Category Archives: Genesis

Fear – Genesis, Part 8

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So Judah and his brothers came back to Joseph’s house.[1]  Suddenly Judah, though not the eldest, has taken the lead in the narrative.  He and his brothers threw themselves to the ground before[2] Joseph.  We are now my lord’s slaves, we and the one in whose possession the cup was found,[3] Judah said.  But Joseph refused: The man in whose hand the cup was found will become my slave, but the rest of you may go back to your father in peace.[4]  Then Judah, the man credited with the plan to profit from Joseph’s sale as a slave,[5] approached Joseph and related the tale of Jacob’s love for Rachel’s sons (Genesis 44:27-34 NET):

“Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife gave me two sons.  The first disappeared and I said, “He has surely been torn to pieces.”  I have not seen him since.  If you take this one from me too and an accident happens to him, then you will bring down my gray hair in tragedy to the grave.’  So now, when I return to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us – his very life is bound up in his son’s life.  When he sees the boy is not with us, he will die, and your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father in sorrow to the grave.  Indeed, your servant pledged security for the boy with my father, saying, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, then I will bear the blame before my father all my life.’  So now, please let your servant remain as my lord’s slave instead of the boy.  As for the boy, let him go back with his brothers.  For how can I go back to my father if the boy is not with me?  I couldn’t bear to see my father’s pain.”

Joseph was no longer able to control himself before all his attendants, so he cried out, “Make everyone go out from my presence!”[6]  Then he said to his brothers, I am Joseph your brother, whom you sold into Egypt.[7]  What follows is one of the most beautiful expressions of forgiveness in the Bible: Now, do not be upset and do not be angry with yourselves because you sold me here, for God sent me ahead of you to preserve life![8]  I admit, I want to reach back in time and say to Joseph, “Next time?  Lead with that.”  But I can believe that it took some time to come to that conclusion.  Maybe he even needed to hear Judah’s changed heart before he could fully understand that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose…[9]

God sent me ahead of you to preserve you on the earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance, Joseph continued.  So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God.[10]  As far as Joseph was concerned, Though [his brothers’ sin was] like scarlet, [the Lord had made it] as white as snow; Though [it was] red like crimson, [He had made it] as wool.[11]  Then Joseph sent his brothers home with provisions to bring their father and all their families back to Egypt.  When he heard the news, Jacob was stunned, for he did not believe them.  But when they related to him everything Joseph had said to them, and when he saw the wagons that Joseph had sent to transport him, their father Jacob’s spirit revived.  Then Israel said, “Enough!  My son Joseph is still alive!  I will go and see him before I die.”[12]  Once again the pattern holds: Jacob was unbelieving but Israel was persuaded and ready to go.

On the journey God spoke to Jacob’s unbelief, Jacob, Jacob…I am God, the God of your father.  Do not be afraid (yârêʼ) to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there.  I will go down with you to Egypt and I myself will certainly bring you back from there.  Joseph will close your eyes.[13]  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose φοβοῦ (a form of φοβέω)[14] here.  Now Jesus was standing by the Lake of Gennesaret, and the crowd was pressing around him to hear the word of God.[15]

There were two boats onshore owned by Peter and his business partners James and John.  Jesus got into Peter’s boat and asked him to put out a little way from the shore.  Then Jesus sat down and taught the crowds from the boat.[16]  After He finished teaching He told Peter to put out into deeper water for a catch of fish.  Peter was tired.  He had been up all night and hadn’t caught a thing.  But he did as Jesus said.  He caught so many fish the net was tearing and he needed help from the other boat.  Peter fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, “Go away from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man!”[17]  It is an odd way to react to a benefactor, but I think it illustrates the fearfulness of those born only of the flesh of Adam.

“Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ),” Jesus said to him, “from now on you will be catching people.”  So when they had brought their boats to shore, they left everything and followed him.[18]

Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years.[19]  Then he died there with Joseph as God had promised him.  When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge and wants to repay us in full for all the harm we did to him?”[20]  And so, prompted by this fear, they lied and concocted the following scheme: they sent word to Joseph, saying, “Your father gave these instructions before he died: ‘Tell Joseph this: Please forgive the sin of your brothers and the wrong they did when they treated you so badly.’  Now please forgive the sin of the servants of the God of your father.”  When this message was reported to him, Joseph wept.  Then his brothers also came and threw themselves down before him; they said, “Here we are; we are your slaves.”[21]

But Joseph’s forgiveness, offered so many years earlier, was sincere.  “Don’t be afraid (yârêʼ),” he said.  “Am I in the place of God?  As for you, you meant to harm me, but God intended it for a good purpose, so he could preserve the lives of many people, as you can see this day.  So now, don’t be afraid (yârêʼ).  I will provide for you and your little children.”  Then he consoled them and spoke kindly to them.[22]  In the Septuagint fear was φοβεῖσθε (another form of φοβέω) again.

In the previous essay I discussed Matthew 10:28-31 (NET).  Here I will simply quote it.

Do not be afraid (φοβεῖσθε) of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.  Instead, fear (φοβεῖσθε) the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.  Aren’t two sparrows sold for a penny?  Yet not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.  Even all the hairs on your head are numbered.  So do not be afraid (φοβεῖσθε); you are more valuable than many sparrows.

And Jesus said to Nicodemus, I tell you the solemn truth, unless a person is born from above, he cannot see the kingdom of God [Table]…What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit.  Do not be amazed that I said to you, “You must all be born from above.”[23]

Fear – Exodus, Part 1

Back to Jedidiah, Part 4

Back to Jedidiah, Part 5

Back to Romans, Part 43

[1] Genesis 44:14a (NET)

[2] Genesis 44:14b (NET)

[3] Genesis 44:16b (NET)

[4] Genesis 44:17 (NET)

[6] Genesis 45:1a (NET)

[7] Genesis 45:4b

[8] Genesis 45:5 (NET)

[9] Romans 8:28 (NET)

[10] Genesis 45:7, 8a (NET)

[11] Paraphrase of Isaiah 1:18 (NKJV)

[12] Genesis 45:26b-28 (NET)

[13] Genesis 46:2b-4 (NET)

[15] Luke 5:1 (NET)

[16] Luke 5:3 (NET)

[17] Luke 5:8 (NET)

[18] Luke 5:10, 11 (NET)

[19] Genesis 47:28a (NET)

[20] Genesis 50:15 (NET)

[21] Genesis 50:16-18 (NET)

[22] Genesis 50:19-21 (NET)

[23] John 3:3, 6, 7 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 7

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The grain Joseph’s brothers brought back from Egypt didn’t outlast the famine.  “Return, buy us a little more food,” their father said.  But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’  If you send our brother [Joseph’s younger brother Benjamin] with us, we’ll go down and buy food for you.  But if you will not send him, we won’t go down there because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”[1]

At first Jacob (also called Israel by God) remained reluctant.  When Judah reminded him how the Egyptian [their brother Joseph] had questioned them, and promised to be surety for Benjamin, their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and take a gift down to the man – a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds.  Take double the money with you; you must take back the money that was returned in the mouths of your sacks – perhaps it was an oversight.”[2]  This reminds me of the strategy Jacob employed when he returned home and met his estranged brother Esau.[3]

But Israel continued, “Take your brother too, and go right away to the man.  May the sovereign God grant you mercy before the man so that he may release your other brother and Benjamin!  As for me, if I lose my children I lose them.”[4]

You are making me childless!  Jacob had complained to his sons.  Joseph is gone.  Simeon is gone.  And now you want to take Benjamin!  Everything is against me.[5]  But Israel was willing to trust the sovereign God with the outcome.  Yes, they are the same man, but it reminds me of those born of the flesh of Adam and born from above of the Spirit of God.  For the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, and the Spirit has desires that are opposed to the flesh, Paul wrote the Galatians, for these are in opposition to each other, so that you cannot do what you want.[6]

Joseph’s brothers returned with Benjamin to Egypt.  When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the servant who was over his household, “Bring the men to the house.  Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for the men will eat with me at noon.”  The man did just as Joseph said; he brought the men into Joseph’s house.[7]  Joseph invited his brothers to a meal, but the men were afraid (yârêʼ)[8] when they were brought to Joseph’s house.  They said, “We are being brought in because of the money that was returned in our sacks last time.  He wants to capture us, make us slaves, and take our donkeys!”[9] As far as I can tell the rabbis who translated the Septuagint left this particular fear out of their Greek translation.

Joseph’s brothers approached the man who was in charge of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the house.  They said, “My lord, we did indeed come down the first time to buy food.  But when we came to the place where we spent the night, we opened our sacks and each of us found his money – the full amount – in the mouth of his sack.  So we have returned it.  We have brought additional money with us to buy food.  We do not know who put the money in our sacks!”[10]

“Everything is fine,” the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them.  “Don’t be afraid (yârêʼ).  Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks.  I had your money.”  Then he brought Simeon out to them.[11]  In Greek in the Septuagint afraid was φοβεῖσθε (a form of φοβέω).[12]  Do not be afraid (φοβεῖσθε) of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul, Jesus told his disciples.  Instead, fear (φοβεῖσθε) the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.[13]  Jesus was sending them to their deaths.  That sounds ominous, but Jesus is sending all of us to our deaths whether we believe Him or not.  One may die a martyr serving the Savior, another may choke out his last breath from advanced emphysema or heart failure or a brain tumor, but (with the possible exception of those alive and trusting Christ at the time of His return) we are all going to die, or sleep as the New Testament writers seemed to prefer to call it.

The one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell is either God the Father, or the Lord Jesus Himself if I take his teaching literally:  For the Father loves the Son and shows him everything he does, and will show him greater deeds than these, so that you will be amazed.  For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whomever he wishes.  Furthermore, the Father does not judge anyone, but has assigned all judgment to the Son, so that all people will honor the Son just as they honor the Father.  The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.[14] All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me, Jesus said.  Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.  And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.[15]

So Matthew 10:28 contains a New Testament occurrence of the fear of the Lord.  It’s also a no-win scenario for Bible translators.  The first part of Jesus’ statement is fairly clear:  Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.  Jesus doesn’t want his followers to be terrified into fleeing from, or struck with fear by, those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.  He doesn’t want that fear to stop one from believing or even professing faith in Him.

Still there are other definitions of φοβεῖσθε listed in the NET online Bible.  There may be plenty of good reason to be “startled by strange sights or occurrences,” “struck with amazement,” even “to fear” or “be afraid of one” posing some irrational threat of violence.  It is wise at times “to fear (i.e. hesitate) to do something (for fear of harm).”  It is necessary for conscience’ sake “to reverence, venerate, to treat with deference or reverential obedience” those in authority, even those who would kill the body for professing faith in Jesus Christ.  And the negation in this quotation is μὴ,[16] the qualified as opposed to the absolute negation according to Strong’s Concordance.

Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell,[17] Jesus continued.  It is fairly obvious that Jesus was not telling his disciples to flee in terror from Him, but to “reverence, venerate, to treat [Him] with deference or reverential obedience.”  Of course if the translators had translated φοβεῖσθε reverence here, I might have complained that they were obscuring the fact that both words were φοβεῖσθε.  Jesus made his point perfectly clear as He continued, Aren’t two sparrows sold for a penny?  Yet not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.  Even all the hairs on your head are numbered.  So do not be afraid (φοβεῖσθε); you are more valuable than many sparrows.[18]  And again, the negation is μὴ, the qualified as opposed to the absolute negation so as not to conflict with the command to fear or reverence Him.

Up to this point in the story Joseph’s brothers feared God’s punishment:  Surely we’re being punished because of our brother, they had said to one another, because we saw how distressed he was when he cried to us for mercy, but we refused to listen.  That is why this distress has come on us![19]  But I think something changed in them after everything they’d been through, when Joseph’s steward said:  Don’t be afraid.  Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks.[20]

So that day they ate and drank with Joseph until they all became drunk.[21]  But Joseph still didn’t reveal his identity.  In fact, he tormented them again.  He had his servant return all their money in their sacks, and hide the cup he used for divination in Benjamin’s sack.  They had not gone very far from the city when Joseph said to the servant who was over his household, “Pursue the men at once!  When you overtake them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil?’”[22]  This time, however, the brothers were indignant rather than fearful.

“Why does my lord say such things?  Far be it from your servants to do such a thing!  Look, the money that we found in the mouths of our sacks we brought back to you from the land of Canaan.  Why then would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house?  If one of us has it, he will die, and the rest of us will become my lord’s slaves!”[23]

“You have suggested your own punishment!” Joseph’s servant replied.  “The one who has it will become my slave, but the rest of you will go free.”[24]  This, I think, is the tipoff to Joseph’s plan.  His servant knew Joseph wanted Benjamin alive even though he had no suspicion why.  Joseph, after seeing Benjamin, had to leave the room again, for he was overcome by affection for his brother and was at the point of tears.[25]  And Joseph knew the famine would continue, for five more years there will be neither plowing nor harvesting,[26] he said.  By arresting Benjamin Joseph could both spend time with him and guarantee his brothers’ return for more grain.  But his brothers upended his scheme.

When Joseph’s servant found the divination cup exactly where he had placed it in Benjamin’s sack, his brothers did not abandon their younger sibling to his fate.  They all tore their clothes!  [a sign of mourning or repentance]  Then each man loaded his donkey, and they returned to the city.[27]

Fear – Genesis, Part 8

Back to Son of God – John, Part 3

Back to Fear – Numbers, Part 4

[1] Genesis 43:2b-5 (NET)

[2] Genesis 43:11, 12 (NET)

[4] Genesis 43:13, 14 (NET)

[5] Genesis 42:36 (NET)

[6] Galatians 5:17 (NET)

[7] Genesis 43:16, 17 (NET)

[9] Genesis 43:18 (NET)

[10] Genesis 43:19-22 (NET)

[11] Genesis 43:23 (NET)

[13] Matthew 10:28 (NET)

[14] John 5:20-23 (NET)

[15] Matthew 28:18-20 (NET)

[17] Matthew 10:28b (NET)

[18] Matthew 10:29-31 (NET)

[19] Genesis 42:21 (NET)

[20] Genesis 43:23a (NET)

[21] Genesis 43:34b (NET)

[22] Genesis 44:4 (NET)

[23] Genesis 44:7-9 (NET)

[24] Genesis 44:10 (NET)

[25] Genesis 43:30 (NET)

[26] Genesis 45:6 (NET)

[27] Genesis 44:13 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 6

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After Jacob and his family spent some time in Bethel they moved on to Ephrath (Bethlehem).  On the way Rachel went into labor – and her labor was hard.  When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid (yârêʼ), for you are having another son.”[1]  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint changed the word to θάρσει[2] in Greek.  “Have courage (θάρσει), son!  Jesus said to the paralytic lying on a mat.  Your sins are forgiven.”[3]  With her dying breath, Rachel named him Ben-Oni [“son of my suffering”].  But his father called him Benjamin [“son of the (or “my”) right hand”] instead.[4]

Rachel was Jacob’s favorite wife.  Her father had tricked him into marrying her sister Leah as well.  Bilhah and Zilpah, Rachel’s and Leah’s servant girls, were given to Jacob when the sisters vied with each other for their husband’s affection.  Joseph, Rachel’s firstborn, was Jacob’s favorite son.  Joseph’s elder brothers hated him.  On top of that Joseph had a couple of dreams which indicated to his brothers and Jacob that Joseph thought he would rule over them.

Joseph’s brothers decided to kill him.  Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, talked his younger siblings down from murder.  They put Joseph in a dry cistern.  Reuben hoped to return later to rescue him.  Judah—Leah’s fourth born son after Reuben, Simeon and Levi—said to his brothers, “What profit is there if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?  Come, let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, but let’s not lay a hand on him, for after all, he is our brother, our own flesh.”  His brothers agreed.[5]  The Ishmaelites sold Joseph to Potiphar the Egyptian, and eventually Joseph became a ruler in Egypt because of his ability to interpret prophetic dreams.

There was a famine in the land and Jacob sent ten of Joseph’s brothers to Egypt to buy grain.  Now Joseph was the ruler of the country, the one who sold grain to all the people of the country.  Joseph’s brothers came and bowed down before him with their faces to the ground.[6]  Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him.  Then Joseph remembered the dreams he had dreamed about them, and he said to them, “You are spies; you have come to see if our land is vulnerable!”[7]

Though I have heard it many times I am not persuaded that Joseph had some wise master plan to test his brothers’ repentance.  I think he was the outcast little brother who had his elder brothers right where he wanted them, and he wanted to make them squirm.  Beyond that he wanted to see his younger brother Benjamin.  But when he heard his brothers’ fears, he was moved, perhaps even to a repentance of his own:  They said to one other, “Surely we’re being punished because of our brother, because we saw how distressed he was when he cried to us for mercy, but we refused to listen.  That is why this distress has come on us!”  Reuben said to them, “Didn’t I say to you, ‘Don’t sin against the boy,’ but you wouldn’t listen?  So now we must pay for shedding his blood!”[8]

Joseph spoke to them through an interpreter, but understood their language as they whispered among themselves.  He turned away from them and wept.[9]  Here, I can be persuaded that Joseph began to formulate a plan to both save face as a ruler of Egypt who had embarked on a path of revenge, and to share with his brothers some of the mercy the Lord had shown him.  When he turned around and spoke to them again, he had Simeon taken from them and tied up before their eyes.  Then Joseph gave orders to fill their bags with grain, to return each man’s money to his sack, and to give them provisions for the journey.  His orders were carried out.[10]

On their return journey one of the brothers discovered the money in his sack.  They were dismayed; they turned trembling one to another and said, “What in the world has God done to us?”[11]  The brothers were so sure that God was punishing them they misunderstood his mercy.  The man, the lord of the land, spoke harshly to us and treated us as if we were spying on the land,[12] they told Jacob their father.  Then the man, the lord of the land, said to us, “This is how I will find out if you are honest men.  Leave one of your brothers with me, and take grain for your hungry households and go.  But bring your youngest brother back to me so I will know that you are honest men and not spies.  Then I will give your brother back to you and you may move about freely in the land.”[13]

When they were emptying their sacks, there was each man’s bag of money in his sack!  When they and their father saw the bags of money, they were afraid (yârêʼ).[14]  In the Septuagint this was translated ἐφοβήθησαν.  Jesus took Peter, James, and John up a mountain.  And he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light.  Then Moses and Elijah also appeared before them, talking with him.[15]  Peter, James and John took all this in stride.  They had been with Jesus awhile by then and were becoming somewhat accustomed to the spectacular and miraculous events that accompanied Him.

Peter offered to build three shelters (or, shrines) to honor Jesus, Moses and Elijah.  While he was still speaking, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my one dear Son, in whom I take great delight.  Listen to him!”  When the disciples heard this, they were overwhelmed with fear (ἐφοβήθησαν, a form of φοβέω) and threw themselves down with their faces to the ground.[16]  I don’t know how to write about the relationship of these two passages without first considering the Son of God.

I can’t help but feel a great sympathy for those who pursued a law of righteousness.[17]  About the time they got a really firm grasp on the fact that Yahweh was not like the gods of the nations, He visited them as a pagan myth, a Son of God.  Growing up I would have interpreted the statement, God has sent his one and only Son into the world so that we may live through him,[18] this way: “Yahweh has sent Jesus into the world so that we may live through Him.”  But the more seriously I take Jesus’ words, before Abraham came into existence, I am![19] the more I am compelled to acknowledge that it was Yahweh (He is; I am was literally the unspeakable name of God) who was sent into the world to be born as a human being named Jesus (the Greek translation of Yahweh saves in Hebrew) so that we may live through Him.  Then Yahweh/Jesus began to speak of another God, his Father, whom no one had known: no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son decides to reveal him.[20]

The voice that frightened Peter, James and John also spoke after Jesus’ baptism, This is my one dear Son; in him I take great delight.[21]  After Jesus walked on the water and calmed the storm, those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, “Truly you are the Son of God.”[22]  Peter testified, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”  And Jesus answered him, “You are blessed, Simon son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in heaven!”[23]  Then he instructed his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.[24]  And as they came down the mountain after his transfiguration Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about the vision until the Son of Man is raised from the dead.”[25]  The reason for this gag order was fairly obvious (Matthew 26:63-66 NET):

The high priest said to [Jesus], “I charge you under oath by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.”  Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.  But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”  Then the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed!  Why do we still need witnesses?  Now you have heard the blasphemy!  What is your verdict?”  They answered, “He is guilty and deserves death.”

