε
Deuteronomy 28:6 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:6 (English Elpenor)
Blessed be you when you come in, and blessed be you when you go out.	Blessed shalt thou be in thy coming in, and blessed shalt thou be in thy going out.

Deuteronomy 28:19 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:19 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:19 (NET)
Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.	Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.	You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out.

Deuteronomy 28:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαί σε καὶ ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαί σε	ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαί σε καὶ ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαί σε
Deuteronomy 28:19 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:19 (English Elpenor)
Cursed be you when you come in, and cursed be you when you go out.	And all the people fell upon their faces, and said, Truly the Lord [is] God; he [is] God.

Deuteronomy 28:8 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:8 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:8 (NET)
HaShem will command the blessing with thee in thy barns, and in all that thou puttest thy hand unto; and He will bless thee in the land which HaShem thy G-d giveth thee.	The LORD shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and he shall bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.	The Lord will decree blessing for you with respect to your barns and in everything you do—yes, he will bless you in the land he is giving you.

Deuteronomy 28:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀποστείλαι κύριος ἐπὶ σὲ τὴν εὐλογίαν ἐν τοῗς ταμιείοις σου καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν οὗ ἂν ἐπιβάλῃς τὴν χεῗρά σου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι	ἀποστείλαι Κύριος ἐπὶ σὲ τὴν εὐλογίαν ἐν τοῖς ταμιείοις σου καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα, οὗ ἂν ἐπιβάλῃς τὴν χεῖρά σου, ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἧς Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι
Deuteronomy 28:8 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:8 (English Elpenor)
May the Lord send the blessing upon you in your storerooms and in all things to which you put your hand in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.	The Lord send upon thee his blessing in thy barns, and on all on which thou shalt put thine hand, in the land which the Lord thy God gives thee.

Deuteronomy 28:21 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 28:21 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 28:21 (NET)
HaShem will make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until He have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest in to possess it.	The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess it.	The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess.

Deuteronomy 28:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 28:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
προσκολλήσαι κύριος εἰς σὲ τὸν θάνατον ἕως ἂν ἐξαναλώσῃ σε ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς εἰς ἣν σὺ εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῗ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν	προσκολλήσαι Κύριος εἰς σὲ τὸν θάνατον, ἕως ἂν ἐξαναλώσῃ σε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν
Deuteronomy 28:21 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 28:21 (English Elpenor)
May the Lord make death cling to you until it consumes you off the land that you are entering there to inherit it.	The Lord cause the pestilence to cleave to thee, until he shall have consumed thee off the land into which thou goest to inherit it.

1 Samuel 16:7 (Tanakh)	1 Samuel 16:7 (KJV)	1 Samuel 16:7 (NET)
But HaShem said unto Samuel: ‘Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have rejected him; for it is not as man seeth: for man looketh on the outward appearance, but HaShem looketh on the heart.’	But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.	But the Lord said to Samuel, “Don’t be impressed by his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. God does not view things the way people do. People look on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.”

1 Samuel 16:7 (Septuagint BLB)	1 Kings 16:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Σαμουηλ μὴ ἐπιβλέψῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτοῦ μηδὲ εἰς τὴν ἕξιν μεγέθους αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἐξουδένωκα αὐτόν ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἐμβλέψεται ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται ὁ θεός ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον ὁ δὲ θεὸς ὄψεται εἰς καρδίαν	καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Σαμουήλ· μὴ ἐπιβλέψῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτοῦ μηδὲ εἰς τὴν ἕξιν μεγέθους αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐξουδένωκα αὐτόν· ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἐμβλέψεται ἄνθρωπος, ὄψεται ὁ Θεός, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον, ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ὄψεται εἰς καρδίαν
1 Reigns 16:7 (NETS)	1 Kings 16:7 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord said to Samouel, “Do not look on his appearance or on the posture of his size, because I have rejected him, for God will not look as a mortal will see, for a mortal will see into a face, but God will see into a heart.”	But the Lord said to Samuel, Look not on his appearance, nor on his stature, for I have rejected him; for God sees not as man looks; for man looks at the outward appearance, but God looks at the heart.

Luke 16:20, 21 (NET)	Luke 16:20, 21 (KJV)
But at his gate lay a poor man named Lazarus whose body was covered with sores,	And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores,

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
πτωχὸς δέ τις ὀνόματι Λάζαρος ἐβέβλητο πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ εἱλκωμένος	πτωχος δε τις ην ονοματι λαζαρος ος εβεβλητο προς τον πυλωνα αυτου ηλκωμενος	πτωχος δε τις ην ονοματι λαζαρος ος εβεβλητο προς τον πυλωνα αυτου ηλκωμενος

who longed to eat what fell from the rich man’s table. In addition, the dogs came and licked his sores

And desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man’s table: moreover the dogs came and licked his sores.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἐπιθυμῶν χορτασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τοῦ πλουσίου· ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ κύνες ἐρχόμενοι ἐπέλειχον τὰ ἕλκη αὐτοῦ	και επιθυμων χορτασθηναι απο των ψιχιων των πιπτοντων απο της τραπεζης του πλουσιου αλλα και οι κυνες ερχομενοι απελειχον τα ελκη αυτου	και επιθυμων χορτασθηναι απο των ψιχιων των πιπτοντων απο της τραπεζης του πλουσιου αλλα και οι κυνες ερχομενοι απελειχον τα ελκη αυτου

Luke 16:22, 23 (NET)	Luke 16:22,23 (KJV)
“Now the poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham’s side. The rich man also died and was buried.	And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham’s bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried;

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
ἐγένετο δὲ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν πτωχὸν καὶ ἀπενεχθῆναι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἰς τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ· ἀπέθανεν δὲ καὶ ὁ πλούσιος καὶ ἐτάφη	εγενετο δε αποθανειν τον πτωχον και απενεχθηναι αυτον υπο των αγγελων εις τον κολπον του αβρααμ απεθανεν δε και ο πλουσιος και εταφη	εγενετο δε αποθανειν τον πτωχον και απενεχθηναι αυτον υπο των αγγελων εις τον κολπον αβρααμ απεθανεν δε και ο πλουσιος και εταφη

And in Hades, as he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far off with Lazarus at his side.

And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις, ὁρᾷ Ἀβραὰμ ἀπὸ μακρόθεν καὶ Λάζαρον ἐν τοῖς κόλποις αὐτοῦ	και εν τω αδη επαρας τους οφθαλμους αυτου υπαρχων εν βασανοις ορα τον αβρααμ απο μακροθεν και λαζαρον εν τοις κολποις αυτου	και εν τω αδη επαρας τους οφθαλμους αυτου υπαρχων εν βασανοις ορα τον αβρααμ απο μακροθεν και λαζαρον εν τοις κολποις αυτου

Luke 16:25 (NET)	Luke 16:25 (KJV)
But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things and Lazarus likewise bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in anguish.	But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
εἶπεν δὲ Ἀβραάμ· τέκνον, μνήσθητι ὅτι ἀπέλαβες τὰ ἀγαθά σου ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου, καὶ Λάζαρος ὁμοίως τὰ κακά· νῦν δὲ ὧδε παρακαλεῖται, σὺ δὲ ὀδυνᾶσαι	ειπεν δε αβρααμ τεκνον μνησθητι οτι απελαβες συ τα αγαθα σου εν τη ζωη σου και λαζαρος ομοιως τα κακα νυν δε οδε παρακαλειται συ δε οδυνασαι	ειπεν δε αβρααμ τεκνον μνησθητι οτι απελαβες συ τα αγαθα σου εν τη ζωη σου και λαζαρος ομοιως τα κακα νυν δε ωδε παρακαλειται συ δε οδυνασαι

Luke 16:29 (NET)	Luke 16:29 (KJV)
But Abraham said, ‘They have Moses and the prophets; they must respond to them.’	Abraham saith unto him, They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
λέγει δὲ Ἀβραάμ· ἔχουσι Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας· ἀκουσάτωσαν αὐτῶν	λεγει αυτω αβρααμ εχουσιν μωσεα και τους προφητας ακουσατωσαν αυτων	λεγει αυτω αβρααμ εχουσιν μωσεα και τους προφητας ακουσατωσαν αυτων

Luke 16:31 (NET)	Luke 16:31 (KJV)
He replied to him, ‘If they do not respond to Moses and the prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’”	And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead.

NET Parallel Greek	Stephanus Textus Receptus	Byzantine Majority Text
εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ· εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδ᾿ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ πεισθήσονται	ειπεν δε αυτω ει μωσεως και των προφητων ουκ ακουουσιν ουδε εαν τις εκ νεκρων αναστη πεισθησονται	ειπεν δε αυτω ει μωσεως και των προφητων ουκ ακουουσιν ουδε εαν τις εκ νεκρων αναστη πεισθησονται

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 9

Back to Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 11

Back to The Book of Life, Part 1

Back to The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 11

Back to Nothing True, Part 2

Back to Nothing True, Part 5

Back to Wonders and False Wonders, Part 3

Back to Who Am I? Part 16

Back to Luke 8:22-56

¹ Job 1:10a (NET) Table

² Job 1:13 (Tanakh, KJV) Table

³ Job 1:12 (NET) Table

⁴ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ος (KJV: which) preceding lay (KJV: was laid). The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁵ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had εἱλκωμένος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ηλκωμενος (KJV: full of sores).

⁶ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had των ψιχιων (KJV: the crumbs) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

⁷ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had ἐπέλειχον here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had απελειχον.

⁸ Mark 10:23b (NET)

⁹ John 7:24a (NET)

¹⁰ The Stephanus Textus Receptus had του preceding Abraham’s here. The NET parallel Greek text, NA²⁸ and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

¹¹ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τον preceding Abraham. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹² 1 Samuel 16:7b (NET)

¹³ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had συ (KJV: thou) following that. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁴ 2 Peter 3:9 (NET) Table

¹⁵ Matthew 13:22 (NET) Table

¹⁶ The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had δὲ here. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

¹⁷ The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αυτω (KJV: unto him) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ did not.

¹⁸ The NET parallel Greek text had ἔχουσι here, where the NA²⁸, Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ἔχουσιν.

¹⁹ In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ Moses was spelled Μωϋσέα, and μωσεα in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

²⁰ In the NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ Moses was spelled Μωϋσέως, and μωσεως in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

²¹The NET parallel Greek text and NA²⁸ had οὐδ᾿ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ουδε (KJV: neither).

Psalm 22, Part 12

Posted on February 1, 2022 by admin

This is a continuing look into Psalm 22 as the music in Jesus’ heart as He endured the cross.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 22:21 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 22:21 (NET)	Psalm 21:22 (NETS)	Psalm 21:22 (Elpenor English)
Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns (רֵמִ֣ים).	Rescue me from the mouth of the lion and from the horns of the wild oxen (rᵊ’ēm, רמים). You have answered me.	Save me from a lion’s mouth, and my lowliness from the horns of unicorns (μονοκερώτων)!	Save me from the lion’s mouth; and [regard] my lowliness from the horns of the unicorns (μονοκερώτων).

The English word unicorn conjures an image “of fantasy or rarity^[4]” in my mind (see picture), much like what is described in the Wikipedia article titled Unicorn.

The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.

In European literature and art, the unicorn has for the last thousand years or so been depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long straight horn with spiralling grooves, cloven hooves, and sometimes a goat’s beard…In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as a unicorn horn.

…An equine form of the unicorn was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, Aelian^[2] and Cosmas Indicopleustes.^[3]

The note (50) in the NET reads:

The Hebrew term רֵמִים (remim) appears to be an alternate spelling of רְאֵמִים (rʾemim, “wild oxen”; see BDB 910 s.v. רְאֵם).

The Tanakh on chabad.org had wild oxen for רֵמִ֣ים (rᵊ’ēm). Though both English translations of the Septuagint had unicorns for μονοκερώτων (a form of μονόκερως), rhinoceros was also listed as a possible definition. Whatever this animal was called, יהוה (Yᵊhōvâ), the Lord (NET), gave a fairly detailed description of its relationship to human beings.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Job 39:9-12 (Tanakh/KJV)	Job 39:9-12 (NET)	Job 39:9-12 (NETS)	Job 39:9-12 (English Elpenor)
Will the unicorn (רֵ֣ים) be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?	Is the wild ox (rᵊ’ēm, רים) willing to be your servant? Will it spend the night at your feeding trough?	“And will the unicorn (μονόκερως) be willing to be your slave or to lie down at your manger?	And will the unicorn (μονόκερως) be willing to serve thee, or to lie down at thy manger?
Canst thou bind the unicorn (רֵ֖ים) with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?	Can you bind the wild ox (rᵊ’ēm, רים) to a furrow with its rope; will it till the valleys, following after you?	And will you bind its yoke with straps, or will it draw your furrows in the plain?	And wilt thou bind his yoke with thongs, or will he plough furrows for thee in the plain?
Wilt thou trust (הֲתִבְטַח) him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him?	Will you rely (bāṭaḥ, התבטח) on it because its strength is great? Will you commit your labor to it?	Again, do you trust (πέποιθας) it, because its strength is great, and will you discharge to it your work?	And dost thou trust (πέποιθας) him, because his strength is great? and wilt thou commit thy works to him?
Wilt thou believe (הֲתַֽאֲמִ֣ין) him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?	Can you count (‘āman, התאמין) on it to bring in your grain and gather the grain to your threshing floor?	And will you believe (πιστεύσεις) that it will return your seed to you and bring it to your threshing floor?	And wilt thou believe (πιστεύσεις) that he will return to thee thy seed, and bring [it] in [to] thy threshing-floor?

Though strong and probably admired for its strength, this animal was wild, not particularly useful or trustworthy for any necessary work. Here again רֵ֣ים (rᵊ’ēm) was translated wild ox in the Tanakh on chabad.org.

In the table below the behavior of a calf (ʿēḡel, עֵ֑גֶל) was compared to that of a young unicorn (rᵊ’ēm, רְאֵמִֽים) in the Masoretic text: the cedars of Lebanon…skip like a calf…and…like a young unicorn (Tanakh, KJV) or a young ox (NET).