I was curious how the three carried out the Lord’s command to tell about the vision after Jesus’ resurrection.  James, John’s brother, didn’t write any of the New Testament and Herod had him executed with a sword[26] early in the first century.  Peter described Jesus as both Lord and Christ but did not mention the offensive Son of God in any of his recorded sermons in Acts.  In fact, in one sermon it seemed that Peter was still making Jesus equal to Moses: “Moses said, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’”[27]  Did Peter not know that Moses was faithful in all God’s house as a servant…But Christ is faithful as a son over God’s house?[28]  Or am I in error when I assume that he was ascribing this prophecy to Christ, the Son of God?  Peter did however recount the story of the transfiguration in his second letter (2 Peter 1:16-18 NET):

For we did not follow cleverly concocted fables when we made known to you the power and return of our Lord Jesus Christ; no, we were eyewitnesses of his grandeur.  For he received honor and glory from God the Father, when that voice was conveyed to him by the Majestic Glory: “This is my dear Son, in whom I am delighted.”  When this voice was conveyed from heaven, we ourselves heard it, for we were with him on the holy mountain.

John was the one who wrote most forthrightly about Jesus as the Son of God.  In all fairness to Peter, John probably didn’t write any of these things until after 70 A.D. when the ecclesiastical power of those who pursued a law of righteousness was destroyed.  And this is where I began to see the relationship of the two fears (ἐφοβήθησαν).  Both groups of men were eyewitnesses to the mercy of God and both groups feared punishment because God’s mercy did not match their preconceptions (or their rulers’ preconceptions) of “what is,” or “how things should be.”  Despite all of God’s mercy toward him Jacob was most eloquent in his fear when he complained to his sons, You are making me childless!  Joseph is gone.  Simeon is gone.  And now you want to take Benjamin!  Everything is against me.[29]

[1] Genesis 35:16, 17 (NET)

[3] Matthew 9:2 (NET) Table

[4] Genesis 35:18 (NET)

[5] Genesis 37:26, 27 (NET)

[6] Genesis 42:6 (NET)

[7] Genesis 42:8, 9 (NET)

[8] Genesis 42:21, 22 (NET)

[9] Genesis 42:24a (NET)

[10] Genesis 42:24b, 25 (NET)

[11] Genesis 42:28b (NET)

[12] Genesis 42:30 (NET)

[13] Genesis 42:33, 34 (NET)

[14] Genesis 42:35 (NET)

[15] Matthew 17:2, 3 (NET)

[16] Matthew 17:5, 6 (NET)

[17] Romans 9:31 (NET)

[18] 1 John 4:9 (NET)

[19] John 8:58 (NET) Table

[20] Matthew 11:27b (NET)

[21] Matthew 3:17 (NET)

[22] Matthew 14:33 (NET)

[23] Matthew 16:16, 17 (NET)

[24] Matthew 16:20 (NET)

[25] Matthew 17:9 (NET)

[26] Acts 12:2 (NET)

[27] Acts 3:22a (NET)

[28] Hebrews 3:5, 6a (NET)

[29] Genesis 42:36 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 5

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I think I am safe using the word fear to describe Jacob’s prognostication that Simeon and Levi…had brought ruin on him by making him a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land, that the Canaanites and the Perizzites…would join forces against him and attack him, and both he and his family would be destroyed![1]  It was not a prophecy; it did not come to pass.  It was a rational appraisal of the likely response of men born of Adam (then Noah).  And it was a righteous expectation of the law God gave Noah and his sons after the flood (Genesis 9:5, 6 NET).

For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment.  From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative.  Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed; for in God’s image God has made humankind.

Simeon and Levi had perpetrated the kind of violence that brought the flood in the first place (Genesis 6:11-13 NET).

The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.[2]  God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.  So God said to Noah, “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.  Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.”

It is a fearful thing to contemplate a God with the power and the will for such destruction (Genesis 6:5-7 NET).

But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth.  Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time.  The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.  So the Lord said, “I will wipe humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth – everything from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”

But if I take the Lord’s reasons and offense seriously, his relative tolerance of human evil after the flood is just as fearful a thing if in a different way (Genesis 8:21, 22 NET).

I will never again curse the ground because of humankind, even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on.  I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done.  While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.

And thus the law: Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed.[3]

Though Simeon’s and Levi’s die hard antics seem more like justice for Dinah to my religious mind (compared to David’s inaction regarding Tamar, or Jacob’s silence), the most likely outcome for Dinah did not look good.  Both the evil of men and the righteousness of God’s law conspired to catch her up in the violent retribution due Simeon and Levi, or she might have become like one of the slave women her brothers took from Shechem.  But Jacob, Dinah, Simeon, Levi and all of their family found favor (or, grace) in the sight of the Lord.[4]

I have appropriated what the Bible said about Noah to Jacob, Dinah, Simeon, Levi and all of their family.  This would have been unthinkable to my religious mind.  It assumed that Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord because Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries.  He walked with God.[5]  Now I am more and more convinced that my religious mind had the cart before the horse.  Noah was a godly man, blameless among his contemporaries, and walked with God because Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.  In that light it is not much of a stretch to see the similarity here.

Then God said to Jacob, “Go up at once to Bethel and live there.  Make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.”[6]  This was God’s solution despite the fact that Simeon and Levi at least (and perhaps at most) should have died according to his own law.  I am not accusing God of wrongdoing.  He never bound Himself to law when it came to showing favor or mercy.  I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, I will show mercy to whom I will show mercy,[7] He said to Moses.  And when Paul analyzed the Gospel that my religious mind was so intent on converting to a new law, he reiterated that point and added, So then, it does not depend on human desire or exertion, but on God who shows mercy.[8]

So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you.  Purify yourselves and change your clothes.  Let us go up at once to Bethel.  Then I will make an altar there to God, who responded to me in my time of distress and has been with me wherever I went.”[9]

When I see it in this context the Gospel of Jesus Christ mitigates my fear concerning God’s “tolerance” of human evil after the flood.  The Gospel does not belong, and is perverted and misunderstood, in the world created by religious minds.  Where it belongs, where it becomes the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe[10] is in the real world of human sin.  I was surprised, given my religious prejudices, that Abel Ferrara and Zoë Lund had walked this ground before me in the movie she wrote and he directed “Bad Lieutenant” (1992), starring Harvey Keitel in the title role.

Bad LT was not merely a bad cop, he was a hardcore sinner, without natural affection.  Bad LT’s decadence was so demoralizing I cried out loud, “Why am I watching this?”  About that time one of the ‘B’ stories came to the forefront when Bad LT overheard a nun’s confession.

The nun had been raped on the altar in her church.  She seemed to react like any other woman might react while being raped.  She was a bit less modest in the examination room than I might have expected, but nothing so extreme that I did anything but note the fact.  Her confession, however, was totally unexpected.  A curious thing happens when someone actually believes she has been forgiven by the Sovereign God and that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose.[11]

“Those boys,” she said, “those sad raging boys.  They came to me as the needy do.  And like many of the needy they were rude.  Like all the needy they took.  And like all the needy they needed.  Father, I knew them.  They learn in our school and they play in our school yard and they are good boys….Jesus turned water to wine.  I ought to have turned bitter semen into fertile sperm, hatred to love, and maybe to have saved their souls.  [Bad LT exited then and did not hear the rest of her confession.]  They did not love me, but I ought to have loved them, for Jesus loved those who were vile to Him.  And never again shall I encounter two boys whose prayer was more poignant, more legible, more anguished.”

Later Bad LT came to speak to the nun as she prayed, first prostrate then on her knees, in church.  “Listen to me, Sister,” he said, “listen to me good.  The other cops will just put these guys through the system.  They’re juveniles.  They’ll walk.  But I’ll beat the system and do justice, real justice for you.”

“I have already forgiven them,” she replied.

“Come on, Lady.  These guys put out cigarette butts on your – Get with the program.  How could you—how could you forgive these motherfu—these, these guys?  Excuse me.  How could you?  Deep down inside don’t you want them to pay for what they did to you?  Don’t you want this crime avenged?”

“I’ve forgiven them.”

“But – do you have the right?  You’re not the only woman in the world.  You’re not even the only nun. You’re forgiveness will leave blood in its wake.  What if these guys do this to other nuns?  Other virgins? Old women who’ll die from the shock?  Do you have the right to let these boys go free?  Can you bear the burden, Sister?”

“Talk to Jesus,” she said.  “Pray.  You do believe in God, don’t you? that Jesus Christ died for your sins?”

The nun left Bad LT alone in the church.  He moaned and cried out from the floor.  Then he had a vision of Jesus.  First, he blamed Jesus for His perceived absence in Bad LT’s wretched life.  But eventually he begged for forgiveness and direction.  Suddenly Bad LT became the repentant thief on the cross.  Like the thief he had only hours to live.  Unlike the thief he was free to do one more thing.  His choice, to pass on some of the mercy the Lord and the nun had shown him, was at least as interesting as David’s choices concerning his sons Amnon and Absalom.

Jacob’s household and all who were with him gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession and the rings that were in their ears.  Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem and they started on their journey.  The surrounding cities were afraid (chittâh;[12] Septuagint: φόβος[13]) of God, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.[14]  The note in the NET reads: “Heb ‘and the fear of God was upon the cities which were round about them.’ The expression ‘fear of God’ apparently refers (1) to a fear of God (objective genitive; God is the object of their fear). (2) But it could mean ‘fear from God,’ that is, fear which God placed in them (cf. NRSV “a terror from God”). Another option (3) is that the divine name is used as a superlative here, referring to ‘tremendous fear’ (cf. NEB ‘were panic-stricken’; NASB ‘a great terror’).”

[1] Genesis 34:30 (NET)

[2] A note in the NET reads: “The Hebrew word translated “violence” refers elsewhere to a broad range of crimes, including unjust treatment (Gen 16:5; Amos 3:10), injurious legal testimony (Deut 19:16), deadly assault (Gen 49:5), murder (Judg 9:24), and rape (Jer 13:22).”

[3] Genesis 9:6 (NET)

[4] A paraphrase of Genesis 6:8 (NET)

[5] Genesis 6:8, 9 (NET)

[6] Genesis 35:1 (NET)

[7] Exodus 33:19b (NET) Table

[8] Romans 9:16 (NET)

[9] Genesis 35:2, 3 (NET)

[10] Romans 3:22 (NET)

[11] Romans 8:28 (NET)

[14] Genesis 35:4, 5 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 4

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God had changed Jacob’s name to Israel.1  Jacob kept the oath he made at Bethel2 that the Lord would become his God.  After he left Paddan Aram, Jacob came safely to the city of Shechem in the land of Canaan, and he camped near the city.  Then he purchased the portion of the field where he had pitched his tent; he bought it from the sons of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of money.  There he set up an altar and called it “The God of Israel is God.”3  Though the word fear does not occur in Genesis 34, the events described prompted the fear that motivated Jacob in the beginning of chapter 35.

The sons of Israel by his wife Leah were Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun.  After that she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.4  Now Dinah…went to meet the young women of the land.5  I assume that some time had passed between the end of Genesis 33 and the beginning of chapter 34, that Dinah was of a marriageable age (perhaps not at an age that we would consider marriageable, but more than seven or eight years old).  When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her.  Then he became very attached to Dinah, Jacob’s daughter.  He fell in love with the young woman and spoke romantically to her [Table].6  Shechem asked his father to get Dinah for him as his wife.

When Jacob heard that Shechem had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field.  So Jacob remained silent until they came in.7  “The expected response would be anger or rage; but Jacob remained silent,” the note in the NET begins.  So in my mind the question becomes, what intervened in Jacob to mute the natural human response?  “He appears too indifferent or confused to act decisively,” the note continues.  Having been through this before with David, Amnon and Tamar8 I wonder whether Jacob’s silence is evidence that his wrestling with God9 had resulted in his sharing some of the Lord’s love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control [Table].10

If that were the case I can easily imagine how difficult it would be to communicate that experience to Dinah and her brothers, or to his wives Leah, Rachel, Bilhah and Zilpah, without the lives and words of Jesus and Paul as points of reference.  I can imagine how difficult it would be to communicate that experience even with their lives and words as points of reference to my son, my daughter, and their mother if my daughter had been raped.  And I wonder how often the fruit of the Lord’s Spirit is mistaken for indifference or confusion.

The note in the NET ends with a rule, “When the leader does not act decisively, the younger zealots will, and often with disastrous results.”  The rule may well be true, but the note doesn’t say what decision Jacob should have made.  My son Shechem is in love with your daughter, Hamor said to Jacob and his sons.  Please give her to him as his wife [Table].  Intermarry with us.  Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves.  You may live among us, and the land will be open to you.  Live in it, travel freely in it, and acquire property in it.11

Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me I’ll give, Shechem entreated them.  You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, and I’ll give whatever you ask of me.  Just give me the young woman as my wife!12

Jacob probably knew that his grandfather Abraham had made his servant solemnly promise by the Lord, the God of heaven and the God of the earth: You must not acquire a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I am living [Table].  You must go instead to my country and to my relatives to find a wife for my son Isaac [Table].13  He certainly knew that his brother Esau’s marriage to two Hittite women caused his parents Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety.14  Perhaps he believed that the Lord would drive the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite15 out of the land.  He may have grasped that he should not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land…lest it become a snare.16

I am not convinced, however, that Jacob knew the full import of the law God would give his descendants: When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and powerful than you – and he delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate them.  Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy!  You must not intermarry with them.  Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, for they will turn your sons away from me to worship other gods.  Then the anger of the Lord will erupt against you and he will quickly destroy you.17

Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah.18  While it may be tempting to read what happened next as a cold-blooded plot to use Dinah’s misfortune as justification for a get rich quick scheme, the point is clearly made that Dinah’s brothers were anything but cold-blooded at the moment they were deceitful.  They were offended and very angry because Shechem had disgraced Israel by sexually assaulting Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed.19

We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised, they said, for it would be a disgrace to us.  We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males.20  This would be a minimum requirement for any covenant between them.  Throughout your generations, God told Abraham, every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not one of your descendants [Table].  They must indeed be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money [Table].21  The brothers’ deceitfulness, I think, is that they never expected Hivites to agree to such drastic measures and hoped to gain Dinah’s release instead.  But if you do not agree to our terms by being circumcised, then we will take our sister and depart.22

Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem.23  And Hamor and Shechem persuaded all the men of their city to be circumcised.  If we do so, won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours?  So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.24

Dinah’s perspective on all this is missing from the narrative.  But if I consider that the Holy Spirit mentioned Tamar’s25 rather remarkable response despite its relative irrelevance to the story compared to Dinah’s, and that Jacob’s silence was mentioned precisely because it is unexpected, I feel safe assuming that Dinah was not in favor of a marriage to her rapist Shechem.  Dinah was not socialized like Tamar under the law: Suppose a man comes across a virgin who is not engaged and overpowers and rapes her and they are discovered [Table].  The man who has raped her must pay her father fifty shekels of silver and she must become his wife because he has violated her; he may never divorce her as long as he lives [Table].26  And that law would not have applied to a Canaanite like Shechem the Hivite anyway.

Dinah’s brothers’ deceitful blunder not only failed to win her release as Shechem’s “love” hostage, it risked involving them in an at least suspect covenant with one of the peoples of the land, the Hivites.  In that light the rest of the story unfolds like an anger-fear-testosterone-adrenaline-fueled nightmare.  I can almost hear them as they stewed about if for three days: What do we do now?  We’ll kill him.  Shechem?  We’ll have to kill his father, too.  Who are you kidding?  We’ll have to kill them all?  What do we do with the women and children?

Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male [Table].  They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left [Table].  Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated [Table].  They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields [Table].  They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses [Table].27

Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin on me by making me a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land – among the Canaanites and the Perizzites.  I am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!”  But Simeon and Levi were not about to back down then, “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”28

Just as an aside, other Hivites29 many years later deceived Joshua and saved their own lives by successfully making a covenant with the nation of Israel.30

 

Addendum: February 24, 2025
Tables comparing Genesis 33:18; 33:19; 33:20; 30:21; 34:1; 34:2; 34:5; 34:9; 34:10; 34:11; 34:12; 26:35; Exodus 34:11; 34:12; Deuteronomy 7:1; 7:2; 7:3; 7:4; Genesis 34:13; 34:7; 34:14; 34:15; 34:17; 34:18; 34:23; 34:30 and 34:31 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Genesis 33:18; 33:19; 33:20; 30:21; 34:1; 34:2; 34:5; 34:9; 34:10; 34:11; 34:12; 26:35; Exodus 34:11; 34:12; Deuteronomy 7:1; 7:2; 7:3; 7:4; Genesis 34:13; 34:7; 34:14; 34:15; 34:17; 34:18; 34:23; 34:30 and 34:31 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.

Genesis 33:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 33:18 (KJV)

Genesis 33:18 (NET)
And Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan-aram; and encamped before the city. And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padanaram; and pitched his tent before the city. After he left Paddan Aram, Jacob came safely to the city of Shechem in the land of Canaan, and he camped near the city.

Genesis 33:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 33:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἦλθεν Ιακωβ εἰς Σαλημ πόλιν Σικιμων ἥ ἐστιν ἐν γῇ Χανααν ὅτε ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας Συρίας καὶ παρενέβαλεν κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἦλθεν ᾿Ιακὼβ εἰς Σαλὴμ πόλιν Σικίμων, ἥ ἐστιν ἐν γῇ Χαναάν, ὅτε ἐπανῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας Συρίας, καὶ παρενέβαλε κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς πόλεως

Genesis 33:18 (NETS)

Genesis 33:18 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob came to Salem, a city of Sikima, which is in the land of Chanaan, when he came from Mesopotamia of Syria, and he encamped facing the city. And Jacob came to Salem, a city of Secima, which is in the land of Chanaan, when he departed out of Mesopotamia of Syria, and took up a position in front of the city.

Genesis 33:19 (Tanakh)

Genesis 33:19 (KJV)

Genesis 33:19 (NET)
And he bought the parcel of ground, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of money. And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for an hundred pieces of money. Then he purchased the portion of the field where he had pitched his tent; he bought it from the sons of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for 100 pieces of money.

Genesis 33:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 33:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκτήσατο τὴν μερίδα τοῦ ἀγροῦ οὗ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ παρὰ Εμμωρ πατρὸς Συχεμ ἑκατὸν ἀμνῶν καὶ ἐκτήσατο τὴν μερίδα τοῦ ἀγροῦ, οὗ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ, παρὰ ᾿Εμμὼρ πατρὸς Συχὲμ ἑκατὸν ἀμνῶν

Genesis 33:19 (NETS)

Genesis 33:19 (English Elpenor)
And from Hemmor, Sychem’s father, he acquired for one hundred lambs the portion of the field, there where he has et up his tent, And he bought the portion of the field, where he pitched his tent, of Emmor the father of Sychem, for a hundred lambs.

Genesis 33:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 33:20 (KJV)

Genesis 33:20 (NET)
And he erected there an altar, and called it El-elohe-Israel. And he erected there an altar, and called it Elelohe-Israel. There he set up an altar and called it “The God of Israel is God.”

Genesis 33:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 33:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο τὸν θεὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο τὸν Θεὸν ᾿Ισραήλ

Genesis 33:20 (NETS)

Genesis 33:20 (English Elpenor)
and there he set up an altar and invoked the God of Israel. And he set up there an altar, and called on the God of Israel.

Genesis 30:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 30:21 (KJV)

Genesis 30:21 (NET)
And afterwards she bore a daughter, and called her name Dinah. And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name Dinah. After that she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.

Genesis 30:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 30:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἔτεκεν θυγατέρα καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Δινα καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἔτεκε θυγατέρα καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Δείνα

Genesis 30:21 (NETS)

Genesis 30:21 (English Elpenor)
And afterwards she bore a daughter and called here name Dina. And after this she bore a daughter; and she called her name, Dina.

Genesis 34:1 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:1 (KJV)

Genesis 34:1 (NET)
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. Now Dinah, Leah’s daughter whom she bore to Jacob, went to meet the young women of the land.

Genesis 34:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐξῆλθεν δὲ Δινα ἡ θυγάτηρ Λειας ἣν ἔτεκεν τῷ Ιακωβ καταμαθεῖν τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν ἐγχωρίων ΕΞΗΛΘΕ δὲ Δείνα ἡ θυγάτηρ Λείας, ἣν ἔτεκε τῷ ᾿Ιακώβ, καταμαθεῖν τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν ἐγχωρίων

Genesis 34:1 (NETS)

Genesis 34:1 (English Elpenor)
Now Dina the daughter of Leia, whom she had borne to Iakob, went out to observe the daughters of the inhabitants. AND Dina, the daughter of Lea, whom she bore to Jacob, went forth to observe the daughters of the inhabitants.

Genesis 34:2 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:2 (KJV)

Genesis 34:2 (NET)
And Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her; and he took her, and lay with her, and humbled her. And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her. When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her.

Genesis 34:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὴν Συχεμ ὁ υἱὸς Εμμωρ ὁ Χορραῖος ὁ ἄρχων τῆς γῆς καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὴν ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὴν Συχὲμ ὁ υἱὸς ᾿Εμμὼρ ὁ Εὐαῖος, ὁ ἄρχων τῆς γῆς καὶ λαβὼν αὐτήν, ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν

Genesis 34:2 (NETS)

Genesis 34:2 (English Elpenor)
And Sychem the son of Hemmor the Chorrite, the ruler of the land, saw her, and seizing her he lay with her and humbled her. And Sychem the son of Emmor the Evite, the ruler of the land, saw her, and took her and lay with her, and humbled her.

Genesis 34:5 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:5 (KJV)

Genesis 34:5 (NET)
Now Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter; and his sons were with his cattle in the field; and Jacob held his peace until they came. And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come. When Jacob heard that Shechem had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field. So Jacob remained silent until they came in.

Genesis 34:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
Ιακωβ δὲ ἤκουσεν ὅτι ἐμίανεν ὁ υἱὸς Εμμωρ Διναν τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ἦσαν μετὰ τῶν κτηνῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ παρεσιώπησεν δὲ Ιακωβ ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν αὐτούς ᾿Ιακὼβ δὲ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι ἐμίανεν ὁ υἱὸς ᾿Εμμὼρ Δείναν τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ· οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ἦσαν μετὰ τῶν κτηνῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ. παρεσιώπησε δὲ ᾿Ιακὼβ ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν αὐτούς

Genesis 34:5 (NETS)

Genesis 34:5 (English Elpenor)
Now Iakob heard that the son of Hemmor had defiled his daughter Dina, but his sons were with his livestock in the plain, and Iakob kept silent until they came. And Jacob heard that the son of Emmor had defiled Dina his daughter (now his sons were with his cattle in the plain). And Jacob was silent until they came.

Genesis 34:9 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:9 (KJV)

Genesis 34:9 (NET)
And make ye marriages with us; give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you. And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you. Intermarry with us. Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves.

Genesis 34:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπιγαμβρεύσασθε ἡμῖν τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν δότε ἡμῖν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας ἡμῶν λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπιγαμβρεύσασθε ἡμῖν· τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν δότε ἡμῖν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας ἡμῶν λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν

Genesis 34:9 (NETS)

Genesis 34:9 (English Elpenor)
Make marriages with us; give your daughters to us, and take our daughters for your sons. and intermarry with us. Give us your daughters, and take our daughters for your sons.

Genesis 34:10 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:10 (KJV)

Genesis 34:10 (NET)
And ye shall dwell with us; and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.’ And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein. You may live among us, and the land will be open to you. Live in it, travel freely in it, and acquire property in it.”

Genesis 34:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν κατοικεῖτε καὶ ἡ γῆ ἰδοὺ πλατεῖα ἐναντίον ὑμῶν κατοικεῖτε καὶ ἐμπορεύεσθε ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐγκτήσασθε ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν κατοικεῖτε, καὶ ἡ γῆ ἰδοὺ πλατεῖα ἐναντίον ὑμῶν· κατοικεῖτε καὶ ἐμπορεύεσθε ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐγκτᾶσθε ἐν αὐτῇ

Genesis 34:10 (NETS)

Genesis 34:10 (English Elpenor)
And settle among us, and as for the land, see, it is broad before you; settle, and travel for business in it, and acquire property in it.” And dwell in the midst of us; and, behold, the land is spacious before you, dwell in it, and trade, and get possessions in it.

Genesis 34:11 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:11 (KJV)

Genesis 34:11 (NET)
And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren: ‘Let me find favour in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give. And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give. Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me I’ll give.

Genesis 34:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ Συχεμ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτῆς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῆς εὕροιμι χάριν ἐναντίον ὑμῶν καὶ ὃ ἐὰν εἴπητε δώσομεν εἶπε δὲ Συχὲμ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτῆς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῆς· εὕροιμι χάριν ἐναντίον ὑμῶν, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν εἴπητε, δώσομεν

Genesis 34:11 (NETS)

Genesis 34:11 (English Elpenor)
Then Sychem said to her father and to her brothers, “May I find favor before you, and whatever you say, we will give. And Sychem said to her father and to her brothers, I would find grace before you, and we will give whatever ye shall name.

Genesis 34:12 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:12 (KJV)

Genesis 34:12 (NET)
Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me; but give me the damsel to wife.’ Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife. You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, and I’ll give whatever you ask of me. Just give me the young woman as my wife!”

Genesis 34:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πληθύνατε τὴν φερνὴν σφόδρα καὶ δώσω καθότι ἂν εἴπητέ μοι καὶ δώσετέ μοι τὴν παῖδα ταύτην εἰς γυναῖκα πληθύνατε τὴν φερνὴν σφόδρα, καὶ δώσω καθότι ἂν εἴπητέ μοι, καὶ δώσατέ μοι τὴν παῖδα ταύτην εἰς γυναῖκα

Genesis 34:12 (NETS)

Genesis 34:12 (English Elpenor)
Increase the bride price very much, and I will give it, just as you tell me, and you shall give me this girl for a wife.” Multiply [your demand of] dowry very much, and I will give accordingly as ye shall say to me, only ye shall give me this damsel for a wife.

Genesis 26:35 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:35 (KJV)

Genesis 26:35 (NET)
And they were a bitterness of spirit unto Isaac and to Rebekah. Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah. They caused Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety.

Genesis 26:35 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:35 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἦσαν ἐρίζουσαι τῷ Ισαακ καὶ τῇ Ρεβεκκα καὶ ἦσαν ἐρίζουσαι τῷ ᾿Ισαὰκ καὶ τῇ Ρεβέκκᾳ

Genesis 26:35 (NETS)

Genesis 26:35 (English Elpenor)
And they were contending with Isaak and with Rebekka. And they were provoking to Isaac and Rebecca.

Exodus 34:11 (Tanakh)

Exodus 34:11 (KJV)

Exodus 34:11 (NET)
Observe thou that which I am commanding thee this day; behold, I am driving out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. “Obey what I am commanding you this day. I am going to drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

Exodus 34:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 34:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πρόσεχε σὺ πάντα ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐκβάλλω πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον πρόσεχε σὺ πάντα, ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι. ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐκβάλλω πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὸν ᾿Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Εὐαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ ᾿Ιεβουσαῖον

Exodus 34:11 (NETS)

Exodus 34:11 (English Elpenor)
Mind all the things that I command you. Look, I am casting out from before you the Amorite and Chananite and Pherezite and Heuite and Gergesite and Iebousite. Do thou take heed to all things whatsoever I command thee: behold, I cast out before your face the Amorite and the Chananite and the Pherezite, and the Chettite, and Evite, and Gergesite and Jebusite:

Exodus 34:12 (Tanakh)

Exodus 34:12 (KJV)

Exodus 34:12 (NET)
Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest they be for a snare in the midst of thee. Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee: Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare among you.

Exodus 34:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 34:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ μήποτε θῇς διαθήκην τοῖς ἐγκαθημένοις ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ εἰς αὐτήν μή σοι γένηται πρόσκομμα ἐν ὑμῖν πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ, μή ποτε θῇς διαθήκην τοῖς ἐγκαθημένοις ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ εἰς αὐτήν, μή σοι γένηται πρόσκομμα ἐν ὑμῖν

Exodus 34:12 (NETS)

Exodus 34:12 (English Elpenor)
Mind yourself, lest you make a covenant with those dwelling on the land that you are entering into, lest it become a stumbling block for you. take heed to thyself, lest at any time thou make a covenant with the dwellers on the land, into which thou art entering, lest it be to thee a stumbling-block among you.

Deuteronomy 7:1 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 7:1 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 7:1 (NET)
When HaShem thy G-d shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and shall cast out many nations before thee, the Hittite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you—Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and powerful than you—

Deuteronomy 7:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 7:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ εἰσαγάγῃ σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου εἰς τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι καὶ ἐξαρεῖ ἔθνη μεγάλα ἀπὸ προσώπου σου τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον ἑπτὰ ἔθνη πολλὰ καὶ ἰσχυρότερα ὑμῶν ΕΑΝ δὲ εἰσάγῃ σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εἰς τὴν γῆν, εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν, καὶ ἐξάρῃ ἔθνη μεγάλα ἀπὸ προσώπου σου, τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ Γεργεσσαῖον καὶ ᾿Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Εὐαῖον καὶ ᾿Ιεβουσαῖον, ἑπτὰ ἔθνη πολλὰ καὶ ἰσχυρότερα ὑμῶν

Deuteronomy 7:1 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 7:1 (English Elpenor)
Now if the Lord your God brings you into the land that you are entering there to inherit and shall clear away great and numerous nations before you—the Chettite and the Gergesite and the Amorrite and the Chananite and the Pherezite and the Heuite and the Iebousite, seven nations numerous and mightier than you— And when the Lord thy God shall bring thee into the land, into which thou goest to possess it, and shall remove great nations from before thee, the Chettite, and Gergesite, and Amorite, and Chananite, and Pherezite, and Evite, and Jebusite, seven nations [more] numerous and stronger than you,

Deuteronomy 7:2 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 7:2 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 7:2 (NET)
and when HaShem thy G-d shall deliver them up before thee, and thou shalt smite them; then thou shalt utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor show mercy unto them; And when the LORD thy God shall deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor shew mercy unto them: and he delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate them. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy!

Deuteronomy 7:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 7:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ παραδώσει αὐτοὺς κύριος ὁ θεός σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου καὶ πατάξεις αὐτούς ἀφανισμῷ ἀφανιεῖς αὐτούς οὐ διαθήσῃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς διαθήκην οὐδὲ μὴ ἐλεήσητε αὐτούς καὶ παραδώσει αὐτοὺς Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου καὶ πατάξεις αὐτούς, ἀφανισμῷ ἀφανιεῖς αὐτούς, οὐ διαθήσῃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς διαθήκην, οὐδὲ μὴ ἐλεήσητε αὐτούς

Deuteronomy 7:2 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 7:2 (English Elpenor)
and the Lord your God shall deliver them into your hands and you shall strike them, by annihilation you shall annihilate them. You shall not establish a covenant with them, neither shall you have mercy on them. and the Lord thy God shall deliver them into thy hands, then thou shalt smite them: thou shalt utterly destroy them: thou shalt not make a covenant with them, neither shall ye pity them:

Deuteronomy 7:3 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 7:3 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 7:3 (NET)
neither shalt thou make marriages with them: thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son. Neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son. You must not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,

Deuteronomy 7:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 7:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐδὲ μὴ γαμβρεύσητε πρὸς αὐτούς τὴν θυγατέρα σου οὐ δώσεις τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ οὐ λήμψῃ τῷ υἱῷ σου οὐδὲ μὴ γαμβρεύσητε πρὸς αὐτούς· τὴν θυγατέρα σου οὐ δώσεις τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ οὐ λήψῃ τῷ υἱῷ σου

Deuteronomy 7:3 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 7:3 (English Elpenor)
Neither shall you intermarry with them. You shall not give your daughter to his son, and you shall not take his daughter for your son, neither shall ye contract marriages with them: thou shalt not give thy daughter to his son, and thou shalt not take his daughter to thy son.

Deuteronomy 7:4 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 7:4 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 7:4 (NET)
For he will turn away thy son from following Me, that they may serve other gods; so will the anger of HaShem be kindled against you, and He will destroy thee quickly. For they will turn away thy son from following me, that they may serve other gods: so will the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and destroy thee suddenly. for they will turn your sons away from me to worship other gods. Then the anger of the Lord will erupt against you and he will quickly destroy you.

Deuteronomy 7:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 7:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀποστήσει γὰρ τὸν υἱόν σου ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ καὶ λατρεύσει θεοῖς ἑτέροις καὶ ὀργισθήσεται θυμῷ κύριος εἰς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσει σε τὸ τάχος ἀποστήσει γὰρ τὸν υἱόν σου ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ, καὶ λατρεύσει θεοῖς ἑτέροις, καὶ ὀργισθήσεται θυμῷ Κύριος εἰς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐξολοθρεύσει σε τὸ τάχος

Deuteronomy 7:4 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 7:4 (English Elpenor)
for she will turn away your son from me, and he will serve other gods. And the Lord will be angered with wrath against you and will utterly destroy you quickly. For he will draw away thy son from me, and he will serve other gods; and the Lord will be very angry with you, and will soon utterly destroy thee.

Genesis 34:13 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:13 (KJV)

Genesis 34:13 (NET)
And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with guile, and spoke, because he had defiled Dinah their sister, And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister: Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah.

Genesis 34:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀπεκρίθησαν δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Ιακωβ τῷ Συχεμ καὶ Εμμωρ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ μετὰ δόλου καὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἐμίαναν Διναν τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν ἀπεκρίθησαν δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ ᾿Ιακὼβ τῷ Συχὲμ καὶ ᾿Εμμὼρ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ μετὰ δόλου καὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι ἐμίαναν Δείνα τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν

Genesis 34:13 (NETS)

Genesis 34:13 (English Elpenor)
But the sons of Iakob answered Sychem and his father Hemmor with deceit and spoke with them, because they had defiled their sister Dinah, And the sons of Jacob answered to Sychem and Emmor his father craftily, and spoke to them, because they had defiled Dina their sister.

Genesis 34:7 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:7 (KJV)

Genesis 34:7 (NET)
And the sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it; and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought a vile deed in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter; which thing ought not to be done. And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter; which thing ought not to be done. Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. They were offended and very angry because Shechem had disgraced Israel by sexually assaulting Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed.

Genesis 34:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ιακωβ ἦλθον ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν κατενύχθησαν οἱ ἄνδρες καὶ λυπηρὸν ἦν αὐτοῖς σφόδρα ὅτι ἄσχημον ἐποίησεν ἐν Ισραηλ κοιμηθεὶς μετὰ τῆς θυγατρὸς Ιακωβ καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ ᾿Ιακὼβ ἦλθον ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου· ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν, κατενύγησαν οἱ ἄνδρες, καὶ λυπηρὸν ἦν αὐτοῖς σφόδρα, ὅτι ἄσχημον ἐποίησεν ἐν ᾿Ισραὴλ κοιμηθεὶς μετὰ τῆς θυγατρός ᾿Ιακώβ, καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται

Genesis 34:7 (NETS)

Genesis 34:7 (English Elpenor)
And the sons of Iakob came from the plain. And when they heard, the men were cut to the quick, and it was very painful to them because he had done an unseemly thing in Israel by lying with Iakob’s daughter, and it shall not be thus. And the sons of Jacob came from the plain; and when they heard, the men were deeply pained, and it was very grievous to them, because [the man] wrought folly in Israel, having lain with the daughter of Jacob, and so it must not be.

Genesis 34:14 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:14 (KJV)

Genesis 34:14 (NET)
and said unto them: ‘We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us. And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us: They said to them, “We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it would be a disgrace to us.

Genesis 34:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεων καὶ Λευι οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δινας υἱοὶ δὲ Λειας οὐ δυνησόμεθα ποιῆσαι τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο δοῦναι τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν ἔστιν γὰρ ὄνειδος ἡμῖν καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας· οὐ δυνησόμεθα ποιῆσαι τὸ ρῆμα τοῦτο, δοῦναι τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν ἀνθρώπῳ, ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν· ἔστι γὰρ ὄνειδος ἡμῖν

Genesis 34:14 (NETS)

Genesis 34:14 (English Elpenor)
And Symeon and Leui, Dina’s brothers, Leia’s sons, said to them, “We will not be able to carry out this matter, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin, for it is a disgrace to us. And Symeon and Levi, the brothers of Dina, said to them, We shall not be able to do this thing, to give our sister to a man who is uncircumcised, for it is a reproach to us.

Genesis 34:15 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:15 (KJV)

Genesis 34:15 (NET)
Only on this condition will we consent unto you: if ye will be as we are, that every male of you be circumcised; But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, that every male of you be circumcised; We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males.

Genesis 34:15 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐν τούτῳ ὁμοιωθησόμεθα ὑμῖν καὶ κατοικήσομεν ἐν ὑμῖν ἐὰν γένησθε ὡς ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν τῷ περιτμηθῆναι ὑμῶν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν μόνον ἐν τούτῳ ὁμοιωθησόμεθα ὑμῖν καὶ κατοικήσομεν ἐν ὑμῖν, ἐὰν γένησθε ὡς ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν τῷ περιτμηθῆναι ὑμῶν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν

Genesis 34:15 (NETS)

Genesis 34:15 (English Elpenor)
In this we will become like you, if you, even you, become like us when every male of yours has been circumcised, Only on these terms will we conform to you, and dwell among you, if ye also will be as we are, in that every male of you be circumcised.

Genesis 34:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:17 (KJV)

Genesis 34:17 (NET)
But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.’ But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone. But if you do not agree to our terms by being circumcised, then we will take our sister and depart.”

Genesis 34:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εἰσακούσητε ἡμῶν τοῦ περιτέμνεσθαι λαβόντες τὰς θυγατέρας ἡμῶν ἀπελευσόμεθα ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εἰσακούσητε ἡμῶν τοῦ περιτεμέσθαι, λαβόντες τὴν θυγατέρα ἡμῶν ἀπελευσόμεθα

Genesis 34:17 (NETS)

Genesis 34:17 (English Elpenor)
But if you do not listen to us to be circumcised, we will depart, taking our daughters.” But if ye will not hearken to us to be circumcised, we will take our daughter and depart.

Genesis 34:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:18 (KJV)

Genesis 34:18 (NET)
And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor’s son. And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor’s son. Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem.

Genesis 34:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἤρεσαν οἱ λόγοι ἐναντίον Εμμωρ καὶ ἐναντίον Συχεμ τοῦ υἱοῦ Εμμωρ καὶ ἤρεσαν οἱ λόγοι ἐναντίον ᾿Εμμὼρ καὶ ἐναντίον Συχὲμ τοῦ υἱοῦ ᾿Εμμώρ

Genesis 34:18 (NETS)

Genesis 34:18 (English Elpenor)
And their words were pleasing before Hemmor and before Sychem, the son of Hemmor. And the words pleased Emmor, and Sychem the son of Emmor.

Genesis 34:23 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:23 (KJV)

Genesis 34:23 (NET)
Shall not their cattle and their substance and all their beasts be ours? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.’ Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of theirs be ours? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us. If we do so, won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours? So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.”

Genesis 34:23 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τετράποδα οὐχ ἡμῶν ἔσται μόνον ἐν τούτῳ ὁμοιωθῶμεν αὐτοῖς καὶ οἰκήσουσιν μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τετράποδα καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτῶν οὐχ ἡμῶν ἔσται· μόνον ἐν τούτῳ ὁμοιωθῶμεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ οἰκήσουσι μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν

Genesis 34:23 (NETS)

Genesis 34:23 (English Elpenor)
And will not their livestock and their possessions and their quadrupeds be ours? Only in this let us become like them, and they will live with us.” And shall not their cattle and their herds, and their possessions, be ours? only in this let us conform to them, and they will dwell with us.