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 29:5, 6 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 29:5, 6 (NET)	Psalm 28:5, 6 (NETS)	Psalm 28:5, 6 (English Elpenor)
The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon.	The Lord’s shout breaks the cedars; the Lord shatters the cedars of Lebanon.	The Lord’s voice, as he crushes cedars, and the Lord will crush the cedars of Lebanon.	[There is] the voice of the Lord who breaks the cedars; the Lord will break the cedars of Libanus.
He maketh them also to skip like a calf (עֵ֑גֶל); Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn (רְאֵמִֽים).	He makes them skip like a calf (ʿēḡel, עגל), Lebanon and Sirion like a young ox (rᵊ’ēm, ראמים).	And he will pulverize them, as the bull calf (τὸν μόσχον), the Lebanon, and he that is beloved is like a son of unicorns (υἱὸς μονοκερώτων).	And he will beat them small, [even] Libanus itself, like a calf (τὸν μόσχον); and the beloved one is as a young unicorn (υἱὸς μονοκερώτων).

The Septuagint reads differently than the Masoretic text. The calf (τὸν μόσχον) and the son of unicorns (υἱὸς μονοκερώτων) were still associated, though possibly contrasted there. I won’t spend time trying to decipher the apparent differences between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint. Here again רְאֵמִֽים (rᵊ’ēm) was translated a young wild ox in the Tanakh on chabad.org.

The next table, however, contains an intriguing detail.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Psalm 92:10 (Tanakh/KJV)	Psalm 92:10 (NET)	Psalm 91:11 (NETS)	Psalm 91:11 (English Elpenor)
But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn (כִּרְאֵ֣ים): I shall be anointed with fresh oil.	You exalt my horn like that of a wild ox (rᵊ’ēm, כראים). I am covered with fresh oil.	And my horn will be exalted like a unicorn’s (μονοκέρωτος), and my old age with thick oil.	But my horn shall be exalted [as the horn] of a unicorn (μονοκέρωτος); and mine old age with rich mercy.

According to the same article on Wikipedia:

A creature with a single horn, conventionally called a unicorn is the most common image [see picture] on the soapstone stamp seals of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization (“IVC”), from the centuries around 2000 BC. It has a body more like a cow than a horse, and a curved horn that goes forward, then up at the tip.

It is interesting to wonder if the psalmist was thinking of a horn that curved up at the tip, or near the end. The Tanakh on chabad.org had a wild ox for כִּרְאֵ֣ים (rᵊ’ēm) here.

God (‘ēl, אל) was likened to the strength (NET) or glory (Septuagint) of a unicorn in Balaam’s (Numbers 22-24) second oracle.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 23:22 (Tanakh)	Numbers 23:22 (NET)	Numbers 23:22 (NETS)	Numbers 23:22 (Elpenor English)
G-d who brought them forth out of Egypt is for them like the lofty horns of the wild-ox (רְאֵ֖ם).	God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a wild bull (rᵊ’ēm, ראם).	God was the one who brought them out of Egypt; like a unicorn’s (μονοκέρωτος) glory he was to him,	It was God who brought him out of Egypt; he has as it were the glory of a unicorn (μονοκέρωτος).

God has brought them out of Egypt with the strength of His loftiness, the Tanakh on chabad.org reads. In context this seems to relate to the firmness of his purpose:

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 23:19 (Tanakh)	Numbers 23:19 (NET)	Numbers 23:19 (NETS)	Numbers 23:19 (Elpenor English)
G-d is not a man, that He should lie; neither the son of man, that He should repent: when He hath said, will He not do it? or when He hath spoken, will He not make it good?	God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a human being, that he should change his mind. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it happen?	God is not to be put upon like man, nor is he to be threatened like a son of man. When he himself has said, shall he not do? Shall he speak and not make good?	God is not as man to waver, nor as the son of man to be threatened; shall he say and not perform? shall he speak and not keep [to his word]?

Balaam’s third oracle contains the same comparison to God but with a warning for Balak.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Numbers 24:8, 9 (Tanakh)	Numbers 24:8, 9 (NET)	Numbers 24:8, 9 (NETS)	Numbers 24:8, 9 (Elpenor English)
G-d who brought him forth out of Egypt is for him like the lofty horns of the wild-ox (רְאֵ֖ם); he shall eat up the nations that are his adversaries, and shall break their bones in pieces, and pierce them through with his arrows.	God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull (rᵊ’ēm, ראם); they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.	A god guided him out of Egypt; like a unicorn’s (μονοκέρωτος) glory he was to him. He shall devour his enemies’ nations and de-marrow their stoutness and shall shoot down an enemy with his missiles.	God led him out of Egypt; he has as it were the glory of a unicorn (μονοκέρωτος): he shall consume the nations of his enemies, and he shall drain their marrow, and with his darts he shall shoot through the enemy.
He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every one that blesseth thee, and cursed be every one that curseth thee.	They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”	He lay down and rested like a lion and like a whelp. Who will raise him up? Blessed are those who bless you, and cursed are those who curse you.”	He lay down, he rested as a lion, and as a young lion; who shall stir him up? they that bless thee are blessed, and they that curse thee are cursed.