Genesis 34:30 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:30 (KJV)

Genesis 34:30 (NET)
And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi: ‘Ye have troubled me, to make me odious unto the inhabitants of the land, even unto the Canaanites and the Perizzites; and, I being few in number, they will gather themselves together against me and smite me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house.’ And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house. Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin on me by making me a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land—among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!”

Genesis 34:30 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:30 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ Ιακωβ Συμεων καὶ Λευι μισητόν με πεποιήκατε ὥστε πονηρόν με εἶναι πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν τὴν γῆν ἔν τε τοῖς Χαναναίοις καὶ τοῖς Φερεζαίοις ἐγὼ δὲ ὀλιγοστός εἰμι ἐν ἀριθμῷ καὶ συναχθέντες ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ συγκόψουσίν με καὶ ἐκτριβήσομαι ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ οἶκός μου εἶπε δὲ ᾿Ιακὼβ πρὸς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευί· μισητόν με πεποιήκατε, ὥστε πονηρόν με εἶναι πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσι τὴν γῆν, ἔν τε τοῖς Χαναναίοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς Φερεζαίοις· ἐγὼ δὲ ὀλιγοστός εἰμι ἐν ἀριθμῷ, καὶ συναχθέντες ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ συγκόψουσί με, καὶ ἐκτριβήσομαι ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ οἶκός μου

Genesis 34:30 (NETS)

Genesis 34:30 (English Elpenor)
Then Iakob said to Symeon and Leui, “You have made me hateful so that I am evil to all those inhabiting the land, both among the Chananites and the Pherezites. But as for me, I am few in number, and they, gathering together against me, will chop me up, and I will be annihilated, I and my household.” And Jacob said to Symeon and Levi, Ye have made me hateful so that I should be evil to all the inhabitants of the land, both among the Chananites and the Pherezites, and I am few in number; they will gather themselves against me and cut me in pieces, and I shall be utterly destroyed, and my house.

Genesis 34:31 (Tanakh)

Genesis 34:31 (KJV)

Genesis 34:31 (NET)
And they said: ‘Should one deal with our sister as with a harlot?’ And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot? But Simeon and Levi replied, “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”

Genesis 34:31 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 34:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οἱ δὲ εἶπαν ἀλλ᾽ ὡσεὶ πόρνῃ χρήσωνται τῇ ἀδελφῇ ἡμῶν οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· ἀλλ᾿ ὡσεὶ πόρνῃ χρήσονται τῇ ἀδελφῇ ἡμῶν

Genesis 34:31 (NETS)

Genesis 34:31 (English Elpenor)
Nevertheless they said, “But shall they treat our sister like a whore?” And they said, Nay, but shall they treat our sister as an harlot?

3 Genesis 33:18-20 (NET)

4 Genesis 30:21 (NET)

5 Genesis 34:1 (NET)

6 Genesis 34:2, 3 (NET)

7 Genesis 34:5 (NET)

10 Galatians 5:22, 23 (NET)

11 Genesis 34:8-10 (NET)

12 Genesis 34:11, 12 (NET)

13 Genesis 24:3, 4 (NET)

14 Genesis 26:35 (NET)

15 Exodus 34:11 (NET)

16 Exodus 34:12 (NET)

17 Deuteronomy 7:1-4 (NET)

18 Genesis 34:13 (NET)

19 Genesis 34:7b (NET)

20 Genesis 34:14, 15 (NET)

21 Genesis 17:12, 13a (NET)

22 Genesis 34:17 (NET)

23 Genesis 34:18 (NET)

24 Genesis 34:23 (NET)

26 Deuteronomy 22:28, 29 (NET)

27 Genesis 34:25-29 (NET)

28 Genesis 34:30, 31 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 3

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When there was a famine in the land Abraham’s son Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar.1  The Lord appeared to Isaac and said (Genesis 26:2-5 NET):

Do not go down to Egypt; settle down in the land that I will point out to you.  Stay in this land.  Then I will be with you and will bless you, for I will give all these lands to you and to your descendants, and I will fulfill the solemn promise I made to your father Abraham.  I will multiply your descendants so they will be as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give them all these lands.  All the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.  All this will come to pass because Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.

When the men of that place asked him about his wife, he replied, “She is my sister.”  He was afraid (yārē’, יָרֵא֙) to say, “She is my wife,” for he thought to himself, “The men of this place will kill me to get Rebekah because she is very beautiful.”2  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose ἐφοβήθη (a form of φοβέω) here.

Peter and Jesus’ other disciples were in a boat that was taking a beating from the waves because the wind was against it.  As the night was ending, Jesus came to them walking on the sea.  When the disciples saw him walking on the water they were terrified and said, “It’s a ghost!” and cried out with fear (φόβου, a form of φόβος). But immediately Jesus spoke to them: “Have courage!  It is I.  Do not be afraid (φοβεῖσθε, another form of φοβέω)” [Table].  Peter said to him, “Lord, if it is you, order me to come to you on the water.”  So he said, “Come.”  Peter got out of the boat, walked on the water, and came toward Jesus [Table].  But when he saw the strong wind he became afraid (ἐφοβήθη, a form of φοβέω).3

After Isaac had been in Gerar a long time Abimelech looked out a window and saw him caressing Rebekah in a way that caused him to doubt that she was Isaac’s sister.  So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really your wife!  Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?”  Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.”4  Then Abimelech rebuked Isaac, What in the world have you done to us?  One of the men might easily have had sexual relations with your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us!5

As Peter started to sink, he cried out, “Lord, save me!”  Immediately Jesus reached out his hand and caught him, saying to him, “You of little faith, why did you doubt?”6

Eventually Isaac left Gerar and journeyed to Beer Sheba.  The Lord appeared to him that night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham.  Do not be afraid (yārē’, תִּירָא֙), for I am with you.  I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham.”7 The rabbis chose φοβοῦ (a form of φοβέω) here.

In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy [John the Baptist’s mother], the angel Gabriel was sent by8 God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth,9 to a virgin engaged10 to a man whose name was Joseph, a descendant of David,11 and the virgin’s name was Mary.  The angel12 came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one, the Lord is with you!”13  But14 she was greatly troubled by his15 words and began to wonder about the meaning of this greeting.  So the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, a form of φοβέω), Mary, for you have found favor with God!16

Then Isaac built an altar there and worshiped the Lord.  He pitched his tent there, and his servants dug a well.17  So Mary said, “Yes, I am a servant of the Lord; let this happen to me according to your word.”18  Both Isaac and Mary responded admirably to the Lord’s encouragement, Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, a form of φοβέω).

As Isaac’s son Jacob fled (from his elder brother Esau’s threat to kill him) to his mother Rebekah’s brother Laban, he stopped for the night and had a dream (Genesis 28:12-15 NET).

He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens.  The angels of God were going up and coming down it and the Lord stood at its top.  He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac.  I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on.  Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, east, north, and south.  All the families of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using your name and that of your descendants.  I am with you!  I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land.  I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!”

Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”  He was afraid (yārē’, וַיִּירָא֙) and said, “What an awesome (yārē’, נּוֹרָ֖א) place this is!  This is nothing else than the house of God!  This is the gate of heaven!”19  The word translated afraid above was ἐφοβήθη in the Septuagint.  The next occurrence of ἐφοβήθη (a form of φοβέω) in the New Testament was in John’s Gospel.  When Pilate heard what [the Jewish leaders] said, he was more afraid (ἐφοβήθη, a form of φοβέω) than ever…20

We have a law, the Jewish leaders had said, and according to our law [Jesus] ought to die, because he claimed to be the Son of God!21  Pilate went back inside and said to Jesus, “Where do you come from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.  So Pilate said, “Do you refuse to speak to me?  Don’t you know I have the authority to release you, and to crucify you?”  Jesus replied, “You would have no authority over me at all, unless it was given to you from above.  Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of greater sin” [Table].22

Pilate’s fear did not prompt him to fall down at Jesus’ feet and plead for mercy.  But, From this point on, Pilate tried to release him.23  In a similar way Jacob’s fear prompted him to make a deal (Genesis 28:18-22 NET).

Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone.  Then he poured oil on top of it.  He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz.  Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear, and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God.  Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”

The word translated awesome in Genesis 28:17 (NET) was φοβερὸς in the Septuagint.  It does not occur in this form in the New Testament.  It was only used three times by the writer of Hebrews (10:26, 27, 28-31; 12:18-21) :

1) For if we deliberately keep on sinning after receiving the knowledge of the truth, no further sacrifice for sins is left for us, but only a certain fearful (φοβερὰ, a form of φοβερός) expectation of judgment and a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies.

2) Someone who rejected the law of Moses was put to death without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses [Table].  How much greater punishment do you think that person deserves who has contempt for the Son of God, and profanes the blood of the covenant that made him holy, and insults the Spirit of grace?  For we know the one who said, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” and again, “The Lord will judge his people” [Table]. It is a terrifying (φοβερὸν, another form of φοβερός) thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

3) For you have not come to something24 that can be touched, to a burning fire and darkness and gloom25 and a whirlwind and the blast of a trumpet and a voice uttering words such that those who heard begged to hear no more.  For they could not bear what was commanded: “If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned.”26  In fact, the scene was so27 terrifying (φοβερὸν, another form of φοβερός) that Moses28 said, “I shudder with fear (ἔκφοβος).”

Twenty years later, when Jacob fled from Laban with his wives, his children, his flocks, herds, and camels, he explained, “I left secretly because I was afraid (yārē’, יָרֵ֔אתִי)!” Jacob replied to Laban.  “I thought you might take your daughters away from me by force.29  The phrase because I was afraid was not translated in the Septuagint.  (Addendum 1/13/2025: The clause ὅτι ἐφοβήθην, Because I was afraid, is found in the Elpenor Septuagint.) But later as he approached his former home and learned that his brother Esau was coming out to meet him with four hundred men, Jacob was very afraid (yārē’, וַיִּירָ֧א) and upset.  So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels.  “If Esau attacks one camp,” he thought, “then the other camp will be able to escape.”30

After he made these rudimentary preparations he prayed:  “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O Lord, you said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your relatives and I will make you prosper.’”31   He did not yet claim God as his own, but that is the only reference I see to his former oath.  Gone is the pride that made that oath.  In its place was an humble acknowledgement and request, “I am not worthy of all the faithful love you have shown your servant.  With only my walking stick I crossed the Jordan, but now I have become two camps.  Rescue me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid (yārē’, יָרֵ֤א) he will come and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children.”32

Twenty years on his own with God taught Jacob something about dealing with fear.  Faithfully, he reminded God (and perhaps himself) of God’s own words, “But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand on the seashore, too numerous to count.’”33

Jacob’s fear of Esau’s approach was ἐφοβήθη in the Septuagint.  The fifth and final occurrence of ἐφοβήθη was in Luke’s account of Paul’s arrest in Jerusalem.  The Roman commander probably saved Paul’s life but was about to have him interrogated with torture.  Then those who were about to interrogate him stayed away from him, and the commanding officer was frightened (ἐφοβήθη, a form of φοβέω) when he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had had him tied up.34  The Roman commander feared retribution for his own violation of Roman law.  It makes me wonder if Jacob did not sense something of the justice of Esau’s cause despite the overbearing nature of the imagined reprisal.  As it turned out Esau had forgotten or forgiven his grievance against Jacob.  He welcomed his brother’s homecoming (Genesis 33:4-16).

 

Addendum: January 18, 2025
According to a note (37) in the NET, the writer of Hebrews quoted from Deuteronomy 32:35 in Hebrews 10:30. A table comparing the Greek of that quotation with that of the Septuagint follows.

Hebrews 10:30 (NET Parallel Greek)

Deuteronomy 32:35a (Septuagint BLB) Table

Deuteronomy 32:35a (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις, ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω

ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐκδικήσεως ἀνταποδώσω

ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐκδικήσεως ἀνταποδώσω

Hebrews 10:30 (NET)

Deuteronomy 32:35a (NETS)

Deuteronomy 32:35a (English Elpenor)

Vengeance is mine, I will repay

In a day of vengeance, I will repay

In the day of vengeance I will recompense

According to a note (38) in the NET, the writer of Hebrews quoted from Deuteronomy 32:36 in Hebrews 10:30. A table comparing the Greek of that quotation with that of the Septuagint follows.

Hebrews 10:30 (NET Parallel Greek)

Deuteronomy 32:36a (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 32:36a (Septuagint Elpenor)

κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ

κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ

κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ

Hebrews 10:30 (NET)

Deuteronomy 32:36a (NETS)

Deuteronomy 32:36a (English Elpenor)

The Lord will judge his people

the Lord will judge his people

the Lord shall judge his people

According to a note (29) in the NET, the writer of Hebrews quoted from Exodus 19:12-13 in Hebrews 12:20. Tables comparing the Greek of that quotation in the critical text and the Stephanus Textus Receptus with that of the Septuagint follow.

Hebrews 12:20b (NET Parallel Greek)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (Septuagint BLB) Table

Exodus 19:12b-13a (Septuagint Elpenor)

κὰν θηρίον θίγῃ τοῦ ὄρους, λιθοβοληθήσεται

πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει οὐχ ἅψεται αὐτοῦ χείρ ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος

πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει οὐχ ἅψετε αὐτοῦ χείρ· ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται· ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος

Hebrews 12:20b (NET)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (NETS)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (English Elpenor)

If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned

Everyone who touches the mountain shall die by death. A hand shall not touch it. For he shall be stoned with stones or shot with an arrow. Whether animal or whether human,

every one that touches the mountain shall surely die. A hand shall not touch it, for [every one that touches] shall be stoned with stones or shot through with a dart, whether beast or whether man,

Hebrews 12:20b (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (Septuagint BLB) Table

Exodus 19:12b-13a (Septuagint Elpenor)

καν θηριον θιγη του ορους λιθοβοληθησεται η βολιδι κατατοξευθησεται

πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει οὐχ ἅψεται αὐτοῦ χείρ ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος

πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει οὐχ ἅψετε αὐτοῦ χείρ· ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται· ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος

Hebrews 12:20b (KJV)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (NETS)

Exodus 19:12b-13a (English Elpenor)

And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:

Everyone who touches the mountain shall die by death. A hand shall not touch it. For he shall be stoned with stones or shot with an arrow. Whether animal or whether human,

every one that touches the mountain shall surely die. A hand shall not touch it, for [every one that touches] shall be stoned with stones or shot through with a dart, whether beast or whether man,

According to a note (31) in the NET, the writer of Hebrews quoted from Deuteronomy 9:19 in Hebrews 12:21. A table comparing the Greek of that quotation with that of the Septuagint follows.

Hebrews 12:21 (NET Parallel Greek)

Deuteronomy 9:19a (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 9:19a (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἔκφοβος εἰμι καὶ ἔντρομος

ἔκφοβός εἰμι διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θυμόν

ἔκφοβός εἰμι διὰ τὸν θυμὸν καὶ τὴν ὀργήν

Hebrews 12:21 (NET)

Deuteronomy 9:19a (NETS)

Deuteronomy 9:19a (English Elpenor)

I shudder with fear

I was terrified on account of the wrath and anger

I was greatly terrified because of the wrath and anger

Tables comparing Genesis 26:1; 26:2; 26:3; 26:4; 26:5; 26:7; 26:9; 26:10; 26:24; 26:25; 28:12; 28:13; 28:14; 28:15; 28:16; 28:17; 28:18; 28:19; 28:20; 28:21; 28:22; 31:31; 32:7 (32:8); 32:8 (32:9); 32:9 (32:10); 32:10 (32:11); 32:11 (32:12); 32:12 (32:13); Deuteronomy 32:36; Exodus 19:12; 19:13 and Deuteronomy 9:19 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Genesis 26:1; 26:2; 26:3; 26:4; 26:5; 26:7; 26:9; 26:10; 26:24; 26:25; 28:12; 28:13; 28:14; 28:15; 28:16; 28:17; 28:18; 28:19; 28:20; 28:21; 28:22; 31:31; 32:7; 32:8; 32:9; 32:10; 32:11; 32:12; Deuteronomy 32:36; Exodus 19:12; 19:13 and Deuteronomy 9:19 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Luke 1:26-29; Hebrews 12:18 and 12:20, 21 in the KJV and NET follow.

Genesis 26:1 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:1 (KJV)

Genesis 26:1 (NET)
And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the Philistines unto Gerar. And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the Philistines unto Gerar. There was a famine in the land, subsequent to the earlier famine that occurred in the days of Abraham. Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar.

Genesis 26:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐγένετο δὲ λιμὸς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς χωρὶς τοῦ λιμοῦ τοῦ πρότερον ὃς ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τῷ Αβρααμ ἐπορεύθη δὲ Ισαακ πρὸς Αβιμελεχ βασιλέα Φυλιστιιμ εἰς Γεραρα ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ δὲ λιμὸς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς χωρὶς τοῦ λιμοῦ τοῦ πρότερον, ὃς ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τοῦ ῾Αβραάμ· ἐπορεύθη δὲ ᾿Ισαὰκ πρὸς ᾿Αβιμέλεχ βασιλέα Φυλιστιεὶμ εἰς Γέραρα

Genesis 26:1 (NETS)

Genesis 26:1 (English Elpenor)
Now a famine occurred upon the land, besides the former famine that had occurred in the time of Abraam. Then Isaak went to Gerara, to Abimelech, king of Phylisteim. AND there was a famine in the land, besides the former famine, which was in the time of Abraam; and Isaac went to Abimelech the king of the Phylistines to Gerara.

Genesis 26:2 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:2 (KJV)

Genesis 26:2 (NET)
And HaShem appeared unto him, and said: ‘Go not down unto Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of. And the LORD appeared unto him, and said, Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of: The Lord appeared to Isaac and said, “Do not go down to Egypt; settle down in the land that I will point out to you.

Genesis 26:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὤφθη δὲ αὐτῷ κύριος καὶ εἶπεν μὴ καταβῇς εἰς Αἴγυπτον κατοίκησον δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ ᾗ ἄν σοι εἴπω ὤφθη δὲ αὐτῷ Κύριος καὶ εἶπε· μὴ καταβῇς εἰς Αἴγυπτον· κατοίκησον δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ, ᾗ ἄν σοι εἴπω

Genesis 26:2 (NETS)

Genesis 26:2 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord appeared to him and said, “Do not go down to Egypt, but settle in the land about which I speak to you. And the Lord appeared to him and said, Go not down to Egypt, but dwell in the land, which I shall tell thee of.

Genesis 26:3 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:3 (KJV)

Genesis 26:3 (NET)
Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these lands, and I will establish the oath which I swore unto Abraham thy father; Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; Stay in this land. Then I will be with you and will bless you, for I will give all these lands to you and to your descendants, and I will fulfill the solemn promise I made to your father Abraham.

Genesis 26:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ παροίκει ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ καὶ ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ καὶ εὐλογήσω σε σοὶ γὰρ καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου δώσω πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ στήσω τὸν ὅρκον μου ὃν ὤμοσα Αβρααμ τῷ πατρί σου καὶ παροίκει ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ, καὶ ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ καὶ εὐλογήσω σε· σοὶ γὰρ καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου δώσω πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ στήσω τὸν ὅρκον μου, ὃν ὤμοσα τῷ ῾Αβραὰμ τῷ πατρί σου

Genesis 26:3 (NETS)

Genesis 26:3 (English Elpenor)
And reside in this land as an alien, and I will be with you and will bless you. For to you and to your offspring I will give all this land, and I will establish my oath that I swore to your father Abraam. And sojourn in this land; and I will be with thee, and bless thee, for I will give to thee and to thy seed all this land; and I will establish my oath which I swore to thy father Abraam.

Genesis 26:4 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:4 (KJV)

Genesis 26:4 (NET)
and I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these lands; and by thy seed shall all the nations of the earth bless themselves; And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; I will multiply your descendants so they will be as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give them all these lands. All the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.

Genesis 26:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ πληθυνῶ τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς τοὺς ἀστέρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ δώσω τῷ σπέρματί σου πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς καὶ πληθυνῶ τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς τοὺς ἀστέρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ δώσω τῷ σπέρματί σου πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ταύτην, καὶ εὐλογηθήσονται ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς

Genesis 26:4 (NETS)

Genesis 26:4 (English Elpenor)
And I will make your offspring as numerous as the stars of the sky and will give to your offspring all this land, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in your offspring, And I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven; and I will give to thy seed all this land, and all the nations of the earth shall be blest in thy seed.

Genesis 26:5 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:5 (KJV)

Genesis 26:5 (NET)
because that Abraham hearkened to My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws.’ Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws. All this will come to pass because Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.”

Genesis 26:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ὑπήκουσεν Αβρααμ ὁ πατήρ σου τῆς ἐμῆς φωνῆς καὶ ἐφύλαξεν τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ τὰς ἐντολάς μου καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου καὶ τὰ νόμιμά μου ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ὑπήκουσεν ῾Αβραὰμ ὁ πατήρ σου τῆς ἐμῆς φωνῆς καὶ ἐφύλαξε τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ τὰς ἐντολάς μου καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου καὶ τὰ νόμιμά μου

Genesis 26:5 (NETS)

Genesis 26:5 (English Elpenor)
since your father Abraam obeyed my voice and kept my ordinances and my commandments and my statutes and my precepts.” Because Abraam thy father hearkened to my voice, and kept my injunctions, and my commandments, and my ordinances, and my statutes.

Genesis 26:7 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:7 (KJV)

Genesis 26:7 (NET)
And the men of the place asked him of his wife; and he said: ‘She is my sister’; for he feared to say: ‘My wife’; ‘lest the men of the place should kill me for Rebekah, because she is fair to look upon.’ And the men of the place asked him of his wife; and he said, She is my sister: for he feared to say, She is my wife; lest, said he, the men of the place should kill me for Rebekah; because she was fair to look upon. When the men of that place asked him about his wife, he replied, “She is my sister.” He was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” for he thought to himself, “The men of this place will kill me to get Rebekah because she is very beautiful.”

Genesis 26:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπηρώτησαν δὲ οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου περὶ Ρεβεκκας τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν ἀδελφή μού ἐστιν ἐφοβήθη γὰρ εἰπεῖν ὅτι γυνή μού ἐστιν μήποτε ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτὸν οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου περὶ Ρεβεκκας ὅτι ὡραία τῇ ὄψει ἦν ᾿Επηρώτησαν δὲ οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου περὶ Ρεβέκκας τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν· ἀδελφή μου ἐστίν· ἐφοβήθη γὰρ εἰπεῖν ὅτι γυνή μου ἐστί, μήποτε ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτὸν οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου περὶ Ρεβέκκας, ὅτι ὡραία τῇ ὄψει ἦν

Genesis 26:7 (NETS)

Genesis 26:7 (English Elpenor)
Then the men of the place asked about his wife Rebekka, and he said, “She is my sister,” for he was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” lest perhaps the men of the place kill him for the sake of Rebekka, because she was attractive in appearance. And the men of the place questioned him concerning Rebecca his wife, and he said, She is my sister, for he feared to say, She is my wife, lest at any time the men of the place should slay him because of Rebecca, because she was fair.

Genesis 26:9 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:9 (KJV)

Genesis 26:9 (NET)
And Abimelech called Isaac, and said: ‘Behold, of a surety she is thy wife; and how saidst thou: She is my sister?’ And Isaac said unto him: ‘Because I said: Lest I die because of her.’ And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife: and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die for her. So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.”

Genesis 26:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐκάλεσεν δὲ Αβιμελεχ τὸν Ισαακ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἄρα γε γυνή σού ἐστιν τί ὅτι εἶπας ἀδελφή μού ἐστιν εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ Ισαακ εἶπα γάρ μήποτε ἀποθάνω δι᾽ αὐτήν ἐκάλεσε δὲ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τὸν ᾿Ισαὰκ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἆρά γε γυνή σου ἐστί; τί ὅτι εἶπας, ἀδελφή μου ἐστίν; εἶπε δὲ αὐτῷ ᾿Ισαάκ· εἶπα γάρ, μήποτε ἀποθάνω δι᾿ αὐτήν

Genesis 26:9 (NETS)

Genesis 26:9 (English Elpenor)
Then Abimelech summoned Isaak and said to him, “So then she is your wife! Why is that you said, ‘She is my sister’?” And Isaak said to him, “Because I said, ‘Lest perhaps I die because of her’.” And Abimelech called Isaac, and said to him, Is she then thy wife? why hast thou said, She is my sister? And Isaac said to him, [I did so], for I said, Lest at any time I die on her account.

Genesis 26:10 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:10 (KJV)

Genesis 26:10 (NET)
And Abimelech said: ‘What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might easily have lain with thy wife, and thou wouldest have brought guiltiness upon us.’ And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltiness upon us. Then Abimelech exclaimed, “What in the world have you done to us? One of the men nearly took your wife to bed, and you would have brought guilt on us!”

Genesis 26:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ Αβιμελεχ τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν μικροῦ ἐκοιμήθη τις τοῦ γένους μου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός σου καὶ ἐπήγαγες ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἄγνοιαν εἶπε δὲ αὐτῷ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ· τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν; μικροῦ ἐκοιμήθη τις ἐκ τοῦ γένους μου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός σου, καὶ ἐπήγαγες ἂν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἄγνοιαν

Genesis 26:10 (NETS)

Genesis 26:10 (English Elpenor)
And Abimelech said to him, “What is this you have done to us? Very nearly did someone of my kin lie with your wife, and you had brought ignorance upon us.” And Abimelech said to him, Why hast thou done this to us? one of my kindred within a little had lain with thy wife, and thou wouldest have brought [a sin of] ignorance upon us.

Genesis 26:24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:24 (KJV)

Genesis 26:24 (NET)
And HaShem appeared unto him the same night, and said: ‘I am the G-d of Abraham thy father. Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for My servant Abraham’s sake.’ And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham’s sake. The Lord appeared to him that night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not be afraid, for I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham.”

Genesis 26:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὤφθη αὐτῷ κύριος ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ καὶ εἶπεν ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς Αβρααμ τοῦ πατρός σου μὴ φοβοῦ μετὰ σοῦ γάρ εἰμι καὶ ηὐλόγηκά σε καὶ πληθυνῶ τὸ σπέρμα σου διὰ Αβρααμ τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ ὤφθη αὐτῷ Κύριος ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ καὶ εἶπεν· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς ῾Αβραὰμ τοῦ πατρός σου· μὴ φοβοῦ· μετὰ σοῦ γάρ εἰμι καὶ εὐλογήσω σε καὶ πληθυνῶ τὸ σπέρμα σου δι᾿ ῾Αβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα σου

Genesis 26:24 (NETS)

Genesis 26:24 (English Elpenor)
And on that night the Lord appeared to him and said, “I am the God of your father Abraam; do not be afraid, for I am with you and have blessed you and will make your offspring numerous for your father Abraam’s sake.” And the Lord appeared to him in that night, and said, I am the God of Abraam thy father; fear not, for I am with thee, and I will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for the sake of Abraam thy father.

Genesis 26:25 (Tanakh)

Genesis 26:25 (KJV)

Genesis 26:25 (NET)
And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of HaShem, and pitched his tent there; and there Isaac’s servants digged a well. And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of the LORD, and pitched his tent there: and there Isaac’s servants digged a well. Then Isaac built an altar there and worshiped the Lord. He pitched his tent there, and his servants dug a well.

Genesis 26:25 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 26:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου καὶ ἔπηξεν ἐκεῖ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ ὤρυξαν δὲ ἐκεῖ οἱ παῖδες Ισαακ φρέαρ καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου καὶ ἔπηξεν ἐκεῖ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ· ὤρυξαν δὲ ἐκεῖ οἱ παῖδες ᾿Ισαὰκ φρέαρ ἐν τῇ φάραγγι Γεράρων

Genesis 26:25 (NETS)

Genesis 26:25 (English Elpenor)
And he built an altar there and invoked the name of the Lord and pitched his tent there. And there Isaak’s servants dug a well. And he built there an altar, and called on the name of the Lord, and there he pitched his tent, and there the servants of Isaac dug a well in the valley of Gerara.

Genesis 28:12 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:12 (KJV)

Genesis 28:12 (NET)
And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold the angels of G-d ascending and descending on it. And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. and had a dream. He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it

Genesis 28:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐνυπνιάσθη καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίμαξ ἐστηριγμένη ἐν τῇ γῇ ἧς ἡ κεφαλὴ ἀφικνεῖτο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνέβαινον καὶ κατέβαινον ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐνυπνιάσθη, καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίμαξ ἐστηριγμένη ἐν τῇ γῇ, ἧς ἡ κεφαλὴ ἀφικνεῖτο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀνέβαινον καὶ κατέβαινον ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς

Genesis 28:12 (NETS)

Genesis 28:12 (English Elpenor)
And he dreamed, and see, a ladder set firmly in the earth, whose top was reaching into heaven, and the angels of God were ascending and descending on it. and dreamed, and behold a ladder fixed on the earth, whose top reached to heaven, and the angels of God ascended and descended on it.

Genesis 28:13 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:13 (KJV)

Genesis 28:13 (NET)
And, behold, HaShem stood beside him, and said: ‘I am HaShem, the G-d of Abraham thy father, and the G-d of Isaac. The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed. And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on.

Genesis 28:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὁ δὲ κύριος ἐπεστήρικτο ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπεν ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς Αβρααμ τοῦ πατρός σου καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ισαακ μὴ φοβοῦ ἡ γῆ ἐφ᾽ ἧς σὺ καθεύδεις ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς σοὶ δώσω αὐτὴν καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου ὁ δὲ Κύριος ἐπεστήρικτο ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπεν· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς ῾Αβραὰμ τοῦ πατρός σου, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ᾿Ισαάκ· μὴ φοβοῦ· ἡ γῆ, ἐφ᾿ ἧς σὺ καθεύδεις ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς, σοὶ δώσω αὐτήν, καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου

Genesis 28:13 (NETS)

Genesis 28:13 (English Elpenor)
And the Lord leaned on it and said, “I am the Lord, the God of Abraam your father and the God of Isaak; do not be afraid; as for the land which you are sleeping on, I will give it to you and to your offspring. And the Lord stood upon it, and said, I am the God of thy father Abraam, and the God of Isaac; fear not, the land on which thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed.

Genesis 28:14 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:14 (KJV)

Genesis 28:14 (NET)
And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. And in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants.

Genesis 28:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς γῆς καὶ πλατυνθήσεται ἐπὶ θάλασσαν καὶ ἐπὶ λίβα καὶ ἐπὶ βορρᾶν καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἀνατολάς καὶ ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου καὶ ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς γῆς καὶ πλατυνθήσεται ἐπὶ θάλασσαν καὶ ἐπὶ λίβα καὶ ἐπὶ βορρᾶν, καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἀνατολάς, καὶ ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου

Genesis 28:14 (NETS)

Genesis 28:14 (English Elpenor)
And your offspring shall be like the sand of the earth, and it shall widen out to the sea and to the southwest and to the north and to the east, and all the tribes of the earth shall be blessed in you and in your offspring. And thy seed shall be as the sand of the earth; and it shall spread abroad to the sea, and the south, and the north, and to the east; and in thee and in thy seed shall all the tribes of the earth be blessed.

Genesis 28:15 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:15 (KJV)

Genesis 28:15 (NET)
And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and will bring thee back into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.’ And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of. I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!”

Genesis 28:15 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:15 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μετὰ σοῦ διαφυλάσσων σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ πάσῃ οὗ ἐὰν πορευθῇς καὶ ἀποστρέψω σε εἰς τὴν γῆν ταύτην ὅτι οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπω ἕως τοῦ ποιῆσαί με πάντα ὅσα ἐλάλησά σοι καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι μετὰ σοῦ διαφυλάσσων σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ πάσῃ, οὗ ἂν πορευθῇς, καὶ ἀποστρέψω σε εἰς τὴν γῆν ταύτην, ὅτι οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπω, ἕως τοῦ ποιῆσαί με πάντα ὅσα ἐλάλησά σοι

Genesis 28:15 (NETS)

Genesis 28:15 (English Elpenor)
And see, I am with you, carefully guarding you in every way where you might go, and I will bring you back to this land, for I will not leave you until I have done all things that I talked about to you.” And behold I am with thee to preserve thee continually in all the way wherein thou shalt go; and I will bring thee back to this land; for I will not desert thee, until I have done all that I have said to thee.

Genesis 28:16 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:16 (KJV)

Genesis 28:16 (NET)
And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said: ‘Surely HaShem is in this place; and I knew it not.’ And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not. Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”

Genesis 28:16 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐξηγέρθη Ιακωβ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι ἔστιν κύριος ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ᾔδειν καὶ ἐξηγέρθη ᾿Ιακὼβ ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· ὅτι ἔστι Κύριος ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ, ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ᾔδειν

Genesis 28:16 (NETS)

Genesis 28:16 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob woke from his sleep and said, “The Lord is in this place—yet I did not know it!” And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and said, The Lord is in this place, and I knew it not.

Genesis 28:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:17 (KJV)

Genesis 28:17 (NET)
And he was afraid, and said: ‘How full of awe is this place! this is none other than the house of G-d, and this is the gate of heaven.’ And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”

Genesis 28:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐφοβήθη καὶ εἶπεν ὡς φοβερὸς ὁ τόπος οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν τοῦτο ἀλλ᾽ ἢ οἶκος θεοῦ καὶ αὕτη ἡ πύλη τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐφοβήθη καὶ εἶπεν· ὡς φοβερὸς ὁ τόπος οὗτος· οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο ἀλλ᾿ ἢ οἶκος Θεοῦ, καὶ αὕτη ἡ πύλη τοῦ οὐρανοῦ

Genesis 28:17 (NETS)

Genesis 28:17 (English Elpenor)
And he was afraid and said, “How awesome is this place! This is nothing other than a divine house, and this is the gate of heaven.” And he was afraid, and said, How fearful is this place! this is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.

Genesis 28:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:18 (KJV)

Genesis 28:18 (NET)
And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it. And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it. Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone. Then he poured oil on top of it.

Genesis 28:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀνέστη Ιακωβ τὸ πρωὶ καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸν λίθον ὃν ὑπέθηκεν ἐκεῖ πρὸς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτὸν στήλην καὶ ἐπέχεεν ἔλαιον ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον αὐτῆς καὶ ἀνέστη ᾿Ιακὼβ τὸ πρωΐ καὶ ἔλαβε τὸν λίθον, ὃν ὑπέθηκεν ἐκεῖ πρὸς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτὸν στήλην καὶ ἐπέχεεν ἔλαιον ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον αὐτῆς

Genesis 28:18 (NETS)

Genesis 28:18 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob rose in the morning, and he took the stone that he had put down there at his head and set it up for a stele and poured oil on top of it. And Jacob rose up in the morning, and took the stone he [had] laid there by his head, and he set it up [as] a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it.

Genesis 28:19 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:19 (KJV)

Genesis 28:19 (NET)
And he called the name of that place Beth-el, but the name of the city was Luz at the first. And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first. He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz.

Genesis 28:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ιακωβ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου Οἶκος θεοῦ καὶ Ουλαμλους ἦν ὄνομα τῇ πόλει τὸ πρότερον καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου Οἶκος Θεοῦ· καὶ Οὐλαμλοὺζ ἦν ὄνομα τῇ πόλει τὸ πρότερον

Genesis 28:19 (NETS)

Genesis 28:19 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob called the name of that place Divine-house, and the city’s name was formerly Oulamlouz. And he called the name of that place, the House of God; and the name of the city before was Ulam-luz.

Genesis 28:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:20 (KJV)

Genesis 28:20 (NET)
And Jacob vowed a vow, saying: ‘If G-d will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear,

Genesis 28:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ηὔξατο Ιακωβ εὐχὴν λέγων ἐὰν ᾖ κύριος ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ καὶ διαφυλάξῃ με ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ταύτῃ ᾗ ἐγὼ πορεύομαι καὶ δῷ μοι ἄρτον φαγεῖν καὶ ἱμάτιον περιβαλέσθαι καὶ ηὔξατο ᾿Ιακὼβ εὐχὴν λέγων· ἐὰν ᾖ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ διαφυλάξῃ με ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ταύτῃ, ᾗ ἐγὼ πορεύομαι, καὶ δῷ μοι ἄρτον φαγεῖν καὶ ἱμάτιον περιβαλέσθαι

Genesis 28:20 (NETS)

Genesis 28:20 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob made a vow, saying, “If the Lord God should be with me and should carefully guard me in this way that I go and should give me bread to eat and clothing to put on And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If the Lord God will be with me, and guard me throughout on this journey, on which I am going, and give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,

Genesis 28:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:21 (KJV)

Genesis 28:21 (NET)
so that I come back to my father’s house in peace, then shall HaShem be my G-d, So that I come again to my father’s house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God: and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God.

Genesis 28:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀποστρέψῃ με μετὰ σωτηρίας εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ ἔσται μοι κύριος εἰς θεόν καὶ ἀποστρέψῃ με μετὰ σωτηρίας εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ ἔσται Κύριός μοι εἰς Θεόν

Genesis 28:21 (NETS)

Genesis 28:21 (English Elpenor)
and should bring me back to my father’s house in safety, then the Lord shall become god to me, and bring me back in safety to the house of my father, then shall the Lord be for a God to me.

Genesis 28:22 (Tanakh)

Genesis 28:22 (KJV)

Genesis 28:22 (NET)
and this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be G-d’s house; and of all that Thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto Thee.’ And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God’s house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee. Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”

Genesis 28:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 28:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁ λίθος οὗτος ὃν ἔστησα στήλην ἔσται μοι οἶκος θεοῦ καὶ πάντων ὧν ἐάν μοι δῷς δεκάτην ἀποδεκατώσω αὐτά σοι καὶ ὁ λίθος οὗτος, ὃν ἔστησα στήλην, ἔσται μοι οἶκος Θεοῦ, καὶ πάντων, ὧν ἐάν μοι δῷς, δεκάτην ἀποδεκατώσω αὐτά σοι

Genesis 28:22 (NETS)

Genesis 28:22 (English Elpenor)
and this stone, which I have set up for a stele, shall be a divine house to me, and of all things that you might give me, as a tithe I will tithe them to you.” And this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be to me a house of God; and of all whatsoever thou shalt give me, I will tithe a tenth for thee.

Genesis 31:31 (Tanakh)

Genesis 31:31 (KJV)

Genesis 31:31 (NET)
And Jacob answered and said to Laban: ‘Because I was afraid; for I said: Lest thou shouldest take thy daughters from me by force. And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy daughters from me. “I left secretly because I was afraid!” Jacob replied to Laban. “I thought you might take your daughters away from me by force.

Genesis 31:31 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 31:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ιακωβ εἶπεν τῷ Λαβαν εἶπα γάρ μήποτε ἀφέλῃς τὰς θυγατέρας σου ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμά ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ᾿Ιακὼβ εἶπε τῷ Λάβαν· ὅτι ἐφοβήθην· εἶπα γάρ· μή ποτε ἀφέλῃς τὰς θυγατέρας σου ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμά

Genesis 31:31 (NETS)

Genesis 31:31 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob said to Laban in reply, “Because I said, ‘Lest perhaps you take away your daughters from me, and all that is mine’. And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid; for I said, Lest at any time thou shouldest take away thy daughters from me, and all my possessions.

Genesis 32:8 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:7 (KJV)

Genesis 32:7 (NET)
Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed. And he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two camps. Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands; Jacob was very afraid and upset. So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels.