Balak had hired Balaam to curse Israel. Here רְאֵ֖ם (rᵊ’ēm) was translated loftiness in the Tanakh on chabad.org.

The next table is from the end of the blessing Moses pronounced upon the descendants of Joseph.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Deuteronomy 33:17 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (NET)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (English Elpenor)
His firstling bullock, majesty is his; and his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (רְאֵם֙); with them he shall gore the peoples all of them, even the ends of the earth; and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.	May the firstborn of his bull bring him honor, and may his horns be those of a wild ox (rᵊ’ēm, ראם); with them may he gore all peoples, all the far reaches of the earth. They are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.”	A firstborn of a bull—his beauty! His horns are horns of a unicorn (μονοκέρωτος); with them he will gore nations, all at once as far as earth’s end. These are the myriads of Ephraim; these the thousands of Manasse.	His beauty [is as] the firstling of his bull, his horns [are] the horns of a unicorn (μονοκέρωτος); with them he shall thrust the nations at once, even from the end of the earth: these [are] the ten thousands of Ephraim, and these [are] the thousands of Manasse.

Here the horns of the wild ox (rᵊ’ēm, רְאֵם֙) symbolize the strength of Ephraim and Manasseh to gore all peoples…of the earth. In the Tanakh on chabad.org the Hebrew was transliterated re’em.

In the next table the unicorns (Tanakh, KJV) are among those animals killed in a sacrifice of the Lord in the Masoretic text.

Masoretic Text		Septuagint
Isaiah 34:6, 7 (Tanakh/KJV)	Isaiah 34:6, 7 (NET)	Isaiah 34:6, 7 (NETS)	Isaiah 34:6, 7 (English Elpenor)
The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.	The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood, it is covered with fat; it drips with the blood of young rams and goats and is covered with the fat of rams’ kidneys. For the Lord is holding a sacrifice in Bozrah, a bloody slaughter in the land of Edom.	The dagger of the Lord is filled with blood; it is gorged with the fat of lambs and with the fat of goats and rams, because the Lord has a sacrifice in Bosor and a great slaughter in Idumea.	The sword of the Lord is filled with blood, it is glutted with fat, with the blood of goats and lambs, and with the fat of goats and rams: for the Lord has a sacrifice in Bosor, and a great slaughter in Idumea.
And the unicorns (רְאֵמִים֙) shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.	Wild oxen (rᵊ’ēm, ראמים) will be slaughtered along with them, as well as strong bulls. Their land is drenched with blood, their soil is covered with fat.	And the prominent ones (ἁδροὶ) shall fall with them, both the rams and the bulls. And the land shall become drunk with blood, and it shall be filled with fat.	And the mighty ones (ἁδροὶ) shall fall with them, and the rams and the bulls; and the land shall be soaked with blood, and shall be filled with their fat.

But the rabbis who translated the Septuagint understood רְאֵמִים֙ (rᵊ’ēm) as an allusion to ἁδροὶ (a form of ἁδρός), prominent ones (NETS), mighty ones (English Elpenor). I’ll pick this up in another essay.

Tables comparing Psalm 22:21; Job 39:9; 39:10; 39:11; 39:12; Psalm 29:5; 29:6; 92:10; Numbers 23:22; 23:19; 24:8; 24:9; Deuteronomy 33:17; Isaiah 34:6 and 34:7 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Psalm 22:21 (21:22); Job 39:9; 39:10; 39:11; 39:12; Psalm 29:5 (28:5); 29:6 (28:6); 92:10 (91:11); Numbers 23:22; 23:19; 24:8; 24:9; Deuteronomy 33:17; Isaiah 34:6 and 34:7 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Psalm 22:21 (Tanakh)	Psalm 22:21 (KJV)	Psalm 22:21 (NET)
Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns.	Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns.	Rescue me from the mouth of the lion and from the horns of the wild oxen. You have answered me.

Psalm 22:21 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 21:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
σῶσόν με ἐκ στόματος λέοντος καὶ ἀπὸ κεράτων μονοκερώτων τὴν ταπείνωσίν μου	σῶσόν με ἐκ στόματος λέοντος καὶ ἀπὸ κεράτων μονοκερώτων τὴν ταπείνωσίν μου
Psalm 21:22 (NETS)	Psalm 21:22 (English Elpenor)
Save me from a lion’s mouth, and my lowliness from the horns of unicorns!	Save me from the lion’s mouth; and [regard] my lowliness from the horns of the unicorns.

Job 39:9 (Tanakh)	Job 39:9 (KJV)	Job 39:9 (NET)
Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?	Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?	Is the wild ox willing to be your servant? Will it spend the night at your feeding trough?

Job 39:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 39:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
βουλήσεται δέ σοι μονόκερως δουλεῦσαι ἢ κοιμηθῆναι ἐπὶ φάτνης σου	βουλήσεται δέ σοι μονόκερως δουλεῦσαι ἢ κοιμηθῆναι ἐπὶ φάτνης σου
Job 39:9 (NETS)	Job 39:9 (English Elpenor)
“And will the unicorn be willing to be your slave or to lie down at your manger?	And will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or to lie down at thy manger?

Job 39:10 (Tanakh)	Job 39:10 (KJV)	Job 39:10 (NET)
Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?	Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?	Can you bind the wild ox to a furrow with its rope; will it till the valleys, following after you?

Job 39:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 39:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
δήσεις δὲ ἐν ἱμᾶσι ζυγὸν αὐτοῦ ἢ ἑλκύσει σου αὔλακας ἐν πεδίῳ	δήσεις δὲ ἐν ἱμᾶσι ζυγὸν αὐτοῦ ἢ ἑλκύσει σου αὔλακας ἐν πεδίῳ
Job 39:10 (NETS)	Job 39:10 (English Elpenor)
And will you bind its yoke with straps, or will it draw your furrows in the plain?	And wilt thou bind his yoke with thongs, or will he plough furrows for thee in the plain?

Job 39:11 (Tanakh)	Job 39:11 (KJV)	Job 39:11 (NET)
Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him?	Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him?	Will you rely on it because its strength is great? Will you commit your labor to it?

Job 39:11 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 39:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πέποιθας δὲ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ὅτι πολλὴ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ ἐπαφήσεις δὲ αὐτῷ τὰ ἔργα σου	πέποιθας δὲ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ, ὅτι πολλὴ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ, ἐπαφήσεις δὲ αὐτῷ τὰ ἔργα σου
Job 39:11 (NETS)	Job 39:11 (English Elpenor)
Again, do you trust it, because its strength is great, and will you discharge to it your work?	And dost thou trust him, because his strength is great? and wilt thou commit thy works to him?

Job 39:12 (Tanakh)	Job 39:12 (KJV)	Job 39:12 (NET)
Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?	Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?	Can you count on it to bring in your grain and gather the grain to your threshing floor?

Job 39:12 (Septuagint BLB)	Job 39:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πιστεύσεις δὲ ὅτι ἀποδώσει σοι τὸν σπόρον εἰσοίσει δέ σου τὸν ἅλωνα	πιστεύσεις δὲ ὅτι ἀποδώσει σοι τὸν σπόρον, εἰσοίσει δέ σου τὸν ἅλωνα
Job 39:12 (NETS)	Job 39:12 (English Elpenor)
And will you believe that it will return your seed to you and bring it to your threshing floor?	And wilt thou believe that he will return to thee thy seed, and bring [it] in [to] thy threshing-floor?

Psalm 29:5 (Tanakh)	Psalm 29:5 (KJV)	Psalm 29:5 (NET)
The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon.	The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon.	The Lord’s shout breaks the cedars; the Lord shatters the cedars of Lebanon.

Psalm 29:5 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 28:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
φωνὴ κυρίου συντρίβοντος κέδρους καὶ συντρίψει κύριος τὰς κέδρους τοῦ Λιβάνου	φωνὴ Κυρίου συντρίβοντος κέδρους, καὶ συντρίψει Κύριος τὰς κέδρους τοῦ Λιβάνου
Psalm 28:5 (NETS)	Psalm 28:5 (English Elpenor)
The Lord’s voice, as he crushes cedars, and the Lord will crush the cedars of Lebanon.	[There is] the voice of the Lord who breaks the cedars; the Lord will break the cedars of Libanus.

Psalm 29:6 (Tanakh)	Psalm 29:6 (KJV)	Psalm 29:6 (NET)
He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn.	He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn.	He makes them skip like a calf, Lebanon and Sirion like a young ox.

Psalm 29:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 28:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ λεπτυνεῗ αὐτὰς ὡς τὸν μόσχον τὸν Λίβανον καὶ ὁ ἠγαπημένος ὡς υἱὸς μονοκερώτων	καὶ λεπτυνεῖ αὐτὰς ὡς τὸν μόσχον τὸν Λίβανον, καὶ ὁ ἠγαπημένος ὡς υἱὸς μονοκερώτων
Psalm 28:6 (NETS)	Psalm 28:6 (English Elpenor)
And he will pulverize them, as the bull calf, the Lebanon, and he that is beloved is like a son of unicorns.	And he will beat them small, [even] Libanus itself, like a calf; and the beloved one is as a young unicorn.

Psalm 92:10 (Tanakh)	Psalm 92:10 (KJV)	Psalm 92:10 (NET)
But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.	But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.	You exalt my horn like that of a wild ox. I am covered with fresh oil.