Genesis 32:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐφοβήθη δὲ Ιακωβ σφόδρα καὶ ἠπορεῖτο καὶ διεῖλεν τὸν λαὸν τὸν μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς βόας καὶ τὰ πρόβατα εἰς δύο παρεμβολάς ἐφοβήθη δὲ ᾿Ιακὼβ σφόδρα, καὶ ἠπορεῖτο. καὶ διεῖλε τὸν λαὸν τὸν μεθ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τοὺς βόας καὶ τὰς καμήλους καὶ τὰ πρόβατα εἰς δύο παρεμβολάς

Genesis 32:7 (NETS)

Genesis 32:7 (English Elpenor)
Then Iakob was greatly afraid and perplexed. And he divided the people that were with him and the cattle and the sheep into two companies, And Jacob was greatly terrified, and was perplexed; and he divided the people that was with him, and the cows, and the camels, and the sheep, into two camps.

Genesis 32:9 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:8 (KJV)

Genesis 32:8 (NET)
And he said: ‘If Esau come to the one camp, and smite it, then the camp which is left shall escape.’ And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape. “If Esau attacks one camp,” he thought, “then the other camp will be able to escape.”

Genesis 32:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν Ιακωβ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ Ησαυ εἰς παρεμβολὴν μίαν καὶ ἐκκόψῃ αὐτήν ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολὴ ἡ δευτέρα εἰς τὸ σῴζεσθαι καὶ εἶπεν ᾿Ιακώβ· ἐὰν ἔλθῃ ῾Ησαῦ εἰς παρεμβολὴν μίαν καὶ κόψῃ αὐτήν, ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολὴ ἡ δευτέρα εἰς τὸ σώζεσθαι

Genesis 32:8 (NETS)

Genesis 32:8 (English Elpenor)
and Iakob said, “If Esau should come to one company and eradicate it, then there will be the second company to save itself.” And Jacob said, If Esau should come to one camp, and smite it, the other camp shall be in safety.

Genesis 32:10 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:9 (KJV)

Genesis 32:9 (NET)
And Jacob said: ‘O G-d of my father Abraham, and G-d of my father Isaac, O HaShem, who saidst unto me: Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will do thee good; And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the LORD which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee: Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O Lord, you said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your relatives and I will make you prosper.’

Genesis 32:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ Ιακωβ ὁ θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου Αβρααμ καὶ ὁ θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου Ισαακ κύριε ὁ εἴπας μοι ἀπότρεχε εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς γενέσεώς σου καὶ εὖ σε ποιήσω εἶπε δὲ ᾿Ιακώβ· ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου ῾Αβραὰμ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου ᾿Ισαάκ, Κύριε σὺ ὁ εἰπών μοι, ἀπότρεχε εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς γενέσεώς σου καὶ εὖ σε ποιήσω

Genesis 32:9 (NETS)

Genesis 32:9 (English Elpenor)
And Iakob said, “God of my father Abraam and of my father Isaak, O Lord who said to me, ‘Hurry off to the country of your origin, and I will do you good,’ And Jacob said, God of my father Abraam, and God of my father Isaac, O Lord, thou [art] he that said to me, Depart quickly to the land of thy birth, and I will do thee good.

Genesis 32:11 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:10 (KJV)

Genesis 32:10 (NET)
I am not worthy of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which Thou hast shown unto Thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two camps. I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands. I am not worthy of all the faithful love you have shown your servant. With only my walking stick I crossed the Jordan, but now I have become two camps.

Genesis 32:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἱκανοῦταί μοι ἀπὸ πάσης δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀληθείας ἧς ἐποίησας τῷ παιδί σου ἐν γὰρ τῇ ῥάβδῳ μου διέβην τὸν Ιορδάνην τοῦτον νῦν δὲ γέγονα εἰς δύο παρεμβολάς ἱκανούσθω μοι ἀπὸ πάσης δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀληθείας, ἧς ἐποίησας τῷ παιδί σου· ἐν γὰρ τῇ ῥάβδῳ μου ταύτῃ διέβην τὸν ᾿Ιορδάνην τοῦτον, νυνὶ δὲ γέγονα εἰς δύο παρεμβολάς

Genesis 32:10 (NETS)

Genesis 32:10 (English Elpenor)
it is sufficient for me because of all the righteousness and because of all the truth that you have brought about for your servant, for with my staff I crossed this Jordan, but now I have become two companies. Let there be to me a sufficiency of all the justice and all the truth which thou hast wrought with thy servant; for with this my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two camps.

Genesis 32:12 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:11 (KJV)

Genesis 32:11 (NET)
Deliver me, I pray Thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; for I fear him, lest he come and smite me, the mother with the children. Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children. Rescue me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid he will come and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children.

Genesis 32:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐξελοῦ με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου Ησαυ ὅτι φοβοῦμαι ἐγὼ αὐτόν μήποτε ἐλθὼν πατάξῃ με καὶ μητέρα ἐπὶ τέκνοις ἐξελοῦ με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου, ἐκ χειρὸς ῾Ησαῦ, ὅτι φοβοῦμαι ἐγὼ αὐτόν, μή ποτε ἐλθὼν πατάξῃ με καὶ μητέρα ἐπὶ τέκνοις

Genesis 32:11 (NETS)

Genesis 32:11 (English Elpenor)
Deliver me from the hand of my brother Esau—because I am afraid of him—that he not come smite me and mother with children. Deliver me from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau, for I am afraid of him, lest haply he should come and smite me, and the mother upon the children.

Genesis 32:13 (Tanakh)

Genesis 32:12 (KJV)

Genesis 32:12 (NET)
And Thou saidst: I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.’ And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude. But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand on the seashore, too numerous to count.’”

Genesis 32:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 32:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
σὺ δὲ εἶπας καλῶς εὖ σε ποιήσω καὶ θήσω τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς τὴν ἄμμον τῆς θαλάσσης ἣ οὐκ ἀριθμηθήσεται ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους σὺ δὲ εἶπας· εὖ σε ποιήσω καὶ θήσω τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς τὴν ἄμμον τῆς θαλάσσης, ἣ οὐκ ἀριθμηθήσεται ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους

Genesis 32:12 (NETS)

Genesis 32:12 (English Elpenor)
Yet you said, ‘I will do you great good and make your offspring as the sand ‘f the sea, which shall not be counted for multitude’.” But thou saidst, I will do thee good, and will make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which shall not be numbered for multitude.

Deuteronomy 32:36 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 32:36 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 32:36 (NET)
For HaShem will judge His people, and repent Himself for His servants; when He seeth that their stay is gone, and there is none remaining, shut up or left at large. For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left. The Lord will judge his people, and will change his plans concerning his servants; when he sees that their power has disappeared, and that no one is left, whether confined or set free.

Deuteronomy 32:36 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 32:36 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ παρακληθήσεται εἶδεν γὰρ παραλελυμένους αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκλελοιπότας ἐν ἐπαγωγῇ καὶ παρειμένους ὅτι κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ παρακληθήσεται· εἶδε γὰρ παραλελυμένους αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκλελοιπότας ἐν ἐπαγωγῇ καὶ παρειμένους

Deuteronomy 32:36 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 32:36 (English Elpenor)
For the Lord will judge his people and be comforted over his slaves. For he saw them paralyzed, both failed under attack and enfeebled. For the Lord shall judge his people, and shall be comforted over his servants; for he saw that they were utterly weakened, and failed in the hostile invasion, and were become feeble:

Exodus 19:12 (Tanakh)

Exodus 19:12 (KJV)

Exodus 19:12 (NET)
And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying: Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it; whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death; And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death: You must set boundaries for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed to yourselves not to go up on the mountain nor touch its edge. Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death!

Exodus 19:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 19:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἀφοριεῖς τὸν λαὸν κύκλῳ λέγων προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς τοῦ ἀναβῆναι εἰς τὸ ὄρος καὶ θιγεῖν τι αὐτοῦ πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει καὶ ἀφοριεῖς τὸν λαὸν κύκλῳ λέγων· προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς τοῦ ἀναβῆναι εἰς τὸ ὄρος καὶ θίγειν τι αὐτοῦ· πᾶς ὁ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὄρους θανάτῳ τελευτήσει

Exodus 19:12 (NETS)

Exodus 19:12 (English Elpenor)
And you shall set limits for the people round about, saying, ‘Be on your guard against going onto the mountain and grazing it at all. Everyone who touches the mountain shall die by death. And thou shalt separate the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves that ye go not up into the mountain, nor touch any part of it: every one that touches the mountain shall surely die.

Exodus 19:13 (Tanakh)

Exodus 19:13 (KJV)

Exodus 19:13 (NET)
no hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live; when the ram’s horn soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount.’ There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount. No hand will touch him—but he will surely be stoned or shot through, whether a beast or a human being; he must not live.’ When the ram’s horn sounds a long blast they may go up on the mountain.”

Exodus 19:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Exodus 19:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
οὐχ ἅψεται αὐτοῦ χείρ ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος οὐ ζήσεται ὅταν αἱ φωναὶ καὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες καὶ ἡ νεφέλη ἀπέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους ἐκεῖνοι ἀναβήσονται ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος οὐχ ἅψετε αὐτοῦ χείρ· ἐν γὰρ λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται ἢ βολίδι κατατοξευθήσεται· ἐάν τε κτῆνος ἐάν τε ἄνθρωπος, οὐ ζήσεται. ὅταν αἱ φωναὶ καὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες καὶ ἡ νεφέλη ἀπέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους, ἐκεῖνοι ἀναβήσονται ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος

Exodus 19:13 (NETS)

Exodus 19:13 (English Elpenor)
A hand shall not touch it. For he shall be stoned with stones or shot with an arrow. Whether animal or whether human, it shall not live.’ Whenever the sounds and the trumpets and the cloud leave the mountain, they shall come up on the mountain.” A hand shall not touch it, for [every one that touches] shall be stoned with stones or shot through with a dart, whether beast or whether man, it shall not live: when the voices and trumpets and cloud depart from off the mountain, they shall come up on the mountain.

Deuteronomy 9:19 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 9:19 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 9:19 (NET)
For I was in dread of the anger and hot displeasure, wherewith HaShem was wroth against you to destroy you. But HaShem hearkened unto me that time also. For I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure, wherewith the LORD was wroth against you to destroy you. But the LORD hearkened unto me at that time also. For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger that threatened to destroy you. But he listened to me this time as well.

Deuteronomy 9:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 9:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔκφοβός εἰμι διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θυμόν ὅτι παρωξύνθη κύριος ἐφ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐξολεθρεῦσαι ὑμᾶς καὶ εἰσήκουσεν κύριος ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ καὶ ἔκφοβός εἰμι διὰ τὸν θυμὸν καὶ τὴν ὀργήν, ὅτι παρωξύνθη Κύριος ἐφ᾿ ὑμῖν τοῦ ἐξολοθρεῦσαι ὑμᾶς καὶ εἰσήκουσε Κύριος ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ

Deuteronomy 9:19 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 9:19 (English Elpenor)
And I was terrified on account of the wrath and anger, because the Lord had been provoked against you to destroy you utterly. And the Lord listened to me this time also. And I was greatly terrified because of the wrath and anger, because the Lord was provoked with you utterly to destroy you; yet the Lord hearkened to me at this time also.

Luke 1:26-29 (NET)

Luke 1:26-29 (KJV)
In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth, And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,

Luke 1:26 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:26 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:26 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Ἐν δὲ τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἕκτῳ ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος Γαβριὴλ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς πόλιν τῆς Γαλιλαίας ᾗ ὄνομα Ναζαρὲθ εν δε τω μηνι τω εκτω απεσταλη ο αγγελος γαβριηλ υπο του θεου εις πολιν της γαλιλαιας η ονομα ναζαρετ εν δε τω μηνι τω εκτω απεσταλη ο αγγελος γαβριηλ υπο του θεου εις πολιν της γαλιλαιας η ονομα ναζαρετ
to a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph, a descendant of David, and the virgin’s name was Mary. To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary.

Luke 1:27 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:27 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:27 (Byzantine Majority Text)
πρὸς παρθένον ἐμνηστευμένην ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰωσὴφ ἐξ οἴκου Δαυὶδ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ προς παρθενον μεμνηστευμενην ανδρι ω ονομα ιωσηφ εξ οικου δαβιδ και το ονομα της παρθενου μαριαμ προς παρθενον μεμνηστευμενην ανδρι ω ονομα ιωσηφ εξ οικου δαυιδ και το ονομα της παρθενου μαριαμ
The angel came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one, the Lord is with you!” And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

Luke 1:28 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:28 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:28 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ εἰσελθὼν πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπεν· χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ και εισελθων ο αγγελος προς αυτην ειπεν χαιρε κεχαριτωμενη ο κυριος μετα σου ευλογημενη συ εν γυναιξιν και εισελθων ο αγγελος προς αυτην ειπεν χαιρε κεχαριτωμενη ο κυριος μετα σου ευλογημενη συ εν γυναιξιν
But she was greatly troubled by his words and began to wonder about the meaning of this greeting. And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.

Luke 1:29 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:29 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:29 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ἡ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ διεταράχθη καὶ διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς οὗτος η δε ιδουσα διεταραχθη επι τω λογω αυτου και διελογιζετο ποταπος ειη ο ασπασμος ουτος η δε ιδουσα διεταραχθη επι τω λογω αυτου και διελογιζετο ποταπος ειη ο ασπασμος ουτος

Hebrews 12:18 (NET)

Hebrews 12:18 (KJV)
For you have not come to something that can be touched, to a burning fire and darkness and gloom and a whirlwind For ye are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

Hebrews 12:18 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 12:18 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 12:18 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε ψηλαφωμένῳ καὶ κεκαυμένῳ πυρὶ καὶ γνόφῳ καὶ ζόφῳ καὶ θυέλλῃ ου γαρ προσεληλυθατε ψηλαφωμενω ορει και κεκαυμενω πυρι και γνοφω και σκοτω και θυελλη ου γαρ προσεληλυθατε ψηλαφωμενω ορει και κεκαυμενω πυρι και γνοφω και σκοτω και θυελλη

Hebrews 12:20, 21 (NET)

Hebrews 12:20, 21 (KJV)
For they could not bear what was commanded: “If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned.” (For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:

Hebrews 12:20 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 12:20 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 12:20 (Byzantine Majority Text)
οὐκ ἔφερον γὰρ τὸ διαστελλόμενον· κὰν θηρίον θίγῃ τοῦ ὄρους, λιθοβοληθήσεται ουκ εφερον γαρ το διαστελλομενον καν θηριον θιγη του ορους λιθοβοληθησεται η βολιδι κατατοξευθησεται ουκ εφερον γαρ το διαστελλομενον καν θηριον θιγη του ορους λιθοβοληθησεται
In fact, the scene was so terrifying that Moses said, “I shudder with fear.” And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

Hebrews 12:21 (NET Parallel Greek)

Hebrews 12:21 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Hebrews 12:21 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καί, οὕτω φοβερὸν ἦν τὸ φανταζόμενον, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν· ἔκφοβος εἰμι καὶ ἔντρομος και ουτως φοβερον ην το φανταζομενον μωσης ειπεν εκφοβος ειμι και εντρομος και ουτως φοβερον ην το φανταζομενον μωυσης ειπεν εκφοβος ειμι και εντρομος

1 Genesis 26:1 (NET)

2 Genesis 26:7 (NET)

3 Matthew 14:24-30a (NET)

4 Genesis 26:9 (NET)

5 Genesis 26:10 (NET)

6 Matthew 14:30, 31 (NET)

7 Genesis 26:24 (NET)

8 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀπὸ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had υπο (KJV: from).

10 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐμνηστευμένην here, a participle of μνηστεύω, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μεμνηστευμενην (KJV: espoused). These seem to be alternate spellings of the same part of speech.

13 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ευλογημενη συ εν γυναιξιν (KJV: blessed art thou among women) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

14 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ιδουσα (KJV: when she saw [him]) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

16 Luke 1:26-30 (NET)

17 Genesis 26:25 (NET)

18 Luke 1:38 (NET)

19 Genesis 28:16, 17 (NET)

20 John 19:8 (NET)

21 John 19:7 (NET) Table

22 John 19:9-11 (NET)

23 John 19:12 (NET) Table

24 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ορει (KJV: unto the mount) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

25 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ζόφῳ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had σκοτω (KJV: darkness).

26 The Stephanus Textus Receptus had η βολιδι κατατοξευθησεται (KJV: or thrust through with a dart) here. The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

29 Genesis 31:31 (NET)

30 Genesis 32:7, 8 (NET)

31 Genesis 32:9 (NET)

32 Genesis 32:10, 11 (NET)

33 Genesis 32:12 (NET)

34 Acts 22:29 (NET)

Fear – Genesis, Part 2

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I’m studying fear in the Old Testament to better understand how fear has ended in Christ yet the concept of fearing God continued in the New Testament.  Peter wrote, Honor all people, love the family of believers, fear (φοβεῖσθε, a form of φοβέω) God, honor the king.1  And in Revelation an angel with an eternal gospel to proclaim to2 those who live3 on the earth4 said, Fear (φοβήθητε, another form of φοβέω) God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!5

Abraham moved to Gerar and continued to pass off his beautiful wife Sarah as his sister.  So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her.6  But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him (Genesis 20:3-7 NET):

“You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife [Table].”  Now Abimelech had not gone near her.  He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation? [Table]  Did Abraham not say to me, ‘She is my sister’?  And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’  I have done this with a clear conscience and with innocent hands!” [Table]  Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience.  That is why I have kept you from sinning against me and why I did not allow you to touch her [Table].  But now give back the man’s wife.  Indeed he is a prophet and he will pray for you; thus you will live.  But if you don’t give her back, know that you will surely die along with all who belong to you” [Table].

Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants.  When he told them about all these things, they were terrified (yârêʼ, וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ).7  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose ἐφοβήθησαν (plus σφόδρα, very) here, the 3rd person plural form of φοβέω.  The first occurrence of this form in the New Testament is in Matthew’s account of the healing of the paralytic (Matthew 9:2-8 NET).

Just then some people brought to him a paralytic lying on a stretcher.  When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Have courage, son!  Your sins are forgiven.”  Then some of the experts in the law said to themselves, “This man is blaspheming!”  When Jesus saw their reaction he said, “Why do you respond with evil in your hearts?  Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven’ or to say, ‘Stand up and walk’? [Table]  But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority (ἐξουσίαν, a form of ἐξουσία) on earth to forgive sins” – then he said to the paralytic – “Stand up, take your stretcher, and go home.”  And he stood up and went home.  When the crowd saw this, they were afraid (ἐφοβήθησαν, another form of φοβέω) and honored (ἐδόξασαν, a form of δοξάζω) God who had given such authority (ἐξουσίαν, a form of ἐξουσία) to men [Table].

I have already written8 that I think the repetition of ἐξουσίαν (a form of ἐξουσία) indicates that it was the authority to forgive sins that caused the crowd to fear and to honor God.  The word translated honored above is the same glory that those under God’s wrath in Romans 1:21 withheld from God when they did not glorify him.9  And this connection of fear and honor gives me a clue to better understanding, especially when I return to Abimelech’s rebuke of Abraham (Genesis 20:9, 10 NET).

Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us?  What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom?  You have done things to me that should not be done!”  Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?”

Abraham replied, “Because I thought, ‘Surely no one fears (yir’â, יִרְאַ֣ת) God in this place.  They will kill me because of my wife.’”10  Here, the rabbis who translated the Septuagint chose a different word entirely, θεοσέβεια.  It is a compound of θεός and σέβω.  Negated as ἀσέβεια this is the ungodliness that prompted the revelation of God’s wrath.11  In Abimelech and his people, then, I find a fear of punishment that led to obedience and more.  Abimelech gave Sarah back to Abraham untouched.  He also gave him sheep, cattle, and male and female servants [Table], and said, “Look, my land is before you; live wherever you please[Table].”12

Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children.  For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife.13  And here I think I see the beginning of the fear of punishment that played such a major, albeit imperfect, role in the keeping of the law.