Psalm 92:10 (Septuagint BLB)	Psalm 91:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὑψωθήσεται ὡς μονοκέρωτος τὸ κέρας μου καὶ τὸ γῆράς μου ἐν ἐλαίῳ πίονι	καὶ ὑψωθήσεται ὡς μονοκέρωτος τὸ κέρας μου καὶ τὸ γῆράς μου ἐν ἐλαίῳ πίονι
Psalm 91:11 (NETS)	Psalm 91:11 (English Elpenor)
And my horn will be exalted like a unicorn’s, and my old age with thick oil.	But my horn shall be exalted [as the horn] of a unicorn; and mine old age with rich mercy.

Numbers 23:22 (Tanakh)	Numbers 23:22 (KJV)	Numbers 23:22 (NET)
G-d who brought them forth out of Egypt is for them like the lofty horns of the wild-ox.	God brought them out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn.	God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a wild bull.

Numbers 23:22 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 23:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
θεὸς ὁ ἐξαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ὡς δόξα μονοκέρωτος αὐτῷ	Θεὸς ὁ ἐξαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου· ὡς δόξα μονοκέρωτος αὐτῷ
Numbers 23:22 (NETS)	Numbers 23:22 (English Elpenor)
God was the one who brought them out of Egypt; like a unicorn’s glory he was to him,	It was God who brought him out of Egypt; he has as it were the glory of a unicorn.

Numbers 23:19 (Tanakh)	Numbers 23:19 (KJV)	Numbers 23:19 (NET)
G-d is not a man, that He should lie; neither the son of man, that He should repent: when He hath said, will He not do it? or when He hath spoken, will He not make it good?	God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good?	God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a human being, that he should change his mind. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it happen?

Numbers 23:19 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 23:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ὁ θεὸς διαρτηθῆναι οὐδὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀπειληθῆναι αὐτὸς εἴπας οὐχὶ ποιήσει λαλήσει καὶ οὐχὶ ἐμμενεῗ	οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ὁ Θεὸς διαρτηθῆναι, οὐδ’ ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀπειληθῆναι· αὐτὸς εἴπας, οὐχὶ ποιήσει; λαλήσει, καὶ οὐχὶ ἐμμενεῖ
Numbers 23:19 (NETS)	Numbers 23:19 (English Elpenor)
God is not to be put upon like man, nor is he to be threatened like a son of man. When he himself has said, shall he not do? Shall he speak and not make good?	God is not as man to waver, nor as the son of man to be threatened; shall he say and not perform? shall he speak and not keep [to his word]?

Numbers 24:8 (Tanakh)	Numbers 24:8 (KJV)	Numbers 24:8 (NET)
G-d who brought him forth out of Egypt is for him like the lofty horns of the wild-ox; he shall eat up the nations that are his adversaries, and shall break their bones in pieces, and pierce them through with his arrows.	God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.	God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.

Numbers 24:8 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 24:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
θεὸς ὡδήγησεν αὐτὸν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ὡς δόξα μονοκέρωτος αὐτῷ ἔδεται ἔθνη ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ πάχη αὐτῶν ἐκμυελιεῗ καὶ ταῗς βολίσιν αὐτοῦ κατατοξεύσει ἐχθρόν	Θεὸς ὡδήγησεν αὐτὸν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, ὡς δόξα μονοκέρωτος αὐτῷ· ἔδεται ἔθνη ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ πάχη αὐτῶν ἐκμυελιεῖ καὶ ταῖς βολίσιν αὐτοῦ κατατοξεύσει ἐχθρόν
Numbers 24:8 (NETS)	Numbers 24:8 (English Elpenor)
A god guided him out of Egypt; like a unicorn’s glory he was to him. He shall devour his enemies’ nations and de-marrow their stoutness and shall shoot down an enemy with his missiles.	God led him out of Egypt; he has as it were the glory of a unicorn: he shall consume the nations of his enemies, and he shall drain their marrow, and with his darts he shall shoot through the enemy.

Numbers 24:9 (Tanakh)	Numbers 24:9 (KJV)	Numbers 24:9 (NET)
He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every one that blesseth thee, and cursed be every one that curseth thee.	He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee.	They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”

Numbers 24:9 (Septuagint BLB)	Numbers 24:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κατακλιθεὶς ἀνεπαύσατο ὡς λέων καὶ ὡς σκύμνος τίς ἀναστήσει αὐτόν οἱ εὐλογοῦντές σε εὐλόγηνται καὶ οἱ καταρώμενοί σε κεκατήρανται	κατακλιθεὶς ἀνεπαύσατο ὡς λέων καὶ ὡς σκύμνος· τίς ἀναστήσει αὐτόν; οἱ εὐλογοῦντές σε εὐλόγηνται, καὶ οἱ καταρώμενοί σε κεκατήρανται
Numbers 24:9 (NETS)	Numbers 24:9 (English Elpenor)
He lay down and rested like a lion and like a whelp. Who will raise him up? Blessed are those who bless you, and cursed are those who curse you.”	He lay down, he rested as a lion, and as a young lion; who shall stir him up? they that bless thee are blessed, and they that curse thee are cursed.

Deuteronomy 33:17 (Tanakh)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (KJV)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (NET)
His firstling bullock, majesty is his; and his horns are the horns of the wild-ox; with them he shall gore the peoples all of them, even the ends of the earth; and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.	His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.	May the firstborn of his bull bring him honor, and may his horns be those of a wild ox; with them may he gore all peoples, all the far reaches of the earth. They are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.”

Deuteronomy 33:17 (Septuagint BLB)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πρωτότοκος ταύρου τὸ κάλλος αὐτοῦ κέρατα μονοκέρωτος τὰ κέρατα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτοῗς ἔθνη κερατιεῗ ἅμα ἕως ἐπ᾽ ἄκρου γῆς αὗται μυριάδες Εφραιμ καὶ αὗται χιλιάδες Μανασση	πρωτότοκος ταύρου τὸ κάλλος αὐτοῦ, κέρατα μονοκέρωτος τὰ κέρατα αὐτοῦ· ἐν αὐτοῖς ἔθνη κερατιεῖ ἅμα ἕως ἀπ᾿ ἄκρου γῆς. αὗται μυριάδες ᾿Εφραΐμ, καὶ αὗται χιλιάδες Μανασσῆ
Deuteronomy 33:17 (NETS)	Deuteronomy 33:17 (English Elpenor)
A firstborn of a bull—his beauty! His horns are horns of a unicorn; with them he will gore nations, all at once as far as earth’s end. These are the myriads of Ephraim; these the thousands of Manasse.	His beauty [is as] the firstling of his bull, his horns [are] the horns of a unicorn; with them he shall thrust the nations at once, even from the end of the earth: these [are] the ten thousands of Ephraim, and these [are] the thousands of Manasse.

Isaiah 34:6 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 34:6 (KJV)	Isaiah 34:6 (NET)
The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.	The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.	The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood, it is covered with fat; it drips with the blood of young rams and goats and is covered with the fat of rams’ kidneys. For the Lord is holding a sacrifice in Bozrah, a bloody slaughter in the land of Edom.

Isaiah 34:6 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 34:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἡ μάχαιρα κυρίου ἐνεπλήσθη αἵματος ἐπαχύνθη ἀπὸ στέατος ἀρνῶν καὶ ἀπὸ στέατος τράγων καὶ κριῶν ὅτι θυσία κυρίῳ ἐν Βοσορ καὶ σφαγὴ μεγάλη ἐν τῇ Ιδουμαίᾳ	ἡ μάχαιρα τοῦ Κυρίου ἐνεπλήσθη αἵματος, ἐπαχύνθη ἀπὸ στέατος ἀρνῶν καὶ ἀπὸ στέατος τράγων καὶ κριῶν· ὅτι θυσία τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν Βοσὸρ καὶ σφαγὴ μεγάλη ἐν τῇ ᾿Ιδουμαίᾳ
Isaiah 34:6 (NETS)	Isaiah 34:6 (English Elpenor)
The dagger of the Lord is filled with blood; it is gorged with the fat of lambs and with the fat of goats and rams, because the Lord has a sacrifice in Bosor and a great slaughter in Idumea.	The sword of the Lord is filled with blood, it is glutted with fat, with the blood of goats and lambs, and with the fat of goats and rams: for the Lord has a sacrifice in Bosor, and a great slaughter in Idumea.

Isaiah 34:7 (Tanakh)	Isaiah 34:7 (KJV)	Isaiah 34:7 (NET)
And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.	And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.	Wild oxen will be slaughtered along with them, as well as strong bulls. Their land is drenched with blood, their soil is covered with fat.

Isaiah 34:7 (Septuagint BLB)	Isaiah 34:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ συμπεσοῦνται οἱ ἁδροὶ μετ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ κριοὶ καὶ οἱ ταῦροι καὶ μεθυσθήσεται ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ στέατος αὐτῶν ἐμπλησθήσεται	καὶ συμπεσοῦνται οἱ ἁδροὶ μετ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ κριοὶ καὶ οἱ ταῦροι, καὶ μεθυσθήσεται ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ στέατος αὐτῶν ἐμπλησθήσεται
Isaiah 34:7 (NETS)	Isaiah 34:7 (English Elpenor)
And the prominent ones shall fall with them, both the rams and the bulls. And the land shall become drunk with blood, and it shall be filled with fat.	And the mighty ones shall fall with them, and the rams and the bulls; and the land shall be soaked with blood, and shall be filled with their fat.

Psalm 22, Part 13

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The Gospel and the Religious Mind

An attempt to distinguish the mind of Christ from the ordinary religious mind.

Category Archives: Section Five

The Day of the Lord, Part 1

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 11

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 10

Psalm 22, Part 14

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 12

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 9

Psalm 22, Part 13

Isaiah 53:10-12, Part 11

The Lost Son of Perdition, Part 8

Psalm 22, Part 12