When Ishmael mocked Isaac, Sarah said to Abraham, “Banish that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”14  Abraham wasn’t happy about this at all, but complied when God said to him, “Do not be upset about the boy or your slave wife.  Do all that Sarah is telling you because through Isaac your descendants will be counted [Table].  But I will also make the son of the slave wife into a great nation, for he is your descendant too.”15

Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the wilderness.  When the water Abraham gave her was gone she shoved the child under one of the shrubs,16 his body apparently limp and lethargic from dehydration.  She walked some distance away not wanting to watch her child die.  But God heard the boy’s voice.  The angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and asked her, “What is the matter, Hagar?  Don’t be afraid (yārē’, תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י), for God has heard the boy’s voice right where he is crying.17  This was φοβοῦ (another form of φοβέω) in Greek in the Septuagint.

The second occurrence of this form in the New Testament was found in the story of Zechariah and the angelic announcement of his son’s birth, John the Baptist.  Zechariah, a priest, was chosen by lot to enter the holy place of the Lord and burn incense.18

An angel of the Lord, standing on the right side of the altar of incense, appeared to him.  And Zechariah, visibly shaken when he saw the angel, was seized with fear (φόβος).  But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, another form of φοβέω), Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you will name him John.  Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth,19 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord.  He must never drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth.  He will turn many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God.  And he will go as forerunner before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers back to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him.”20

Zechariah didn’t believe the angel’s message and was struck mute.  The text doesn’t say whether or not Hagar believed.  But God was with the boy [Ishmael] as he grew,21 as surely as John was born to Zechariah and Elizabeth (Luke 1:57-64 NET):

Now the time came for Elizabeth to have her baby, and she gave birth to a son.  Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her, and they rejoiced with her.  On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they wanted to name him Zechariah after his father.  But his mother replied, “No! He must be named John.”  They said22 to her, “But none of23 your relatives24 bears this name.”  So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son.25  He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name26 is John.”  And they were all amazed.  Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue released, and he spoke, blessing God.

Then Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied27 (Luke 1:67-79 NET):

Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, because he has come to help and has redeemed his people.  For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the28 house of his servant David,29 as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago, that we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us.  He has done this to show mercy to our ancestors, and to remember his holy covenant – the oath that he swore to our ancestor Abraham.  This oath grants that we, being rescued from the hand of our30 enemies, may serve him without fear (ἀφόβως), in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live.31  And you,32 child, will be called the prophet of the Most High.  For you will go before33 the Lord to prepare his ways, to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins.  Because of our God’s tender mercy the dawn will break upon34 us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

 

Addendum: December 17, 2024
Tables comparing Genesis 20:8; 20:9; 20:10; 20:17; 20:18; 21:10; 21:13; 21:17 and 21:20 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and tables comparing the Greek of Genesis 20:8; 20:9; 20:10; 20:17; 20:18; 21:10; 21:13; 21:17 and 21:20 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Revelation 14:6, 7; Luke 1:14; 1:61-63; 1:67; 1:69; 1:74-76 and 1:78 in the KJV and NET follow.

Genesis 20:8 (Tanakh)

Genesis 20:8 (KJV)

Genesis 20:8 (NET)
And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears; and the men were sore afraid. Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid. Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified.

Genesis 20:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 20:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὤρθρισεν Αβιμελεχ τὸ πρωὶ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν πάντας τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησεν πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι σφόδρα καὶ ὤρθρισεν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τῷ πρωῒ καὶ ἐκάλεσε πάντας τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησε πάντα τὰ ρήματα ταῦτα εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν, ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι σφόδρα

Genesis 20:8 (NETS)

Genesis 20:8 (English Elpenor)
And Abimelech rose early in the morning and called all his servants and spoke of all these matters in their hearing; then all the men were very much afraid. And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and he spoke all these words in their ears, and all the men feared exceedingly.

Genesis 20:9 (Tanakh)

Genesis 20:9 (KJV)

Genesis 20:9 (NET)
Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him: ‘What hast thou done unto us? and wherein have I sinned against thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done.’ Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him, What hast thou done unto us? and what have I offended thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done. Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!”

Genesis 20:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 20:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Αβιμελεχ τὸν Αβρααμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν μή τι ἡμάρτομεν εἰς σέ ὅτι ἐπήγαγες ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἁμαρτίαν μεγάλην ἔργον ὃ οὐδεὶς ποιήσει πεποίηκάς μοι καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τὸν ῾Αβραάμ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας ἡμῖν; μήτι ἡμάρτομεν εἰς σέ, ὅτι ἐπήγαγες ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἁμαρτίαν μεγάλην; ἔργον, ὃ οὐδεὶς ποιήσει, πεποίηκάς μοι

Genesis 20:9 (NETS)

Genesis 20:9 (English Elpenor)
And Abimelech called Abraam and said to him, “What is this you have done to us? Surely we have not committed some sin in regard to you that you have brought great sin on me and on my kingdom? You have done a deed to me that no one shall do.” And Abimelech called Abraam and said to him, What is this that thou hast done to us? Have we sinned against thee, that thou hast brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin? Thou hast done to me a deed, which no one ought to do.

Genesis 20:10 (Tanakh)

Genesis 20:10 (KJV)

Genesis 20:10 (NET)
And Abimelech said unto Abraham: ‘What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing?’ And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing? Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?”

Genesis 20:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 20:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἶπεν δὲ Αβιμελεχ τῷ Αβρααμ τί ἐνιδὼν ἐποίησας τοῦτο εἶπε δὲ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ τῷ ῾Αβραάμ· τί ἐνιδὼν ἐποίησας τοῦτο

Genesis 20:10 (NETS)

Genesis 20:10 (English Elpenor)
And Abimelech said to Abraam, “What did you observe that you did this?” And Abimelech said to Abraam, What hast thou seen in [me] that thou hast done this?

Genesis 20:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 20:17 (KJV)

Genesis 20:17 (NET)
And Abraham prayed unto G-d; and G-d healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maid-servants; and they bore children. So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maidservants; and they bare children. Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children.

Genesis 20:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 20:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
προσηύξατο δὲ Αβρααμ πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ ἰάσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν Αβιμελεχ καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔτεκον προσηύξατο δὲ ῾Αβραὰμ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, καὶ ἰάσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔτεκον

Genesis 20:17 (NETS)

Genesis 20:17 (English Elpenor)
Then Abraam prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech and his wife and his female slaves, and they gave birth. And Abraam prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his women servants, and they bore children.

Genesis 20:18 (Tanakh)

Genesis 20:18 (KJV)

Genesis 20:18 (NET)
For HaShem had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham’s wife. For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham’s wife. For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife.

Genesis 20:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 20:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ὅτι συγκλείων συνέκλεισεν κύριος ἔξωθεν πᾶσαν μήτραν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Αβιμελεχ ἕνεκεν Σαρρας τῆς γυναικὸς Αβρααμ ὅτι συγκλείων συνέκλεισε Κύριος ἔξωθεν πᾶσαν μήτραν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾿Αβιμέλεχ, ἕνεκεν Σάρρας τῆς γυναικὸς ῾Αβραάμ

Genesis 20:18 (NETS)

Genesis 20:18 (English Elpenor)
For the Lord had, in shutting off, shut off from the outside every womb in the house of Abimelech because of Sarra, Abraam’s wife. Because the Lord had fast closed from without every womb in the house of Abimelech, because of Sarrha Abraam’s wife.

Genesis 21:10 (Tanakh)

Genesis 21:10 (KJV)

Genesis 21:10 (NET)
Wherefore she said unto Abraham: ‘Cast out this bondwoman and her son; for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.’ Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac. So she said to Abraham, “Banish that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”

Genesis 21:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 21:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ εἶπεν τῷ Αβρααμ ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην ταύτην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς οὐ γὰρ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου Ισαακ καὶ εἶπε τῷ ῾Αβραάμ· ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην ταύτην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς· οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου ᾿Ισαάκ

Genesis 21:10 (NETS)

Genesis 21:10 (English Elpenor)
then she said to Abraam, “Cast out this slave-girl and her son; for the son of this slave-girl shall not inherit together with my son Isaak.” then she said to Abraam, Cast out this bondwoman and her son, for the son of this bondwoman shall not inherit with my son Isaac.

Genesis 21:13 (Tanakh)

Genesis 21:13 (KJV)

Genesis 21:13 (NET)
And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed.’ And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. But I will also make the son of the slave wife into a great nation, for he is your descendant too.”

Genesis 21:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 21:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ τὸν υἱὸν δὲ τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ποιήσω αὐτόν ὅτι σπέρμα σόν ἐστιν καὶ τὸν υἱὸν δὲ τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ποιήσω αὐτόν, ὅτι σπέρμα σόν ἐστιν

Genesis 21:13 (NETS)

Genesis 21:13 (English Elpenor)
And as for the son of the slave-girl, I will make him also into a great nation, because he is your offspring.” And moreover I will make the son of this bondwoman a great nation, because he is thy seed.

Genesis 21:17 (Tanakh)

Genesis 21:17 (KJV)

Genesis 21:17 (NET)
And G-d heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of G-d called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her: ‘What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for G-d hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. But God heard the boy’s voice. The angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and asked her, “What is the matter, Hagar? Don’t be afraid, for God has heard the boy’s voice right where he is crying.

Genesis 21:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 21:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εἰσήκουσεν δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἦν καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν Αγαρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τί ἐστιν Αγαρ μὴ φοβοῦ ἐπακήκοεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου σου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἐστιν εἰσήκουσε δὲ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου, οὗ ἦν, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ἄγγελος Θεοῦ τὴν ῎Αγαρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· τί ἐστιν ῎Αγαρ; μὴ φοβοῦ· ἐπακήκοε γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ παιδίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου, οὗ ἐστιν

Genesis 21:17 (NETS)

Genesis 21:17 (English Elpenor)
And God listened to the voice of the child from the place where he was, and God’s angel called Hagar from the sky and said to her, “what is it, Hagar? Do not be afraid, for God has given ear to the voice of your child from the place where he is. And God heard the voice of the child from the place where he was, and an angel of God called Agar out of heaven, and said to her, What is it, Agar? fear not, for God has heard the voice of the child from the place where he is.

Genesis 21:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 21:20 (KJV)

Genesis 21:20 (NET)
And G-d was with the lad, and he grew; and he dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. God was with the boy as he grew. He lived in the wilderness and became an archer.

Genesis 21:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 21:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἦν ὁ θεὸς μετὰ τοῦ παιδίου καὶ ηὐξήθη καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐγένετο δὲ τοξότης καὶ ἦν ὁ Θεὸς μετὰ τοῦ παιδίου, καὶ ηὐξήθη. καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐγένετο δὲ τοξότης

Genesis 21:20 (NETS)

Genesis 21:20 (English Elpenor)
And God was with the child, and he grew up. And he dwelt in the wilderness and became an archer. And God was with the child, and he grew and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer.

Revelation 14:6, 7 (NET)

Revelation 14:6, 7 (KJV)
Then I saw another angel flying directly overhead, and he had an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth—to every nation, tribe, language, and people. And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people,

Revelation 14:6 (NET Parallel Greek)

Revelation 14:6 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Revelation 14:6 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον πετόμενον ἐν μεσουρανήματι, ἔχοντα εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον εὐαγγελίσαι ἐπὶ τοὺς καθημένους ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶν ἔθνος καὶ φυλὴν καὶ γλῶσσαν καὶ λαόν και ειδον αλλον αγγελον πετωμενον εν μεσουρανηματι εχοντα ευαγγελιον αιωνιον ευαγγελισαι τους κατοικουντας επι της γης και παν εθνος και φυλην και γλωσσαν και λαον και ειδον αγγελον πετομενον εν μεσουρανηματι εχοντα ευαγγελιον αιωνιον ευαγγελισαι τους καθημενους επι της γης και επι παν εθνος και φυλην και γλωσσαν και λαον
He declared in a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory because the hour of his judgment has arrived, and worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water!” Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.

Revelation 14:7 (NET Parallel Greek)

Revelation 14:7 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Revelation 14:7 (Byzantine Majority Text)
λέγων ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν καὶ δότε αὐτῷ δόξαν, ὅτι ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα τῆς κρίσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσκυνήσατε τῷ ποιήσαντι τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν καὶ πηγὰς ὑδάτων λεγοντα εν φωνη μεγαλη φοβηθητε τον θεον και δοτε αυτω δοξαν οτι ηλθεν η ωρα της κρισεως αυτου και προσκυνησατε τω ποιησαντι τον ουρανον και την γην και θαλασσαν και πηγας υδατων λεγων εν φωνη μεγαλη φοβηθητε τον θεον και δοτε αυτω δοξαν οτι ηλθεν η ωρα της κρισεως αυτου και προσκυνησατε τω ποιησαντι τον ουρανον και την γην και την θαλασσαν και πηγας υδατων

Luke 1:14 (NET)

Luke 1:14 (KJV)
Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth, And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.

Luke 1:14 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:14 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:14 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ ἔσται χαρά σοι καὶ ἀγαλλίασις καὶ πολλοὶ ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει αὐτοῦ χαρήσονται και εσται χαρα σοι και αγαλλιασις και πολλοι επι τη γεννησει αυτου χαρησονται και εσται χαρα σοι και αγαλλιασις και πολλοι επι τη γεννησει αυτου χαρησονται

Luke 1:61-63 (NET)

Luke 1:61-63 (KJV)
They said to her, “But none of your relatives bears this name.” And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name.

Luke 1:61 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:61 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:61 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτὴν ὅτι οὐδείς ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου ὃς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ και ειπον προς αυτην οτι ουδεις εστιν εν τη συγγενεια σου ος καλειται τω ονοματι τουτω και ειπον προς αυτην οτι ουδεις εστιν εν τη συγγενεια σου ος καλειται τω ονοματι τουτω
So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son. And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called.

Luke 1:62 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:62 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:62 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ἐνένευον δὲ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό ενενευον δε τω πατρι αυτου το τι αν θελοι καλεισθαι αυτον ενενευον δε τω πατρι αυτου το τι αν θελοι καλεισθαι αυτον
He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed. And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all.

Luke 1:63 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:63 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:63 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ αἰτήσας πινακίδιον ἔγραψεν λέγων· Ἰωάννης ἐστὶν ὄνομα αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐθαύμασαν πάντες και αιτησας πινακιδιον εγραψεν λεγων ιωαννης εστιν το ονομα αυτου και εθαυμασαν παντες και αιτησας πινακιδιον εγραψεν λεγων ιωαννης εστιν το ονομα αυτου και εθαυμασαν παντες

Luke 1:67 (NET)

Luke 1:67 (KJV)
Then his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying,

Luke 1:67 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:67 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:67 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Καὶ Ζαχαρίας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἐπλήσθη πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ ἐπροφήτευσεν λέγων και ζαχαριας ο πατηρ αυτου επλησθη πνευματος αγιου και προεφητευσεν λεγων και ζαχαριας ο πατηρ αυτου επλησθη πνευματος αγιου και προεφητευσεν λεγων

Luke 1:69 (NET)

Luke 1:69 (KJV)
For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David;

Luke 1:69 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:69 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:69 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ ἤγειρεν κέρας σωτηρίας ἡμῖν ἐν οἴκῳ Δαυὶδ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ, και ηγειρεν κερας σωτηριας ημιν εν τω οικω δαβιδ του παιδος αυτου και ηγειρεν κερας σωτηριας ημιν εν τω οικω δαυιδ του παιδος αυτου

Luke 1:74-76 (NET)

Luke 1:74-76 (KJV)
that we, being rescued from the hand of our enemies, may serve him without fear, That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear,

Luke 1:74 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:74 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:74 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ἀφόβως ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ρυσθέντας λατρεύειν αὐτῷ αφοβως εκ χειρος των εχθρων ημων ρυσθεντας λατρευειν αυτω αφοβως εκ χειρος των εχθρων ημων ρυσθεντας λατρευειν αυτω
in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live. In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.

Luke 1:75 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:75 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:75 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πάσαις ταῖς ἡμέραις ἡμῶν εν οσιοτητι και δικαιοσυνη ενωπιον αυτου πασας τας ημερας της ζωης ημων εν οσιοτητι και δικαιοσυνη ενωπιον αυτου πασας τας ημερας της ζωης ημων
And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High. For you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways, And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways;

Luke 1:76 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:76 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:76 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Καὶ σὺ δέ, παιδίον, προφήτης ὑψίστου κληθήσῃ· προπορεύσῃ γὰρ ἐνώπιον κυρίου ἑτοιμάσαι ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ και συ παιδιον προφητης υψιστου κληθηση προπορευση γαρ προ προσωπου κυριου ετοιμασαι οδους αυτου και συ παιδιον προφητης υψιστου κληθηση προπορευση γαρ προ προσωπου κυριου ετοιμασαι οδους αυτου

Luke 1:78 (NET)

Luke 1:78 (KJV)
Because of our God’s tender mercy, the dawn will break upon us from on high Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us,

Luke 1:78 (NET Parallel Greek)

Luke 1:78 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Luke 1:78 (Byzantine Majority Text)
διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους θεοῦ ἡμῶν, ἐν οἷς ἐπισκέψεται ἡμᾶς ἀνατολὴ ἐξ ὕψους δια σπλαγχνα ελεους θεου ημων εν οις επεσκεψατο ημας ανατολη εξ υψους δια σπλαγχνα ελεους θεου ημων εν οις επεσκεψατο ημας ανατολη εξ υψους

1 1 Peter 2:17 (NET) Table

5 Revelation 14:7 (NET)

6 Genesis 20:2b (NET) Table

7 Genesis 20:8 (NET)

10 Genesis 20:11 (NET) Table

12 Genesis 20:14, 15 (NET)

13 Genesis 20:17, 18 (NET)

14 Genesis 21:10 (NET)

15 Genesis 21:12, 13 (NET)

16 Genesis 21:15 (NET) Table

17 Genesis 21:17 (NET)

18 Luke 1:9 (NET) Table

20 Luke 1:11-17 (NET)

21 Genesis 21:20a (NET)

26 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article το preceding name. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

27 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπροφήτευσεν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προεφητευσεν. These seem to be alternate spellings of the same part of speech.

28 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the article τω preceding house. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

30 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the personal pronoun ημων here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

32 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had δέ following you. The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

33 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐνώπιον here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had προ προσωπου (KJV: before the face).

34 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπισκέψεται here, a form of ἐπισκέπτομαι in the future tense, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επεσκεψατο (KJV: hath visited) in the aorist tense.

Fear – Genesis, Part 1

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Paul was not the only one to write about the end of fear.  John also wrote, There is no fear (φόβος) in love, but perfect love drives out fear (φόβον, a form of φόβος), because fear (φόβος) has to do with punishment (κόλασιν, a form of κόλασις).  The one who fears (φοβούμενος, a form of φοβέω) punishment has not been perfected in love.1  This is as good to hear as Paul’s statement, For you did not receive the spirit of slavery leading again to fear (φόβον, a form of φόβος).2  But I wonder about the fear of the Lord since the concept continued into the New Testament.

Therefore, because we know the fear (φόβον, a form of φόβος) of the Lord, Paul wrote the Corinthians, we try to persuade people…3  And to slaves in Colossae he wrote, obey your earthly masters in every respect, not only when they are watching4 – like those who are strictly people-pleasers – but with a sincere heart, fearing (φοβούμενοι, a form of φοβέω) the Lord.5  I have begun to track fear through the Old Testament to attempt to understand this better.

The first occurrence was from the mouth of Adam after he ate the forbidden fruit, “I heard you moving about in the orchard, and I was afraid (yārē’, וָֽאִירָ֛א) because I was naked, so I hid,”6 he said to the Lord God moving about in the orchard at the breezy time of the day.7  The rabbis who translated the Septuagint used the Greek word ἐφοβήθην for the Hebrew word, the passive form of φοβέω the root of φόβος.8  This form does not occur in the New Testament but is close to, For I was afraid (ἐφοβούμην, a form of φοβέω) of you, because you are a severe man.9  This is apparently the middle voice of φέβομαι.

Next God spoke what would become the most common divine greeting to those born of Adam, “Fear (yârêʼ, תִּירָ֣א) not, Abram!  I am your shield and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”10  In the Septuagint the rabbis chose the Greek word φοβοῦ.  The first usage of this form in the New Testament was in Mark’s account of the synagogue ruler Jairus.  He fell at Jesus’ feet and said, “My little daughter is near death.  Come and lay your hands on her so that11 she may be healed and live.”12  But, people came from the synagogue ruler’s house saying, “Your daughter has died.  Why trouble the teacher any longer?”  But Jesus, paying no attention13 to what was said, told the synagogue ruler, “Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, a form of φοβέω); just believe (πίστευε, a form of πιστεύω).”14

And here by faith in the revelation of Scripture I can begin to analyze the beginning of fear from its end.  Jesus offered faith to Jairus as an antidote, or a preoccupation, to his fear of the revealed facts.  (Jesus apparently raised his daughter from death.)  This is the faith Adam lacked.   Though he had unimaginable experience of God’s generous provision, Adam’s faith was in his own efforts to keep God’s commandment.  Once that commandment was broken he feared punishment.  Whatever sonship he experienced was forfeit and he was given over to a spirit of slavery leading to fear.

Sarah didn’t believe the word of the Lord when it was said, I will surely return to you when the season comes round again, and your wife Sarah will have a son,15 but trusted in her long experience of barrenness.  She laughed to herself, thinking, “After I am worn out will I have pleasure, especially when my husband is old too?”16  The Lord confronted Abraham about her.  Then Sarah lied, saying, “I did not laugh,” because she was afraid (yârêʼ, יָרֵ֑אָה).  But the Lord said, “No! You did laugh.”17  While Adam’s fear prompted him to hide from the all-seeing God, Sarah’s fear persuaded her to lie to the all-knowing God.

The Hebrew word translated afraid above was the Greek word ἐφοβήθη in the Septuagint.  This form of φοβέω was first used in Matthew’s narrative of Joseph’s, Mary’s and Jesus’ return from Egypt.  After Herod had died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt saying, “Get up, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who were seeking the child’s life are dead.”  So he got up and took the child and his mother and returned18 to the land of Israel.  But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over19 Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid (ἐφοβήθη, another form of φοβέω) to go there.  After being warned in a dream, he went to the regions of Galilee.20  Joseph’s fear of Archelaus was apparently warranted since God warned him in a dream.

I get an image of the nature of Lot’s faith in the Lord from the next occurrence of fear (Genesis 19:15-17).

At dawn the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get going!  Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or else you will be destroyed when the city is judged!”  When Lot hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord had compassion on them.  They led them away and placed them outside the city [Table].  When they had brought them outside, they said, “Run for your lives!  Don’t look behind you or stop anywhere in the valley!  Escape to the mountains or you will be destroyed!” [Table]

Lot apparently sensed the anxiousness in the angels’ tone of voice, but misunderstood its significance.  “No, please, Lord!” [Table] he said.  Your servant has found favor with you, and you have shown me great kindness by sparing my life.  But I am not able to escape to the mountains because this disaster will overtake me and I’ll die” [Table].21  Lot assumed that the angels’ anxiety was provoked by Lot’s relative slowness.  He reasoned that he should seek closer shelter.  “Look, this town over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one.  Let me go there.  It’s just a little place, isn’t it?  Then I’ll survive.”22

“Very well,” he replied, “I will grant this request too and will not overthrow the town you mentioned.”23  Then the angel revealed that he was anxious to fulfill the will of the Lord.  “Run there quickly, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.”24  Lot made it safely to Zoar, and Zoar was spared from destruction when the Lord rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah.25  But, Lot went up from Zoar with his two daughters and settled in the mountains because he was afraid (yârêʼ, יָרֵ֖א) to live in Zoar.  So he lived in a cave with his two daughters.26  This, too, was ἐφοβήθη in the Septuagint.

The second usage of this form in the New Testament was, Although Herod wanted to kill John [because John had repeatedly told him, “It is not lawful for you to have {Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife}27.”],28 he feared (ἐφοβήθη) the crowd because they accepted John as a prophet.29  In other words, Herod did not believe the Lord that he should not have taken his brother’s wife.  He feared the wrath of his people if he killed one they considered a prophet.  Similarly, Lot did not believe that he would make it safely to the mountains and asked for Zoar to be spared as a place of refuge.  When that request was granted he did not believe that Zoar would continue to be spared from destruction and fled to the mountains.

There is a pattern of sorts here.  Those born of Adam fear God, but not in a good way.  It is not a fear that leads to faith in Him.  It prompts them to hide or lie or flee from his protection.  It is a fear of punishment.  They are not perfected in love.  And I take this to mean they are not led by the Spirit, they do not experience that continuous stream of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control [Table]30 that flows from Him.

 

Addendum: November 5, 2024
Tables comparing Genesis 18:12; 18:15; 19:15; 19:20; 19:21; 19:22; 19:24 and 19:30 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing the Greek of Genesis 18:12; 18:15; 19:15; 19:20; 19:21; 19:22; 19:24 and 19:30 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor), and tables comparing Colossians 3:22; Mark 5:23; 5:36; Matthew 2:21, 22 and 14:3 in the KJV and NET follow.

Genesis 18:12 (Tanakh)

Genesis 18:12 (KJV)

Genesis 18:12 (NET)
And Sarah laughed within herself, saying: ‘After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?’ Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also? So Sarah laughed to herself, thinking, “After I am worn out will I have pleasure, especially when my husband is old too?”

Genesis 18:12 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 18:12 (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἐγέλασεν δὲ Σαρρα ἐν ἑαυτῇ λέγουσα οὔπω μέν μοι γέγονεν ἕως τοῦ νῦν ὁ δὲ κύριός μου πρεσβύτερος ἐγέλασε δὲ Σάρρα ἐν ἑαυτῇ, λέγουσα· οὔπω μέν μοι γέγονεν ἕως τοῦ νῦν, ὁ δὲ κύριός μου πρεσβύτερος

Genesis 18:12 (NETS)

Genesis 18:12 (Elpenor English)
And Sarra laughed within herself, saying, “It has not yet happened to me up to the present, and my lord is rather old.” And Sarrha laughed in herself, saying, The thing has not as yet happened to me, even until now, and my lord is old.

Genesis 18:15 (Tanakh)

Genesis 18:15 (KJV)

Genesis 18:15 (NET)
Then Sarah denied, saying: ‘I laughed not’; for she was afraid. And He said: ‘Nay; but thou didst laugh.’ Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh. Then Sarah lied, saying, “I did not laugh,” because she was afraid. But the Lord said, “No! You did laugh.”

Genesis 18:15 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 18:15 (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἠρνήσατο δὲ Σαρρα λέγουσα οὐκ ἐγέλασα ἐφοβήθη γάρ καὶ εἶπεν οὐχί ἀλλὰ ἐγέλασας ἠρνήσατο δὲ Σάρρα λέγουσα· οὐκ ἐγέλασα· ἐφοβήθη γάρ. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· οὐχί, ἀλλὰ ἐγέλασας

Genesis 18:15 (NETS)

Genesis 18:15 (Elpenor English)
But Sarra denied, saying, “I did not laugh,” for she was afraid. And he said, “No, but you did laugh.” But Sarrha denied, saying, I did not laugh, for she was afraid. And he said to her, Nay, but thou didst laugh.

Genesis 19:15 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:15 (KJV)

Genesis 19:15 (NET)
And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: ‘Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here; lest thou be swept away in the iniquity of the city.’ And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city. At dawn the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get going! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or else you will be destroyed when the city is judged!”

Genesis 19:15 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:15 (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἡνίκα δὲ ὄρθρος ἐγίνετο ἐπεσπούδαζον οἱ ἄγγελοι τὸν Λωτ λέγοντες ἀναστὰς λαβὲ τὴν γυναῖκά σου καὶ τὰς δύο θυγατέρας σου ἃς ἔχεις καὶ ἔξελθε ἵνα μὴ συναπόλῃ ταῖς ἀνομίαις τῆς πόλεως ἡνίκα δὲ ὄρθρος ἐγίνετο, ἐσπούδαζον οἱ ἄγγελοι τὸν Λὼτ λέγοντες· ἀναστὰς λάβε τὴν γυναῖκά σου καὶ τὰς δύο θυγατέρας σου, ἃς ἔχεις, καὶ ἔξελθε, ἵνα μὴ καὶ σὺ συναπόλῃ ταῖς ἀνομίαις τῆς πόλεως

Genesis 19:15 (NETS)

Genesis 19:15 (Elpenor English)
Now when dawn was breaking, the angels were urging Lot, saying, “Rise, take your wife and the two daughters whom you have, and get out, lest you also be destroyed together with the lawlessness of the city.” But when it was morning, the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise and take thy wife, and thy two daughters whom thou hast, and go forth; lest thou also be destroyed with the iniquities of the city.

Genesis 19:20 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:20 (KJV)

Genesis 19:20 (NET)
Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one; oh, let me escape thither–is it not a little one? –and my soul shall live.’ Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh, let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall live. Look, this town over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one. Let me go there. It’s just a little place, isn’t it? Then I’ll survive.”

Genesis 19:20 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:20 (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἰδοὺ ἡ πόλις αὕτη ἐγγὺς τοῦ καταφυγεῖν με ἐκεῖ ἥ ἐστιν μικρά ἐκεῖ σωθήσομαι οὐ μικρά ἐστιν καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου ἰδοὺ ἡ πόλις αὕτη ἐγγὺς τοῦ καταφυγεῖν με ἐκεῖ, ἥ ἐστι μικρά, καὶ ἐκεῖ διασωθήσομαι· οὐ μικρά ἐστι; καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου ἕνεκέν σου

Genesis 19:20 (NETS)

Genesis 19:20 (Elpenor English)
Look, this city, which is small, is near enough for me to flee for refuge there; I shall escape there. Is it not small? And my soul will live!” Behold this city is near for me to escape thither, which is a small one, and there shall I be preserved, is it not little? and my soul shall live because of thee.

Genesis 19:21 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:21 (KJV)

Genesis 19:21 (NET)
And he said unto him: ‘See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow the city of which thou hast spoken. And he said unto him, See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow this city, for the which thou hast spoken. “Very well,” he replied, “I will grant this request too and will not overthrow the town you mentioned.

Genesis 19:21 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:21 (Elpenor Septuagint)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἰδοὺ ἐθαύμασά σου τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ῥήματι τούτῳ τοῦ μὴ καταστρέψαι τὴν πόλιν περὶ ἧς ἐλάλησας καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἰδοὺ ἐθαύμασά σου τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ρήματι τούτῳ τοῦ μὴ καταστρέψαι τὴν πόλιν, περὶ ἧς ἐλάλησας

Genesis 19:21 (NETS)

Genesis 19:21 (Elpenor English)
And he said to him, “Look, I have indulged your person also in reference to this matter, not to overthrow the city concerning which you have spoken. And he said to him, Behold, I have had respect to thee also about this thing, that I should not overthrow the city about which thou hast spoken.

Genesis 19:22 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:22 (KJV)

Genesis 19:22 (NET)
Hasten thou, escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither.’ –Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.– Haste thee, escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar. Run there quickly, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” (This incident explains why the town was called Zoar.)

Genesis 19:22 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:22 (Elpenor Septuagint)
σπεῦσον οὖν τοῦ σωθῆναι ἐκεῖ οὐ γὰρ δυνήσομαι ποιῆσαι πρᾶγμα ἕως τοῦ σε εἰσελθεῖν ἐκεῖ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης Σηγωρ σπεῦσον οὖν τοῦ σωθῆναι ἐκεῖ· οὐ γὰρ δυνήσομαι ποιῆσαι πρᾶγμα, ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν σε ἐκεῖ. διὰ τοῦτο ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης Σηγώρ

Genesis 19:22 (NETS)

Genesis 19:22 (Elpenor English)
So hurry to escape there, for I shall not be able to do a thing until you enter there.” Therefore he called the name of the city Segor. Hasten therefore to escape thither, for I shall not be able to do anything until thou art come thither; therefore he called the name of that city, Segor.

Genesis 19:24 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:24 (KJV)

Genesis 19:24 (NET)
Then HaShem caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from HaShem out of heaven; Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven; Then the Lord rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah. It was sent down from the sky by the Lord.

Genesis 19:24 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:24 (Elpenor Septuagint)
καὶ κύριος ἔβρεξεν ἐπὶ Σοδομα καὶ Γομορρα θεῖον καὶ πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ Κύριος ἔβρεξεν ἐπὶ Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα θεῖον, καὶ πῦρ παρὰ Κυρίου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ

Genesis 19:24 (NETS)

Genesis 19:24 (Elpenor English)
and the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorra sulfur and fire from the Lord out of the sky, And the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrha brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven.

Genesis 19:30 (Tanakh)

Genesis 19:30 (KJV)

Genesis 19:30 (NET)
And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar; and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. Lot went up from Zoar with his two daughters and settled in the mountains because he was afraid to live in Zoar. So he lived in a cave with his two daughters.

Genesis 19:30 (BLB Septuagint)

Genesis 19:30 (Elpenor Septuagint)
ἀνέβη δὲ Λωτ ἐκ Σηγωρ καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐν τῷ ὄρει καὶ αἱ δύο θυγατέρες αὐτοῦ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐφοβήθη γὰρ κατοικῆσαι ἐν Σηγωρ καὶ ᾤκησεν ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ αὐτὸς καὶ αἱ δύο θυγατέρες αὐτοῦ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ᾿Ανέβη δὲ Λὼτ ἐκ Σηγὼρ καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐν τῷ ὄρει αὐτὸς καὶ αἱ δύο θυγατέρες αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ· ἐφοβήθη γὰρ κατοικῆσαι ἐν Σηγώρ. καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ, αὐτὸς καὶ αἱ δύο θυγατέρες αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ

Genesis 19:30 (NETS)

Genesis 19:30 (Elpenor English)
Now Lot went up out of Segor and settled in the mountain, and his two daughters with him, for he was afraid to dwell in Segor. And he lived in the cave, he and his two daughters with him. And Lot went up out of Segor, and dwelt in the mountain, he and his two daughters with him, for he feared to dwell in Segor; and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters with him.

Colossians 3:22 (NET)

Colossians 3:22 (KJV)
Slaves, obey your earthly masters in every respect, not only when they are watching—like those who are strictly people-pleasers—but with a sincere heart, fearing the Lord. Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God:

Colossians 3:22 (NET Parallel Greek)

Colossians 3:22 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Colossians 3:22 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Οἱ δοῦλοι, ὑπακούετε κατὰ πάντα τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις, μὴ ἐν |ὀφθαλμοδουλίᾳ| ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας φοβούμενοι τὸν κύριον. οι δουλοι υπακουετε κατα παντα τοις κατα σαρκα κυριοις μη εν οφθαλμοδουλειαις ως ανθρωπαρεσκοι αλλ εν απλοτητι καρδιας φοβουμενοι τον θεον οι δουλοι υπακουετε κατα παντα τοις κατα σαρκα κυριοις μη εν οφθαλμοδουλειαις ως ανθρωπαρεσκοι αλλ εν απλοτητι καρδιας φοβουμενοι τον θεον

Mark 5:23 (NET)

Mark 5:23 (KJV)
He asked him urgently, “My little daughter is near death. Come and lay your hands on her so that she may be healed and live.” And besought him greatly, saying, My little daughter lieth at the point of death: I pray thee, come and lay thy hands on her, that she may be healed; and she shall live.

Mark 5:23 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 5:23 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 5:23 (Byzantine Majority Text)
καὶ παρακαλεῖ αὐτὸν πολλὰ λέγων ὅτι τὸ θυγάτριον μου ἐσχάτως ἔχει, ἵνα ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ ἵνα σωθῇ καὶ ζήσῃ και παρεκαλει αυτον πολλα λεγων οτι το θυγατριον μου εσχατως εχει ινα ελθων επιθης αυτη τας χειρας οπως σωθη και ζησεται και παρεκαλει αυτον πολλα λεγων οτι το θυγατριον μου εσχατως εχει ινα ελθων επιθης αυτη τας χειρας οπως σωθη και ζησεται

Mark 5:36 (NET)

Mark 5:36 (KJV)
But Jesus, paying no attention to what was said, told the synagogue leader, “Do not be afraid; just believe.” As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe.

Mark 5:36 (NET Parallel Greek)

Mark 5:36 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Mark 5:36 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς παρακούσας τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον λέγει τῷ ἀρχισυναγώγῳ· μὴ φοβοῦ, μόνον πίστευε ο δε ιησους ευθεως ακουσας τον λογον λαλουμενον λεγει τω αρχισυναγωγω μη φοβου μονον πιστευε ο δε ιησους ευθεως ακουσας τον λογον λαλουμενον λεγει τω αρχισυναγωγω μη φοβου μονον πιστευε

Matthew 2:21, 22 (NET)

Matthew 2:21, 22 (KJV)
So he got up and took the child and his mother and returned to the land of Israel. And he arose, and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel.

Matthew 2:21 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 2:21 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 2:21 (Byzantine Majority Text)
ὁ δὲ ἐγερθεὶς παρέλαβεν τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ ο δε εγερθεις παρελαβεν το παιδιον και την μητερα αυτου και ηλθεν εις γην ισραηλ ο δε εγερθεις παρελαβεν το παιδιον και την μητερα αυτου και ηλθεν εις γην ισραηλ
But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. After being warned in a dream, he went to the regions of Galilee. But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:

Matthew 2:22 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 2:22 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 2:22 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Ἀκούσας δὲ ὅτι Ἀρχέλαος βασιλεύει τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῴδου ἐφοβήθη ἐκεῖ ἀπελθεῖν· χρηματισθεὶς δὲ κατ᾿ ὄναρ ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὰ μέρη τῆς Γαλιλαίας ακουσας δε οτι αρχελαος βασιλευει επι της ιουδαιας αντι ηρωδου του πατρος αυτου εφοβηθη εκει απελθειν χρηματισθεις δε κατ οναρ ανεχωρησεν εις τα μερη της γαλιλαιας ακουσας δε οτι αρχελαος βασιλευει επι της ιουδαιας αντι ηρωδου του πατρος αυτου εφοβηθη εκει απελθειν χρηματισθεις δε κατ οναρ ανεχωρησεν εις τα μερη της γαλιλαιας

Matthew 14:3 (NET)

Matthew 14:3 (KJV)
For Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother Philip’s wife.

Matthew 14:3 (NET Parallel Greek)

Matthew 14:3 (Stephanus Textus Receptus)

Matthew 14:3 (Byzantine Majority Text)
Ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην ἔδησεν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ο γαρ ηρωδης κρατησας τον ιωαννην εδησεν αυτον και εθετο εν φυλακη δια ηρωδιαδα την γυναικα φιλιππου του αδελφου αυτου ο γαρ ηρωδης κρατησας τον ιωαννην εδησεν αυτον και εθετο εν φυλακη δια ηρωδιαδα την γυναικα φιλιππου του αδελφου αυτου

1 1 John 4:18 (NET)

2 Romans 8:15a (NET)

3 2 Corinthians 5:11a (NET)

5 Colossians 3:22 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had κύριον here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had θεον (KJV: God).

6 Genesis 3:10 (NET) Table

7 Genesis 3:8 (NET) Table

8 Addendum 11/03/2024: In Strong’s Concordance online φέβομαι is listed as the root of φόβος. The Koine Greek Lexicon online doesn’t have a listing for φέβομαι.

9 Luke 19:21a (NET)

10 Genesis 15:1 (NET) Table

11 The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἵνα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οπως (KJV: that).

12 Mark 5:23 (NET) The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ζήσῃ here, a form of ζάω in the aorist tense, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ζησεται (KJV: she shall live), in the future tense.

14 Mark 5:35, 36 (NET)

15 Genesis 18:10 (NET)

16 Genesis 18:12 (NET)

17 Genesis 18:15 (NET)

19 The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had επι (KJV: in) here. The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

20 Matthew 2:19-22 (NET)

21 Genesis 19:18, 19 (NET)

22 Genesis 19:20 (NET)

23 Genesis 19:21 (NET)

24 Genesis 19:22a (NET)

25 Genesis 19:24a (NET)

26 Genesis 19:30 (NET)

27 Matthew 14:3 (NET)

28 Matthew 14:4 (NET)

29 Matthew 14:5 (NET)